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1. Catalog of Long-term Transient Sources in the First 10 yr of Fermi-LAT Data

Author: Fermi-Lat Collaboration, T., Baldini, L., Ballet, J., Bastieri, D., Becerra Gonzalez, J., Bellazzini, R., Berretta, A., Bissaldi, E., Blandford, R. D., Bloom, E. D., Bonino, R., Bottacini, E., Bruel, P., Buson, S., Cameron, R. A., Caraveo, P. A., Cavazzuti, E., Chen, S., Chiaro, G., Ciangottini, D., Cibario, N., Ciprini, S., Cristarella Orestano, P., Crnogorcevic, M., Cutini, S., D'Ammando, F., De La Torre Luque, P., De Palma, F., Digel, S. W., Di Lalla, N., Dirirsa, F., Di Venere, L., Dominguez, A., Fiori, A., Fleischhack, H., Franckowiak, A., Fukazawa, Y., Funk, S., Fusco, P., Gargano, F., Gasparrini, D., Germani, S., Giglietto, N., Giordano, F., Giroletti, M., Green, D., Grenier, I. A., Griffin, S., Guiriec, S., Gustafsson, M., Hewitt, J. W., Horan, D., Imazawa, R., Johannesson, G., Kerr, M., Kocevski, D., Kuss, M., Larsson, S., Latronico, L., Li, J., Liodakis, I., Longo, F., Loparco, F., Lovellette, M. N., Lubrano, P., Maldera, S., Manfreda, A., Marti-Devesa, G., Matake, H., Mazziotta, M. N., Mereu, I., Meyer, M., Mirabal, N., Mitthumsiri, W., Mizuno, T., Monzani, M. E., Morselli, A., Moskalenko, I. V., Nagasawa, S., Negro, M., Ojha, R., Orienti, M., Orlando, E., Palatiello, M., Paliya, V., Paneque, D., Pei, Z., Persic, M., Pesce-Rollins, M., Petrosian, V., Poon, H., Porter, T. A., Principe, G., Racusin, J. L., Rain, S., Rando, R., Rani, B., Razzano, M., Razzaque, S., Reimer, A., Reimer, O., Saz Parkinson, P. M., Scotton, L., Serini, D., Sgr, C., Siskind, E. J., Spandre, G., Spinelli, P., Suson, D. J., Tajima, H., Tak, D., Torres, D. F., Tosti, G., Troja, E., Wood, K., Yassine, M., Zaharijas, G., Astrophysique Interprétation Modélisation (AIM (UMR7158 / UMR_E_9005 / UM_112)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire Leprince-Ringuet (LLR), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire d'Annecy de Physique des Particules (LAPP), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire Univers et Particules de Montpellier (LUPM), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Fermi-LAT, Astrophysique Interprétation Modélisation (AIM (UMR_7158 / UMR_E_9005 / UM_112)), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Montpellier 2 - Sciences et Techniques (UM2), Baldini, L, Ballet, J, Bastieri, D, Gonzalez, Jb, Bellazzini, R, Berretta, A, Bissaldi, E, Blandford, Rd, Bloom, Ed, Bonino, R, Bottacini, E, Bruel, P, Buson, S, Cameron, Ra, Caraveo, Pa, Cavazzuti, E, Chen, S, Chiaro, G, Ciangottini, D, Cibario, N, Ciprini, S, Orestano, Pc, Crnogorcevic, M, Cutini, S, D'Ammando, F, Luque, Pd, de Palma, F, Digel, Sw, Di Lalla, N, Dirirsa, F, Di Venere, L, Dominguez, A, Fiori, A, Fleischhack, H, Franckowiak, A, Fukazawa, Y, Funk, S, Fusco, P, Gargano, F, Gasparrini, D, Germani, S, Giglietto, N, Giordano, F, Giroletti, M, Green, D, Grenier, Ia, Griffin, S, Guiriec, S, Gustafsson, M, Hewitt, Jw, Horan, D, Imazawa, R, Johannesson, G, Kerr, M, Kocevski, D, Kuss, M, Larsson, S, Latronico, L, Li, J, Liodakis, I, Longo, F, Loparco, F, Lovellette, Mn, Lubrano, P, Maldera, S, Manfreda, A, Marti-Devesa, G, Matake, H, Mazziotta, Mn, Mereu, I, Meyer, M, Mirabal, N, Mitthumsiri, W, Mizuno, T, Monzani, Me, Morselli, A, Moskalenko, Iv, Nagasawa, S, Negro, M, Ojha, R, Orienti, M, Orlando, E, Palatiello, M, Paliya, V, Paneque, D, Pei, Z, Persic, M, Pesce-Rollins, M, Petrosian, V, Poon, H, Porter, Ta, Principe, G, Racusin, Jl, Raino, S, Rando, R, Rani, B, Razzano, M, Razzaque, S, Reimer, A, Reimer, O, Parkinson, Pm, Scotton, L, Serini, D, Sgro, C, Siskind, Ej, Spandre, G, Spinelli, P, Suson, Dj, Tajima, H, Tak, D, Torres, Df, Tosti, G, Troja, E, Wood, K, Yassine, M, Zaharijas, G, Fermi-Lat Collaboration, T., Baldini, L., Ballet, J., Bastieri, D., Becerra Gonzalez, J., Bellazzini, R., Berretta, A., Bissaldi, E., Blandford, R. D., Bloom, E. D., Bonino, R., Bottacini, E., Bruel, P., Buson, S., Cameron, R. A., Caraveo, P. A., Cavazzuti, E., Chen, S., Chiaro, G., Ciangottini, D., Cibario, N., Ciprini, S., Cristarella Orestano, P., Crnogorcevic, M., Cutini, S., D'Ammando, F., De La Torre Luque, P., De Palma, F., Digel, S. W., Di Lalla, N., Dirirsa, F., Di Venere, L., Dominguez, A., Fiori, A., Fleischhack, H., Franckowiak, A., Fukazawa, Y., Funk, S., Fusco, P., Gargano, F., Gasparrini, D., Germani, S., Giglietto, N., Giordano, F., Giroletti, M., Green, D., Grenier, I. A., Griffin, S., Guiriec, S., Gustafsson, M., Hewitt, J. W., Horan, D., Imazawa, R., Johannesson, G., Kerr, M., Kocevski, D., Kuss, M., Larsson, S., Latronico, L., Li, J., Liodakis, I., Longo, F., Loparco, F., Lovellette, M. N., Lubrano, P., Maldera, S., Manfreda, A., Marti-Devesa, G., Matake, H., Mazziotta, M. N., Mereu, I., Meyer, M., Mirabal, N., Mitthumsiri, W., Mizuno, T., Monzani, M. E., Morselli, A., Moskalenko, I. V., Nagasawa, S., Negro, M., Ojha, R., Orienti, M., Orlando, E., Palatiello, M., Paliya, V., Paneque, D., Pei, Z., Persic, M., Pesce-Rollins, M., Petrosian, V., Poon, H., Porter, T. A., Principe, G., Racusin, J. L., Rain, S., Rando, R., Rani, B., Razzano, M., Razzaque, S., Reimer, A., Reimer, O., Saz Parkinson, P. M., Scotton, L., Serini, D., Sgr, C., Siskind, E. J., Spandre, G., Spinelli, P., Suson, D. J., Tajima, H., Tak, D., Torres, D. F., Tosti, G., Troja, E., Wood, K., Yassine, M., and Zaharijas, G.
Subjects: Gamma ray transients, gamma-ray astronomy, Active galactic nucleus, Solar gamma-ray emission, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Radio galaxy, media_common.quotation_subject, Gamma-ray telescopes, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, FOS: Physical sciences, Astrophysics, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, 01 natural sciences, Gamma-ray transient sources, 0103 physical sciences, Blazar, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, Quasars, Astrophysics::Galaxy Astrophysics, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, media_common, Physics, High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE), Spectral index, Active galactic nuclei, Gamma-ray sources, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Quasar, Gamma ray transient, Space and Planetary Science, Sky, Solar flares, Gamma-ray bursts, Catalogs, Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Gamma-rays, [PHYS.ASTR]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph], High energy astrophysics, Blazars, BL Lac object, Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope
Abstract: We present the first Fermi Large Area Telescope (LAT) catalog of long-term $\gamma$-ray transient sources (1FLT). This comprises sources that were detected on monthly time intervals during the first decade of Fermi-LAT operations. The monthly time scale allows us to identify transient and variable sources that were not yet reported in other Fermi-LAT catalogs. The monthly datasets were analyzed using a wavelet-based source detection algorithm that provided the candidate new transient sources. The search was limited to the extragalactic regions of the sky to avoid the dominance of the Galactic diffuse emission at low Galactic latitudes. The transient candidates were then analyzed using the standard Fermi-LAT Maximum Likelihood analysis method. All sources detected with a statistical significance above 4$\sigma$ in at least one monthly bin were listed in the final catalog. The 1FLT catalog contains 142 transient $\gamma$-ray sources that are not included in the 4FGL-DR2 catalog. Many of these sources (102) have been confidently associated with Active Galactic Nuclei (AGN): 24 are associated with Flat Spectrum Radio Quasars; 1 with a BL Lac object; 70 with Blazars of Uncertain Type; 3 with Radio Galaxies; 1 with a Compact Steep Spectrum radio source; 1 with a Steep Spectrum Radio Quasar; 2 with AGN of other types. The remaining 40 sources have no candidate counterparts at other wavelengths. The median $\gamma$-ray spectral index of the 1FLT-AGN sources is softer than that reported in the latest Fermi-LAT AGN general catalog. This result is consistent with the hypothesis that detection of the softest $\gamma$-ray emitters is less efficient when the data are integrated over year-long intervals., Comment: 41 pages, 17 figures, 7 tables; Accepted by ApJS on 24 May 2021; Contact Authors: I. Mereu, S. Cutini, E. Cavazzuti, G. Tosti
Published: 2021

2. Multimessenger gamma-ray and neutrino coincidence alerts using hawc and icecube subthreshold data

Author: Solares, H. A. Ayala, Coutu, S., DeLaunay, J. J., Fox, D. B., Gr��goire, T., Keivani, A., Krau��, F., Mostaf��, M., Murase, K., Turley, C. F., Albert, A., Alfaro, R., Alvarez, C., Camacho, J. R. Angeles, Arteaga-Vel��zquez, J. C., Arunbabu, K. P., Rojas, D. Avila, Belmont-Moreno, E., Brisbois, C., Caballero-Mora, K. S., Carrami��ana, A., Casanova, S., Cotti, U., De la Fuente, E., Hernandez, R. Diaz, Dingus, B. L., DuVernois, M. A., Durocher, M., D��az-V��lez, J. C., Espinoza, C., Fan, K. L., Fleischhack, H., Fraija, N., Galv��n-G��mez, A., Garcia, D., Garc��a-Gonz��lez, J. A., Garfias, F., Gonz��lez, M. M., Goodman, J. A., Harding, J. P., Hona, B., Huang, D., Hueyotl-Zahuantitla, F., Huntemeyer, P., Iriarte, A., Jardin-Blicq, A., Joshi, V., Vargas, H. Le��n, Linnemann, J. T., Longinotti, A. L., Luis-Raya, G., Lundeen, J., Malone, K., Martinez, O., Martinez-Castellanos, I., Mart��nez-Castro, J., Matthews, J. A., Miranda-Romagnoli, P., Moreno, E., Nellen, L., Newbold, M., Nisa, M. U., Noriega-Papaqui, R., Peisker, A., P��rez-P��rez, E. G., Rho, C. D., Rosa-Gonz��lez, D., Salazar, H., Greus, F. Salesa, Sandoval, A., Smith, A. J., Springer, R. W., Tollefson, K., Torres, I., Torres-Escobedo, R., Ure��a-Mena, F., Villase��or, L., Weisgarber, T., Willox, E., Zepeda, A., Zhou, H., de Le��n, C., Aartsen, M. G., Abbasi, R., Ackermann, M., Adams, J., Aguilar, J. A., Ahlers, M., Ahrens, M., Alispach, C., Amin, N. M., Andeen, K., Anderson, T., Ansseau, I., Anton, G., Arg��elles, C., Auffenberg, J., Axani, S., Bagherpour, H., Bai, X., V., A. Balagopal, Barbano, A., Barwick, S. W., Bastian, B., Basu, V., Baum, V., Baur, S., Bay, R., Beatty, J. J., Becker, K. -H., Tjus, J. Becker, BenZvi, S., Berley, D., Bernardini, E., Besson, D. Z., Binder, G., Bindig, D., Blaufuss, E., Blot, S., Bohm, C., B��ser, S., Botner, O., B��ttcher, J., Bourbeau, E., Bourbeau, J., Bradascio, F., Braun, J., Bron, S., Brostean-Kaiser, J., Burgman, A., Buscher, J., Busse, R. S., Carver, T., Chen, C., Cheung, E., Chirkin, D., Choi, S., Clark, B. A., Clark, K., Classen, L., Coleman, A., Collin, G. H., Conrad, J. M., Coppin, P., Correa, P., Cowen, D. F., Cross, R., Dave, P., De Clercq, C., Dembinski, H., Deoskar, K., De Ridder, S., Desai, A., Desiati, P., de Vries, K. D., de Wasseige, G., de With, M., DeYoung, T., Dharani, S., Diaz, A., Dujmovic, H., Dunkman, M., Dvorak, E., Ehrhardt, T., Eller, P., Engel, R., Evenson, P. A., Fahey, S., Fazely, A. R., Felde, J., Fienberg, A., Filimonov, K., Finley, C., Franckowiak, A., Friedman, E., Fritz, A., Gaisser, T. K., Gallagher, J., Ganster, E., Garrappa, S., Gerhardt, L., Glauch, T., Gl��senkamp, T., Goldschmidt, A., Gonzalez, J. G., Grant, D., Griffith, Z., Griswold, S., G��nder, M., G��nd��z, M., Haack, C., Hallgren, A., Halliday, R., Halve, L., Halzen, F., Hanson, K., Hardin, J., Haungs, A., Hauser, S., Hebecker, D., Heereman, D., Heix, P., Helbing, K., Hellauer, R., Henningsen, F., Hickford, S., Hignight, J., Hill, C., Hill, G. C., Hoffman, K. D., Hoffmann, R., Hoinka, T., Hokanson-Fasig, B., Hoshina, K., Huang, F., Huber, M., Huber, T., Hultqvist, K., H��nnefeld, M., Hussain, R., In, S., Iovine, N., Ishihara, A., Jansson, M., Japaridze, G. S., Jeong, M., Jones, B. J. P., Jonske, F., Joppe, R., Kang, D., Kang, W., Kappes, A., Kappesser, D., Karg, T., Karl, M., Karle, A., Katz, U., Kauer, M., Kellermann, M., Kelley, J. L., Kheirandish, A., Kim, J., Kin, K., Kintscher, T., Kiryluk, J., Kittler, T., Klein, S. R., Koirala, R., Kolanoski, H., K��pke, L., Kopper, C., Kopper, S., Koskinen, D. J., Koundal, P., Kowalski, M., Krings, K., Kr��ckl, G., Kulacz, N., Kurahashi, N., Kyriacou, A., Lanfranchi, J. L., Larson, M. J., Lauber, F., Lazar, J. P., Leonard, K., Leszczy��ska, A., Li, Y., Liu, Q. R., Lohfink, E., Mariscal, C. J. Lozano, Lu, L., Lucarelli, F., Ludwig, A., L��nemann, J., Luszczak, W., Lyu, Y., Ma, W. Y., Madsen, J., Maggi, G., Mahn, K. B. M., Makino, Y., Mallik, P., Mancina, S., Mari��, I. C., Maruyama, R., Mase, K., Maunu, R., McNally, F., Meagher, K., Medici, M., Medina, A., Meier, M., Meighen-Berger, S., Merz, J., Meures, T., Micallef, J., Mockler, D., Moment��, G., Montaruli, T., Moore, R. W., Morse, R., Moulai, M., Muth, P., Nagai, R., Naumann, U., Neer, G., Nguyen, L. V., Niederhausen, H., Nowicki, S. C., Nygren, D. R., Pollmann, A. Obertacke, Oehler, M., Olivas, A., O'Murchadha, A., O'Sullivan, E., Pandya, H., Pankova, D. V., Park, N., Parker, G. K., Paudel, E. N., Peiffer, P., Heros, C. P��rez de los, Philippen, S., Pieloth, D., Pieper, S., Pinat, E., Pizzuto, A., Plum, M., Popovych, Y., Porcelli, A., Rodriguez, M. Prado, Price, P. B., Przybylski, G. T., Raab, C., Raissi, A., Rameez, M., Rauch, L., Rawlins, K., Rea, I. C., Rehman, A., Reimann, R., Relethford, B., Renschler, M., Renzi, G., Resconi, E., Rhode, W., Richman, M., Riedel, B., Robertson, S., Roellinghoff, G., Rongen, M., Rott, C., Ruhe, T., Ryckbosch, D., Cantu, D. Rysewyk, Safa, I., Herrera, S. E. Sanchez, Sandrock, A., Sandroos, J., Santander, M., Sarkar, S., Satalecka, K., Scharf, M., Schaufel, M., Schieler, H., Schlunder, P., Schmidt, T., Schneider, A., Schneider, J., Schr��der, F. G., Schumacher, L., Sclafani, S., Seckel, D., Seunarine, S., Shefali, S., Silva, M., Smithers, B., Snihur, R., Soedingrekso, J., Soldin, D., Song, M., Spiczak, G. M., Spiering, C., Stachurska, J., Stamatikos, M., Stanev, T., Stein, R., Stettner, J., Steuer, A., Stezelberger, T., Stokstad, R. G., Strotjohann, N. L., St��rwald, T., Stuttard, T., Sullivan, G. W., Taboada, I., Tenholt, F., Ter-Antonyan, S., Terliuk, A., Tilav, S., Tomankova, L., T��nnis, C., Toscano, S., Tosi, D., Trettin, A., Tselengidou, M., Tung, C. F., Turcati, A., Turcotte, R., Ty, B., Unger, E., Elorrieta, M. A. Unland, Usner, M., Vandenbroucke, J., Van Driessche, W., van Eijk, D., van Eijndhoven, N., Vannerom, D., van Santen, J., Verpoest, S., Vraeghe, M., Walck, C., Wallace, A., Wallraff, M., Watson, T. B., Weaver, C., Weindl, A., Weiss, M. J., Weldert, J., Wendt, C., Werthebach, J., Whelan, B. J., Whitehorn, N., Wiebe, K., Wiebusch, C. H., Williams, D. R., Wills, L., Wolf, M., Wood, T. R., Woschnagg, K., Wrede, G., Wulff, J., Xu, X. W., Xu, Y., Yanez, J. P., Yoshida, S., Yuan, T., Zhang, Z., Z��cklein, M., Physics, Faculty of Sciences and Bioengineering Sciences, Vriendenkring VUB, and Elementary Particle Physics
Subjects: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE), Physics, astro-ph.HE, COSMIC cancer database, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, High-energy astronomy, Subthreshold conduction, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Gamma ray, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, FOS: Physical sciences, Astronomy, Astronomy and Astrophysics, 01 natural sciences, Coincidence, 3. Good health, Space and Planetary Science, Observatory, 0103 physical sciences, Physique des particules élémentaires, Neutrino, Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract: The High Altitude Water Cerenkov (HAWC) and IceCube observatories, through the Astrophysical Multimessenger Observatory Network (AMON) framework, have developed a multimessenger joint search for extragalactic astrophysical sources. This analysis looks for sources that emit both cosmic neutrinos and gamma rays that are produced in photohadronic or hadronic interactions. The AMON system is running continuously, receiving subthreshold data (i.e. data that are not suited on their own to do astrophysical searches) from HAWC and IceCube, and combining them in real time. Here we present the analysis algorithm, as well as results from archival data collected between 2015 June and 2018 August, with a total live time of 3.0 yr. During this period we found two coincident events that have a false-alarm rate (FAR) of, SCOPUS: ar.j, info:eu-repo/semantics/published
Published: 2021

3. MAGIC and Fermi-LAT gamma-ray results on unassociated HAWC sources

Author: Ahnen, M L, Ansoldi, S, Antonelli, L A, Arcaro, C, Baack, D, Babić, A, Banerjee, B, Bangale, P, Barres&nbsp, de&nbsp, Almeida, U, Barrio, J A, Becerra&nbsp, González, J, Bednarek, W, Bernardini, E, Berse, R Ch, Berti, A, Bhattacharyya, W, Biland, A, Blanch, O, Bonnoli, G, Carosi, R, Carosi, A, Ceribella, G, Chatterjee, A, Colak, S M, Colin, P, Colombo, E, Contreras, J L, Cortina, J, Covino, S, Cumani, P, Da&nbsp, Vela, P, Dazzi, F, De&nbsp, Angelis, A, Lotto, B, Delfino, M, Delgado, J, Di&nbsp, Pierro, F, Domínguez, A, Dominis&nbsp, Prester, D, Dorner, D, Doro, M, Einecke, S, Elsaesser, D, Fallah&nbsp, Ramazani, V, Fernández-Barral, A, Fidalgo, D, Fonseca, M V, Font, L, Fruck, C, Galindo, D, García&nbsp, López, R J, Garczarczyk, M, Gaug, M, Giammaria, P, Godinović, N, Gora, D, Guberman, D, Hadasch, D, Hahn, A, Hassan, T, Hayashida, M, Herrera, J, Hose, J, Hrupec, D, Ishio, K, Konno, Y, Kubo, H, Kushida, J, Kuveždić, D, Lelas, D, Lindfors, E, Lombardi, S, Longo, F, López, M, Maggio, C, Majumdar, P, Makariev, M, Maneva, G, Manganaro, M, Mannheim, K, Maraschi, L, Mariotti, M, Martínez, M, Masuda, S, Mazin, D, Mielke, K, Minev, M, Miranda, J M, Mirzoyan, R, Moralejo, A, Moreno, V, Moretti, E, Nagayoshi, T, Neustroev, V, Niedzwiecki, A, Nievas&nbsp, Rosillo, M, Nigro, C, Nilsson, K, Ninci, D, Nishijima, K, Noda, K, Nogués, L, Paiano, S, Palacio, J, Paneque, D, Paoletti, R, Paredes, J M, Pedaletti, G, Peresano, M, Persic, M, Prada&nbsp, Moroni, P G, Prandini, E, Puljak, I, Garcia, J R, Reichardt, I, Rhode, W, Ribó, M, Rico, J, Righi, C, Rugliancich, A, Saito, T, Satalecka, K, Schweizer, T, Sitarek, J, Šnidarić, I, Sobczynska, D, Stamerra, A, Strzys, M, Surić, T, Takahashi, M, Takalo, L, Tavecchio, F, Temnikov, P, Terzić, T, Teshima, M, Torres-Albà, N, Treves, A, Tsujimoto, S, Vanzo, G, Vazquez&nbsp, Acosta, M, Vovk, I, Ward, J E, Will, M, Zarić, D, Albert, A, Alfaro, R, Alvarez, C, Arceo, R, Arteaga-Velázquez, J C, Avila&nbsp, Rojas, D, Ayala&nbsp, Solares, H A, Becerril, A, Belmont-Moreno, E, Benzvi, S Y, Bernal, A, Braun, J, Caballero-Mora, K S, Capistrán, T, Carramiñana, A, Casanova, S, Castillo, M, Cotti, U, Cotzomi, J, Coutiño&nbsp, León, S, León, C, la&nbsp, Fuente, E, Diaz&nbsp, Hernandez, R, Dichiara, S, Dingus, B L, Duvernois, M A, Díaz-Vélez, J C, Ellsworth, R W, Engel, K, Enriquez-Rivera, O, Fiorino, D W, Fleischhack, H, Fraija, N, García-González, J A, Garfias, F, González-Muñoz, A, González, M M, Goodman, J A, Hampel-Arias, Z, Harding, J P, Hernandez, S, Hueyotl-Zahuantitla, F, Hui, C M, Hüntemeyer, P, Iriarte, A, Jardin-Blicq, A, Joshi, V, Kaufmann, S, Lara, A, Lauer, R J, Lee, W H, Lennarz, D, León&nbsp, Vargas, H, Linnemann, J T, Longinotti, A L, Luis-Raya, G, Luna-García, R, López-Coto, R, Malone, K, Marinelli, S S, Martinez, O, Martinez-Castellanos, I, Martínez-Castro, J, Martínez-Huerta, H, Matthews, J A, Miranda-Romagnoli, P, Moreno, E, Mostafá, M, Nayerhoda, A, Nellen, L, Newbold, M, Nisa, M U, Noriega-Papaqui, R, Pelayo, R, Pretz, J, Pérez-Pérez, E G, Ren, Z, Rho, C D, Rivière, C, Rosa-González, D, Rosenberg, M, Ruiz-Velasco, E, Salesa&nbsp, Greus, F, Sandoval, A, Schneider, M, Seglar&nbsp, Arroyo, M, Sinnis, G, Smith, A J, Springer, R W, Surajbali, P, Taboada, I, Tibolla, O, Tollefson, K, Torres, I, Ukwatta, T N, Vianello, G, Villaseñor, L, Werner, F, Westerhoff, S, Wood, J, Yapici, T, Yodh, G, Zepeda, A, Zhou, H, Álvarez, J D, Ajello, M, Baldini, L, Barbiellini, G, Berenji, B, Bissaldi, E, Blandford, R D, Bonino, R, Bottacini, E, Brandt, T J, Bregeon, J, Bruel, P, Cameron, R A, Caputo, R, Caraveo, P A, Castro, D, Cavazzuti, E, Chiaro, G, Ciprini, S, Costantin, D, D’Ammando, F, Palma, F, Desai, A, Lalla, N, Mauro, M, Venere, L, Favuzzi, C, Fukazawa, Y, Funk, S, Fusco, P, Gargano, F, Gasparrini, D, Giglietto, N, Giordano, F, Giroletti, M, Glanzman, T, Green, D, Grenier, I A, Guiriec, S, Harding, A K, Hays, E, Hewitt, J W, Horan, D, Jóhannesson, G, Kuss, M, Larsson, S, Liodakis, I, Loparco, F, Lubrano, P, Magill, J D, Maldera, S, Manfreda, A, Mazziotta, M N, Mereu, I, Michelson, P F, Mizuno, T, Monzani, M E, Morselli, A, Moskalenko, I V, Negro, M, Nuss, E, Omodei, N, Orienti, M, Orlando, E, Ormes, J F, Palatiello, M, Paliya, V S, Pesce-Rollins, M, Petrosian, V, Piron, F, Porter, T A, Principe, G, Rainò, S, Rani, B, Razzano, M, Razzaque, S, Reimer, A, Reimer, O, Sgrò, C, Siskind, E J, Spandre, G, Spinelli, P, Tajima, H, Thayer, J B, Thompson, D J, Torres, D F, Torresi, E, Troja, E, Valverde, J, Wood, K, Yassine, M, Fermi-LAT&nbsp, Collaboration, Null, Laboratoire Univers et Particules de Montpellier (LUPM), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Montpellier 2 - Sciences et Techniques (UM2), Laboratoire Leprince-Ringuet (LLR), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3), Astrophysique Interprétation Modélisation (AIM (UMR_7158 / UMR_E_9005 / UM_112)), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7), MAGIC, HAWC, Fermi-LAT, ITA, Ahnen, M. L., Ansoldi, S., Antonelli, L. A., Arcaro, C., Baack, D., Babic, A., Banerjee, B., Bangale, P., Barres De Almeida, U., Barrio, J. A., Becerra Gonzalez, J., Bednarek, W., Bernardini, E., Berse, R. C., Berti, A., Bhattacharyya, W., Biland, A., Blanch, O., Bonnoli, G., Carosi, R., Carosi, A., Ceribella, G., Chatterjee, A., Colak, S. M., Colin, P., Colombo, E., Contreras, J. L., Cortina, J., Covino, S., Cumani, P., Da Vela, P., Dazzi, F., De Angelis, A., De Lotto, B., Delfino, Delgado, J., Di Pierro, F., Dominguez, A., Dominis Prester, D., Dorner, D., Doro, M., Einecke, S., Elsaesser, D., Fallah Ramazani, V., Fernandez-Barral, A., Fidalgo, D., Fonseca, M. V., Font, L., Fruck, C., Galindo, D., Garcia Lopez, R. J., Garczarczyk, M., Gaug, M., Giammaria, P., Godinovic, N., Gora, D., Guberman, D., Hadasch, D., Hahn, A., Hassan, T., Hayashida, M., Herrera, J., Hose, J., Hrupec, D., Ishio, K., Konno, Y., Kubo, H., Kushida, J., Kuvedic, D., Lelas, D., Lindfors, E., Lombardi, S., Longo, Francesco, Lopez, M., Maggio, C., Majumdar, P., Makariev, M., Maneva, G., Manganaro, M., Mannheim, K., Maraschi, L., Mariotti, M., Martinez, M., Masuda, S., Mazin, Mielke, K., Minev, M., Miranda, J. M., Mirzoyan, R., Moralejo, A., Moreno, V., Moretti, E., Nagayoshi, T., Neustroev, V., Niedzwiecki, A., Nievas Rosillo, M., Nigro, C., Nilsson, K., Ninci, D., Nishijima, K., Noda, K., Nogues, L., Paiano, S., Palacio, J., Paneque, D., Paoletti, R., Paredes, J. M., Pedaletti, G., Peresano, M., Persic, M., Prada Moroni, P. G., Prandini, E., Puljak, I., Garcia, J. R., Reichardt, I., Rhode, W., Ribo, M., Rico, J., Righi, C., Rugliancich, A., Saito, T., Satalecka, K., Schweizer, T., Sitarek, J., Snidaric, I., Sobczynska, D., Stamerra, A., Strzys, M., Suric, T., Takahashi, M., Takalo, L., Tavecchio, F., Temnikov, P., Terzic, T., Teshima, Torres-Alba, N., Treves, A., Tsujimoto, S., Vanzo, G., Vazquez Acosta, M., Vovk, I., Ward, J. E., Will, M., Zaric, D., Albert, A., Alfaro, R., Alvarez, C., Arceo, R., Arteaga-Velazquez, J. C., Avila Rojas, D., Ayala Solares, H. A., Becerril, A., Belmont-Moreno, E., Benzvi, S. Y., Bernal, A., Braun, J., Caballero-Mora, K. S., Capistran, T., Carraminana, A., Casanova, S., Castillo, M., Cotti, U., Cotzomi, J., Coutino De Leon, S., De Leon, C., De La Fuente, E., Diaz Hernandez, R., Dichiara, S., Dingus, B. L., Duvernois, M. A., Diaz-Velez, J. C., Ellsworth, R. W., Engel, K., Enriquez-Rivera, O., Fiorino, D., Fleischhack, H., Fraija, N., Garcia-Gonzalez, J. A., Garfias, F., Gonzalez-Munoz, A., Gonzalez, M. M., Goodman, J. A., Hampel-Arias, Z., Harding, J. P., Hernandez, S., Hueyotl-Zahuantitla, F., Hui, C. M., Huntemeyer, P., Iriarte, A., Jardin-Blicq, A., Joshi, V., Kaufmann, S., Lara, A., Lauer, R. J., Lee, W. H., Lennarz, D., Leon Vargas, H., Linnemann, J. T., Longinotti, A. L., Luis-Raya, G., Luna-Garcia, R., Lopez-Coto, Malone, K., Marinelli, S. S., Martinez, O., Martinez-Castellanos, I., Martinez-Castro, J., Martinez-Huerta, H., Matthews, J. A., Miranda-Romagnoli, P., Moreno, E., Mostafa, M., Nayerhoda, A., Nellen, L., Newbold, M., Nisa, M. U., Noriega-Papaqui, R., Pelayo, R., Pretz, J., Perez-Perez, E. G., Ren, Z., Rho, C. D., Riviere, C., Rosa-Gonzalez, D., Rosenberg, M., Ruiz-Velasco, E., Salesa Greus, F., Sandoval, A., Schneider, M., Seglar Arroyo, M., Sinnis, G., Smith, A. J., Springer, R. W., Surajbali, P., Taboada, I., Tibolla, O., Tollefson, K., Torres, I., Ukwatta, T. N., Vianello, G., Villasenor, L., Werner, F., Westerhoff, S., Wood, J., Yapici, T., Yodh, G., Zepeda, A., Zhou, H., Alvarez, J. D., Ajello, M., Baldini, L., Barbiellini, G., Berenji, B., Bissaldi, E., Blandford, R. D., Bonino, R., Bottacini, Brandt, T. J., Bregeon, J., Bruel, P., Cameron, R. A., Caputo, R., Caraveo, P. A., Castro, D., Cavazzuti, E., Chiaro, G., Ciprini, Costantin, D., D'Ammando, De Palma, F., Desai, A., Di Lalla, N., Di Mauro, M., Di Venere, L., Favuzzi, C., Fukazawa, Y., Funk, S., Fusco, Gargano, F., Gasparrini, Giglietto, N., Giordano, Giroletti, M., Glanzman, T., Green, D., Grenier, I. A., Guiriec, S., Harding, A. K., Hays, E., Hewitt, J. W., Horan, D., Johannesson, Kuss, M., Larsson, Liodakis, I., Loparco, F., Lubrano, P., Magill, J. D., Maldera, S., Manfreda, A., Mazziotta, M. N., Mereu, I., Michelson, P. F., Mizuno, T., Monzani, M. E., Morselli, A., Moskalenko, I. V., Negro, M., Nuss, E., Omodei, N., Orienti, M., Orlando, E., Ormes, J. F., Palatiello, M., Paliya, V. S., Pesce-Rollins, M., Petrosian, V., Piron, F., Porter, T. A., Principe, G., Raino, S., Rani, B., Razzano, M., Razzaque, S., Reimer, A., Reimer, Sgro, C., Siskind, E. J., Spandre, G., Spinelli, Tajima, H., Thayer, J. B., Thompson, D. J., Torres, D. F., Torresi, E., Troja, E., Valverde, J., Wood, K., Yassine, Manal, Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Astrophysique Interprétation Modélisation (AIM (UMR7158 / UMR_E_9005 / UM_112)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Longo, Yassine, Université Montpellier 2 - Sciences et Techniques (UM2)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Université de Montpellier (UM)-Université Montpellier 2 - Sciences et Techniques (UM2)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, pulsars: general – gamma rays: general – astroparticle physics, FOS: Physical sciences, Astrophysics, general [pulsars], 01 natural sciences, VHE, GLAST, Pulsar, Observatory, pulsars: general, 0103 physical sciences, MAGIC (telescope), 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, pulsar, Astroparticle physics, Physics, High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE), gamma rays: general, astroparticle physics, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Gamma ray, astroparticle physic, Astronomy and Astrophysics, MAGIC, observatory, gamma ray: emission, Space and Planetary Science, Pulsars: general, Física nuclear, Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, [PHYS.ASTR]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph], general [gamma rays], HAWC, Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope
Abstract: The HAWC Collaboration released the 2HWC catalog of TeV sources, in which 19 show no association with any known high-energy (HE; E > 10 GeV) or very-high-energy (VHE; E > 300 GeV) sources. This catalog motivated follow-up studies by both the MAGIC and Fermi-LAT observatories with the aim of investigating gamma-ray emission over a broad energy band. In this paper, we report the results from the first joint work between HAWC, MAGIC and Fermi-LAT on three unassociated HAWC sources: 2HWC J2006+341, 2HWC J1907+084* and 2HWC J1852+013*. Although no significant detection was found in the HE and VHE regimes, this investigation shows that a minimum 1 degree extension (at 95% confidence level) and harder spectrum in the GeV than the one extrapolated from HAWC results are required in the case of 2HWC J1852+013*, while a simply minimum extension of 0.16 degrees (at 95% confidence level) can already explain the scenario proposed by HAWC for the remaining sources. Moreover, the hypothesis that these sources are pulsar wind nebulae is also investigated in detail., 12 pages, 3 figures. Accepted for publication in MNRAS
Published: 2019
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4. Very-high-energy particle acceleration powered by the jets of the microquasar SS 433

Author: HAWC Collaboration, Abeysekara, A. U., Albert, A., Alfaro, R., Alvarez, C., ��lvarez, J. D., Arceo, R., Arteaga-Vel��zquez, J. C., Rojas, D. Avila, Solares, H. A. Ayala, Belmont-Moreno, E., BenZvi, S. Y., Brisbois, C., Caballero-Mora, K. S., Capistr��n, T., Carrami��ana, A., Casanova, S., Castillo, M., Cotti, U., Cotzomi, J., de Le��n, S. Couti��o, De Le��n, C., De la Fuente, E., D��az-V��lez, J. C., Dichiara, S., Dingus, B. L., DuVernois, M. A., Ellsworth, R. W., Engel, K., Espinoza, C., Fang, K., Fleischhack, H., Fraija, N., Galv��n-G��mez, A., Garc��a-Gonz��lez, J. A., Garfias, F., Mu��oz, A. Gonz��lez, Gonz��lez, M. M., Goodman, J. A., Hampel-Arias, Z., Harding, J. P., Hernandez, S., Hinton, J., Hona, B., Hueyotl-Zahuantitla, F., Hui, C. M., H��ntemeyer, P., Iriarte, A., Jardin-Blicq, A., Joshi, V., Kaufmann, S., Kar, P., Kunde, G. J., Lauer, R. J., Lee, W. H., Vargas, H. Le��n, Li, H., Linnemann, J. T., Longinotti, A. L., Luis-Raya, G., L��pez-Coto, R., Malone, K., Marinelli, S. S., Martinez, O., Martinez-Castellanos, I., Mart��nez-Castro, J., Matthews, J. A., Miranda-Romagnoli, P., Moreno, E., Mostaf��, M., Nayerhoda, A., Nellen, L., Newbold, M., Nisa, M. U., Noriega-Papaqui, R., P��rez-P��rez, E. G., Pretz, J., Ren, Z., Rho, C. D., Rivi��re, C., Rosa-Gonz��lez, D., Rosenberg, M., Ruiz-Velasco, E., Greus, F. Salesa, Sandoval, A., Schneider, M., Schoorlemmer, H., Arroyo, M. Seglar, Sinnis, G., Smith, A. J., Springer, R. W., Surajbali, P., Taboada, I., Tibolla, O., Tollefson, K., Torres, I., Vianello, G., Villase��or, L., Weisgarber, T., Werner, F., Westerhoff, S., Wood, J., Yapici, T., Yodh, G., Zepeda, A., Zhang, H., and Zhou, H.
Subjects: HAWC - Abteilung Hinton, High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE), Physics, Multidisciplinary, High energy particle, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, FOS: Physical sciences, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, Astrophysics, Compact star, 01 natural sciences, Charged particle, Luminosity, Black hole, Neutron star, 0103 physical sciences, Astrophysics::Solar and Stellar Astrophysics, Roche lobe, Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Supernova remnant, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, Astrophysics::Galaxy Astrophysics
Abstract: SS 433 is a binary system containing a supergiant star that is overflowing its Roche lobe with matter accreting onto a compact object (either a black hole or neutron star). Two jets of ionized matter with a bulk velocity of $\sim0.26c$ extend from the binary, perpendicular to the line of sight, and terminate inside W50, a supernova remnant that is being distorted by the jets. SS 433 differs from other microquasars in that the accretion is believed to be super-Eddington, and the luminosity of the system is $\sim10^{40}$ erg s$^{-1}$. The lobes of W50 in which the jets terminate, about 40 pc from the central source, are expected to accelerate charged particles, and indeed radio and X-ray emission consistent with electron synchrotron emission in a magnetic field have been observed. At higher energies (>100 GeV), the particle fluxes of $\gamma$ rays from X-ray hotspots around SS 433 have been reported as flux upper limits. In this energy regime, it has been unclear whether the emission is dominated by electrons that are interacting with photons from the cosmic microwave background through inverse-Compton scattering or by protons interacting with the ambient gas. Here we report TeV $\gamma$-ray observations of the SS 433/W50 system where the lobes are spatially resolved. The TeV emission is localized to structures in the lobes, far from the center of the system where the jets are formed. We have measured photon energies of at least 25 TeV, and these are certainly not Doppler boosted, because of the viewing geometry. We conclude that the emission from radio to TeV energies is consistent with a single population of electrons with energies extending to at least hundreds of TeV in a magnetic field of $\sim16$~micro-Gauss., Comment: Preprint version of Nature paper. Contacts: S. BenZvi, B. Dingus, K. Fang, C.D. Rho , H. Zhang, H. Zhou
Published: 2018

5. VERITAS and Fermi-LAT Observations of TeV Gamma-Ray Sources Discovered by HAWC in the 2HWC Catalog

Author: Abeysekara, A. U., Archer, A., Benbow, W., Bird, R., Brose, R., Buchovecky, M., Buckley, J. H., Bugaev, V., Chromey, A. J., Connolly, M. P., Cui, W., Michael Daniel, Falcone, A., Feng, Q., Finley, J. P., Fortson, L., Furniss, A., Hütten, M., Hanna, D., Hervet, O., Holder, J., Hughes, G., Humensky, T. B., Johnson, C. A., Kaaret, P., Kar, P., Kertzman, M., Kieda, D., Krause, M., Krennrich, F., Kumar, S., Lang, M. J., Lin, T. T. Y., Mcarthur, S., Moriarty, P., Mukherjee, R., O’brien, S., Ong, R. A., Otte, A. N., Park, N., Petrashyk, A., Pohl, M., Pueschel, E., Quinn, J., Ragan, K., Reynolds, P. T., Richards, G. T., Roache, E., Rulten, C., Sadeh, I., Santander, M., Sembroski, G. H., Shahinyan, K., Sushch, I., Tyler, J., Wakely, S. P., Weinstein, A., Wells, R. M., Wilcox, P., Wilhelm, A., Williams, D. A., Williamson, T. J., Zitzer, B., Veritas, The Collaboration, Abdollahi, S., Ajello, M., Baldini, L., Barbiellini, G., Bastieri, D., Bellazzini, R., Berenji, B., Bissaldi, E., Blandford, R. D., Bonino, R., Bottacini, E., Brandt, T. J., Bruel, P., Buehler, R., Cameron, R. A., Caputo, R., Caraveo, P. A., Castro, D., Cavazzuti, E., Charles, E., Chiaro, G., Ciprini, S., Cohen-Tanugi, J., Costantin, D., Cutini, S., D’ammando, F., Palma, F., Di Lalla, N., Di Mauro, M., Di Venere, L., Domínguez, A., Favuzzi, C., Fegan, S. J., Franckowiak, A., Fukazawa, Y., Funk, S., Fusco, P., Gargano, F., Gasparrini, D., Giglietto, N., Giordano, F., Giroletti, M., Green, D., Grenier, I. A., Guillemot, L., Guiriec, S., Hays, E., Hewitt, J. W., Horan, D., Jóhannesson, G., Kensei, S., Kuss, M., Larsson, S., Latronico, L., Lemoine-Goumard, M., Li, J., Longo, F., Loparco, F., Lovellette, M. N., Lubrano, P., Magill, J. D., Maldera, S., Mazziotta, M. N., Mcenery, J. E., Michelson, P. F., Mitthumsiri, W., Mizuno, T., Monzani, M. E., Morselli, A., Moskalenko, I. V., Negro, M., Nuss, E., Ojha, R., Omodei, N., Orienti, M., Orlando, E., Palatiello, M., Paliya, V. S., Paneque, D., Perkins, J. S., Persic, M., Pesce-Rollins, M., Petrosian, V., Piron, F., Porter, T. A., Principe, G., Rainò, S., Rando, R., Rani, B., Razzano, M., Razzaque, S., Reimer, A., Reimer, O., Reposeur, T., Sgrò, C., Siskind, E. J., Spandre, G., Spinelli, P., Suson, D. J., Tajima, H., Thayer, J. B., Thompson, D. J., Torres, D. F., Tosti, G., Troja, E., Valverde, J., Vianello, G., Vogel, M., Wood, K., Yassine, M., The Fermi-LAT Collaboration, Alfaro, R., Álvarez, C., Álvarez, J. D., Arceo, R., Arteaga-Velázquez, J. C., Avila Rojas, D., Ayala Solares, H. A., Becerril, A., Belmont-Moreno, E., Benzvi, S. Y., Bernal, A., Braun, J., Brisbois, C., Caballero-Mora, K. S., Capistrán, T., Carramiñana, A., Casanova, S., Castillo, M., Cotti, U., Cotzomi, J., Coutiño León, S., León, C., La Fuente, E., Dichiara, S., Dingus, B. L., Duvernois, M. A., Díaz-Vélez, J. C., Engel, K., Enriquez-Rivera, O., Fiorino, D. W., Fleischhack, H., Fraija, N., García-González, J. A., Garfias, F., González Muñoz, A., González, M. M., Goodman, J. A., Hampel-Arias, Z., Harding, J. P., Hernandez, S., Hernandez-Almada, A., Hona, B., Hueyotl-Zahuantitla, F., Hui, C. M., Hüntemeyer, P., Iriarte, A., Jardin-Blicq, A., Joshi, V., Kaufmann, S., Lara, A., Lauer, R. J., Lee, W. H., Lennarz, D., León Vargas, H., Linnemann, J. T., Longinotti, A. L., Luis-Raya, G., Luna-García, R., López-Coto, R., Malone, K., Marinelli, S. S., Martinez, O., Martinez-Castellanos, I., Martínez-Castro, J., Martínez-Huerta, H., Matthews, J. A., Miranda-Romagnoli, P., Moreno, E., Mostafá, M., Nayerhoda, A., Nellen, L., Newbold, M., Nisa, M. U., Noriega-Papaqui, R., Pelayo, R., Pretz, J., Pérez-Pérez, E. G., Ren, Z., Rho, C. D., Rivière, C., Rosa-González, D., Rosenberg, M., Ruiz-Velasco, E., Salazar, H., Salesa Greus, F., Sandoval, A., Schneider, M., Seglar Arroyo, M., Sinnis, G., Smith, A. J., Springer, R. W., Surajbali, P., Taboada, I., Tibolla, O., Tollefson, K., Torres, I., Ukwatta, T. N., Villaseñor, L., Weisgarber, T., Westerhoff, S., Wisher, I. G., Wood, J., Yapici, T., Yodh, G., Zepeda, A., Zhou, H., Hawc, The Collaboration, Laboratoire Leprince-Ringuet (LLR), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire Univers et Particules de Montpellier (LUPM), Université de Montpellier (UM)-Université Montpellier 2 - Sciences et Techniques (UM2)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Astrophysique Interprétation Modélisation (AIM (UMR_7158 / UMR_E_9005 / UM_112)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Physique et Chimie de l'Environnement et de l'Espace (LPC2E), Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers en région Centre (OSUC), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Observatoire de Paris, PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Observatoire de Paris, PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Centre National d’Études Spatiales [Paris] (CNES), Unité Scientifique de la Station de Nançay (USN), Université d'Orléans (UO)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers en région Centre (OSUC), PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, PSL Research University (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre d'Etudes Nucléaires de Bordeaux Gradignan (CENBG), Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), VERITAS, Fermi-LAT, HAWC, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3), Université Montpellier 2 - Sciences et Techniques (UM2)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National d’Études Spatiales [Paris] (CNES), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers en région Centre (OSUC), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université d'Orléans (UO), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Astrophysique Interprétation Modélisation (AIM (UMR7158 / UMR_E_9005 / UM_112)), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1 (UB)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Abeysekara, A. U., Archer, A., Benbow, W., Bird, R., Brose, R., Buchovecky, M., Buckley, J. H., Bugaev, V., Chromey, A. J., Connolly, M. P., Cui, W., Daniel, M. K., Falcone, A., Feng, Q., Finley, J. P., Fortson, L., Furniss, A., Hutten, M., Hanna, D., Hervet, O., Holder, J., Hughes, G., Humensky, T. B., Johnson, C. A., Kaaret, P., Kar, P., Kertzman, M., Kieda, D., Krause, M., Krennrich, F., Kumar, S., Lang, M. J., Lin, T. T. Y., Mcarthur, S., Moriarty, P., Mukherjee, R., O'Brien, S., Ong, R. A., Otte, A. N., Park, N., Petrashyk, A., Pohl, M., Pueschel, E., Quinn, J., Ragan, K., Reynolds, P. T., Richards, G. T., Roache, E., Rulten, C., Sadeh, I., Santander, M., Sembroski, G. H., Shahinyan, K., Sushch, I., Tyler, J., Wakely, S. P., Weinstein, A., Wells, R. M., Wilcox, P., Wilhelm, A., Williams, D. A., Williamson, T. J., Zitzer, B., Abdollahi, S., Ajello, M., Baldini, L., Barbiellini, G., Bastieri, D., Bellazzini, R., Berenji, B., Bissaldi, E., Blandford, R. D., Bonino, R., Bottacini, E., Brandt, T. J., Bruel, P., Buehler, R., Cameron, R. A., Caputo, R., Caraveo, P. A., Castro, D., Cavazzuti, E., Charles, E., Chiaro, G., Ciprini, S., Cohen-Tanugi, J., Costantin, D., Cutini, S., D'Ammando, F., DE PALMA, Francesco, Lalla, N. D., Mauro, M. D., Venere, L. D., Dominguez, A., Favuzzi, C., Fegan, S. J., Franckowiak, A., Fukazawa, Y., Funk, S., Fusco, P., Gargano, F., Gasparrini, D., Giglietto, N., Giordano, F., Giroletti, M., Green, D., Grenier, I. A., Guillemot, L., Guiriec, S., Hays, E., Hewitt, J. W., Horan, D., Johannesson, G., Kensei, S., Kuss, M., Larsson, S., Latronico, L., Lemoine-Goumard, M., Li, J., Longo, F., Loparco, F., Lovellette, M. N., Lubrano, P., Magill, J. D., Maldera, S., Mazziotta, M. N., Mcenery, J. E., Michelson, P. F., Mitthumsiri, W., Mizuno, T., Monzani, M. E., Morselli, A., Moskalenko, I. V., Negro, M., Nuss, E., Ojha, R., Omodei, N., Orienti, M., Orlando, E., Palatiello, M., Paliya, V. S., Paneque, D., Perkins, J. S., Persic, M., Pesce-Rollins, M., Petrosian, V., Piron, F., Porter, T. A., Principe, G., Raino, S., Rando, R., Rani, B., Razzano, M., Razzaque, S., Reimer, A., Reimer, O., Reposeur, T., Sgro, C., Siskind, E. J., Spandre, G., Spinelli, P., Suson, D. J., Tajima, H., Thayer, J. B., Thompson, D. J., Torres, D. F., Tosti, G., Troja, E., Valverde, J., Vianello, G., Vogel, M., Wood, K., Yassine, M., Alfaro, R., Alvarez, C., Alvarez, J. D., Arceo, R., Arteaga-Velazquez, J. C., Rojas, D. A., Solares, H. A. A., Becerril, A., Belmont-Moreno, E., Benzvi, S. Y., Bernal, A., Braun, J., Brisbois, C., Caballero-Mora, K. S., Capistran, T., Carraminana, A., Casanova, S., Castillo, M., Cotti, U., Cotzomi, J., De Leon, S. C., Leon, C. D., Fuente, E. D. L., Dichiara, S., Dingus, B. L., Duvernois, M. A., Diaz-Velez, J. C., Engel, K., Enriquez-Rivera, O., Fiorino, D. W., Fleischhack, H., Fraija, N., Garcia-Gonzalez, J. A., Garfias, F., Munoz, A. G., Gonzalez, M. M., Goodman, J. A., Hampel-Arias, Z., Harding, J. P., Hernandez, S., Hernandez-Almada, A., Hona, B., Hueyotl-Zahuantitla, F., Hui, C. M., Huntemeyer, P., Iriarte, A., Jardin-Blicq, A., Joshi, V., Kaufmann, S., Lara, A., Lauer, R. J., Lee, W. H., Lennarz, D., Vargas, H. L., Linnemann, J. T., Longinotti, A. L., Luis-Raya, G., Luna-Garcia, R., Lopez-Coto, R., Malone, K., Marinelli, S. S., Martinez, O., Martinez-Castellanos, I., Martinez-Castro, J., Martinez-Huerta, H., Matthews, J. A., Miranda-Romagnoli, P., Moreno, E., Mostafa, M., Nayerhoda, A., Nellen, L., Newbold, M., Nisa, M. U., Noriega-Papaqui, R., Pelayo, R., Pretz, J., Perez-Perez, E. G., Ren, Z., Rho, C. D., Riviere, C., Rosa-Gonzalez, D., Rosenberg, M., Ruiz-Velasco, E., Salazar, H., Greus, F. S., Sandoval, A., Schneider, M., Arroyo, M. S., Sinnis, G., Smith, A. J., Springer, R. W., Surajbali, P., Taboada, I., Tibolla, O., Tollefson, K., Torres, I., Ukwatta, T. N., Villasenor, L., Weisgarber, T., Westerhoff, S., Wisher, I. G., Wood, J., Yapici, T., Yodh, G., Zepeda, A., Zhou, H., ITA, PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National d’Études Spatiales [Paris] (CNES), Hütten, M., Palma, F. De, Lalla, N. Di, Mauro, M. Di, Venere, L. Di, Jóhannesson, G., Arteaga-Velázquez, J. C., Rojas, D. Avila, Solares, H. A. Ayala, Capistrán, T., De León, S. Coutino, León, C. De, Fuente, E. De La, Diaz-Vélez, J. C., Garcia-González, J. A., Munoz, A. González, González, M. M., Hüntemeyer, P., Vargas, H. León, López-Coto, R., Mostafá, M., Pérez-Pérez, E. G., Rosa-González, D., Greus, F. Salesa, and Arroyo, M. Seglar
Subjects: Physics, High energy, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Institut für Physik und Astronomie, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Astrophysics, gamma rays: general, Astronomy and Astrophysic, 01 natural sciences, Pulsar wind nebula, 13. Climate action, Space and Planetary Science, [SDU]Sciences of the Universe [physics], 0103 physical sciences, ddc:520, ddc:530, [PHYS.ASTR]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph], 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, general [gamma rays], Cherenkov radiation, Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope
Abstract: International audience; The High Altitude Water Cherenkov (HAWC) collaboration recently published their 2HWC catalog, listing 39 very high energy (VHE; >100 GeV) gamma-ray sources based on 507 days of observation. Among these, 19 sources are not associated with previously known teraelectronvolt (TeV) gamma-ray sources. We have studied 14 of these sources without known counterparts with VERITAS and Fermi-LAT. VERITAS detected weak gamma-ray emission in the 1 TeV–30 TeV band in the region of DA 495, a pulsar wind nebula coinciding with 2HWC J1953+294, confirming the discovery of the source by HAWC. We did not find any counterpart for the selected 14 new HAWC sources from our analysis of Fermi-LAT data for energies higher than 10 GeV. During the search, we detected gigaelectronvolt (GeV) gamma-ray emission coincident with a known TeV pulsar wind nebula, SNR G54.1+0.3 (VER J1930+188), and a 2HWC source, 2HWC J1930+188. The fluxes for isolated, steady sources in the 2HWC catalog are generally in good agreement with those measured by imaging atmospheric Cherenkov telescopes. However, the VERITAS fluxes for SNR G54.1+0.3, DA 495, and TeV J2032+4130 are lower than those measured by HAWC, and several new HAWC sources are not detected by VERITAS. This is likely due to a change in spectral shape, source extension, or the influence of diffuse emission in the source region.
Published: 2018

6. All-sky Measurement of the Anisotropy of Cosmic Rays at 10 TeV and Mapping of the Local Interstellar Magnetic Field

Author: HAWC Collaboration, Abeysekara, A. U., Brisbois, C., Becker, K. -H., Tjus, J. Becker, BenZvi, S., Berley, D., Bernardini, E., Besson, D. Z., Binder, G., Bindig, D., Blaufuss, E., Blot, S., Capistrán, T., Bohm, C., Börner, M., Bos, F., Böser, S., Botner, O., Bourbeau, E., Bourbeau, J., Bradascio, F., Braun, J., Bretz, Hans-Peter, Carramiñana, A., Bron, S., Brostean-Kaiser, J., Burgman, A., Busse, R. S., Carver, T., Chen, C., Cheung, E., Chirkin, D., Clark, K., Classen, L., Casanova, S., Collin, G. H., Conrad, J. M., Coppin, P., Correa, P., Cowen, D. F., Cross, R., Dave, P., Day, M., de André, J. P. A. M., De Clercq, C., Cotti, U., DeLaunay, J. J., Dembinski, H., Deoskar, K., De Ridder, S., Desiati, P., de Vries, K. D., de Wasseige, G., de With, M., DeYoung, T., Díaz-Vélez, J. C., Cotzomi, J., Dujmovic, H., Dunkman, M., Dvorak, E., Eberhardt, B., Ehrhardt, T., Eichmann, B., Eller, P., Evenson, P. A., Fahey, S., Fazely, A. R., Felde, J., Filimonov, K., Finley, C., Franckowiak, A., Friedman, E., Fritz, A., Gaisser, T. K., Gallagher, J., Ganster, E., Garrappa, S., De León, C., Gerhardt, L., Ghorbani, K., Giang, W., Glauch, T., Glüsenkamp, T., Goldschmidt, A., Gonzalez, J. G., Grant, D., Griffith, Z., Haack, C., De la Fuente, E., Hallgren, A., Halve, L., Halzen, F., Hanson, K., Hebecker, D., Heereman, D., Helbing, K., Hellauer, R., Hickford, S., Hignight, J., Dichiara, S., Hill, G. C., Hoffman, K. D., Hoffmann, R., Hoinka, T., Hokanson-Fasig, B., Hoshina, K., Lankinen, Aapo, Huang, F., Huber, M., Hultqvist, K., Alfaro, R., DuVernois, M. A., Hünnefeld, M., Hussain, R., In, S., Iovine, N., Ishihara, A., Jacobi, Emanuel, Japaridze, G. S., Jeong, M., Jero, K., Jones, B. J. P., Espinoza, C., Kalaczynski, P., Kang, W., Kappes, A., Kappesser, D., Karg, T., Karle, A., Katz, U., Kauer, M., Keivani, A., Kelley, J. L., Fiorino, D. W., Kheirandish, A., Kim, J., Kintscher, T., Kiryluk, J., Kittler, T., Klein, S. R., Koirala, R., Kolanoski, H., Köpke, L., Kopper, C., Fleischhack, H., Kopper, S., Koskinen, D. J., Kowalski, M., Krings, K., Kroll, M., Krückl, G., Kunwar, S., Kurahashi, N., Kyriacou, A., Labare, M., Fraija, N., Lanfranchi, J. L., Larson, M. J., Lauber, F., Leonard, K., Leuermann, M., Liu, Q. R., Lohfink, E., Mariscal, C. J. Lozano, Lu, L., Lünemann, J., Galván-Gámez, A., Luszczak, W., Madsen, J., Maggi, G., Mahn, K. B. M., Makino, Y., Mancina, S., Mariş, I. C., Maruyama, R., Mase, K., Maunu, R., García-González, J. A., Meagher, K., Medici, M., Medina, A., Meier, M., Menne, T., Merino, G., Meures, T., Miarecki, S., Micallef, J., Momenté, G., González, M. M., Montaruli, T., Moore, R. W., Moulai, M., Nagai, R., Nahnhauer, R., Nakarmi, P., Naumann, U., Neer, G., Niederhausen, H., Nowicki, S. C., Goodman, J. A., Nygren, D. R., Pollmann, A. Obertacke, Olivas, A., O'Murchadha, A., O'Sullivan, E., Palczewski, T., Pandya, H., Pankova, D. V., Peiffer, P., Heros, C. Pérez de los, Hampel-Arias, Z., Pieloth, D., Pinat, E., Pizzuto, A., Plum, M., Price, P. B., Przybylski, G. T., Raab, C., Raissi, A., Rameez, M., Rauch, L., Alvarez, C., Harding, J. P., Rawlins, K., Rea, I. C., Reimann, R., Relethford, B., Renzi, G., Resconi, E., Rhode, W., Richman, M., Robertson, S., Rongen, M., Hernandez, S., Rott, C., Ruhe, T., Ryckbosch, D., Rysewyk, D., Safa, I., Herrera, S. E. Sanchez, Sandrock, A., Sandroos, J., Santander, M., Sarkar, S., Hona, B., Satalecka, K., Schaufel, M., Schlunder, P., Schmidt, T., Schneider, A., Schneider, J., Schöneberg, S., Schumacher, L., Sclafani, S., Hueyotl-Zahuantitla, F., Seckel, D., Seunarine, S., Soedingrekso, J., Soldin, D., Song, M., Spiczak, G. M., Spiering, C., Stachurska, J., Stamatikos, M., Stanev, T., Iriarte, A., Stasik, Alexander, Stein, R., Stettner, J., Steuer, A., Stezelberger, T., Stokstad, R. G., Stößl, A., Strotjohann, N. L., Stuttard, T., Sullivan, G. W., Jardin-Blicq, A., Sutherland, M., Taboada, I., Tenholt, F., Ter-Antonyan, S., Terliuk, A., Tilav, S., Tobin, M. N., Tönnis, C., Toscano, S., Tosi, D., Joshi, V., Tselengidou, M., Tung, C. F., Turcati, A., Turcotte, R., Turley, C. F., Ty, B., Unger, E., Elorrieta, M. A. Unland, Usner, Marcel, Vandenbroucke, J., Lara, A., Van Driessche, W., van Eijk, D., van Eijndhoven, N., Vanheule, S., van Santen, J., Vraeghe, M., Walck, C., Wallace, A., Wallraff, M., Wandkowsky, N., Vargas, H. León, Wandler, F. D., Watson, T. B., Weaver, C., Weiss, M. J., Weldert, J., Wendt, C., Werthebach, J., Westerhoff, S., Whelan, B. J., Whitehorn, N., Luis-Raya, G., Wiebe, K., Wiebusch, C. H., Wille, L., Williams, D. R., Wills, L., Wolf, M., Wood, J., Wood, T. R., Woolsey, E., Woschnagg, K., Álvarez, J. D., Malone, K., Wrede, G., Xu, D. L., Xu, X. W., Xu, Y., Yanez, J. P., Yodh, G., Yoshida, S., Yuan, T., IceCube Collaboration, Marinelli, S. S., Martínez-Castro, J., Martinez, O., Matthews, J. A., Miranda-Romagnoli, P., Moreno, E., Mostafá, M., Nellen, L., Newbold, M., Arceo, R., Nisa, M. U., Noriega-Papaqui, R., Pérez-Pérez, E. G., Pretz, J., Ren, Z., Rho, C. D., Rivière, C., Rosa-González, D., Rosenberg, M., Salazar, H., Arteaga-Velázquez, J. C., Greus, F. Salesa, Sandoval, A., Schneider, M., Schoorlemmer, H., Sinnis, G., Smith, A. J., Surajbali, P., Tollefson, K., Torres, I., Rojas, D. Avila, Villaseño, L., Weisgarber, T., Zepeda, A., Zhou, H., Techn. Koordinator:, J. Spengler, Aartsen, M. G., Ackermann, M., Adams, J., Belmont-Moreno, E., Aguilar, J. A., Ahlers, M., Ahrens, M., Altmann, D., Andeen, K., Anderson, T., Ansseau, I., Anton, G., Argüelles, C., Auffenberg, J., BenZvi, S. Y., Axani, S., Backes, P., Bagherpour, H., Bai, X., Barbano, A., Barron, J. P., Barwick, S. W., Baum, V., Bay, R., Beatty, J. J., Physics, and Elementary Particle Physics
Subjects: 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, TeV [cosmic radiation], magnetic field, Astrophysics, anisotropy [cosmic radiation], 01 natural sciences, cosmic radiation: TeV, IceCube, 3-DIMENSIONAL FEATURES, propagation, Anisotropy, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, media_common, High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE), Physics, angular dependence [power spectrum], Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, ENERGY-SPECTRUM, Magnetic field, astroparticle physics, cosmic rays, ISM: magnetic fields, observatory, power spectrum: angular dependence, Physique des particules élémentaires, Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, media_common.quotation_subject, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, FOS: Physical sciences, Cosmic ray, LARGE-SCALE ANISOTROPY, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, energy [particle], cosmic radiation: anisotropy, 0103 physical sciences, ARRIVAL DIRECTIONS, Astrophysics::Galaxy Astrophysics, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, INTENSITY, particle: energy, magnetic fields [ISM], Spectral density, Astronomy and Astrophysics, OUTER HELIOSPHERE, Interstellar medium, Dipole, Physics and Astronomy, Space and Planetary Science, Sky, ROTATION, ddc:520, HAWC, Energy (signal processing), dipole
Abstract: We present the first full-sky analysis of the cosmic ray arrival direction distribution with data collected by the High-Altitude Water Cherenkov and IceCube observatories in the northern and southern hemispheres at the same median primary particle energy of 10 TeV. The combined sky map and angular power spectrum largely eliminate biases that result from partial sky coverage and present a key to probe into the propagation properties of TeV cosmic rays through our local interstellar medium and the interaction between the interstellar and heliospheric magnetic fields. From the map, we determine the horizontal dipole components of the anisotropy δ 0h = 9.16 ×10 -4 and δ 6h = 7.25 ×10 -4 (±0.04 × 10 -4 ). In addition, we infer the direction (229.°2 ± 3.°5 R.A. 11.°4 ± 3.°0 decl.) of the interstellar magnetic field from the boundary between large-scale excess and deficit regions from which we estimate the missing corresponding vertical dipole component of the large-scale anisotropy to be δN ∼ -3.97 +1.0 -2.0 × 10 -4 ., 0, SCOPUS: ar.j, info:eu-repo/semantics/published
Published: 2019
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7. Constraints on spin-dependent dark matter scattering with long-lived mediators from TeV observations of the Sun with HAWC

Author: Albert, A., Alfaro, R., Alvarez, C., Arceo, R., Arteaga-Velázquez, J. C., Avila Rojas, D., Ayala Solares, H. A., Belmont-Moreno, E., BenZvi, S. Y., Brisbois, C., Caballero-Mora, K. S., Capistrán, T., Carramiñana, A., Casanova, S., Castillo, M., Cotzomi, J., Coutiño de León, S., De León, C., De la Fuente, E., Dichiara, S., Dingus, B. L., DuVernois, M. A., Díaz-Vélez, J. C., Engel, K., Enríquez-Rivera, O., Espinoza, C., Fleischhack, H., Fraija, N., García-González, J. A., Garfias, F., González, M. M., Goodman, J. A., Hampel-Arias, Z., Harding, J. P., Hernandez, S., Hona, B., Hueyotl-Zahuantitla, F., Hüntemeyer, P., Iriarte, A., Jardin-Blicq, A., Joshi, V., Kaufmann, S., León Vargas, H., Luis-Raya, G., Lundeen, J., López-Coto, R., Malone, K., Marinelli, S. S., Martinez, O., Martinez-Castellanos, I., Martínez-Castro, J., Miranda-Romagnoli, P., Moreno, E., Mostafá, M., Nayerhoda, A., Nellen, L., Newbold, M., Nisa, M. U., Noriega-Papaqui, R., Pretz, J., Pérez-Pérez, E. G., Ren, Z., Rho, C. D., Rivière, C., Rosa-González, D., Rosenberg, M., Ruiz-Velasco, E., Salazar, H., Salesa Greus, F., Sandoval, A., Schneider, M., Seglar Arroyo, M., Sinnis, G., Smith, A. J., Springer, R. W., Surajbali, P., Taboada, I., Tibolla, O., Tollefson, K., Torres, I., Villaseñor, L., Weisgarber, T., Westerhoff, S., Wisher, I. G., Wood, J., Yapici, T., Zepeda, A., Zhou, H., Álvarez, J. D., Beacom, J. F., Linden, T., Ng, K. C. Y., Peter, A. H. G., Zhou, B., HAWC Collaboration, Leane, Rebecca K, Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Center for Theoretical Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Laboratory for Nuclear Science, Leane, Rebecca K, and HAWC Collaboration
Subjects: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE), HAWC - Abteilung Hinton, Elastic scattering, Physics, Annihilation, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Physics beyond the Standard Model, Dark matter, Gamma ray, FOS: Physical sciences, Astrophysics, 01 natural sciences, 7. Clean energy, High Energy Physics - Phenomenology, High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph), Astrophysics - Solar and Stellar Astrophysics, WIMP, Orders of magnitude (time), 13. Climate action, 0103 physical sciences, Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, 010306 general physics, Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR), Cherenkov radiation
Abstract: We analyze the Sun as a source for the indirect detection of dark matter through a search for gamma rays from the solar disk. Capture of dark matter by elastic interactions with the solar nuclei followed by annihilation to long-lived mediators can produce a detectable gamma-ray flux. We search 3 years of data from the High Altitude Water Cherenkov (HAWC) observatory and find no statistically significant detection of TeV gamma-ray emission from the Sun. Using this, we constrain the spin-dependent elastic scattering cross section of dark matter with protons for dark matter masses above 1 TeV, assuming a sufficiently long-lived mediator. The results complement constraints obtained from Fermi-LAT observations of the Sun and together cover WIMP masses between 4 and 10^{6} GeV. In the optimal scenario, the cross-section constraints for mediator decays to gamma rays can be as strong as ∼10^{-45} cm^{2}, which is more than 4 orders of magnitude stronger than current direct-detection experiments for a 1 TeV dark matter mass. The cross-section constraints at higher masses are even better, nearly 7 orders of magnitude better than the current direct-detection constraints for a 100 TeV dark matter mass. This demonstration of sensitivity encourages detailed development of theoretical models in light of these powerful new constraints., United States. Department of Energy (Grant DESC00012567), United States. Department of Energy (Grant DE-SC0013999)
Published: 2018

8. Very high-energy gamma-ray follow-up program using neutrino triggers from IceCube

Author: IceCube Collaboration, Aartsen, M. G., Abraham, K., Ackermann, M., Adams, J., Aguilar, J. A., Ahlers, M., Ahrens, M., Altmann, D., Andeen, K., Anderson, T., Ansseau, I., Anton, G., Archinger, M., Arguelles, C., Auffenberg, J., Axani, S., Bai, X., Barwick, S. W., Baum, V., Bay, R., Beatty, J. J., Becker-Tjus, J., Becker, K. -H, Benzvi, S., Berley, D., Bernardini, E., Bernhard, A., Besson, D. Z., Binder, G., Bindig, D., Bissok, M., Blaufuss, E., Blot, S., Bohm, C., Borner, M., Bos, F., Bose, D., Boser, S., Botner, O., Braun, J., Brayeur, L., Bretz, H. -P, Bron, S., Burgman, A., Carver, T., Casier, M., Cheung, E., Chirkin, D., Christov, A., Clark, K., Classen, L., Coenders, S., Collin, G. H., Conrad, J. M., Cowen, D. F., Cross, R., Day, M., Andre, J. P. A. M., Clercq, C., Del Pino Rosendo, E., Dembinski, H., Ridder, S., Desiati, P., Vries, K. D., Wasseige, G., With, M., Deyoung, T., Diaz-Velez, J. C., Di Lorenzo, V., Dujmovic, H., Dumm, J. P., Dunkman, M., Eberhardt, B., Ehrhardt, T., Eichmann, B., Eller, P., Euler, S., Evenson, P. A., Fahey, S., Fazely, A. R., Feintzeig, J., Felde, J., Filimonov, K., Finley, C., Flis, S., Fosig, C. -C, Franckowiak, A., Franke, R., Friedman, E., Fuchs, T., Gaisser, T. K., Gallagher, J., Gerhardt, L., Ghorbani, K., Giang, W., Gladstone, L., Glauch, T., Glusenkamp, T., Goldschmidt, A., Golup, G., Gonzalez, J. G., Grant, D., Griffith, Z., Haack, C., Haj Ismail, A., Hallgren, A., Halzen, F., Hansen, E., Hansmann, T., Hanson, K., Hebecker, D., Heereman, D., Helbing, K., Hellauer, R., Hickford, S., Hignight, J., Hill, G. C., Hoffman, K. D., Hoffmann, R., Holzapfel, K., Hoshina, K., Huang, F., Huber, M., Hultqvist, K., In, S., Ishihara, A., Jacobi, E., Japaridze, G. S., Jeong, M., Jero, K., Jones, B. J. P., Jurkovic, M., Kappes, A., Karg, T., Karle, A., Katz, U., Kauer, M., Keivani, A., Kelley, J. L., Kheirandish, A., Kim, M., Kintscher, T., Kiryluk, J., Kittler, T., Klein, S. R., Kohnen, G., Koirala, R., Kolanoski, H., Konietz, R., Kopke, L., Kopper, C., Kopper, S., Koskinen, D. J., Kowalski, M., Krings, K., Kroll, M., Kruckl, G., Kruger, C., Kunnen, J., Kunwar, S., Kurahashi, N., Kuwabara, T., Labare, M., Lanfranchi, J. L., Larson, M. J., Lauber, F., Lennarz, D., Lesiak-Bzdak, M., Leuermann, M., Lu, L., Lunemann, J., Madsen, J., Maggi, G., Mahn, K. B. M., Mancina, S., Mandelartz, M., Maruyama, R., Mase, K., Maunu, R., Mcnally, F., Meagher, K., Medici, M., Meier, M., Meli, A., Menne, T., Merino, G., Meures, T., Miarecki, S., Mohrmann, L., Montaruli, T., Moulai, M., Nahnhauer, R., Naumann, U., Neer, G., Niederhausen, H., Nowicki, S. C., Nygren, D. R., Obertacke Pollmann, A., Olivas, A., O Murchadha, A., Palczewski, T., Pandya, H., Pankova, D. V., Peiffer, P., Penek, O., Pepper, J. A., Perez Los Heros, C., Pieloth, D., Pinat, E., Price, P. B., Przybylski, G. T., Quinnan, M., Raab, C., Radel, L., Rameez, M., Rawlins, K., Reimann, R., Relethford, B., Relich, M., Resconi, E., Rhode, W., Richman, M., Riedel, B., Robertson, S., Rongen, M., Rott, C., Ruhe, T., Ryckbosch, D., Rysewyk, D., Sabbatini, L., Sanchez-Herrera, S. E., Sandrock, A., Sandroos, J., Sarkar, S., Satalecka, K., Schlunder, P., Schmidt, T., Schoenen, S., Schoneberg, S., Schumacher, L., Seckel, D., Seunarine, S., Soldin, D., Song, M., Spiczak, G. M., Spiering, C., Stanev, T., Stasik, A., Stettner, J., Steuer, A., Stezelberger, T., Stokstad, R. G., Stossl, A., Strom, R., Strotjohann, N. L., Sullivan, G. W., Sutherland, M., Taavola, H., Taboada, I., Tatar, J., Tenholt, F., Ter-Antonyan, S., Terliuk, A., Tevsic, G., Tilav, S., Toale, P. A., Tobin, M. N., Toscano, S., Tosi, D., Tselengidou, M., Turcati, A., Unger, E., Usner, M., Vandenbroucke, J., Eijndhoven, N., Vanheule, S., Rossem, M., Santen, J., Veenkamp, J., Vehring, M., Voge, M., Vogel, E., Vraeghe, M., Walck, C., Wallace, A., Wallraff, M., Wandkowsky, N., Weaver, Ch, Weiss, M. J., Wendt, C., Westerhoff, S., Whelan, B. J., Wickmann, S., Wiebe, K., Wiebusch, C. H., Wille, L., Williams, D. R., Wills, L., Wolf, M., Wood, T. R., Woolsey, E., Woschnagg, K., Xu, D. L., Xu, X. W., Xu, Y., Yanez, J. P., Yodh, G., Yoshida, S., Zoll, M., Magic, Collaboration, Ahnen, M. L., Ansoldi, S., Antonelli, L. A., Antoranz, P., Babic, A., Banerjee, B., Bangale, P., Barres Almeida, U., Barrio, J. A., Becerra Gonzalez, J., Bednarek, W., Berti, A., Biasuzzi, B., Biland, A., Blanch, O., Bonnefoy, S., Bonnoli, G., Borracci, F., Bretz, T., Buson, S., Carosi, A., Chatterjee, A., Clavero, R., Colin, P., Colombo, E., Contreras, J. L., Cortina, J., Covino, S., Da Vela, P., Dazzi, F., Angelis, A., Lotto, B., Ona Wilhelmi, E., Di Pierro, F., Doert, M., Dominguez, A., Dominis Prester, D., Dorner, D., Michele Doro, Einecke, S., Eisenacher Glawion, D., Elsaesser, D., Engelkemeier, M., Fallah Ramazani, V., Fernandez-Barral, A., Fidalgo, D., Fonseca, M. V., Font, L., Frantzen, K., Fruck, C., Galindo, D., Garcia Lopez, R. J., Garczarczyk, M., Garrido Terrats, D., Gaug, M., Giammaria, P., Godinovic, N., Gonzalez Munoz, A., Gora, D., Guberman, D., Hadasch, D., Hahn, A., Hanabata, Y., Hayashida, M., Herrera, J., Hose, J., Hrupec, D., Hughes, G., Idec, W., Kodani, K., Konno, Y., Kubo, H., Kushida, J., La Barbera, A., Lelas, D., Lindfors, E., Lombardi, S., Longo, F., Lopez, M., Lopez-Coto, R., Majumdar, P., Makariev, M., Mallot, K., Maneva, G., Manganaro, M., Mannheim, K., Maraschi, L., Marcote, B., Mariotti, M., Martinez, M., Mazin, D., Menzel, U., Miranda, J. M., Mirzoyan, R., Moralejo, A., Moretti, E., Nakajima, D., Neustroev, V., Niedzwiecki, A., Nievas Rosillo, M., Nilsson, K., Nishijima, K., Noda, K., Nogues, L., Overkemping, A., Paiano, S., Palacio, J., Palatiello, M., Paneque, D., Paoletti, R., Paredes, J. M., Paredes-Fortuny, X., Pedaletti, G., Peresano, M., Perri, L., Persic, M., Poutanen, J., Prada Moroni, P. G., Prandini, E., Puljak, I., Reichardt, I., Ribo, M., Rico, J., Rodriguez Garcia, J., Saito, T., Schroeder, S., Schultz, C., Schweizer, T., Shore, S. N., Sillanpaa, A., Sitarek, J., Snidaric, I., Sobczynska, D., Stamerra, A., Steinbring, T., Strzys, M., Suric, T., Takalo, L., Tavecchio, F., Temnikov, P., Terzic, T., Tescaro, D., Teshima, M., Thaele, J., Torres, D. F., Toyama, T., Treves, A., Vanzo, G., Verguilov, V., Vovk, I., Ward, J. E., Will, M., Wu, M. H., Zanin, R., Veritas, Collaboration, Abeysekara, A. U., Archambault, S., Archer, A., Benbow, W., Bird, R., Bourbeau, E., Buchovecky, M., Bugaev, V., Byrum, K., Cardenzana, J. V., Cerruti, M., Ciupik, L., Connolly, M. P., Cui, W., Dickinson, H. J., Dumm, J., Eisch, J. D., Errando, M., Falcone, A., Feng, Q., Finley, J. P., Fleischhack, H., Flinders, A., Fortson, L., Furniss, A., Gillanders, G. H., Griffin, S., Grube, J., Hutten, M., Haakansson, N., Hervet, O., Holder, J., Humensky, T. B., Johnson, C. A., Kaaret, P., Kar, P., Kelley-Hoskins, N., Kertzman, M., Kieda, D., Krause, M., Krennrich, F., Kumar, S., Lang, M. J., Maier, G., Mcarthur, S., Mccann, A., Moriarty, P., Mukherjee, R., Nguyen, T., Nieto, D., O Brien, S., Ong, R. A., Otte, A. N., Park, N., Pohl, M., Popkow, A., Pueschel, E., Quinn, J., Ragan, K., Reynolds, P. T., Richards, G. T., Roache, E., Rulten, C., Sadeh, I., Santander, M., Sembroski, G. H., Shahinyan, K., Staszak, D., Telezhinsky, I., Tucci, J. V., Tyler, J., Wakely, S. P., Weinstein, A., Wilcox, P., Wilhelm, A., Williams, D. A., Zitzer, B., Vriendenkring VUB, Physics, Elementary Particle Physics, Universitat de Barcelona, Aartsen, M. G., Abraham, K., Ackermann, M., Adams, J., Aguilar, J. A., Ahlers, M., Ahrens, M., Altmann, D., Andeen, K., Anderson, T., Ansseau, I., Anton, G., Archinger, M., Argï¿½elles, C., Auffenberg, J., Axani, S., Bai, X., Barwick, S. W., Baum, V., Bay, R., Beatty, J. J., Becker Tjus, J., Becker, K. -H., Benzvi, S., Berley, D., Bernardini, E., Bernhard, A., Besson, D. Z., Binder, G., Bindig, D., Bissok, M., Blaufuss, E., Blot, S., Bohm, C., Bï¿½rner, M., Bos, F., Bose, D., Bï¿½ser, S., Botner, O., Braun, J., Brayeur, L., Bretz, H. -P., Bron, S., Burgman, A., Carver, T., Casier, M., Cheung, E., Chirkin, D., Christov, A., Clark, K., Classen, L., Coenders, S., Collin, G. H., Conrad, J. M., Cowen, D. F., Cross, R., Day, M., De Andrï¿½, J. P. A. M., De Clercq, C., Del Pino Rosendo, E., Dembinski, H., De Ridder, S., Desiati, P., De Vries, K. D., De Wasseige, G., De With, M., Deyoung, T., Dï¿½az-Vï¿½lez, J. C., Di Lorenzo, V., Dujmovic, H., Dumm, J. P., Dunkman, M., Eberhardt, B., Ehrhardt, T., Eichmann, B., Eller, P., Euler, S., Evenson, P. A., Fahey, S., Fazely, A. R., Feintzeig, J., Felde, J., Filimonov, K., Finley, C., Flis, S., Fï¿½sig, C. -C., Franckowiak, A., Franke, R., Friedman, E., Fuchs, T., Gaisser, T. K., Gallagher, J., Gerhardt, L., Ghorbani, K., Giang, W., Gladstone, L., Glauch, T., Glï¿½senkamp, T., Goldschmidt, A., Golup, G., Gonzalez, J. G., Grant, D., Griffith, Z., Haack, C., Haj Ismail, A., Hallgren, A., Halzen, F., Hansen, E., Hansmann, T., Hanson, K., Hebecker, D., Heereman, D., Helbing, K., Hellauer, R., Hickford, S., Hignight, J., Hill, G. C., Hoffman, K. D., Hoffmann, R., Holzapfel, K., Hoshina, K., Huang, F., Huber, M., Hultqvist, K., In, S., Ishihara, A., Jacobi, E., Japaridze, G. S., Jeong, M., Jero, K., Jones, B. J. P., Jurkovic, M., Kappes, A., Karg, T., Karle, A., Katz, U., Kauer, M., Keivani, A., Kelley, J. L., Kheirandish, A., Kim, M., Kintscher, T., Kiryluk, J., Kittler, T., Klein, S. R., Kohnen, G., Koirala, R., Kolanoski, H., Konietz, R., Kï¿½pke, L., Kopper, C., Kopper, S., Koskinen, D. J., Kowalski, M., Krings, K., Kroll, M., Krï¿½ckl, G., Krï¿½ger, C., Kunnen, J., Kunwar, S., Kurahashi, N., Kuwabara, T., Labare, M., Lanfranchi, J. L., Larson, M. J., Lauber, F., Lennarz, D., Lesiak-Bzdak, M., Leuermann, M., Lu, L., Lï¿½nemann, J., Madsen, J., Maggi, G., Mahn, K. B. M., Mancina, S., Mandelartz, M., Maruyama, R., Mase, K., Maunu, R., Mcnally, F., Meagher, K., Medici, M., Meier, M., Meli, A., Menne, T., Merino, G., Meures, T., Miarecki, S., Mohrmann, L., Montaruli, T., Moulai, M., Nahnhauer, R., Naumann, U., Neer, G., Niederhausen, H., Nowicki, S. C., Nygren, D. R., Obertacke Pollmann, A., Olivas, A., O'Murchadha, A., Palczewski, T., Pandya, H., Pankova, D. V., Peiffer, P., Penek, O., Pepper, J. A., Pï¿½rez De Los Heros, C., Pieloth, D., Pinat, E., Price, P. B., Przybylski, G. T., Quinnan, M., Raab, C., Rï¿½del, L., Rameez, M., Rawlins, K., Reimann, R., Relethford, B., Relich, M., Resconi, E., Rhode, W., Richman, M., Riedel, B., Robertson, S., Rongen, M., Rott, C., Ruhe, T., Ryckbosch, D., Rysewyk, D., Sabbatini, L., Sanchez Herrera, S. E., Sandrock, A., Sandroos, J., Sarkar, S., Satalecka, K., Schlunder, P., Schmidt, T., Schoenen, S., Schï¿½neberg, S., Schumacher, L., Seckel, D., Seunarine, S., Soldin, D., Song, M., Spiczak, G. M., Spiering, C., Stanev, T., Stasik, A., Stettner, J., Steuer, A., Stezelberger, T., Stokstad, R. G., Stï¿½ï¿½l, A., Strï¿½m, R., Strotjohann, N. L., Sullivan, G. W., Sutherland, M., Taavola, H., Taboada, I., Tatar, J., Tenholt, F., Ter-Antonyan, S., Terliuk, A., Tesic, G., Tilav, S., Toale, P. A., Tobin, M. N., Toscano, S., Tosi, D., Tselengidou, M., Turcati, A., Unger, E., Usner, M., Vandenbroucke, J., Van Eijndhoven, N., Vanheule, S., Van Rossem, M., Van Santen, J., Veenkamp, J., Vehring, M., Voge, M., Vogel, E., Vraeghe, M., Walck, C., Wallace, A., Wallraff, M., Wandkowsky, N., Weaver, Ch., Weiss, M. J., Wendt, C., Westerhoff, S., Whelan, B. J., Wickmann, S., Wiebe, K., Wiebusch, C. H., Wille, L., Williams, D. R., Wills, L., Wolf, M., Wood, T. R., Woolsey, E., Woschnagg, K., Xu, D. L., Xu, X. W., Xu, Y., Yanez, J. P., Yodh, G., Yoshida, S., Zoll, M., Ahnen, M. L., Ansoldi, S., Antonelli, L. A., Antoranz, P., Babic, A., Banerjee, B., Bangale, P., Barres De Almeida, U., Barrio, J. A., Becerra Gonzï¿½lez, J., Bednarek, W., Berti, A., Biasuzzi, B., Biland, A., Blanch, O., Bonnefoy, S., Bonnoli, G., Borracci, F., Bretz, T., Buson, S., Carosi, A., Chatterjee, A., Clavero, R., Colin, P., Colombo, E., Contreras, J. L., Cortina, J., Covino, S., Da Vela, P., Dazzi, F., De Angelis, A., De Lotto, B., De Ona Wilhelmi, E., Di Pierro, F., Doert, M., Domï¿½nguez, A., Dominis Prester, D., Dorner, D., Doro, M., Einecke, S., Eisenacher Glawion, D., Elsaesser, D., Engelkemeier, M., Ramazani Fallah, V., Fernï¿½ndez-Barral, A., Fidalgo, D., Fonseca, M. V., Font, L., Frantzen, K., Fruck, C., Galindo, D., Garcï¿½a Lopez, R. J., Garczarczyk, M., Garrido Terrats, D., Gaug, M., Giammaria, P., Godinovic, N., Gonzï¿½lez Munoz, A., Gora, D., Guberman, D., Hadasch, D., Hahn, A., Hanabata, Y., Hayashida, M., Herrera, J., Hose, J., Hrupec, D., Hughes, G., Idec, W., Kodani, K., Konno, Y., Kubo, H., Kushida, J., La Barbera, A., Lelas, D., Lindfors, E., Lombardi, S., Longo, F., Lopez, M., Lopez-Coto, R., Majumdar, P., Makariev, M., Mallot, K., Maneva, G., Manganaro, M., Mannheim, K., Maraschi, L., Marcote, B., Mariotti, M., Martï¿½nez, M., Mazin, D., Menzel, U., Miranda, J. M., Mirzoyan, R., Moralejo, A., Moretti, E., Nakajima, D., Neustroev, V., Niedzwiecki, A., Nievas Rosillo, M., Nilsson, K., Nishijima, K., Noda, K., Noguï¿½s, L., Overkemping, A., Paiano, S., Palacio, J., Palatiello, M., Paneque, D., Paoletti, R., Paredes, J. M., Paredes-Fortuny, X., Pedaletti, G., Peresano, M., Perri, L., Persic, M., Poutanen, J., Prada Moroni, P. G., Prandini, E., Puljak, I., Reichardt, I., Ribo, M., Rico, J., Rodriguez Garcia, J., Saito, T., Schroeder, S., Schultz, C., Schweizer, T., Sillanpï¿½ï¿½, A., Sitarek, J., Snidaric, I., Sobczynska, D., Stamerra, A., Steinbring, T., Strzys, M., Suric, T., Takalo, L., Tavecchio, F., Temnikov, P., Terzic, T., Tescaro, D., Teshima, M., Thaele, J., Torres, D. F., Toyama, T., Treves, A., Vanzo, G., Verguilov, V., Vovk, I., Ward, J. E., Will, M., Wu, M. H., Zanin, R., Abeysekara, A. U., Archambault, S., Archer, A., Benbow, W., Bird, R., Bourbeau, E., Buchovecky, M., Bugaev, V., Byrum, K., Cardenzana, J. V., Cerruti, M., Ciupik, L., Connolly, M. P., Cui, W., Dickinson, H. J., Dumm, J., Eisch, J. D., Errando, M., Falcone, A., Feng, Q., Finley, J. P., Fleischhack, H., Flinders, A., Fortson, L., Furniss, A., Gillanders, G. H., Griffin, S., Grube, J., Hï¿½tten, M., Hakansson, N., Hervet, O., Holder, J., Humensky, T. B., Johnson, C. A., Kaaret, P., Kar, P., Kelley-Hoskins, N., Kertzman, M., Kieda, D., Krause, M., Krennrich, F., Kumar, S., Lang, M. J., Maier, G., Mcarthur, S., Mccann, A., Moriarty, P., Mukherjee, R., Nguyen, T., Nieto, D., O'Brien, S., Ong, R. A., Otte, A. N., Park, N., Pohl, M., Popkow, A., Pueschel, E., Quinn, J., Ragan, K., Reynolds, P. T., Richards, G. T., Roache, E., Rulten, C., Sadeh, I., Santander, M., Sembroski, G. H., Shahinyan, K., Staszak, D., Telezhinsky, I., Tucci, J. V., Tyler, J., Wakely, S. P., Weinstein, A., Wilcox, P., Wilhelm, A., Williams, D. A., Zitzer, B., Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Physics, Arguelles Delgado, Carlos A, Axani, Spencer Nicholas, Collin G. H., Conrad, Janet Marie, Jones, Benjamin James Poyner, and Moulai, Marjon H.
Subjects: High energy, Particle physics, Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, Gamma telescope, media_common.quotation_subject, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Gamma telescopes, FOS: Physical sciences, 01 natural sciences, Neutrino detectors, Instrumentation, Mathematical Physics, Online analysis, High Energy Physics - Experiment, Neutrino detector, High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex), Raigs gamma, 0103 physical sciences, MAGIC (telescope), ddc:610, Neutrins, Neutrinos, Blazar, Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM), 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, media_common, High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE), Physics, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Gamma rays, Gamma ray, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Astronomy, Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det), Sky, Física nuclear, Neutrino, Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, neutrino detectors, gamma telescopes
Abstract: Journal of Instrumentation 11(11), P11009(2016). doi:10.1088/1748-0221/11/11/P11009, We describe and report the status of a neutrino-triggered program in IceCube that generates real-time alerts for gamma-ray follow-up observations by atmospheric-Cherenkov telescopes (MAGIC and VERITAS). While IceCube is capable of monitoring the whole sky continuously, high-energy gamma-ray telescopes have restricted fields of view and in general are unlikely to be observing a potential neutrino-flaring source at the time such neutrinos are recorded. The use of neutrino-triggered alerts thus aims at increasing the availability of simultaneous multi-messenger data during potential neutrino flaring activity, which can increase the discovery potential and constrain the phenomenological interpretation of the high-energy emission of selected source classes (e.g. blazars). The requirements of a fast and stable online analysis of potential neutrino signals and its operation are presented, along with first results of the program operating between 14 March 2012 and 31 December 2015., Published by Inst. of Physics, London
Published: 2017
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9. Constraints on the Emission of Gamma-Rays from M31 with HAWC

Author: HAWC Collaboration, Albert, A., Alfaro, R., Alvarez, C., Arteaga-Vel��zquez, J. C., Arunbabu, K. P., Rojas, D. Avila, Solares, H. A. Ayala, Belmont-Moreno, E., BenZvi, S. Y., Brisbois, C., Caballero-Mora, K. S., Capistr��n, T., Carrami��ana, A., Casanova, S., Cotti, U., Cotzomi, J., de Le��n, S. Couti��o, De la Fuente, E., de Le��n, C., Dichiara, S., Dingus, B. L., DuVernois, M. A., Engel, K., Espinoza, C., Fleischhack, H., Fraija, N., Galv��n-G��mez, A., Garc��a-Aguilar, D., Garc��a-Gonz��lez, J. A., Garfias, F., Gonz��lez, M. M., Goodman, J. A., Harding, J. P., Hernandez, S., Hona, B., Huang, D., Hueyotl-Zahuantitla, F., H��ntemeyer, P., Iriarte, A., Jardin-Blicq, A., Joshi, V., Kieda, D., Lee, W. H., Vargas, H. Le��n, Longinotti, A. L., Luis-Raya, G., Malone, K., Marinelli, S. S., Martinez, O., Martinez-Castellanos, I., Mart��nez-Castro, J., Matthews, J. A., Miranda-Romagnoli, P., Morales-Soto, J. A., Moreno, E., Mostaf��, M., Nayerhoda, A., Nellen, L., Newbold, M., Noriega-Papaqui, R., Peisker, A., P��rez-P��rez, E. G., Ren, Z., Rho, C. D., Rosa-Gonz��lez, D., Rosenberg, M., Rubenzahl, R., Salazar, H., Greus, F. Salesa, Sandoval, A., Schneider, M., Sinnis, G., Smith, A. J., Springer, R. W., Surajbali, P., Tabachnick, E., Tibolla, O., Tollefson, K., Torres, I., Villase��or, L., Wood, J., Yapici, T., Zepeda, A., and Zhou, H.
Subjects: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE), Physics, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Andromeda Galaxy, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Milky Way, Gamma ray, FOS: Physical sciences, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Cosmic ray, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, Astrophysics, Galactic plane, 01 natural sciences, Galaxy, Interstellar medium, Space and Planetary Science, 0103 physical sciences, Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, Astrophysics::Galaxy Astrophysics, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope
Abstract: Cosmic rays, along with stellar radiation and magnetic fields, are known to make up a significant fraction of the energy density of galaxies such as the Milky Way. When cosmic rays interact in the interstellar medium, they produce gamma-ray emission which provides an important indication of how the cosmic rays propagate. Gamma rays from the Andromeda Galaxy (M31), located 785 kpc away, provide a unique opportunity to study cosmic-ray acceleration and diffusion in a galaxy with a structure and evolution very similar to the Milky Way. Using 33 months of data from the High Altitude Water Cherenkov Observatory, we search for TeV gamma rays from the galactic plane of M31. We also investigate past and present evidence of galactic activity in M31 by searching for Fermi Bubble-like structures above and below the galactic nucleus. No significant gamma-ray emission is observed, so we use the null result to compute upper limits on the energy density of cosmic rays $>10$ TeV in M31. The computed upper limits are approximately ten times higher than expected from the extrapolation of the Fermi LAT results., Accepted for publication in ApJ
Published: 2020

10. Multiwavelength study of quiescent states of MRK 421 with unprecedented hard x-ray coverage provided by NuSTAR in 2013

Author: Baloković, M., Paneque, D., Madejski, G., Furniss, A., Chiang, J., the NuSTAR team, Ajello, M., Alexander, D. M., Barret, D., Blandford, R., Boggs, S. E., Christensen, F. E., Craig, W. W., Forster, K., Giommi, P., Grefenstette, B. W., Hailey, C. J., Harrison, F. A., Hornstrup, A., Kitaguchi, T., Koglin, J. E., Madsen, K. K., Mao, P. H., Miyasaka, H., Mori, K., Perri, M., Pivovaroff, M. J., Simonetta Puccetti, Rana, V., Stern, D., Tagliaferri, G., Urry, C. M., Westergaard, N. J., Zhang, W. W., Zoglauer, A., Veritas, The Collaboration, Archambault, S., Archer, A. A., Barnacka, A., Benbow, W., Bird, R., Buckley, J., Bugaev, V., Cerruti, M., Chen, X., Ciupik, L., Connolly, M. P., Cui, W., Dickinson, H. J., Dumm, J., Eisch, J. D., Falcone, A., Feng, Q., Finley, J. P., Fleischhack, H., Fortson, L., Griffin, S., Griffiths, S. T., Grube, J., Gyuk, G., Huetten, M., Haakansson, N., Holder, J., Humensky, T. B., Johnson, C. A., Kaaret, P., Kertzman, M., Khassen, Y., Kieda, D., Krause, M., Krennrich, F., Lang, M. J., Maier, G., Mcarthur, S., Meagher, K., Moriarty, P., Nelson, T., Nieto, D., Ong, R. A., Park, N., Pohl, M., Popkow, A., Pueschel, E., Reynolds, P. T., Richards, G. T., Roache, E., Santander, M., Sembroski, G. H., Shahinyan, K., Smith, A. W., Staszak, D., Telezhinsky, I., Todd, N. W., Tucci, J. V., Tyler, J., Vincent, S., Weinstein, A., Wilhelm, A., Williams, D. A., Zitzer, B., Magic, The Collaboration, Ahnen, M. L., Ansoldi, S., Antonelli, L. A., Antoranz, P., Babic, A., Banerjee, B., Bangale, P., Barres Almeida, U., Barrio, J., Becerra González, J., Bednarek, W., Bernardini, E., Biasuzzi, B., Biland, A., Blanch, O., Bonnefoy, S., Bonnoli, G., Borracci, F., Bretz, T., Carmona, E., Carosi, A., Chatterjee, A., Clavero, R., Colin, P., Colombo, E., Contreras, J. L., Cortina, J., Covino, S., Da Vela, P., Dazzi, F., Angelis, A., Lotto, B., Oña Wilhelmi, E. D., Delgado Mendez, C., Di Pierro, F., Dominis Prester, D., Dorner, D., Doro, M., Einecke, S., Elsaesser, D., Fernández-Barral, A., Fidalgo, D., Fonseca, M. V., Font, L., Frantzen, K., Fruck, C., Galindo, D., García López, R. J., Garczarczyk, M., Garrido Terrats, D., Gaug, M., Giammaria, P., Eisenacher, D., Godinović, N., González Muñoz, A., Guberman, D., Hahn, A., Hanabata, Y., Hayashida, M., Herrera, J., Hose, J., Hrupec, D., Hughes, G., Idec, W., Kodani, K., Konno, Y., Kubo, H., Kushida, J., La Barbera, A., Lelas, D., Lindfors, E., Lombardi, S., Longo, F., López, M., López-Coto, R., López-Oramas, A., Lorenz, E., Majumdar, P., Makariev, M., Mallot, K., Maneva, G., Manganaro, M., Mannheim, K., Maraschi, L., Marcote, B., Mariotti, M., Martínez, M., Mazin, D., Menzel, U., Miranda, J. M., Mirzoyan, R., Moralejo, A., Moretti, E., Nakajima, D., Neustroev, V., Niedzwiecki, A., Nievas-Rosillo, M., Nilsson, K., Nishijima, K., Noda, K., Orito, R., Overkemping, A., Paiano, S., Palacio, S., Palatiello, M., Paoletti, R., Paredes, J. M., Paredes-Fortuny, X., Persic, M., Poutanen, J., Prada Moroni, P. G., Prandini, E., Puljak, I., Rhode, W., Ribó, M., Rico, J., Rodriguez Garcia, J., Saito, T., Satalecka, K., Scapin, V., Schultz, C., Schweizer, T., Shore, S. N., Sillanpää, A., Sitarek, J., Snidaric, I., Sobczynska, D., Stamerra, A., Steinbring, T., Strzys, M., Takalo, L. O., Takami, H., Tavecchio, F., Temnikov, P., Terzić, T., Tescaro, D., Teshima, M., Thaele, J., Torres, D. F., Toyama, T., Treves, A., Verguilov, V., Vovk, I., Ward, J. E., Will, M., Wu, M. H., Zanin, R., Collaborators, External, Perkins, J., Verrecchia, F., Leto, C., Böttcher, M., Villata, M., Raiteri, C. M., Acosta-Pulido, J. A., Bachev, R., Berdyugin, A., Blinov, D. A., Carnerero, M. I., Chen, W. P., Chinchilla, P., Damljanovic, G., Eswaraiah, C., Grishina, T. S., Ibryamov, S., Jordan, B., Jorstad, S. G., Joshi, M., Kopatskaya, E. N., Kurtanidze, O. M., Kurtanidze, S. O., Larionova, E. G., Larionova, L. V., Larionov, V. M., Latev, G., Lin, H. C., Marscher, A. P., Mokrushina, A. A., Morozova, D. A., Nikolashvili, M. G., Semkov, E., Strigachev, A., Troitskaya, Yu V., Troitsky, I. S., Vince, O., Barnes, J., Güver, T., Moody, J. W., Sadun, A. C., Sun, S., Hovatta, T., Richards, J. L., Max-Moerbeck, W., Readhead, A. C., Lähteenmäki, A., Tornikoski, M., Tammi, J., Ramakrishnan, V., Reinthal, R., Angelakis, E., Fuhrmann, L., Myserlis, I., Karamanavis, V., Sievers, A., Ungerechts, H., Zensus, J. A., Universitat de Barcelona, Department of Radio Science and Engineering, Aalto-yliopisto, Aalto University, Glawion , D., ~, Baloković, M., Paneque, D., Madejski, G., Furniss, A., Chiang, J., Ajello, M., Alexander, D. M., Barret, D., Blandford, R. D., Boggs, S. E., Christensen, F. E., Craig, W. W., Forster, K., Giommi, P., Grefenstette, B., Hailey, C., Harrison, F. A., Hornstrup, A., Kitaguchi, T., Koglin, J. E., Madsen, K. K., Mao, P. H., Miyasaka, H., Mori, K., Perri, M., Pivovaroff, M. J., Puccetti, S., Rana, V., Stern, D., Tagliaferri, G., Urry, C. M., Westergaard, N. J., Zhang, W. W., Zoglauer, A., Archambault, S., Archer, A., Barnacka, A., Benbow, W., Bird, R., Buckley, J. H., Bugaev, V., Cerruti, M., Chen, X., Ciupik, L., Connolly, M. P., Cui, W., Dickinson, H. J., Dumm, J., Eisch, J. D., Falcone, A., Feng, Q., Finley, J. P., Fleischhack, H., Fortson, L., Griffin, S., Griffiths, S. T., Grube, J., Gyuk, G., Huetten, M., Håkansson, N., Holder, J., Humensky, T. B., Johnson, C. A., Kaaret, P., Kertzman, M., Khassen, Y., Kieda, D., Krause, M., Krennrich, F., Lang, M. J., Maier, G., Mcarthur, S., Meagher, K., Moriarty, P., Nelson, T., Nieto, D., Ong, R. A., Park, N., Pohl, M., Popkow, A., Pueschel, E., Reynolds, P. T., Richards, G. T., Roache, E., Santander, M., Sembroski, G. H., Shahinyan, K., Smith, A. W., Staszak, D., Telezhinsky, I., Todd, N. W., Tucci, J. V., Tyler, J., Vincent, S., Weinstein, A., Wilhelm, A., Williams, D. A., Zitzer, B., Ahnen, M. L., Ansoldi, S., Antonelli, L. A., Antoranz, P., Babic, A., Banerjee, B., Bangale, P., De Almeida, U. Barre, Barrio, J. A., González, J. Becerra, Bednarek, W., Bernardini, E., Biasuzzi, B., Biland, A., Blanch, O., Bonnefoy, S., Bonnoli, G., Borracci, F., Bretz, T., Carmona, E., Carosi, A., Chatterjee, A., Clavero, R., Colin, P., Colombo, E., Contreras, J. L., Cortina, J., Covino, S., Da Vela, P., Dazzi, F., De Angelis, A., De Lotto, B., De Ońa Wilhelmi, E., Mendez, C. Delgado, Di Pierro, F., Prester, D. Domini, Dorner, D., Doro, M., Einecke, S., Elsaesser, D., Fernández Barral, A., Fidalgo, D., Fonseca, M. V., Font, L., Frantzen, K., Fruck, C., Galindo, D., López, R. J. García, Garczarczyk, M., Terrats, D. Garrido, Gaug, M., Giammaria, P., Glawion, D., Godinović, N., González Muñoz, A., Guberman, D., Hahn, A., Hanabata, Y., Hayashida, M., Herrera, J., Hose, J., Hrupec, D., Hughes, G., Idec, W., Kodani, K., Konno, Y., Kubo, H., Kushida, J., La Barbera, A., Lelas, D., Lindfors, E., Lombardi, S., Longo, Francesco, López, M., López Coto, R., López Oramas, A., Lorenz, E., Majumdar, P., Makariev, M., Mallot, K., Maneva, G., Manganaro, M., Mannheim, K., Maraschi, L., Marcote, B., Mariotti, M., Martínez, M., Mazin, D., Menzel, U., Miranda, J. M., Mirzoyan, R., Moralejo, A., Moretti, E., Nakajima, D., Neustroev, V., Niedzwiecki, A., Rosillo, M. Nieva, Nilsson, K., Nishijima, K., Noda, K., Orito, R., Overkemping, A., Paiano, S., Palacio, J., Palatiello, Michele, Paoletti, R., Paredes, J. M., Paredes Fortuny, X., Persic, M., Poutanen, J., Moroni, P. G. Prada, Prandini, E., Puljak, I., Rhode, W., Ribó, M., Rico, J., Garcia, J. Rodriguez, Saito, T., Satalecka, K., Scapin, V., Schultz, C., Schweizer, T., Shore, S. N., Sillanpää, A., Sitarek, J., Snidaric, I., Sobczynska, D., Stamerra, A., Steinbring, T., Strzys, M., Takalo, L., Takami, H., Tavecchio, F., Temnikov, P., Terzić, T., Tescaro, D., Teshima, M., Thaele, J., Torres, D. F., Toyama, T., Treves, A., Verguilov, V., Vovk, I., Ward, J. E., Will, M., Wu, M. H., Zanin, R., Perkins, J., Verrecchia, F., Leto, C., Böttcher, M., Villata, M., Raiteri, C. M., Acosta Pulido, J. A., Bachev, R., Berdyugin, A., Blinov, D. A., Carnerero, M. I., Chen, W. P., Chinchilla, P., Damljanovic, G., Eswaraiah, C., Grishina, T. S., Ibryamov, S., Jordan, B., Jorstad, S. G., Joshi, M., Kopatskaya, E. N., Kurtanidze, O. M., Kurtanidze, S. O., Larionova, E. G., Larionova, L. V., Larionov, V. M., Latev, G., Lin, H. C., Marscher, A. P., Mokrushina, A. A., Morozova, D. A., Nikolashvili, M. G., Semkov, E., Smith, P. S., Strigachev, A., Troitskaya, Y. u. V., Troitsky, I. S., Vince, O., Barnes, J., Güver, T., Moody, J. W., Sadun, A. C., Sun, S., Hovatta, T., Richards, J. L., Max Moerbeck, W., Readhead, A. C. R., Lähteenmäki, A., Tornikoski, M., Tammi, J., Ramakrishnan, V., Reinthal, R., Angelakis, E., Fuhrmann, L., Myserlis, I., Karamanavis, V., Sievers, A., Ungerechts, H., and Zensus, J. A.
Subjects: galaxie [X-rays], Photon, PARTICLE-ACCELERATION, ELECTRON ACCELERATION, BACKGROUND-RADIATION, Astrophysics, Electron, Nonthermal, BL Lacertae objects: individual (Markarian 421), galaxies: active, gamma rays: general, radiation mechanisms: nonthermal, X-rays: galaxies, 01 natural sciences, individual: Markarian 421 [BL Lacertae objects], LARGE-AREA TELESCOPE, individual (Markarian 421) [BL Lacertae objects], law.invention, Raigs gamma, law, MAGNETIC RECONNECTION, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, Physics, High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE), Large area telescope, TEV BLAZARS, gamma, rays: general, ACTIVE GALACTIC NUCLEI, BL LACERTAE OBJECTS, LAC OBJECTS, CORRELATED VARIABILITY, Synchrotron, galaxies [X-rays], Spectral energy distribution, Degree of polarization, Electrónica, Física nuclear, Raigs X, Electricidad, Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, BL Lac object, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Space and Planetary Science, active [Galaxies], Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Particle acceleration, general [Gamma rays], FOS: Physical sciences, Photon energy, 0103 physical sciences, X-rays, Radiation mechanisms, BL Lacertae objects, individual, Markarian 421, galaxies, active, gamma rays, general, radiation mechanisms, nonthermal, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Gamma rays, Astronomy and Astrophysic, nonthermal [Radiation mechanisms], Light curve, Galaxies, Galàxies, Background radiation, ddc:520
Abstract: The astrophysical journal 819(2), 156 (2016). doi:10.3847/0004-637X/819/2/156, We present coordinated multiwavelength observations of the bright, nearby BL Lacertae object Mrk 421 taken in 2013 January–March, involving GASP-WEBT, Swift, NuSTAR, Fermi-LAT, MAGIC, VERITAS, and other collaborations and instruments, providing data from radio to very high energy (VHE) γ-ray bands. NuSTAR yielded previously unattainable sensitivity in the 3–79 keV range, revealing that the spectrum softens when the source is dimmer until the X-ray spectral shape saturates into a steep ${\rm{\Gamma }}\approx 3$ power law, with no evidence for an exponential cutoff or additional hard components up to ~80 keV. For the first time, we observed both the synchrotron and the inverse-Compton peaks of the spectral energy distribution (SED) simultaneously shifted to frequencies below the typical quiescent state by an order of magnitude. The fractional variability as a function of photon energy shows a double-bump structure that relates to the two bumps of the broadband SED. In each bump, the variability increases with energy, which, in the framework of the synchrotron self-Compton model, implies that the electrons with higher energies are more variable. The measured multi band variability, the significant X-ray-to-VHE correlation down to some of the lowest fluxes ever observed in both bands, the lack of correlation between optical/UV and X-ray flux, the low degree of polarization and its significant (random) variations, the short estimated electron cooling time, and the significantly longer variability timescale observed in the NuSTAR light curves point toward in situ electron acceleration and suggest that there are multiple compact regions contributing to the broadband emission of Mrk 421 during low-activity states., Published by Univ.11032, Chicago, Ill. [u.a.]
Published: 2016

11. A search for spectral hysteresis and energy-dependent time lags from X-ray and TeV gamma-ray observations of Mrk 421

Author: Abeysekara, A. U., Archambault, S., Chen, X., De Lotto, B., Wilhelmi, E. de Oña, Di Pierro, F., Doert, M., Domínguez, A., Prester, D. Dominis, Dorner, D., Doro, M., Einecke, S., Glawion, D. Eisenacher, Ciupik, L., Elsaesser, D., Engelkemeier, M., Ramazani, V. Fallah, Fernández-Barral, A., Fidalgo, D., Fonseca, M. V., Font, L., Fruck, C., Galindo, D., López, R. J. García, Connolly, M. P., Garczarczyk, M., Gaug, M., Giammaria, P., Godinović, N., Gora, D., Guberman, D., Hadasch, D., Hahn, A., Hassan, T., Hayashida, M., Cui, W., Herrera, J., Hose, J., Hrupec, D., Hughes, G., Idec, W., Kodani, K., Konno, Y., Kubo, H., Kushida, J., Lelas, D., Eisch, J. D., Lindfors, E., Lombardi, S., Longo, F., López, M., López-Coto, R., Majumdar, P., Makariev, M., Mallot, K., Maneva, G., Manganaro, M., Falcone, A., Mannheim, K., Maraschi, L., Marcote, B., Mariotti, M., Martínez, M., Mazin, D., Menzel, U., Mirzoyan, R., Moralejo, A., Moretti, E., Feng, Q., Nakajima, D., Neustroev, V., Niedzwiecki, A., Rosillo, M. Nievas, Nilsson, K., Nishijima, K., Noda, K., Nogués, L., Nöthe, M., Paiano, S., Finley, J. P., Palacio, J., Palatiello, M., Paneque, D., Paoletti, R., Paredes, J. M., Paredes-Fortuny, X., Pedaletti, G., Peresano, M., Perri, L., Persic, M., Fleischhack, H., Poutanen, J., Moroni, P. G. Prada, Prandini, E., Puljak, I., Garcia, J. R., Reichardt, I., Rhode, W., Ribó, M., Rico, J., Saito, T., Flinders, A., Satalecka, K., Schroeder, S., Schweizer, T., Shore, S. N., Sillanpää, A., Sitarek, J., Snidaric, I., Sobczynska, D., Stamerra, A., Strzys, M., Archer, A., Fortson, L., Surić, T., Takalo, L., Tavecchio, F., Temnikov, P., Terzić, T., Tescaro, D., Teshima, M., Torres, D. F., Torres-Albà, N., Toyama, T., Furniss, A., Treves, A., Vanzo, G., Acosta, M. Vazquez, Vovk, I., Ward, J. E., Will, M., Wu, M. H., Zanin, R., Hovatta, T., Perez, I. de la Calle, Griffin, S., Smith, P. S., Racero, E., Baloković, M., VERITAS Collaboration, MAGIC Collaboration, Hütten, M., Håkansson, N., Hanna, D., Hervet, O., Holder, J., Humensky, T. B., Kaaret, P., Benbow, W., Kar, P., Kertzman, M., Kieda, D., Krause, Maria, Kumar, S., Lang, M. J., Maier, G., McArthur, S., McCann, A., Meagher, K., Bird, R., Moriarty, P., Mukherjee, R., Nieto, D., O'Brien, S., Ong, R. A., Otte, A. N., Park, N., Pelassa, V., Pohl, Martin, Popkow, A., Buchovecky, M., Pueschel, E., Ragan, K., Reynolds, P. T., Richards, G. T., Roache, E., Sadeh, I., Santander, M., Sembroski, G. H., Shahinyan, K., Staszak, D., Buckley, J. H., Telezhinsky, I., Tucci, J. V., Tyler, J., Wakely, S. P., Weinstein, A., Wilhelm, Alina, Williams, D. A., Ahnen, M. L., Ansoldi, S., Antonelli, L. A., Bugaev, V., Antoranz, P., Arcaro, C., Babic, A., Banerjee, B., Bangale, P., de Almeida, U. Barres, Barrio, J. A., González, J. Becerra, Bednarek, W., Bernardini, E., Cardenzana, J. V, Berti, A., Biasuzzi, B., Biland, A., Blanch, O., Bonnefoy, S., Bonnoli, G., Borracci, F., Bretz, T., Carosi, R., Carosi, A., Cerruti, M., Chatterjee, A., Colin, P., Colombo, E., Contreras, J. L., Cortina, J., Covino, S., Cumani, P., Da Vela, P., Dazzi, F., De Angelis, A., Department of Radio Science and Engineering, Aalto-yliopisto, Aalto University, Universitat de Barcelona, Abeysekara, A. U., Archambault, S., Archer, A., Benbow, W., Bird, R., Buchovecky, M., Buckley, J. H., Bugaev, V., Cardenzana, J. V., Cerruti, M., Chen, X., Ciupik, L., Connolly, M. P., Cui, W., Eisch, J. D., Falcone, A., Feng, Q., Finley, J. P., Fleischhack, H., Flinders, A., Fortson, L., Furniss, A., Griffin, S., Hakansson, M. H. N., Hanna, D., Hervet, O., Holder, J., Humensky, T. B., Kaaret, P., Kar, P., Kertzman, M., Kieda, D., Krause, M., Kumar, S., Lang, M. J., Maier, G., Mcarthur, S., Mccann, A., Meagher, K., Moriarty, P., Mukherjee, R., Nieto, D., Ong, S. O. R. A., Otte, A. N., Park, N., Pelassa, V., Pohl, M., Popkow, A., Pueschel, E., Ragan, K., Reynolds, P. T., Richards, G. T., Roache, E., Sadeh, I., Santander, M., Sembroski, G. H., Shahinyan, K., Staszak, D., Telezhinsky, I., Tucci, J. V., Tyler, J., Wakely, S. P., Weinstein, A., Wilhelm, A., Williams, D. A., Ahnen, M. L., Ansoldi, S., Antonelli, L. A., Antoranz, P., Arcaro, C., Babic, A., Banerjee, B., Bangale, P., Almeida, U. Barres De, Barrio, J. A., González, J. Becerra, Bednarek, W., Bernardini, E., Berti, Alessio, Biasuzzi, B., Biland, A., Blanch, O., Bonnefoy, S., Bonnoli, G., Borracci, F., Bretz, T., Carosi, R., Carosi, A., Chatterjee, A., Colin, P., Colombo, E., Contreras, J. L., Cortina, J., Covino, S., Cumani, P., Da Vela, P., Dazzi, F., De Angelis, A., De Lotto, B., De Ona Wilhelmi, E., Di Pierro, F., Doert, M., Domínguez, A., Prester, D. Domini, Dorner, D., Doro, M., Einecke, S., Glawion, D. Eisenacher, Elsaesser, D., Engelkemeier, M., Ramazani, V. Fallah, Fernández Barral, A., Fidalgo, D., Fonseca, M. V., Font, L., Fruck, C., Galindo, D., López, R. J. García, Garczarczyk, M., Gaug, M., Giammaria, P., Godinović, N., Gora, D., Guberman, D., Hadasch, D., Hahn, A., Hassan, T., Hayashida, M., Herrera, J., Hose, J., Hrupec, D., Hughes, G., Idec, W., Kodani, K., Konno, Y., Kubo, H., Kushida, J., Lelas, D., Lindfors, E., Lombardi, S., Longo, Francesco, López, M., López Coto, R., Majumdar, P., Makariev, M., Mallot, K., Maneva, G., Manganaro, M., Mannheim, K., Maraschi, L., Marcote, B., Mariotti, M., Martínez, M., Mazin, D., Menzel, U., Mirzoyan, R., Moralejo, A., Moretti, E., Nakajima, D., Neustroev, V., Niedzwiecki, A., Rosillo, M. Nieva, Nilsson, K., Nishijima, K., Noda, K., Nogués, L., Nöthe, M., Paiano, S., Palacio, J., Palatiello, Michele, Paneque, D., Paoletti, R., Paredes, J. M., Paredes Fortuny, X., Pedaletti, G., Peresano, M., Perri, L., Persic, M., Poutanen, J., Moroni, P. G. Prada, Prandini, E., Puljak, I., Garcia, J. R., Reichardt, I., Rhode, W., Ribó, M., Rico, J., Saito, T., Satalecka, K., Schroeder, S., Schweizer, T., Shore, S. N., Sillanp, A., Sitarek, J., Snidaric, I., Sobczynska, D., Stamerra, A., Strzys, M., Surić, T., Takalo, L., Tavecchio, F., Temnikov, P., Terzić, T., Tescaro, D., Teshima, M., Torres, D. F., Torres Albà, N., Toyama, T., Treves, A., Vanzo, G., Acosta, M. Vazquez, Vovk, I., Ward, J. E., Will, M., Wu, M. H., Zanin, R., Hovatta, T., De La Calle Perez, I., Smith, P. S., Racero, E., and Baloković, M.
Subjects: bl-lacertae objects, blazars, Astrophysics, telescope, 01 natural sciences, Spectral line, individual (Markarian 421) [BL Lacertae objects], law.invention, Raigs gamma, law, emission, MAGIC (telescope), 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE), Physics, Spectral index, Gamma ray, Radius, lac objects, non-thermal [radiation mechanisms], Synchrotron, xmm-newton, BL Lacertae objects: individual (Markarian 421), galaxies: active, gamma rays: general, radiation mechanisms: non-thermal, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Space and Planetary Science, correlated variability, active [galaxies], Física nuclear, Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, multiwavelength observations, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, FOS: Physical sciences, 0103 physical sciences, Blazar, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Gamma rays, Spectral density, Astronomy and Astrophysic, Galaxies, Galàxies, active galactic nuclei, markarian-421, ddc:520, galaxies: active – BL Lacertae objects: individual: (Markarian 421), general [gamma rays]
Abstract: The astrophysical journal 834(1), 2 (2017). doi:10.3847/1538-4357/834/1/2, Blazars are variable emitters across all wavelengths over a wide range of timescales, from months down to minutes. It is therefore essential to observe blazars simultaneously at different wavelengths, especially in the X-ray and gamma-ray bands, where the broadband spectral energy distributions usually peak. In this work, we report on three "target-of-opportunity" observations of Mrk 421, one of the brightest TeV blazars, triggered by a strong flaring event at TeV energies in 2014. These observations feature long, continuous, and simultaneous exposures with XMM-Newton (covering the X-ray and optical/ultraviolet bands) and VERITAS (covering the TeV gamma-ray band), along with contemporaneous observations from other gamma-ray facilities (MAGIC and Fermi-Large Area Telescope) and a number of radio and optical facilities. Although neither rapid flares nor significant X-ray/TeV correlation are detected, these observations reveal subtle changes in the X-ray spectrum of the source over the course of a few days. We search the simultaneous X-ray and TeV data for spectral hysteresis patterns and time delays, which could provide insight into the emission mechanisms and the source properties (e.g., the radius of the emitting region, the strength of the magnetic field, and related timescales). The observed broadband spectra are consistent with a one-zone synchrotron self-Compton model. We find that the power spectral density distribution at $\gtrsim$ 4 × 10$^{−4}$ Hz from the X-ray data can be described by a power-law model with an index value between 1.2 and 1.8, and do not find evidence for a steepening of the power spectral index (often associated with a characteristic length scale) compared to the previously reported values at lower frequencies., Published by IOP Publ., Chicago, Ill. [u.a.]
Published: 2016
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12. Deep broadband observations of the distant gamma-ray blazar PKS 1424+240

Author: Archambault, S., Aune, T., Cardenzana, J. V, de Palma, F., Dermer, C. D., Digel, S. W., Di Venere, L., Drell, P. S., Favuzzi, C., Franckowiak, A., Fusco, P., Gargano, F., Gasparrini, D., Cerruti, M., Giglietto, N., Giordano, Francesca, Giroletti, M., Grenier, I. A., Guiriec, S., Jogler, T., Kuss, M., Larsson, S., Latronico, L., Longo, F., Chen, X., Loparco, F., Lubrano, P., Madejski, G. M., Mayer, M., Mazziotta, M. N., Michelson, P. F., Mizuno, T., Monzani, M. E., Morselli, A., Murgia, S., Ciupik, L., Nuss, E., Ohsugi, T., Ormes, J. F., Paneque, D., Perkins, J. S., Piron, F., Pivato, G., Rainò, S., Razzano, M., Reimer, A., Connolly, M. P., Reimer, O., Ritz, S., Schaal, M., Sgrò, C., Siskind, E. J., Spinelli, P., Takahashi, H., Tibaldo, L., Tinivella, M., Troja, E., Cui, W., Vianello, G., Werner, M., Wood, M., VERITAS Collaboration, Fermi-LAT Collaboration, Dumm, J., Errando, M., Falcone, A., Federici, S., Behera, B., Feng, Q., Finley, J. P., Fleischhack, H., Fortson, L., Furniss, A., Galante, N., Gillanders, G. H., Griffin, S., Griffiths, S. T., Grube, J., Beilicke, M., Gyuk, G., Hanna, D., Holder, J., Hughes, G., Humensky, T. B., Johnson, C. A., Kaaret, P., Kertzman, M., Khassen, Y., Kieda, D., Benbow, W., Krawczynski, H., Krennrich, F., Kumar, S., Lang, M. J., Madhavan, A. S, Maier, G., McCann, A., Meagher, K., Moriarty, P., Mukherjee, R., Berger, K., Nieto, D., de Bhróithe, A. O'Faoláin, Ong, R. A., Otte, A. N., Park, N., Pohl, M., Popkow, A., Prokoph, H., Quinn, J., Ragan, K., Bird, R., Rajotte, J., Reyes, L. C., Reynolds, P. T., Richards, G. T., Roache, E., Sembroski, G. H., Shahinyan, K., Staszak, D., Telezhinsky, I., Tucci, J. V., Biteau, J., Tyler, J., Varlotta, A., Vassiliev, V. V., Vincent, S., Wakely, S. P., Weinstein, A., Welsing, R., Wilhelm, A., Williams, D. A., Ackermann, M., Bugaev, V., Ajello, M., Albert, A., Baldini, L., Bastieri, D., Bellazzini, R., Bissaldi, E., Bregeon, J., Buehler, R., Buson, S., Caliandro, G. A., Byrum, K., Cameron, R. A., Caraveo, P. A., Cavazzuti, E., Charles, E., Chiang, J., Ciprini, S., Claus, R., Cutini, S., D'Ammando, F., de Angelis, A., Laboratoire Univers et Particules de Montpellier (LUPM), Université de Montpellier (UM)-Université Montpellier 2 - Sciences et Techniques (UM2)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Astrophysique Interprétation Modélisation (AIM (UMR_7158 / UMR_E_9005 / UM_112)), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7), VERITAS, Fermi-LAT, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Montpellier 2 - Sciences et Techniques (UM2), Archambault, S., Aune, T., Behera, B., Beilicke, M., Benbow, W., Berger, K., Bird, R., Biteau, J., Bugaev, V., Byrum, K., Cardenzana, J. V., Cerruti, M., Chen, X., Ciupik, L., Connolly, M. P., Cui, W., Dumm, J., Errando, M., Falcone, A., Federici, S., Feng, Q., Finley, J. P., Fleischhack, H., Fortson, L., Furniss, A., Galante, N., Gillanders, G. H., Griffin, S., Griffiths, S. T., Grube, J., Gyuk, G., Hanna, D., Holder, J., Hughes, G., Humensky, T. B., Johnson, C. A., Kaaret, P., Kertzman, M., Khassen, Y., Kieda, D., Krawczynski, H., Krennrich, F., Kumar, S., Lang, M. J., Madhavan, A. S., Maier, G., Mccann, A., Meagher, K., Moriarty, P., Mukherjee, R., Nieto, D., De Bhróithe, A. O'Faoláin, Ong, R. A., Otte, A. N., Park, N., Pohl, M., Popkow, A., Prokoph, H., Quinn, J., Ragan, K., Rajotte, J., Reyes, L. C., Reynolds, P. T., Richards, G. T., Roache, E., Sembroski, G. H., Shahinyan, K., Staszak, D., Telezhinsky, I., Tucci, J. V., Tyler, J., Varlotta, A., Vassiliev, V. V., Vincent, S., Wakely, S. P., Weinstein, A., Welsing, R., Wilhelm, A., Williams, D. A., Ackermann, M., Ajello, M., Albert, A., Baldini, L., Bastieri, D., Bellazzini, R., Bissaldi, Elisabetta, Bregeon, J., Buehler, R., Buson, S., Caliandro, G. A., Cameron, R. A., Caraveo, P. A., Cavazzuti, E., Charles, E., Chiang, J., Ciprini, S., Claus, R., Cutini, S., D'Ammando, F., De Angelis, A., De Palma, F., Dermer, C. D., Digel, S. W., Di Venere, L., Drell, P. S., Favuzzi, C., Franckowiak, A., Fusco, P., Gargano, F., Gasparrini, D., Giglietto, N., Giordano, F., Giroletti, M., Grenier, I. A., Guiriec, S., Jogler, T., Kuss, M., Larsson, S., Latronico, L., Longo, Francesco, Loparco, F., Lubrano, P., Madejski, G. M., Mayer, M., Mazziotta, M. N., Michelson, P. F., Mizuno, T., Monzani, M. E., Morselli, A., Murgia, S., Nuss, E., Ohsugi, T., Ormes, J. F., Paneque, D., Perkins, J. S., Piron, F., Pivato, G., Rainò, S., Razzano, M., Reimer, A., Reimer, O., Ritz, S., Schaal, M., Sgrò, C., Siskind, E. J., Spinelli, P., Takahashi, H., Tibaldo, L., Tinivella, M., Troja, E., Vianello, G., Werner, M., Wood, M., Université Montpellier 2 - Sciences et Techniques (UM2)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Archambault S, Aune T, Behera B, Beilicke M, Benbow W, Berger K, Bird R, Biteau J, Bugaev V, Byrum K, Cardenzana JV, Cerruti M, Chen X, Ciupik L, Connolly MP, Cui W, Dumm J, Errando M, Falcone A, Federici S, Feng Q, Finley JP, Fleischhack H, Fortson L, Furniss A, Galante N, Gillanders GH, Griffin S, Griffiths ST, Grube J, Gyuk G, Hanna D, Holder J, Hughes G, Humensky TB, Johnson CA, Kaaret P, Kertzman M, Khassen Y, Kieda D, Krawczynski H, Krennrich F, Kumar S, Lang MJ, Madhavan AS, Maier G, McCann A, Meagher K, Moriarty P, Mukherjee R, Nieto D, de Bhroithe AO, Ong RA, Otte AN, Park N, Pohl M, Popkow A, Prokoph H, Quinn J, Ragan K, Rajotte J, Reyes LC, Reynolds PT, Richards GT, Roache E, Sembroski GH, Shahinyan K, Staszak D, Telezhinsky I, Tucci JV, Tyler J, Varlotta A, Vassiliev VV, Vincent S, Wakely SP, Weinstein A, Welsing R, Wilhelm A, Williams DA, Ackermann M, Ajello M, Albert A, Baldini L, Bastieri D, Bellazzini R, Bissaldi E, Bregeon J, Buehler R, Buson S, Caliandro GA, Cameron RA, Caraveo PA, Cavazzuti E, Charles E, Chiang J, Ciprini S, Claus R, Cutini S, DAmmando F, de Angelis A, de Palma F, Dermer CD, Digel SW, Di Venere L, Drell PS, Favuzzi C, Franckowiak A, Fusco P, Gargano F, Gasparrini D, Giglietto N, Giordano F, Giroletti M, Grenier IA, Guiriec S, Jogler T, Kuss M, Larsson S, Latronico L, Longo F, Loparco F, Lubrano P, Madejski GM, Mayer M, Mazziotta MN, Michelson PF, Mizuno T, Monzani ME, Morselli A, Murgia S, Nuss E, Ohsugi T, Ormes JF, Paneque D, Perkins JS, Piron F, Pivato G, Raino S, Razzano M, Reimer A, Reimer O, Ritz S, Schaal M, Sgro C, Siskind EJ, Spinelli P, Takahashi H, Tibaldo L, Tinivella M, Troja E, Vianello G, Werner M, Wood M, Université Montpellier 2 - Sciences et Techniques (UM2)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Astrophysique Interprétation Modélisation (AIM (UMR7158 / UMR_E_9005 / UM_112))
Subjects: extragalactic background light, Flux, photon: absorption, Astrophysics, cosmic radiation: interaction, individual (PKS 1424+240)-cosmic background radiation, gamma rays: galaxies [BL Lacertae objects], 01 natural sciences, Absorption (logic), gamma ray: flux, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, photon: flux, Physics, High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE), Gamma ray, universe, large-area telescope, Extragalactic background light, statistics, VERITAS, Astrophysics::Earth and Planetary Astrophysics, Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, BL Lacertae objects: individual (PKS 1424+240)-cosmic background radiation, gamma rays: galaxies, spectra, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, FOS: Physical sciences, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, space-telescope mission, VHE, blazar, 0103 physical sciences, detector: optical, Blazar, energy cosmic-ray, Astrophysics::Galaxy Astrophysics, tev blazars, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, background, Institut für Physik und Astronomie, opacity, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Light curve, redshift, Redshift, radiation, pair production, 13. Climate action, Space and Planetary Science, ddc:520, spectral, BL Lacertae objects: individual (PKS 1424+240)-cosmic background radiation, gamma rays: galaxies, [PHYS.ASTR]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph], absorption, X-ray: detector, Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope
Abstract: We present deep VERITAS observations of the blazar PKS 1424+240, along with contemporaneous Fermi Large Area Telescope, Swift X-ray Telescope and Swift UV Optical Telescope data between 2009 February 19 and 2013 June 8. This blazar resides at a redshift of $z\ge0.6035$, displaying a significantly attenuated gamma-ray flux above 100 GeV due to photon absorption via pair-production with the extragalactic background light. We present more than 100 hours of VERITAS observations from three years, a multiwavelength light curve and the contemporaneous spectral energy distributions. The source shows a higher flux of (2.1$\pm0.3$)$\times10^{-7}$ ph m$^{-2}$s$^{-1}$ above 120 GeV in 2009 and 2011 as compared to the flux measured in 2013, corresponding to (1.02$\pm0.08$)$\times10^{-7}$ ph m$^{-2}$s$^{-1}$ above 120 GeV. The measured differential very high energy (VHE; $E\ge100$ GeV) spectral indices are $\Gamma=$3.8$\pm$0.3, 4.3$\pm$0.6 and 4.5$\pm$0.2 in 2009, 2011 and 2013, respectively. No significant spectral change across the observation epochs is detected. We find no evidence for variability at gamma-ray opacities of greater than $\tau=2$, where it is postulated that any variability would be small and occur on longer than year timescales if hadronic cosmic-ray interactions with extragalactic photon fields provide a secondary VHE photon flux. The data cannot rule out such variability due to low statistics., Comment: ApJL accepted March 17, 2014
Published: 2014

13. Multimessenger observations of a flaring blazar coincident with high-energy neutrino IceCube-170922A

Author: Aartsen, M. G., Ackermann, M., Adams, J., Aguilar, J. A., Ahlers, M., Ahrens, M., Al Samarai, I., Altmann, D., Andeen, K., Anderson, T., Ansseau, I., Anton, G., Argüelles, C., Auffenberg, J., Axani, S., Bagherpour, H., Bai, X., Barron, J. P., Barwick, S. W. Baum V., Bay, R., Beatty, J. J., Becker Tjus, J., Becker, K. -H., Benzvi, S., Berley, D., Bernardini, E., Besson, D. Z., Binder, G., Bindig, D., Blaufuss, E., Blot, S., Bohm, C., Börner, M., Bos, F., Böser, S., Botner, O., Bourbeau, E., Bourbeau, J., Bradascio, F., Braun, J., Brenzke, M., Bretz, H. -P., Bron, S., Brostean-Kaiser, J., Burgman, A., Busse, R. S., Carver, T., Cheung, E., Chirkin, D., Christov, A., Clark, K., Classen, L., Coenders, S., Collin, G. H., Conrad, J. M., Coppin, P., Correa, P., Cowen, D. F., Cross, R., Dave, P., Day, M., de André, J. P. A. M., De Clercq, C., Delaunay, J. J., Dembinski, H., De Ridder, S., Desiati, P., de Vries, K. D., de Wasseige, G., de With, M., Deyoung, T., Díaz-Vélez, J. C., di Lorenzo, V., Dujmovic, H., Dumm, J. P., Dunkman, M., Dvorak, E., Eberhardt, B., Ehrhardt, T., Eichmann, B., Eller, P., Evenson, P. A., Fahey, S., Fazely, A. R., Felde, J., Filimonov, K., Finley, C., Flis, S., Franckowiak, A., Friedman, E., Fritz, A., Gaisser, T. K., Gallagher, J., Gerhardt, L., Ghorbani, K., Glauch, T., Glüsenkamp, T., Goldschmidt, A., Gonzalez, J. G., Grant, D., Griffith, Z., Haack, C., Hallgren, A., Halzen, F., Hanson, K., Hebecker, D., Heereman, D., Helbing, K., Hellauer, R., Hickford, S., Hignight, J., Hill, G. C., Hoffman, K. D., Hoffmann, R., Hoinka, T., Hokanson-Fasig, B., Hoshina, K., Huang, F., Huber, M., Hultqvist, K., Hünnefeld, M., Hussain, R., In, S., Iovine, N., Ishihara, A., Jacobi, E., Japaridze, G. S., Jeong, M., Jero, K., Jones, B. J. P., Kalaczynski, P., Kang, W., Kappes, A., Kappesser, D., Karg, T., Karle, A., Katz, U., Kauer, M., Keivani, A., Kelley, J. L., Kheirandish, A., Kim, J., Kim, M., Kintscher, T., Kiryluk, J., Kittler, T., Klein, S. R., Koirala, R., Kolanoski, H., Köpke, L., Kopper, C., Kopper, S., Koschinsky, J. P., Koskinen, D. J., Kowalski, M., Krings, K., Kroll, M., Krückl, G., Kunwar, S., Kurahashi, N., Kuwabara, T., Kyriacou, A., Labare, M., Lanfranchi, J. L., Larson, M. J., Lauber, F., Leonard, K., Lesiak-Bzdak, M., Leuermann, M., Liu, Q. R., Lozano Mariscal, C. J., Lu, L., Lünemann, J., Luszczak, W., Madsen, J., Maggi, G., Mahn, K. B. M., Mancina, S., Maruyama, R., Mase, K., Maunu, R., Meagher, K., Medici, M., Meier, M., Menne, T., Merino, G., Meures, T., Miarecki, S., Micallef, J., Momenté, G., Montaruli, T., Moore, R. W., S, Morse, R., Moulai, M., Nahnhauer, R., Nakarmi, P., Naumann, U., Neer, G., Niederhausen, H., Nowicki, S. C., Nygren, D. R., Obertacke Pollmann, A., Olivas, A., O'Murchadha, A., O'Sullivan, E., Palczewski, T., Pandya, H., Pankova, D. V., Peiffer, P., Pepper, J. A., Pérez de los Heros, C., Pieloth, D., Pinat, E., Plum, M., Price, P. B., Przybylski, G. T., Raab, C., Rädel, L., Rameez, M., Rauch, L., Rawlins, K., Rea, I. C., Reimann, R., Relethford, B., Relich, M., Resconi, E., Rhode, W., Richman, M., Robertson, S., Rongen, M., Rott, C., Ruhe, T., Ryckbosch, D., Rysewyk, D., Safa, I., Sälzer, T., Sanchez Herrera, S. E., Sandrock, A., Sandroos, J., Santander, M., Sarkar, S., Satalecka, K., Schlunder, P., Schmidt, T., Schneider, A., Schoenen, S., Schöneberg, S., Schumacher, L., Sclafani, S., Seckel, D., Seunarine, S., Soedingrekso, J., Soldin, D., Song, M., Spiczak, G. M., Spiering, C., Stachurska, J., Stamatikos, M., Stanev, T., Stasik, A., Stein, R., Stettner, J., Steuer, A., Stezelberger, T., Stokstad, R. G., Stößl, A., Strotjohann, N. L., Stuttard, T., Sullivan, G. W., Sutherland, M., Taboada, I., Tatar, J., Tenholt, F., Ter-Antonyan, S., Terliuk, A., Tilav, S., Toale, P. A., Tobin, M. N., Toennis, C., Toscano, S., Tosi, D., Tselengidou, M., Tung, C. F., Turcati, A., Turley, C. F., Ty, B., Unger, E., Usner, M., Vandenbroucke, J., Van Driessche, W., van Eijk, D., van Eijndhoven, N., Vanheule, S., van Santen, J., Vogel, E., Vraeghe, M., Walck, C., Wallace, A., Wallraff, M., Wandler, F. D., Wandkowsky, N., Waza, A., Weaver, C., Weiss, M. J., Wendt, C., Werthebach, J., Westerhoff, S., Whelan, B. J., Whitehorn, N., Wiebe, K., Wiebusch, C. H., Wille, L., Williams, D. R., Wills, L., Wolf, M., Wood, J., Wood, T. R., Woschnagg, K., D. L., Xu, X. W., Xu, Xu, Y., Yanez, J. P., Yodh, G., Yoshida, S., Yuan, T., Fermi-LAT, Collaboration, Abdollahi, S., Ajello, M., Angioni, R., Baldini, L., Ballet, J., Barbiellini, G., Bastieri, D., Bechtol, K., Bellazzini, R., Berenji, B., Bissaldi, E., Blandford, R. D., Bonino, R., Bottacini, E., Bregeon, J., Bruel, P., Buehler, R., Burnett, T. H., Burns, E., Buson, S., Cameron, R. A., Caputo, R., Caraveo, P. A., Cavazzuti, E., Charles, E., Chen, S., Cheung, C. C., Chiang, J., Chiaro, G., Ciprini, S., Cohen-Tanugi, J., Conrad, J., Costantin, D., Cutini, S., D'Ammando, F., de Palma, F., Digel, S. W., Di Lalla, N., Di Mauro, M., Di Venere, L., Domínguez, A., Favuzzi, C., Fukazawa, Y., Funk, S., Fusco, P., Gargano, F., Gasparrini, D., Giglietto, N., Giomi, M., Giommi, P., Giordano, F., Giroletti, M., Glanzman, T., Green, D., Grenier, I. A., Grondin, M. -H., Guiriec, S., Harding, A. K., Hayashida, M., Hays, E., Hewitt, J. W., Horan, D., Jóhannesson, G., Kadler, M., Kensei, S., Kocevski, D., Krauss, F., Kreter, M., Kuss, M., La Mura, G., Larsson, S., Latronico, L., Lemoine-Goumard, M., Li, J., Longo, F., Loparco, F., Lovellette, M. N., Lubrano, P., Magill, J. D., Maldera, S., Malyshev, D., Manfreda, A., Mazziotta, M. N., Mcenery, J. E., Meyer, M., Michelson, P. F., Mizuno, T., Monzani, M. E., Morselli, A., Moskalenko, I. V., Negro, M., Nuss, E., Ojha, R., Omodei, N., Orienti, M., Orlando, E., Palatiello, M., Paliya, V. S., Perkins, J. S., Persic, M., Pesce-Rollins, M., Piron, F., Porter, T. A., Principe, G., Rainò, S., Rando, R., Rani, B., Razzano, M., Razzaque, S., Reimer, A., Reimer, O., Renault-Tinacci, N., Ritz, S., Rochester, L. S., Saz Parkinson, P. M., Sgrò, C., Siskind, E. J., Spandre, G., Spinelli, P., Suson, D. J., Tajima, H., Takahashi, M., Tanaka, Y., Thayer, J. B., Thompson, D. J., Tibaldo, L., Torres, D. F., Torresi, E., Tosti, G., Troja, E., Valverde, J., Vianello, G., Vogel, M., Wood, K., Wood, M., Zaharijas, G., Magic, Collaboration, Ahnen, M. L., Ansoldi, S., Antonelli, L. A., Arcaro, C., Baack, D., Babić, A., Banerjee, B., Bangale, P., Barres de Almeida, U., Barrio, J. A., Becerra González, J., Bednarek, W., Berti, A., Bhattacharyya, W., Biland, A., Blanch, O., Bonnoli, G., Carosi, A., Carosi, R., Ceribella, G., Chatterjee, A., Colak, S. M., Colin, P., Colombo, E., Contreras, J. L., Cortina, J., Covino, S., Cumani, P., Da Vela, P., Dazzi, F., De Angelis, A., De Lotto, B., Delfino, M., Delgado, J., Di Pierro, F., Dominis Prester, D., Dorner, D., Doro, M., Einecke, S., Elsaesser, D., Fallah Ramazani, V., Fernández-Barral, A., Fidalgo, D., Foffano, L., Pfrang, K., Fonseca, M. V., Font, L., Franceschini, A., Fruck, C., Galindo, D., Gallozzi, S., García López, R. J., Garczarczyk, M., Gaug, M., Giammaria, P., Godinović, N., Gora, D., Guberman, D., Hadasch, D., Hahn, A., Hassan, T., Herrera, J., Hose, J., Hrupec, D., Inoue, S., Ishio, K., Konno, Y., Kubo, H., Kushida, J., Lelas, D., Lindfors, E., Lombardi, S., López, M., Maggio, C., Majumdar, P., Makariev, M., Maneva, G., Manganaro, M., Mannheim, K., Maraschi, L., Mariotti, M., Martínez, M., Masuda, S., Mazin, D., Minev, M., J. M., M, Mirzoyan, R., Moralejo, A., Moreno, V., Moretti, E., Nagayoshi, T., Neustroev, V., Niedzwiecki, A., Nievas Rosillo, M., Nigro, C., Nilsson, K., Ninci, D., Nishijima, K., Noda, K., Nogués, L., Paiano, S., Palacio, J., Paneque, D., Paoletti, R., Paredes, J. M., Pedaletti, G., Peresano, M., Prada Moroni, P. G., Prandini, E., Puljak, I., Rodriguez Garcia, J., Reichardt, I., Ribó, M., Rico, J., Righi, C., Rugliancich, A., Saito, T., Schweizer, T., Sitarek, J., Šnidaric ́, I., Sobczynska, D., Stamerra, A., Strzys, M., Surić, T., Tavecchio, F., Temnikov, P., Terzić, T., Teshima, M., Torres-Albà, N., Treves, A., Tsujimoto, S., Vanzo, G., Vazquez Acosta, M., Vovk, I., Ward, J. E., Will, M., Zaric ́, D., Agile, Team, Lucarelli, F., Tavani, M., Piano, G., Donnarumma, I., Pittori, C., Verrecchia, F., Bulgarelli, A., Caraveo, P., Cattaneo, P. W., Colafrancesco, S., Costa, E., Di Cocco, G., Ferrari, A., Gianotti, F., Giuliani, A., Lipari, P., Mereghetti, S., Pacciani, L., Paoletti, F., Parmiggiani, N., Pellizzoni, A., Picozza, P., Pilia, M., Rappoldi, A., Trois, A., Vercellone, S., Vittorini, V., ASAS-SN, Team, Stanek, A. Franckowiak K. Z., Kochanek, C. S., Beacom, J. F., Thompson, T. A., Holoien, T. W. -S., Dong, S., Prieto, J. L., Shappee, B. J., Holmbo, S., Hawc, Collaboration, Abeysekara, A. U., Albert, A., Alfaro, R., Alvarez, C., Arceo, R., Arteaga-Velázquez, J. C., Avila Rojas, D., Ayala Solares, H. A., Becerril, A., Belmont-Moreno, E., Bernal, A., Caballero-Mora, K. S., Capistrán, T., Carramiñana, A., Casanova, S., Castillo, M., Cotti, U., Cotzomi, J., Coutiño de León, S., De León, C., De la Fuente, E., Diaz Hernandez, R., Dichiara, S., Dingus, B. L., Duvernois, M. A., Ellsworth, R. W., Engel, K., Fiorino, D. W., Fleischhack, H., Fraija, N., García-González, J. A., Garfias, F., González Muñoz, A., González, M. M., Goodman, J. A., Hampel-Arias, Z., Harding, J. P., Hernandez, S., Hona, B., Hueyotl-Zahuantitla, F., Hui, C. M., Hüntemeyer, P., Iriarte, A., Jardin-Blicq, A., Joshi, V., Kaufmann, S., Kunde, G. J., Lara, A., Lauer, R. J., Lee, W. H., Lennarz, D., León Vargas, H., Linnemann, J. T., Longinotti, A. L., Luis-Raya, G., Luna-García, R., Malone, K., Marinelli, S. S., Martinez, O., Martinez-Castellanos, I., Martínez-Castro, J., Martínez-Huerta, H., Matthews, J. A., Miranda-Romagnoli, P., Moreno, E., Mostafá, M., Nayerhoda, A., Nellen, L., Newbold, M., Nisa, M. U., Noriega-Papaqui, R., Pelayo, R., Pretz, J., Pérez-Pérez, E. G., Ren, Z., Rho, C. D., Rivière, C., Rosa-González, D., Rosenberg, M., Ruiz-Velasco, E., Salesa Greus, F., Sandoval, A., Schneider, M., Schoorlemmer, H., Sinnis, G., Smith, A. J., Springer, R. W., Surajbali, P., Tibolla, O., Tollefson, K., Torres, I., Villaseñor, L., Weisgarber, T., Werner, F., Yapici, T., Gaurang, Y., Zepeda, A., Zhou, H., Álvarez, J. D., Collaboration, H. E. S. S., Abdalla, H., Angüner, E. O., Armand, C., Backes, M., Becherini, Y., Berge, D., Böttcher, M., Boisson, C., Bolmont, J., Bonnefoy, S., Bordas, P., Brun, F., Büchele, M., Bulik, T., Caroff, S., Cerruti, M., Chakraborty, N., Chandra, S., Chen, A., Davids, I. D., Deil, C., Devin, J., Djannati-Ataï, A., Egberts, K., Emery, G., Eschbach, S., Fiasson, A., Fontaine, G., Füßling, M., Gallant, Y. A., Gaté, F., Giavitto, G., Glawion, D., Glicenstein, J. F., Gottschall, D., Haupt, M., Henri, G., Hinton, J. A., Hoischen, C., Holch, T. L., Huber, D., Jamrozy, M., Jankowsky, D., Jankowsky, F., Jouvin, L., Jung-Richardt, I., Kerszberg, D., Khélifi, B., King, J., Klepser, S., Kluz ́niak, W., Komin, Nu., Kraus, M., Lefaucheur, J., Lemière, A., Lenain, J. -P., Leser, E., Lohse, T., López-Coto, R., Lorentz, M., Lypova, I., Marandon, V., Guillem Martí-Devesa, G., Maurin, G., Mitchell, A. M. W., Moderski, R., Mohamed, M., Mohrmann, L., Moulin, E., Murach, T., de Naurois, M., Niederwanger, F., Niemiec, J., Oakes, L., O'Brien, P., Ohm, S., Ostrowski, M., Oya, I., Panter, M., Parsons, R. D., Perennes, C., Piel, Q., Pita, S., Poireau, V., Priyana Noel, A., Prokoph, H., Pühlhofer, G., Quirrenbach, A., Raab, S., Rauth, R., Renaud, M., Rieger, F., Rinchiuso, L., Romoli, C., Rowell, G., Rudak, B., Sasaki, D. A., Sanchez, M., Schlickeiser, R., Schüssler, F., Schulz, A., Schwanke, U., Seglar-Arroyo, M., Shafi, N., Simoni, R., Sol, H., Stegmann, C., Steppa, C., Tavernier, T., Taylor, A. M., Tiziani, D., Trichard, C., Tsirou, M., van Eldik, C., van Rensburg, C., van Soelen, B., Veh, J., Vincent, P., Voisin, F., Wagner, S. J., Wagner, R. M., Wierzcholska, A., Zanin, R., Zdziarski, A. A., Zech, A., Ziegler, A., Zorn, J., Żywucka, N., Integral, Team, Savchenko, V., Ferrigno, C., Bazzano, A., Diehl, R., Kuulkers, E., Laurent, P., Natalucci, L., Panessa, F., Rodi, J., Ubertini, P., Kanata Kiso and Subaru Observing Teams, Morokuma, T., Ohta, K., Tanaka, Y. T., Mori, H., Yamanaka, M., Kawabata, K. S., Utsumi, Y., Nakaoka, T., Kawabata, M., Nagashima, H., Yoshida, M., Matsuoka, Y., Itoh, R., Kapteyn, Team, Keel, W., Liverpool Telescope Team, Copperwheat, C., Steele, I., Swift/nustar, Team, Cenko, S. B., Evans, P. A., Fox, D. B., Kennea, J. A., Marshall, F. E., Osborne, J. P., Tohuvavohu, A., Veritas, Collaboration, Archer, A., Benbow, W., Bird, R., Brill, A., Brose, R., Buchovecky, M., Buckley, J. H., Bugaev, V., Christiansen, J. L., Connolly, M. P., Cui, W., Daniel, M. K., Errando, M., Falcone, A., Feng, Q., Finley, J. P., Fortson, L., Furniss, A., Gueta, O., Hütten, M., Hervet, O., Hughes, G., Humensky, T. B., Johnson, C. A., Kaaret, P., Kar, P., Kelley-Hoskins, N., Kertzman, M., Kieda, D., Krause, M., Krennrich, F., Kumar, S., Lang, M. J., Lin, T. T. Y., Maier, G., Mcarthur, S., Moriarty, P., Mukherjee, R., Nieto, D., O'Brien, S., Ong, R. A., Otte, A. N., Park, N., Petrashyk, A., Pohl, M., Popkow, A., Pueschel, S. E., Quinn, J., Ragan, K., Reynolds, P. T., Richards, G. T., Roache, E., Rulten, C., Sadeh, I., Scott, S. S., Sembroski, G. H., Shahinyan, K., Sushch, I., Trépanier, S., Tyler, J., Vassiliev, V. V., Wakely, S. P., Weinstein, A., Wells, R. M., Wilcox, P., Wilhelm, A., Williams, D. A., Zitzer, B., Vla/b, Team, Tetarenko, A. J., Kimball, A. E., Miller-Jones, J. C. A., Sivakoff, G. R., Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Laboratory for Nuclear Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Nuclear Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Physics, ITA, High Energy Astrophys. & Astropart. Phys (API, FNWI), Faculty of Science, API Other Research (FNWI), Astrophysique Interprétation Modélisation (AIM (UMR_7158 / UMR_E_9005 / UM_112)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire Univers et Particules de Montpellier (LUPM), Université de Montpellier (UM)-Université Montpellier 2 - Sciences et Techniques (UM2)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire Leprince-Ringuet (LLR), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut d'Astrophysique de Paris (IAP), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de recherche en astrophysique et planétologie (IRAP), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre de Physique des Particules de Marseille (CPPM), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU), Laboratoire d'Annecy de Physique des Particules (LAPP/Laboratoire d'Annecy-le-Vieux de Physique des Particules), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire Univers et Théories (LUTH (UMR_8102)), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Énergies (LPNHE (UMR_7585)), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre d'Etudes Nucléaires de Bordeaux Gradignan (CENBG), Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), AstroParticule et Cosmologie (APC (UMR_7164)), Observatoire de Paris, PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Recherches sur les lois Fondamentales de l'Univers (IRFU), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay, Institut de Planétologie et d'Astrophysique de Grenoble (IPAG), Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Grenoble (OSUG), Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Département d'Astrophysique (ex SAP) (DAP), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay, IceCube, Fermi-LAT, Kapteyn, Liverpool Telescope, Subaru, Swift NuSTAR, VERITAS, VLA/17B-403, MAGIC, AGILE, ASAS-SN, HAWC, H.E.S.S., INTEGRAL, Kanata, Kiso, Aartsen, M. G., Ackermann, M., Adams, J., Aguilar, J. A., Ahlers, M., Ahrens, M., Al Samarai, I., Altmann, D., Andeen, K., Anderson, T., Ansseau, I., Anton, G., Argüelles, C., Auffenberg, J., Axani, S., Bagherpour, H., Bai, X., Barron, J. P., Barwick, S. W., Baum, V., Bay, R., Beatty, J. J., Becker Tjus, J., Becker, K. -H., Benzvi, S., Berley, D., Bernardini, E., Besson, D. Z., Binder, G., Bindig, D., Blaufuss, E., Blot, S., Bohm, C., Börner, M., Bos, F., Böser, S., Botner, O., Bourbeau, E., Bourbeau, J., Bradascio, F., Braun, J., Brenzke, M., Bretz, H. -P., Bron, S., Brostean-Kaiser, J., Burgman, A., Busse, R. S., Carver, T., Cheung, E., Chirkin, D., Christov, A., Clark, K., Classen, L., Coenders, S., Collin, G. H., Conrad, J. M., Coppin, P., Correa, P., Cowen, D. F., Cross, R., Dave, P., Day, M., de André, J. P. A. M., De Clercq, C., Delaunay, J. J., Dembinski, H., De Ridder, S., Desiati, P., de Vries, K. D., de Wasseige, G., de With, M., Deyoung, T., Díaz-Vélez, J. C., Di Lorenzo, V., Dujmovic, H., Dumm, J. P., Dunkman, M., Dvorak, E., Eberhardt, B., Ehrhardt, T., Eichmann, B., Eller, P., Evenson, P. A., Fahey, S., Fazely, A. R., Felde, J., Filimonov, K., Finley, C., Flis, S., Franckowiak, A., Friedman, E., Fritz, A., Gaisser, T. K., Gallagher, J., Gerhardt, L., Ghorbani, K., Glauch, T., Glüsenkamp, T., Goldschmidt, A., Gonzalez, J. G., Grant, D., Griffith, Z., Haack, C., Hallgren, A., Halzen, F., Hanson, K., Hebecker, D., Heereman, D., Helbing, K., Hellauer, R., Hickford, S., Hignight, J., Hill, G. C., Hoffman, K. D., Hoffmann, R., Hoinka, T., Hokanson-Fasig, B., Hoshina, K., Huang, F., Huber, M., Hultqvist, K., Hünnefeld, M., Hussain, R., In, S., Iovine, N., Ishihara, A., Jacobi, E., Japaridze, G. S., Jeong, M., Jero, K., Jones, B. J. P., Kalaczynski, P., Kang, W., Kappes, A., Kappesser, D., Karg, T., Karle, A., Katz, U., Kauer, M., Keivani, A., Kelley, J. L., Kheirandish, A., Kim, J., Kim, M., Kintscher, T., Kiryluk, J., Kittler, T., Klein, S. R., Koirala, R., Kolanoski, H., Köpke, L., Kopper, C., Kopper, S., Koschinsky, J. P., Koskinen, D. J., Kowalski, M., Krings, K., Kroll, M., Krückl, G., Kunwar, S., Kurahashi, N., Kuwabara, T., Kyriacou, A., Labare, M., Lanfranchi, J. L., Larson, M. J., Lauber, F., Leonard, K., Lesiak-Bzdak, M., Leuermann, M., Liu, Q. R., Lozano Mariscal, C. J., Lu, L., Lünemann, J., Luszczak, W., Madsen, J., Maggi, G., Mahn, K. B. M., Mancina, S., Maruyama, R., Mase, K., Maunu, R., Meagher, K., Medici, M., Meier, M., Menne, T., Merino, G., Meures, T., Miarecki, S., Micallef, J., Momenté, G., Montaruli, T., Moore, R. W., Morse, R., Moulai, M., Nahnhauer, R., Nakarmi, P., Naumann, U., Neer, G., Niederhausen, H., Nowicki, S. C., Nygren, D. R., Obertacke Pollmann, A., Olivas, A., O’Murchadha, A., O’Sullivan, E., Palczewski, T., Pandya, H., Pankova, D. V., Peiffer, P., Pepper, J. A., Pérez de los Heros, C., Pieloth, D., Pinat, E., Plum, M., Price, P. B., Przybylski, G. T., Raab, C., Rädel, L., Rameez, M., Rauch, L., Rawlins, K., Rea, I. C., Reimann, R., Relethford, B., Relich, M., Resconi, E., Rhode, W., Richman, M., Robertson, S., Rongen, M., Rott, C., Ruhe, T., Ryckbosch, D., Rysewyk, D., Safa, I., Sälzer, T., Sanchez Herrera, S. E., Sandrock, A., Sandroos, J., Santander, M., Sarkar, S., Satalecka, K., Schlunder, P., Schmidt, T., Schneider, A., Schoenen, S., Schöneberg, S., Schumacher, L., Sclafani, S., Seckel, D., Seunarine, S., Soedingrekso, J., Soldin, D., Song, M., Spiczak, G. M., Spiering, C., Stachurska, J., Stamatikos, M., Stanev, T., Stasik, A., Stein, R., Stettner, J., Steuer, A., Stezelberger, T., Stokstad, R. G., Stößl, A., Strotjohann, N. L., Stuttard, T., Sullivan, G. W., Sutherland, M., Taboada, I., Tatar, J., Tenholt, F., Ter-Antonyan, S., Terliuk, A., Tilav, S., Toale, P. A., Tobin, M. N., Toennis, C., Toscano, S., Tosi, D., Tselengidou, M., Tung, C. F., Turcati, A., Turley, C. F., Ty, B., Unger, E., Usner, M., Vandenbroucke, J., Van Driessche, W., van Eijk, D., van Eijndhoven, N., Vanheule, S., van Santen, J., Vogel, E., Vraeghe, M., Walck, C., Wallace, A., Wallraff, M., Wandler, F. D., Wandkowsky, N., Waza, A., Weaver, C., Weiss, M. J., Wendt, C., Werthebach, J., Westerhoff, S., Whelan, B. J., Whitehorn, N., Wiebe, K., Wiebusch, C. H., Wille, L., Williams, D. R., Wills, L., Wolf, M., Wood, J., Wood, T. R., Woschnagg, K., Xu, D. L., Xu, X. W., Xu, Y., Yanez, J. P., Yodh, G., Yoshida, S., Yuan, T., Abdollahi, S., Ajello, M., Angioni, R., Baldini, L., Ballet, J., Barbiellini, G., Bastieri, D., Bechtol, K., Bellazzini, R., Berenji, B., Bissaldi, E., Blandford, R. D., Bonino, R., Bottacini, E., Bregeon, J., Bruel, P., Buehler, R., Burnett, T. H., Burns, E., Buson, S., Cameron, R. A., Caputo, R., Caraveo, P. A., Cavazzuti, E., Charles, E., Chen, S., Cheung, C. C., Chiang, J., Chiaro, G., Ciprini, S., Cohen-Tanugi, J., Conrad, J., Costantin, D., Cutini, S., D’Ammando, F., de Palma, F., Digel, S. W., Di Lalla, N., Di Mauro, M., Di Venere, L., Domínguez, A., Favuzzi, C., Fukazawa, Y., Funk, S., Fusco, P., Gargano, F., Gasparrini, D., Giglietto, N., Giomi, M., Giommi, P., Giordano, F., Giroletti, M., Glanzman, T., Green, D., Grenier, I. A., Grondin, M. -H., Guiriec, S., Harding, A. K., Hayashida, M., Hays, E., Hewitt, J. W., Horan, D., Jóhannesson, G., Kadler, M., Kensei, S., Kocevski, D., Krauss, F., Kreter, M., Kuss, M., La Mura, G., Larsson, S., Latronico, L., Lemoine-Goumard, M., Li, J., Longo, F., Loparco, F., Lovellette, M. N., Lubrano, P., Magill, J. D., Maldera, S., Malyshev, D., Manfreda, A., Mazziotta, M. N., Mcenery, J. E., Meyer, M., Michelson, P. F., Mizuno, T., Monzani, M. E., Morselli, A., Moskalenko, I. V., Negro, M., Nuss, E., Ojha, R., Omodei, N., Orienti, M., Orlando, E., Palatiello, M., Paliya, V. S., Perkins, J. S., Persic, M., Pesce-Rollins, M., Piron, F., Porter, T. A., Principe, G., Rainò, S., Rando, R., Rani, B., Razzano, M., Razzaque, S., Reimer, A., Reimer, O., Renault-Tinacci, N., Ritz, S., Rochester, L. S., Saz Parkinson, P. M., Sgrò, C., Siskind, E. J., Spandre, G., Spinelli, P., Suson, D. J., Tajima, H., Takahashi, M., Tanaka, Y., Thayer, J. B., Thompson, D. J., Tibaldo, L., Torres, D. F., Torresi, E., Tosti, G., Troja, E., Valverde, J., Vianello, G., Vogel, M., Wood, K., Wood, M., Zaharijas, G., Ahnen, M. L., Ansoldi, S., Antonelli, L. A., Arcaro, C., Baack, D., Babić, A., Banerjee, B., Bangale, P., Barres de Almeida, U., Barrio, J. A., Becerra González, J., Bednarek, W., Berti, A., Bhattacharyya, W., Biland, A., Blanch, O., Bonnoli, G., Carosi, A., Carosi, R., Ceribella, G., Chatterjee, A., Colak, S. M., Colin, P., Colombo, E., Contreras, J. L., Cortina, J., Covino, S., Cumani, P., Da Vela, P., Dazzi, F., De Angelis, A., De Lotto, B., Delfino, M., Delgado, J., Di Pierro, F., Dominis Prester, D., Dorner, D., Doro, M., Einecke, S., Elsaesser, D., Fallah Ramazani, V., Fernández-Barral, A., Fidalgo, D., Foffano, L., Pfrang, K., Fonseca, M. V., Font, L., Franceschini, A., Fruck, C., Galindo, D., Gallozzi, S., García López, R. J., Garczarczyk, M., Gaug, M., Giammaria, P., Godinović, N., Gora, D., Guberman, D., Hadasch, D., Hahn, A., Hassan, T., Herrera, J., Hose, J., Hrupec, D., Inoue, S., Ishio, K., Konno, Y., Kubo, H., Kushida, J., Lelas, D., Lindfors, E., Lombardi, S., López, M., Maggio, C., Majumdar, P., Makariev, M., Maneva, G., Manganaro, M., Mannheim, K., Maraschi, L., Mariotti, M., Martínez, M., Masuda, S., Mazin, D., Minev, M., M, J. M., Mirzoyan, R., Moralejo, A., Moreno, V., Moretti, E., Nagayoshi, T., Neustroev, V., Niedzwiecki, A., Nievas, Rosillo, M., Nigro, Nilsson, K., Ninci, D., Nishijima, K., Noda, K., Nogués, L., Paiano, S., Palacio, J., Paneque, D., Paoletti, R., Paredes, J. M., Pedaletti, G., Peresano, M., Prada Moroni, P. G., Prandini, E., Puljak, I., Rodriguez Garcia, J., Reichardt, I., Ribó, M., Rico, J., Righi, C., Rugliancich, A., Saito, T., Schweizer, T., Sitarek, J., Šnidarić, I., Sobczynska, D., Stamerra, A., Strzys, M., Surić, T., Tavecchio, F., Temnikov, P., Terzić, T., Teshima, M., Torres-Albà, N., Treves, A., Tsujimoto, S., Vanzo, G., Vazquez Acosta, M., Vovk, I., Ward, J. E., Will, M., Zarić, D., Lucarelli, F., Tavani, M., Piano, G., Donnarumma, I., Pittori, C., Verrecchia, F., Bulgarelli, A., Caraveo, P., Cattaneo, P. W., Colafrancesco, S., Costa, E., Di Cocco, G., Ferrari, A., Gianotti, F., Giuliani, A., Lipari, P., Mereghetti, S., Pacciani, L., Paoletti, F., Parmiggiani, N., Pellizzoni, A., Picozza, P., Pilia, M., Rappoldi, A., Trois, A., Vercellone, S., Vittorini, V., Stanek, K. Z., Kochanek, C. S., Beacom, J. F., Thompson, T. A., Holoien, T. W. -S., Dong, S., Prieto, J. L., Shappee, B. J., Holmbo, S., Abeysekara, A. U., Albert, A., Alfaro, R., Alvarez, C., Arceo, R., Arteaga-Velázquez, J. C., Avila Rojas, D., Ayala Solares, H. A., Becerril, A., Belmont-Moreno, E., Bernal, A., Caballero-Mora, K. S., Capistrán, T., Carramiñana, A., Casanova, S., Castillo, M., Cotti, U., Cotzomi, J., Coutiño de León, S., De León, C., De la Fuente, E., Diaz Hernandez, R., Dichiara, S., Dingus, B. L., Duvernois, M. A., Ellsworth, R. W., Engel, K., Fiorino, D. W., Fleischhack, H., Fraija, N., García-González, J. A., Garfias, F., González Muñoz, A., González, M. M., Goodman, J. A., Hampel-Arias, Z., Harding, J. P., Hernandez, S., Hona, B., Hueyotl-Zahuantitla, F., Hui, C. M., Hüntemeyer, P., Iriarte, A., Jardin-Blicq, A., Joshi, V., Kaufmann, S., Kunde, G. J., Lara, A., Lauer, R. J., Lee, W. H., Lennarz, D., León Vargas, H., Linnemann, J. T., Longinotti, A. L., Luis-Raya, G., Luna-García, R., Malone, K., Marinelli, S. S., Martinez, O., Martinez-Castellanos, I., Martínez-Castro, J., Martínez-Huerta, H., Matthews, J. A., Miranda-Romagnoli, P., Moreno, E., Mostafá, M., Nayerhoda, A., Nellen, L., Newbold, M., Nisa, M. U., Noriega-Papaqui, R., Pelayo, R., Pretz, J., Pérez-Pérez, E. G., Ren, Z., Rho, C. D., Rivière, C., Rosa-González, D., Rosenberg, M., Ruiz-Velasco, E., Salesa Greus, F., Sandoval, A., Schneider, M., Schoorlemmer, H., Sinnis, G., Smith, A. J., Springer, R. W., Surajbali, P., Tibolla, O., Tollefson, K., Torres, I., Villaseñor, L., Weisgarber, T., Werner, F., Yapici, T., Gaurang, Y., Zepeda, A., Zhou, H., Álvarez, J. D., Abdalla, H., Angüner, E. O., Armand, C., Backes, M., Becherini, Y., Berge, D., Böttcher, M., Boisson, C., Bolmont, J., Bonnefoy, S., Bordas, P., Brun, F., Büchele, M., Bulik, T., Caroff, S., Cerruti, M., Chakraborty, N., Chandra, S., Chen, A., Davids, I. D., Deil, C., Devin, J., Djannati-Ataï, A., Egberts, K., Emery, G., Eschbach, S., Fiasson, A., Fontaine, G., Füßling, M., Gallant, Y. A., Gaté, F., Giavitto, G., Glawion, D., Glicenstein, J. F., Gottschall, D., Haupt, M., Henri, G., Hinton, J. A., Hoischen, C., Holch, T. L., Huber, D., Jamrozy, M., Jankowsky, D., Jankowsky, F., Jouvin, L., Jung-Richardt, I., Kerszberg, D., Khélifi, B., King, J., Klepser, S., Kluźniak, W., Komin, Nu., Kraus, M., Lefaucheur, J., Lemière, A., Lenain, J. -P., Leser, E., Lohse, T., López-Coto, R., Lorentz, M., Lypova, I., Marandon, V., Guillem Martí-Devesa, G., Maurin, G., Mitchell, A. M. W., Moderski, R., Mohamed, M., Mohrmann, L., Moulin, E., Murach, T., de Naurois, M., Niederwanger, F., Niemiec, J., Oakes, L., O’Brien, P., Ohm, S., Ostrowski, M., Oya, I., Panter, M., Parsons, R. D., Perennes, C., Piel, Q., Pita, S., Poireau, V., Priyana Noel, A., Prokoph, H., Pühlhofer, G., Quirrenbach, A., Raab, S., Rauth, R., Renaud, M., Rieger, F., Rinchiuso, L., Romoli, C., Rowell, G., Rudak, B., Sanchez, D. A., Sasaki, M., Schlickeiser, R., Schüssler, F., Schulz, A., Schwanke, U., Seglar-Arroyo, M., Shafi, N., Simoni, R., Sol, H., Stegmann, C., Steppa, C., Tavernier, T., Taylor, A. M., Tiziani, D., Trichard, C., Tsirou, M., van Eldik, C., van Rensburg, C., van Soelen, B., Veh, J., Vincent, P., Voisin, F., Wagner, S. J., Wagner, R. M., Wierzcholska, A., Zanin, R., Zdziarski, A. A., Zech, A., Ziegler, A., Zorn, J., Żywucka, N., Savchenko, V., Ferrigno, C., Bazzano, A., Diehl, R., Kuulkers, E., Laurent, P., Natalucci, L., Panessa, F., Rodi, J., Ubertini, P., Morokuma, T., Ohta, K., Tanaka, Y. T., Mori, H., Yamanaka, M., Kawabata, K. S., Utsumi, Y., Nakaoka, T., Kawabata, M., Nagashima, H., Yoshida, M., Matsuoka, Y., Itoh, R., Keel, W., Copperwheat, C., Steele, I., Cenko, S. B., Evans, P. A., Fox, D. B., Kennea, J. A., Marshall, F. E., Osborne, J. P., Tohuvavohu, A., Archer, A., Benbow, W., Bird, R., Brill, A., Brose, R., Buchovecky, M., Buckley, J. H., Bugaev, V., Christiansen, J. L., Connolly, M. P., Cui, W., Daniel, M. K., Errando, M., Falcone, A., Feng, Q., Finley, J. P., Fortson, L., Furniss, A., Gueta, O., Hütten, M., Hervet, O., Hughes, G., Humensky, T. B., Johnson, C. A., Kaaret, P., Kar, P., Kelley-Hoskins, N., Kertzman, M., Kieda, D., Krause, M., Krennrich, F., Kumar, S., Lang, M. J., Lin, T. T. Y., Maier, G., Mcarthur, S., Moriarty, P., Mukherjee, R., Nieto, D., O’Brien, S., Ong, R. A., Otte, A. N., Park, N., Petrashyk, A., Pohl, M., Popkow, A., Pueschel, E., Quinn, J., Ragan, K., Reynolds, P. T., Richards, G. T., Roache, E., Rulten, C., Sadeh, I., Scott, S. S., Sembroski, G. H., Shahinyan, K., Sushch, I., Trépanier, S., Tyler, J., Vassiliev, V. V., Wakely, S. P., Weinstein, A., Wells, R. M., Wilcox, P., Wilhelm, A., Williams, D. A., Zitzer, B., Tetarenko, A. J., Kimball, A. E., Miller-Jones, J. C. A., Sivakoff, G. R., Physics, Elementary Particle Physics, Vriendenkring VUB, Faculty of Sciences and Bioengineering Sciences, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Montpellier 2 - Sciences et Techniques (UM2), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire d'Annecy de Physique des Particules (LAPP), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP), Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Grenoble (OSUG ), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), Współautorami artykułu są członkowie różnych grup badawczych w liczbie 875, Astrophysique Interprétation Modélisation (AIM (UMR7158 / UMR_E_9005 / UM_112)), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1 (UB)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Grenoble (OSUG ), Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019])-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019]), Université Montpellier 2 - Sciences et Techniques (UM2)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Observatoire de Paris, and PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)
Subjects: High energy, Kanata, Swift/NuSTAR, Astrophysics, Blazar, blazar: emission, 01 natural sciences, 7. Clean energy, Coincidence, Multidisciplinary, Blazar, Neutrino, High Energy Physics - Experiment, neutrino, High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex), ASAS-SN, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, HESS - Abteilung Hofmann, Computer Science::Databases, Physics, HAWC - Abteilung Hinton, High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE), COSMIC cancer database, Multidisciplinary, Supernova, gamma ray: emission, VERITAS, Neutrino, Kapteyn, Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, General Science & Technology, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, FOS: Physical sciences, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, IceCube Collaboration, jet: relativistic, AGILE, Coincident, Subaru, 0103 physical sciences, Kiso, supernova, neutrino event IceCube-170922A, gamma-ray blazar TXS 0506+056, quasar, Astrophysics::Galaxy Astrophysics, ta115, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, INTEGRAL, background, Liverpool Telescope, VLA/17B-403 teams, MAGIC, messenger, flux, gamma ray: VHE, 13. Climate action, general, Diffuse flux, High Energy Physics::Experiment, Fermi-LAT, [PHYS.ASTR]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph], HAWC, H.E.S.S
Abstract: INTRODUCTION Neutrinos are tracers of cosmic-ray acceleration: electrically neutral and traveling at nearly the speed of light, they can escape the densest environments and may be traced back to their source of origin. High-energy neutrinos are expected to be produced in blazars: intense extragalactic radio, optical, x-ray, and, in some cases, γ-ray sources characterized by relativistic jets of plasma pointing close to our line of sight. Blazars are among the most powerful objects in the Universe and are widely speculated to be sources of high-energy cosmic rays. These cosmic rays generate high-energy neutrinos and γ-rays, which are produced when the cosmic rays accelerated in the jet interact with nearby gas or photons. On 22 September 2017, the cubic-kilometer IceCube Neutrino Observatory detected a ~290-TeV neutrino from a direction consistent with the flaring γ-ray blazar TXS 0506+056. We report the details of this observation and the results of a multiwavelength follow-up campaign. RATIONALE Multimessenger astronomy aims for globally coordinated observations of cosmic rays, neutrinos, gravitational waves, and electromagnetic radiation across a broad range of wavelengths. The combination is expected to yield crucial information on the mechanisms energizing the most powerful astrophysical sources. That the production of neutrinos is accompanied by electromagnetic radiation from the source favors the chances of a multiwavelength identification. In particular, a measured association of high-energy neutrinos with a flaring source of γ-rays would elucidate the mechanisms and conditions for acceleration of the highest-energy cosmic rays. The discovery of an extraterrestrial diffuse flux of high-energy neutrinos, announced by IceCube in 2013, has characteristic properties that hint at contributions from extragalactic sources, although the individual sources remain as yet unidentified. Continuously monitoring the entire sky for astrophysical neutrinos, IceCube provides real-time triggers for observatories around the world measuring γ-rays, x-rays, optical, radio, and gravitational waves, allowing for the potential identification of even rapidly fading sources. RESULTS A high-energy neutrino-induced muon track was detected on 22 September 2017, automatically generating an alert that was distributed worldwide within 1 min of detection and prompted follow-up searches by telescopes over a broad range of wavelengths. On 28 September 2017, the Fermi Large Area Telescope Collaboration reported that the direction of the neutrino was coincident with a cataloged γ-ray source, 0.1° from the neutrino direction. The source, a blazar known as TXS 0506+056 at a measured redshift of 0.34, was in a flaring state at the time with enhanced γ-ray activity in the GeV range. Follow-up observations by imaging atmospheric Cherenkov telescopes, notably the Major Atmospheric Gamma Imaging Cherenkov (MAGIC) telescopes, revealed periods where the detected γ-ray flux from the blazar reached energies up to 400 GeV. Measurements of the source have also been completed at x-ray, optical, and radio wavelengths. We have investigated models associating neutrino and γ-ray production and find that correlation of the neutrino with the flare of TXS 0506+056 is statistically significant at the level of 3 standard deviations (sigma). On the basis of the redshift of TXS 0506+056, we derive constraints for the muon-neutrino luminosity for this source and find them to be similar to the luminosity observed in γ-rays. CONCLUSION The energies of the γ-rays and the neutrino indicate that blazar jets may accelerate cosmic rays to at least several PeV. The observed association of a high-energy neutrino with a blazar during a period of enhanced γ-ray emission suggests that blazars may indeed be one of the long-sought sources of very-high-energy cosmic rays, and hence responsible for a sizable fraction of the cosmic neutrino flux observed by IceCube.
Published: 2018

14. Search for Very High Energy Gamma Rays from the Northern Fermi Bubble Region with HAWC

Author: HAWC Collaboration, Abeysekara, A., Albert, A., Alfaro, R., Alvarez, C., Álvarez, J., Arceo, R., Arteaga-Velázquez, J., Solares, H., Barber, A., Bautista-Elivar, N., Becerril, A., Belmont-Moreno, E., BenZvi, S., Berley, D., Braun, J., Brisbois, C., Caballero-Mora, K., Capistrán, T., Carramiñana, A., Casanova, S., Castillo, M., Cotti, U., Cotzomi, J., de León, S., De León, C., De la Fuente, E., Hernandez, R., Dingus, B., DuVernois, M., Díaz-Vélez, J., Ellsworth, R., Engel, K., Fick, B., Fiorino, D., Fleischhack, H., Fraija, N., García-González, J., Garfias, F., Gerhardt, M., Muñoz, A., González, M., Goodman, J., Hampel-Arias, Z., Harding, J., Hernandez, S., Hernandez-Almada, A., Hinton, J., Hona, B., Hui, C., Hüntemeyer, P., Iriarte, A., Jardin-Blicq, A., Joshi, V., Kaufmann, S., Kieda, D., Lara, A., Lauer, R., Lee, W., Lennarz, D., Vargas, H., Linnemann, J., Longinotti, A., Raya, G., Luna-García, R., López-Coto, R., Malone, K., Marinelli, S., Martinez, O., Martinez-Castellanos, I., Martínez-Castro, J., Martínez-Huerta, H., Matthews, J., Miranda-Romagnoli, P., Moreno, E., Mostafá, M., Nellen, L., Newbold, M., Nisa, M., Noriega-Papaqui, R., Pelayo, R., Pretz, J., Pérez-Pérez, E., Ren, Z., Rho, C., Rivière, C., Rosa-González, D., Rosenberg, M., Ruiz Velasco, E., Salazar, H., Greus, F., Sandoval, A., Schneider, M., Schoorlemmer, H., Sinnis, G., Smith, A., Springer, R., Surajbali, P., Taboada, I., Tibolla, O., Tollefson, K., Torres, I., Ukwatta, T., Vianello, G., Weisgarber, T., Westerhoff, S., Wisher, I., Wood, J., Yapici, T., Yodh, G., Zepeda, A., and Zhou, H.
Subjects: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE), Physics, HAWC - Abteilung Hinton, Particle physics, High energy, Proton, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Bubble, Computer Science::Information Retrieval, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Hadron, Gamma ray, FOS: Physical sciences, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Computer Science::Computation and Language (Computational Linguistics and Natural Language and Speech Processing), 01 natural sciences, Space and Planetary Science, 0103 physical sciences, High Energy Physics::Experiment, Neutrino, Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, Cherenkov radiation, Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope
Abstract: We present a search of very high energy gamma-ray emission from the Northern $\textit{Fermi}$ Bubble region using data collected with the High Altitude Water Cherenkov (HAWC) gamma-ray observatory. The size of the data set is 290 days. No significant excess is observed in the Northern $\textit{Fermi}$ Bubble region, hence upper limits above $1\,\text{TeV}$ are calculated. The upper limits are between $3\times 10^{-7}\,\text{GeV}\, \text{cm}^{-2}\, \text{s}^{-1}\,\text{sr}^{-1}$ and $4\times 10^{-8}\,\text{GeV}\,\text{cm}^{-2}\,\text{s}^{-1}\,\text{sr}^{-1}$. The upper limits disfavor a proton injection spectrum that extends beyond $100\,\text{TeV}$ without being suppressed. They also disfavor a hadronic injection spectrum derived from neutrino measurements.
Published: 2017

15. A luminous and isolated gamma-ray flare from the blazar B2 1215+30

Author: Veritas, Collaboration, Abeysekara, A. U., Archambault, S., Archer, A., Benbow, W., Bird, R., Buchovecky, M., Buckley, J. H., Bugaev, V., Byrum, K., Cerruti, M., Chen, X., Ciupik, L., Cui, W., Dickinson, H. J., Eisch, J. D., Errando, M., Falcone, A., Feng, Q., Finley, J. P., Fleischhack, H., Fortson, L., Furniss, A., Gillanders, G. H., Griffin, S., Grube, J., Hutten, M., Hakansson, N., Hanna, D., Holder, J., Humensky, T. B., Johnson, C. A., Kaaret, P., Kar, P., Kertzman, M., Kieda, D., Krause, M., Krennrich, F., Kumar, S., Lang, M. J., Gernot Maier, Mcarthur, S., Mccann, A., Meagher, K., Moriarty, P., Mukherjee, R., Nguyen, T., Nieto, D., Ong, R. A., Otte, A. N., Park, N., Pelassa, V., Pohl, M., Popkow, A., Pueschel, E., Quinn, J., Ragan, K., Reynolds, P. T., Richards, G. T., Roache, E., Rulten, C., Santander, M., Sembroski, G. H., Shahinyan, K., Staszak, D., Telezhinsky, I., Tucci, J. V., Tyler, J., Wakely, S. P., Weiner, O. M., Weinstein, A., Wilhelm, A., Williams, D. A., Fermi-LAT Collaboration, Fegan, S., Giebels, B., Horan, D., Berdyugin, A., Kuan, J., Lindfors, E., Nilsson, K., Oksanen, A., Prokoph, H., Reinthal, R., Takalo, L., Zefi, F., AstroParticule et Cosmologie (APC (UMR_7164)), Observatoire de Paris, PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire Leprince-Ringuet (LLR), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Énergies (LPNHE (UMR_7585)), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), VERITAS, Fermi-LAT, Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Observatoire de Paris, PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7), AstroParticule et Cosmologie ( APC - UMR 7164 ), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS ( IN2P3 ) -Observatoire de Paris-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 ( UPD7 ) -Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives ( CEA ), Laboratoire Leprince-Ringuet ( LLR ), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS ( IN2P3 ) -École polytechnique ( X ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Énergies ( LPNHE ), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 ( UPMC ) -Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS ( IN2P3 ) -Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 ( UPD7 ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), and Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: multiwavelength observations, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, [ PHYS.ASTR ] Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph], Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, galaxies: active, FOS: Physical sciences, Astrophysics, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, swift ultraviolet/optical telescope, 01 natural sciences, law.invention, bl lacertae objects, law, Observatory, 0103 physical sciences, gamma rays: galaxies, Astrophysics::Solar and Stellar Astrophysics, ddc:530, MAGIC (telescope), Blazar, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, Cherenkov radiation, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, BL Lacertae objects: individual, Physics, High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE), Spectral index, particle-acceleration, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Gamma ray, Institut für Physik und Astronomie, Astronomy and Astrophysics, source catalog, galaxies: jets, spectral energy-distributions, bl lacertae objects: individual (b2 1215+30, ver j1217+301), large-area telescope, Crab Nebula, Space and Planetary Science, active galactic nuclei, reconnection, ddc:520, galaxies: nuclei, Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, [PHYS.ASTR]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph], discovery, Flare
Abstract: The astrophysical journal 836(2), 205 (2017). doi:10.3847/1538-4357/836/2/205, B2 1215+30 is a BL-Lac-type blazar that was first detected at TeV energies by the MAGIC atmospheric Cherenkov telescopes and subsequently confirmed by the Very Energetic Radiation Imaging Telescope Array System (VERITAS) observatory with data collected between 2009 and 2012. In 2014 February 08, VERITAS detected a large-amplitude flare from B2 1215+30 during routine monitoring observations of the blazar 1ES 1218+304, located in the same field of view. The TeV flux reached 2.4 times the Crab Nebula flux with a variability timescale of $\lt 3.6\,\mathrm{hr}$. Multiwavelength observations with Fermi-LAT, Swift, and the Tuorla Observatory revealed a correlated high GeV flux state and no significant optical counterpart to the flare, with a spectral energy distribution where the gamma-ray luminosity exceeds the synchrotron luminosity. When interpreted in the framework of a one-zone leptonic model, the observed emission implies a high degree of beaming, with Doppler factor $\delta \gt 10$, and an electron population with spectral index $p\lt 2.3$., Published by IOP Publ., Chicago, Ill. [u.a.]
Published: 2017

16. Search for Magnetically Broadened Cascade Emission From Blazars with VERITAS

Author: Veritas, Collaboration, Archambault, S., Archer, A., Benbow, W., Buchovecky, M., Bugaev, V., Cerruti, M., Connolly, M. P., Cui, W., Falcone, A., Fernández Alonso, M., Finley, J. P., Fleischhack, H., Fortson, L., Furniss, A., Griffin, S., Hütten, M., Hervet, O., Holder, J., Humensky, T. B., Johnson, C. A., Kaaret, P., Kar, P., Kieda, D., Krause, M., Krennrich, F., Lang, M. J., Lin, T. T. Y., Gernot Maier, Mcarthur, S., Moriarty, P., Nieto, D., O Brien, S., Ong, R. A., Otte, A. N., Pohl, M., Popkow, A., Pueschel, E., Quinn, J., Ragan, K., Reynolds, P. T., Richards, G. T., Roache, E., Rovero, A. C., Sadeh, I., Shahinyan, K., Staszak, D., Telezhinsky, I., Tyler, J., Wakely, S. P., Weinstein, A., Weisgarber, T., Wilcox, P., Wilhelm, A., Williams, D. A., and Zitzer, B.
Subjects: extragalactic background light, Photon, GALAXIES [GAMMA RAYS], Ciencias Físicas, Cosmic microwave background, Astrophysics, magnetic fields, 7. Clean energy, 01 natural sciences, purl.org/becyt/ford/1 [https], pair halos, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, ACTIVE [GALAXIES], fields, Physics, High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE), Gamma ray, cosmic voids, universe, large-area telescope, Extragalactic background light, Cascade, ddc:53, GENERAL [BL LACERTAE OBJECTS], Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, CIENCIAS NATURALES Y EXACTAS, Active galactic nucleus, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, galaxies: active, FOS: Physical sciences, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, gamma rays: galaxies, 0103 physical sciences, 010306 general physics, Blazar, Astrophysics::Galaxy Astrophysics, bl lacertae objects: general, gamma-ray observations, tev blazars, Institut für Physik und Astronomie, Astronomy and Astrophysics, purl.org/becyt/ford/1.3 [https], MAGNETIC FIELDS, radiation, Astronomía, 13. Climate action, Space and Planetary Science, active galactic nuclei, ddc:520, Intergalactic travel
Abstract: We present a search for magnetically broadened gamma-ray emission around active galactic nuclei (AGN), using VERITAS observations of seven hard-spectrum blazars. A cascade process occurs when multi-TeV gamma rays from AGN interact with extragalactic background light (EBL) photons to produce electron-positron pairs, which then interact with cosmic microwave background (CMB) photons via inverse-Compton scattering to produce gamma rays. Due to the deflection of the electron-positron pairs, a non-zero intergalactic magnetic field (IGMF) would potentially produce detectable effects on the angular distribution of the cascade emission. In particular, an angular broadening compared to the unscattered emission could occur. Through non-detection of angularly broadened emission from 1ES 1218+304, the source with the largest predicted cascade fraction, we exclude a range of IGMF strengths around $10^{-14}$G at the 95% confidence level. The extent of the exclusion range varies with the assumptions made about the intrinsic spectrum of 1ES 1218+304 and the EBL model used in the simulation of the cascade process. All of the sources are used to set limits on the flux due to extended emission., Comment: Accepted for publication in The Astrophysical Journal
Published: 2017
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17. Multiwavelength follow-up of a rare IceCube neutrino multiplet

Author: Aartsen, M. G., Ackermann, M., Adams, J., Aguilar, J. A., Ahlers, M., Ahrens, M., Samarai, I. Al, Altmann, D., Andeen, K., Anderson, T., Ansseau, I., Anton, G., Archinger, M., Arg��elles, C., Auffenberg, J., Axani, S., Bai, X., Barwick, S. W., Baum, V., Bay, R., Beatty, J. J., Tjus, J. Becker, Becker, K. -H., BenZvi, S., Berley, D., Bernardini, E., Bernhard, A., Besson, D. Z., Binder, G., Bindig, D., Blaufuss, E., Blot, S., Bohm, C., B��rner, M., Bos, F., Bose, D., B��ser, S., Botner, O., Braun, J., Brayeur, L., Bretz, H. -P., Bron, S., Burgman, A., Carver, T., Casier, M., Cheung, E., Chirkin, D., Christov, A., Clark, K., Classen, L., Coenders, S., Collin, G. H., Conrad, J. M., Cowen, D. F., Cross, R., Day, M., de, J. P. A. M., R��, De Clercq, C., Rosendo, E. del Pino, Dembinski, H., De Ridder, S., Desiati, P., de Vries, K. D., de Wasseige, G., de With, M., DeYoung, T., di Lorenzo, V., Dujmovic, H., Dumm, J. P., Dunkman, M., Eberhardt, B., Ehrhardt, T., Eichmann, B., Eller, P., Euler, S., Evenson, P. A., Fahey, S., Fazely, A. R., Feintzeig, J., Felde, J., Filimonov, K., Finley, C., Flis, S., F��sig, C. -C., Franckowiak, A., Friedman, E., Fuchs, T., Gaisser, T. K., Gallagher, J., Gerhardt, L., Ghorbani, K., Giang, W., Gladstone, L., Glauch, T., Gl��senkamp, T., Goldschmidt, A., Gonzalez, J. G., Grant, D., Griffith, Z., Haack, C., Hallgren, A., Halzen, F., Hansen, E., Hansmann, T., Hanson, K., Hebecker, D., Heereman, D., Helbing, K., Hellauer, R., Hickford, S., Hignight, J., Hill, G. C., Hoffman, K. D., Hoffmann, R., Hoshina, K., Huang, F., Huber, M., Hultqvist, K., In, S., Ishihara, A., Jacobi, E., Japaridze, G. S., Jeong, M., Jero, K., Jones, B. J. P., Kang, W., Kappes, A., Karg, T., Karle, A., Katz, U., Kauer, M., Keivani, A., Kelley, J. L., Kheirandish, A., Kim, J., Kim, M., Kintscher, T., Kiryluk, J., Kittler, T., Klein, S. R., Kohnen, G., Koirala, R., Kolanoski, H., Konietz, R., K��pke, L., Kopper, C., Kopper, S., Koskinen, D. J., Kowalski, M., Krings, K., Kroll, M., Kr��ckl, G., Kr��ger, C., Kunnen, J., Kunwar, S., Kurahashi, N., Kuwabara, T., Kyriacou, A., Labare, M., Lanfranchi, J. L., Larson, M. J., Lauber, F., Lesiak-Bzdak, M., Leuermann, M., Lu, L., L��nemann, J., Madsen, J., Maggi, G., Mahn, K. B. M., Mancina, S., Mandelartz, M., Maruyama, R., Mase, K., Maunu, R., McNally, F., Meagher, K., Medici, M., Meier, M., Menne, T., Merino, G., Meures, T., Miarecki, S., Micallef, J., Moment��, G., Montaruli, T., Moulai, M., Nahnhauer, R., Naumann, U., Neer, G., Niederhausen, H., Nowicki, S. C., Nygren, D. R., Pollmann, A. Obertacke, Olivas, A., O'Murchadha, A., Palczewski, T., Pandya, H., Pankova, D. V., Peiffer, P., Penek, ��., Pepper, J. A., Heros, C. P��rez de los, Pieloth, D., Pinat, E., Price, P. B., Przybylski, G. T., Quinnan, M., Raab, C., R��del, L., Rameez, M., Rawlins, K., Reimann, R., Relethford, B., Relich, M., Resconi, E., Rhode, W., Richman, M., Riedel, B., Robertson, S., Rongen, M., Rott, C., Ruhe, T., Ryckbosch, D., Rysewyk, D., Sabbatini, L., Herrera, S. E. Sanchez, Sandrock, A., Sandroos, J., Sarkar, S., Satalecka, K., Schlunder, P., Schmidt, T., Schoenen, S., Sch��neberg, S., Schumacher, L., Seckel, D., Seunarine, S., Soldin, D., Song, M., Spiczak, G. M., Spiering, C., Stachurska, J., Stanev, T., Stasik, A., Stettner, J., Steuer, A., Stezelberger, T., Stokstad, R. G., St��l, A., Str��m, R., Strotjohann, N. L., Sullivan, G. W., Sutherland, M., Taavola, H., Taboada, I., Tatar, J., Tenholt, F., Ter-Antonyan, S., Terliuk, A., Te��i��, G., Tilav, S., Toale, P. A., Tobin, M. N., Toscano, S., Tosi, D., Tselengidou, M., Tung, C. F., Turcati, A., Unger, E., Usner, M., Vandenbroucke, J., van Eijndhoven, N., Vanheule, S., van Rossem, M., van Santen, J., Vehring, M., Voge, M., Vogel, E., Vraeghe, M., Walck, C., Wallace, A., Wallraff, M., Wandkowsky, N., Waza, A., Weaver, Ch., Weiss, M. J., Wendt, C., Westerhoff, S., Whelan, B. J., Wickmann, S., Wiebe, K., Wiebusch, C. H., Wille, L., Williams, D. R., Wills, L., Wolf, M., Wood, T. R., Woolsey, E., Woschnagg, K., Xu, D. L., Xu, X. W., Xu, Y., Yanez, J. P., Yodh, G., Yoshida, S., Zoll, M., Stanek, K. Z., Shappee, B. J., Kochanek, C. S., Holoien, T. W. -S., Prieto, J. L., Fox, D. B., DeLaunay, J. J., Turley, C. F., Barthelmy, S. D., Lien, A. Y., M��sz��ros, P., Murase, K., Kocevski, D., Buehler, R., Giomi, M., Racusin, J. L., Albert, A., Alfaro, R., Alvarez, C., ��lvarez, J. D., Arceo, R., Arteaga-Vel��zquez, J. C., Solares, H. A. Ayala, Barber, A. S., Becerril, N. Baustista-Elivar A., Belmont-Moreno, E., Bernal, A., Brisbois, C., Caballero-Mora, K. S., Capistr��n, T., Carrami��ana, A., Casanova, S., Castillo, M., Cotti, U., de Le��n, S. Couti��o, de la Fuente, E., De Le��n, C., Hernandez, R. Diaz, D��az-V��lez, J. C., Dingus, B. L., DuVernois, M. A., Ellsworth, R. W., Engel, K., Fiorino, D. W., Fraija, N., Garc��a-Gonz��lez, J. A., Gerhardt, M., Mu��oz, A. Gonz��lez, Gonz��lez, M. M., Goodman, J. A., Hampel-Arias, Z., Harding, J. P., Hernandez, S., Hui, C. M., H��ntemeyer, P., Iriarte, A., Jardin-Blicq, A., Joshi, V., Kaufmann, S., Lara, A., Lauer, R. J., Lee, W. H., Lennarz, D., Vargas, H. Le��n, Linnemann, J. T., Raya, G. Luis, Luna-Garc��a, R., L��pez-Coto, R., Malone, K., Marinelli, S. S., Martinez, O., Martinez-Castellanos, I., Mart��nez-Castro, J., Mart��nez-Huerta, H., Matthews, J. A., Miranda-Romagnoli, P., Moreno, E., Mostaf��, M., Nellen, L., Newbold, M., Nisa, M. U., Noriega-Papaqui, R., Pelayo, R., Pretz, J., P��rez-P��rez, E. G., Ren, Z., Rho, C. D., Rivi��re, C., Rosa-Gonz��lez, D., Rosenberg, M., Greus, F. Salesa, Sandoval, A., Schneider, M., Schoorlemmer, H., Sinnis, G., Smith, A. J., Springer, R. W., Surajbali, P., Tibolla, O., Tollefson, K., Torres, I., Ukwatta, T. N., Villase��or, L., Weisgarber, T., Wisher, I. G., Wood, J., Yapici, T., Zepeda, A., Zhou, H., Arcavi, I., Hosseinzadeh, G., Howell, D. A., Valenti, S., McCully, C., Lipunov, V. M., Gorbovskoy, E. S., Tiurina, N. V., Balanutsa, P. V., Kuznetsov, A. S., Kornilov, V. G., Chazov, V., Budnev, N. M., Gress, O. A., Ivanov, K. I., Tlatov, A. G., Lopez, R. Rebolo, Serra-Ricart, M., Evans, P. A., Kennea, J. A., Gehrels, N., Osborne, J. P., Page, K. L., Abeysekara, A. U., Archer, A., Benbow, W., Bird, R., Brantseg, T., Bugaev, V., Cardenzana, J. V, Connolly, M. P., Cui, W., Falcone, A., Feng, Q., Finley, J. P., Fleischhack, H., Fortson, L., Furniss, A., Griffin, S., Grube, J., H��tten, M., Hervet, O., Holder, J., Hughes, G., Humensky, T. B., Johnson, C. A., Kaaret, P., Kar, P., Kelley-Hoskins, N., Kertzman, M., Krause, M., Kumar, S., Lang, M. J., Lin, T. T. Y., McArthur, S., Moriarty, P., Mukherjee, R., Nieto, D., Ong, R. A., Otte, A. N., Pohl, M., Popkow, A., Pueschel, E., Quinn, J., Ragan, K., Reynolds, P. T., Richards, G. T., Roache, E., Rulten, C., Sadeh, I., Santander, M., Sembroski, G. H., Staszak, D., Tr��panier, S., Tyler, J., Wakely, S. P., Weinstein, A., Wilcox, P., Wilhelm, A., Williams, D. A., Zitzer, B., Bellm, E., Cano, Z., Gal-Yam, A., Kann, D. A., Ofek, E. O., Rigault, M., Soumagnac, M., National Science Foundation (US), Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología (México), Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, National Aeronautics and Space Administration (US), Villum Fonden, UK Space Agency, Physics, Elementary Particle Physics, Faculty of Sciences and Bioengineering Sciences, and Vriendenkring VUB
Subjects: Supernovae: general, Astrophysics, general [gamma-ray burst], 01 natural sciences, 7. Clean energy, LARGE-AREA TELESCOPE, law.invention, law, Observatory, all-sky survey, emission, Muon neutrino, X-rays: bursts, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, media_common, Physics, High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE), GAMMA-RAY BURSTS, gamma-ray bursts, Gamma-ray burst: general, neutrinos, Galaxies: active, Supernova, large-area telescope, astroparticle physics, ALL-SKY SURVEY, tidal disruption, active [galaxies], Neutrino, Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, grb optical afterglows, general [supernovae], alert system, ACTIVE GALACTIC NUCLEI, Active galactic nucleus, bursts [X-rays], TIDAL DISRUPTION, media_common.quotation_subject, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, FOS: Physical sciences, Telescope, 0103 physical sciences, luminosity function, Neutrinos, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, GRB OPTICAL AFTERGLOWS, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Astroparticle physics, Space and Planetary Science, swift-bat survey, Physics and Astronomy, 13. Climate action, Sky, LUMINOSITY FUNCTION, active galactic nuclei, ddc:520, SWIFT-BAT SURVEY, EMISSION, Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope, ALERT SYSTEM
Abstract: Full list of authors: Aartsen, M. G.; Ackermann, M.; Adams, J.; Aguilar, J. A.; Ahlers, M.; Ahrens, M.; Al Samarai, I.; Altmann, D.; Andeen, K.; Anderson, T.; Ansseau, I.; Anton, G.; Archinger, M.; Argüelles, C.; Auffenberg, J.; Axani, S.; Bai, X.; Barwick, S. W.; Baum, V. Bay, R.; Beatty, J. J.; Tjus, J. Becker; Becker, K. -H.; Benzvi, S.; Berley, D.; Bernardini, E.; Bernhard, A.; Besson, D. Z.; Binder, G.; Bindig, D.; Blaufuss, E.; Blot, S.; Bohm, C.; Börner, M.; Bos, F.; Bose, D.; Böser, S.; Botner, O.; Braun, J.; Brayeur, L.; Bretz, H. -P.; Bron, S.; Burgman, A.; Carver, T.; Casier, M.; Cheung, E.; Chirkin, D.; Christov, A.; Clark, K.; Classen, L.; Coenders, S.; Collin, G. H.; Conrad, J. M.; Cowen, D. F.; Cross, R.; Day, M.; de André, J. P. A. M.; de Clercq, C.; Del Pino Rosendo, E.; Dembinski, H.; De Ridder, S.; Desiati, P.; de Vries, K. D.; de Wasseige, G.; de With, M.; Deyoung, T.; di Lorenzo, V.; Dujmovic, H.; Dumm, J. P.; Dunkman, M.; Eberhardt, B.; Ehrhardt, T.; Eichmann, B.; Eller, P.; Euler, S.; Evenson, P. A.; Fahey, S.; Fazely, A. R.; Feintzeig, J.; Felde, J.; Filimonov, K.; Finley, C.; Flis, S.; Fösig, C. -C.; Franckowiak, A.; Friedman, E.; Fuchs, T.; Gaisser, T. K.; Gallagher, J.; Gerhardt, L.; Ghorbani, K.; Giang, W.; Gladstone, L.; Glauch, T.; Glüsenkamp, T.; Goldschmidt, A.; Gonzalez, J. G.; Grant, D.; Griffith, Z.; Haack, C.; Hallgren, A.; Halzen, F.; Hansen, E.; Hansmann, T.; Hanson, K.; Hebecker, D.; Heereman, D.; Helbing, K.; Hellauer, R.; Hickford, S.; Hignight, J.; Hill, G. C.; Hoffman, K. D.; Hoffmann, R.; Hoshina, K.; Huang, F.; Huber, M.; Hultqvist, K.; in, S.; Ishihara, A.; Jacobi, E.; Japaridze, G. S.; Jeong, M.; Jero, K.; Jones, B. J. P.; Kang, W.; Kappes, A.; Karg, T.; Karle, A.; Katz, U.; Kauer, M.; Keivani, A.; Kelley, J. L.; Kheirandish, A.; Kim, J.; Kim, M.; Kintscher, T.; Kiryluk, J.; Kittler, T.; Klein, S. R.; Kohnen, G.; Koirala, R.; Kolanoski, H.; Konietz, R.; Köpke, L.; Kopper, C.; Kopper, S.; Koskinen, D. J.; Kowalski, M.; Krings, K.; Kroll, M.; Krückl, G.; Krüger, C.; Kunnen, J.; Kunwar, S.; Kurahashi, N.; Kuwabara, T.; Kyriacou, A.; Labare, M.; Lanfranchi, J. L.; Larson, M. J.; Lauber, F.; Lesiak-Bzdak, M.; Leuermann, M.; Lu, L.; Lünemann, J.; Madsen, J.; Maggi, G.; Mahn, K. B. M.; Mancina, S.; Mandelartz, M.; Maruyama, R.; Mase, K.; Maunu, R.; McNally, F.; Meagher, K.; Medici, M.; Meier, M.; Menne, T.; Merino, G.; Meures, T.; Miarecki, S.; Micallef, J.; Momenté, G.; Montaruli, T.; Moulai, M.; Nahnhauer, R.; Naumann, U.; Neer, G.; Niederhausen, H.; Nowicki, S. C.; Nygren, D. R.; Obertacke Pollmann, A.; Olivas, A.; O'Murchadha, A.; Palczewski, T.; Pandya, H.; Pankova, D. V.; Peiffer, P.; Penek, Ö.; Pepper, J. A.; Pérez de Los Heros, C.; Pieloth, D.; Pinat, E.; Price, P. B.; Przybylski, G. T.; Quinnan, M.; Raab, C.; Rädel, L.; Rameez, M.; Rawlins, K.; Reimann, R.; Relethford, B.; Relich, M.; Resconi, E.; Rhode, W.; Richman, M.; Riedel, B.; Robertson, S.; Rongen, M.; Rott, C.; Ruhe, T.; Ryckbosch, D.; Rysewyk, D.; Sabbatini, L.; Sanchez Herrera, S. E.; Sandrock, A.; Sandroos, J.; Sarkar, S.; Satalecka, K.; Schlunder, P.; Schmidt, T.; Schoenen, S.; Schöneberg, S.; Schumacher, L.; Seckel, D.; Seunarine, S.; Soldin, D.; Song, M.; Spiczak, G. M.; Spiering, C.; Stachurska, J.; Stanev, T.; Stasik, A.; Stettner, J.; Steuer, A.; Stezelberger, T.; Stokstad, R. G.; Stößl, A.; Ström, R.; Strotjohann, N. L.; Sullivan, G. W.; Sutherland, M.; Taavola, H.; Taboada, I.; Tatar, J.; Tenholt, F.; Ter-Antonyan, S.; Terliuk, A.; Tešić, G.; Tilav, S.; Toale, P. A.; Tobin, M. N.; Toscano, S.; Tosi, D.; Tselengidou, M.; Tung, C. F.; Turcati, A.; Unger, E.; Usner, M.; Vandenbroucke, J.; van Eijndhoven, N.; Vanheule, S.; van Rossem, M.; van Santen, J.; Vehring, M.; Voge, M.; Vogel, E.; Vraeghe, M.; Walck, C.; Wallace, A.; Wallraff, M.; Wandkowsky, N.; Waza, A.; Weaver, Ch.; Weiss, M. J.; Wendt, C.; Westerhoff, S.; Whelan, B. J.; Wickmann, S.; Wiebe, K.; Wiebusch, C. H.; Wille, L.; Williams, D. R.; Wills, L.; Wolf, M.; Wood, T. R.; Woolsey, E.; Woschnagg, K.; Xu, D. L.; Xu, X. W.; Xu, Y.; Yanez, J. P.; Yodh, G.; Yoshida, S.; Zoll, M.; Asas-Sn Collaboration; Stanek, K. Z.; Shappee, B. J.; Kochanek, C. S.; Holoien, T. W. -S.; Prieto, J. L.; Astrophysical Multimessenger Observatory Network; Fox, D. B.; Delaunay, J. J.; Turley, C. F.; Barthelmy, S. D.; Lien, A. Y.; Mészáros, P.; Murase, K.; Fermi Collaboration; Kocevski, D.; Buehler, R.; Giomi, M.; Racusin, J. L.; Hawc Collaboration; Albert, A.; Alfaro, R.; Alvarez, C.; Álvarez, J. D.; Arceo, R.; Arteaga-Velázquez, J. C.; Ayala Solares, H. A.; Barber, A. S.; Baustista-Elivar, N.; Becerril, A.; Belmont-Moreno, E.; Bernal, A.; Brisbois, C.; Caballero-Mora, K. S.; Capistrán, T.; Carramiñana, A.; Casanova, S.; Castillo, M.; Cotti, U.; Coutiño de León, S.; de La Fuente, E.; de León, C.; Diaz Hernandez, R.; Díaz-Vélez, J. C.; Dingus, B. L.; Duvernois, M. A.; Ellsworth, R. W.; Engel, K.; Fiorino, D. W.; Fraija, N.; García-González, J. A.; Gerhardt, M.; González Muñoz, A.; González, M. M.; Goodman, J. A.; Hampel-Arias, Z.; Harding, J. P.; Hernandez, S.; Hui, C. M.; Hüntemeyer, P.; Iriarte, A.; Jardin-Blicq, A.; Joshi, V.; Kaufmann, S.; Lara, A.; Lauer, R. J.; Lee, W. H.; Lennarz, D.; León Vargas, H.; Linnemann, J. T.; Luis Raya, G.; Luna-García, R.; López-Coto, R.; Malone, K.; Marinelli, S. S.; Martinez, O.; Martinez-Castellanos, I.; Martínez-Castro, J.; Martínez-Huerta, H.; Matthews, J. A.; Miranda-Romagnoli, P.; Moreno, E.; Mostafá, M.; Nellen, L.; Newbold, M.; Nisa, M. U.; Noriega-Papaqui, R.; Pelayo, R.; Pretz, J.; Pérez-Pérez, E. G.; Ren, Z.; Rho, C. D.; Rivière, C.; Rosa-González, D.; Rosenberg, M.; Salesa Greus, F.; Sandoval, A.; Schneider, M.; Schoorlemmer, H.; Sinnis, G.; Smith, A. J.; Springer, R. W.; Surajbali, P.; Tibolla, O.; Tollefson, K.; Torres, I.; Ukwatta, T. N.; Villaseñor, L.; Weisgarber, T.; Wisher, I. G.; Wood, J.; Yapici, T.; Zepeda, A.; Zhou, H.; Lco Collaboration; Arcavi, I.; Hosseinzadeh, G.; Howell, D. A.; Valenti, S.; McCully, C.; Master Collaboration; Lipunov, V. M.; Gorbovskoy, E. S.; Tiurina, N. V.; Balanutsa, P. V.; Kuznetsov, A. S.; Kornilov, V. G.; Chazov, V.; Budnev, N. M.; Gress, O. A.; Ivanov, K. I.; Tlatov, A. G.; Rebolo Lopez, R.; Serra-Ricart, M.; Swift Collaboration; Evans, P. A.; Kennea, J. A.; Gehrels, N.; Osborne, J. P.; Page, K. L.; VERITAS Collaboration; Abeysekara, A. U.; Archer, A.; Benbow, W.; Bird, R.; Brantseg, T.; Bugaev, V.; v Cardenzana, J.; Connolly, M. P.; Cui, W.; Falcone, A.; Feng, Q.; Finley, J. P.; Fleischhack, H.; Fortson, L.; Furniss, A.; Griffin, S.; Grube, J.; Hütten, M.; Hervet, O.; Holder, J.; Hughes, G.; Humensky, T. B.; Johnson, C. A.; Kaaret, P.; Kar, P.; Kelley-Hoskins, N.; Kertzman, M.; Krause, M.; Kumar, S.; Lang, M. J.; Lin, T. T. Y.; McArthur, S.; Moriarty, P.; Mukherjee, R.; Nieto, D.; Ong, R. A.; Otte, A. N.; Pohl, M.; Popkow, A.; Pueschel, E.; Quinn, J.; Ragan, K.; Reynolds, P. T.; Richards, G. T.; Roache, E.; Rulten, C.; Sadeh, I.; Santander, M.; Sembroski, G. H.; Staszak, D.; Trépanier, S.; Tyler, J.; Wakely, S. P.; Weinstein, A.; Wilcox, P.; Wilhelm, A.; Williams, D. A.; Zitzer, B.; Bellm, E.; Cano, Z.; Gal-Yam, A.; Kann, D. A.; Ofek, E. O.; Rigault, M.; Soumagnac, M., On February 17, 2016, the IceCube real-time neutrino search identified, for the first time, three muon neutrino candidates arriving within 100 s of one another, consistent with coming from the same point in the sky. Such a triplet is expected once every 13.7 years as a random coincidence of background events. However, considering the lifetime of the follow-up program the probability of detecting at least one triplet from atmospheric background is 32%. Follow-up observatories were notified in order to search for an electromagnetic counterpart. Observations were obtained by Swift's X-ray telescope, by ASAS-SN, LCO and MASTER at optical wavelengths, and by VERITAS in the very-high-energy gamma-ray regime. Moreover, the Swift BAT serendipitously observed the location 100 s after the first neutrino was detected, and data from the Fermi LAT and HAWC observatory were analyzed. We present details of the neutrino triplet and the follow-up observations. No likely electromagnetic counterpart was detected, and we discuss the implications of these constraints on candidate neutrino sources such as gamma-ray bursts, core-collapse supernovae and active galactic nucleus flares. This study illustrates the potential of and challenges for future follow-up campaigns. © ESO, 2017. © ESO, 2017., The IceCube Collaboration acknowledges the support from the following agencies: US National Science Foundation-Office of Polar Programs, US National Science Foundation-Physics Division, University of Wisconsin Alumni Research Foundation, the Grid Laboratory of Wisconsin (GLOW) grid infrastructure at the University of Wisconsin – Madison, the Open Science Grid (OSG) grid infrastructure; US Department of Energy, and National Energy Research Scientific Computing Center, the Louisiana Optical Network Initiative (LONI) grid computing resources; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada, WestGrid and Compute/Calcul Canada; Swedish Research Council, Swedish Polar Research Secretariat, Swedish National Infrastructure for Computing (SNIC), and Knut and Alice Wallenberg Foundation, Sweden; German Ministry for Education and Research (BMBF), Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG), Helmholtz Alliance for Astroparticle Physics (HAP), Research Department of Plasmas with Complex Interactions (Bochum), Germany; Fund for Scientific Research (FNRS-FWO), FWO Odysseus programme, Flanders Institute to encourage scientific and technological research in industry (IWT), Belgian Federal Science Policy Office (Belspo); University of Oxford, United Kingdom; Marsden Fund, New Zealand; Australian Research Council; Japan Society for Promotion of Science (JSPS); the Swiss National Science Foundation (SNSF), Switzerland; National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF); Villum Fonden, Danish National Research Foundation (DNRF), Denmark This work made use of data supplied by the UK Swift Science Data Centre at the University of Leicester. Funding for the Swift project in the UK is provided by the UK Space Agency. Part of this work was facilitated by the GROWTH project, a partnership in international research and education, NSF PIRE Grant No. 1545949. ASAS-SN is supported by NSF grant AST-1515927. Development of ASAS-SN has been supported by NSF grant AST-0908816, the Center for Cosmology and AstroParticle Physics at the Ohio State University, the Mt. Cuba Astronomical Foundation, and by George Skestos. The Fermi LAT Collaboration acknowledges generous ongoing support from a number of agencies and institutes that have supported both the development and the operation of the LAT as well as scientific data analysis. These include the National Aeronautics and Space Administration and the Department of Energy in the United States, the Commissariat à l’Energie Atomique and the Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique/Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules in France, the Agenzia Spaziale Italiana and the Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare in Italy, the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (MEXT), high-energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK) and Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA) in Japan, and the K. A. Wallenberg Foundation, the Swedish Research Council and the Swedish National Space Board in Sweden. Additional support for science analysis during the operations phase is gratefully acknowledged from the Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica in Italy and the Centre National d’Études Spatiales in France. The HAWC Collaboration acknowledges the support from: the US National Science Foundation (NSF); the US Department of Energy Office of High-Energy Physics; the Laboratory Directed Research and Development (LDRD) program of Los Alamos National Laboratory; Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología (CONACyT), México (grants 271051, 232656, 260378, 179588, 239762, 254964, 271737, 258865, 243290, 132197), Laboratorio Nacional HAWC de rayos gamma; L’OREAL Fellowship for Women in Science 2014; Red HAWC, México; DGAPA-UNAM (grants IG100317, IN111315, IN111716-3, IA102715, 109916, IA102917); VIEP-BUAP; PIFI 2012, 2013, PROFOCIE 2014, 2015;the University of Wisconsin Alumni Research Foundation; the Institute of Geophysics, Planetary Physics, andSignatures at Los Alamos National Laboratory; Polish Science Centre grant DEC-2014/13/B/ST9/945; Coordinación de la Investigación Científica de la Universidad Michoacana. We thank Luciano Díaz and Eduardo Murrieta for technical support of the HAWC detector. Support for I. Arcavi was provided by NASA through the Einstein Fellowship Program, grant PF6-170148. D. A. Howell, C. McCully, and G. Hosseinzadeh are supported by NSF-1313484. This work makes use of observations from the LCO network. VERITAS research is supported by grants from the U.S. Department of Energy Office of Science, the U.S. National Science Foundation and the Smithsonian Institution, and by NSERC in Canada. VERITAS acknowledges the excellent work of the technical support staff at the Fred Lawrence Whipple Observatory and at the collaborating institutions in the construction and operation of the instrument. E. O. Ofek and A. Gal-Yam acknowledge a Minerva grant.
Published: 2017

18. First NuSTAR Observations of Mrk 501 within a Radio to TeV Multi-Instrument Campaign

Author: Furniss, A., Noda, K., Boggs, S., Chiang, J., Christensen, F., Craig, W., Giommi, P., Hailey, C., Harisson, F., Madejski, G., Nalewajko, K., PERRI, Matteo, Stern, D., Urry, M., VERRECCHIA, Francesco, Zhang, W., NuSTAR Team, Ahnen, M. L., ANTONELLI, Lucio Angelo, Antonelli, L. A., Antoranz, P., Babic, A., Banerjee, B., Bangale, P., Barres de Almeida, U., Barrio, J. A., Becerra González, J., Bednarek, W., Bernardini, E., Biasuzzi, B., Biland, A., Blanch, O., Bonnefoy, S., Bonnoli, G., Borracci, F., Bretz, T., Carmona, E., Carosi, A., Chatterjee, A., Clavero, R., Colin, P., Colombo, E., Contreras, J. L., Cortina, J., COVINO, Stefano, Da Vela, P., Dazzi, F., De Angelis, A., De Caneva, G., De Lotto, B., de Oña Wilhelmi, E., Delgado Mendez, C., Di Pierro, F., Dominis Prester, D., Dorner, D., Doro, M., Einecke, S., Eisenacher Glawion, D., Elsaesser, D., Fernández-Barral, A., Fidalgo, D., Fonseca, M. V., Font, L., Frantzen, K., Fruck, C., Galindo, D., García López, R. J., Garczarczyk, M., Garrido Terrats, D., Gaug, M., Giammaria, P., Godinović, N., González Muñoz, A., Guberman, D., Hanabata, Y., Hayashida, M., Herrera, J., Hose, J., Hrupec, D., Hughes, G., Idec, W., Kellermann, H., Kodani, K., Konno, Y., Kubo, H., Kushida, J., LA BARBERA, ANTONINO, Lelas, D., Lewandowska, N., Lindfors, E., LOMBARDI, Saverio, Longo, F., López, M., López-Coto, R., López-Oramas, A., Lorenz, E., Majumdar, P., Makariev, M., Mallot, K., Maneva, G., Manganaro, M., Mannheim, K., Maraschi, L., Marcote, B., Mariotti, M., Martínez, M., Mazin, D., Menzel, U., Miranda, J. M., Mirzoyan, R., Moralejo, A., Nakajima, D., Neustroev, V., Niedzwiecki, A., Nievas Rosillo, M., Nilsson, K., Nishijima, K., Orito, R., Overkemping, A., PAIANO, Simona, Palacio, J., Palatiello, M., Paneque, D., Paoletti, R., Paredes, J. M., Paredes-Fortuny, X., Persic, M., Poutanen, J., Prada Moroni, P. G., PRANDINI, ELISA, Puljak, I., Reinthal, R., Rhode, W., Ribó, M., Rico, J., Rodriguez Garcia, J., Saito, T., Saito, K., Satalecka, K., Scapin, V., Schultz, C., Schweizer, T., Shore, S. N., Sillanpää, A., Sitarek, J., Snidaric, I., Sobczynska, D., STAMERRA, Antonio, Steinbring, T., Strzys, M., Takalo, L., Takami, H., TAVECCHIO, Fabrizio, Temnikov, P., Terzić, T., Tescaro, D., Teshima, M., Thaele, J., Torres, D. F., Toyama, T., Treves, A., Verguilov, V., Vovk, I., Will, M., Zanin, R., MAGIC Collaboration, Archer, A., Benbow, W., Bird, R., Biteau, J., Bugaev, V., Cardenzana, J. V., Cerruti, M., Chen, X., Ciupik, L., Connolly, M. P., Cui, W., Dickinson, H. J., Dumm, J., Eisch, J. D., Falcone, A., Feng, Q., Finley, J. P., Fleischhack, H., Fortin, P., Fortson, L., Gerard, L., Gillanders, G. H., Griffin, S., Griffiths, S. T., Grube, J., Gyuk, G., Håkansson, N., Holder, J., Humensky, T. B., Johnson, C. A., Kaaret, P., Kertzman, M., Kieda, D., Krause, M., Krennrich, F., Lang, M. J., Lin, T. T. Y., Maier, G., McArthur, S., McCann, A., Meagher, K., Moriarty, P., Mukherjee, R., Nieto, D., O'Faoláin de Bhróithe, A., Ong, R. A., Park, N., Petry, D., Pohl, M., Popkow, A., Ragan, K., Ratliff, G., Reyes, L. C., Reynolds, P. T., Richards, G. T., Roache, E., Santander, M., Sembroski, G. H., Shahinyan, K., Staszak, D., Telezhinsky, I., Tucci, J. V., Tyler, J., Vassiliev, V. V., Wakely, S. P., Weiner, O. M., Weinstein, A., Wilhelm, A., Williams, D. A., Zitzer, B., VERITAS Collaboration, Vince, O., Fuhrmann, L., Angelakis, E., Karamanavis, V., Myserlis, I., Krichbaum, T. P., Zensus, J. A., Ungerechts, H., Sievers, A., F-Gamma Consortium, The, Bachev, R., Böttcher, M., Chen, W. P., Damljanovic, G., Eswaraiah, C., Güver, T., Hovatta, T., Hughes, Z., Ibryamov, S. I., Joner, M. D., Jordan, B., Jorstad, S. G., Joshi, M., Kataoka, J., Kurtanidze, O. M., Kurtanidze, S. O., Lähteenmäki, A., Latev, G., Lin, H. C., Larionov, V. M., Mokrushina, A. A., Morozova, D. A., Nikolashvili, M. G., RAITERI, Claudia Maria, Ramakrishnan, V., Readhead, A. C. R., Sadun, A. C., Sigua, L. A., Semkov, E. H., Strigachev, A., Tammi, J., Tornikoski, M., Troitskaya, Y. V., Troitsky, I. S., VILLATA, Massimo, Department of Radio Science and Engineering, Aalto-yliopisto, Aalto University, Universitat de Barcelona, Furniss, A., Noda, K., Boggs, S., Chiang, J., Christensen, F., Craig, W., Giommi, P., Hailey, C., Harisson, F., Madejski, G., Nalewajko, K., Perri, M., Stern, D., Urry, M., Verrecchia, F., Zhang, W., Ahnen, M. L., Ansoldi, S., Antonelli, L. A., Antoranz, P., Babic, A., Banerjee, B., Bangale, P., Barres De Almeida, U., J., A. Barrio, Becerra González, J., Bednarek, W., Bernardini, E., Biasuzzi, B., Biland, A., Blanch, O., Bonnefoy, S., Bonnoli, G., Borracci, F., Bretz, T., Carmona, E., Carosi, A., Chatterjee, A., Clavero, R., Colin, P., Colombo, E., Contreras, J. L., Cortina, J., Covino, S., Da Vela, P., Dazzi, F., De Angelis, A., De Caneva, G., De Lotto, B., De Oña Wilhelmi, E., Delgado Mendez, C., Di Pierro, F., Dominis Prester, D., Dorner, D., Doro, M., Einecke, S., Eisenacher Glawion, D., Elsaesser, D., Fernández Barral, A., Fidalgo, D., Fonseca, M. V., Font, L., Frantzen, K., Fruck, C., Galindo, D., García López, R. J., Garczarczyk, M., Garrido Terrats, D., Gaug, M., Giammaria, P., Godinović, N., González Muñoz, A., Guberman, D., Hanabata, Y., Hayashida, M., Herrera, J., Hose, J., Hrupec, D., Hughes, G., Idec, W., Kellermann, H., Kodani, K., Konno, Y., Kubo, H., Kushida, J., La Barbera, A., Lelas, D., Lewandowska, N., Lindfors, E., Lombardi, S., Longo, Francesco, López, M., López Coto, R., López Oramas, A., Lorenz, E., Majumdar, P., Makariev, M., Mallot, K., Maneva, G., Manganaro, M., Mannheim, K., Maraschi, L., Marcote, B., Mariotti, M., Martínez, M., Mazin, D., Menzel, U., Miranda, J. M., Mirzoyan, R., Moralejo, A., Nakajima, D., Neustroev, V., Niedzwiecki, A., Nievas Rosillo, M., Nilsson, K., Nishijima, K., Orito, R., Overkemping, A., Paiano, S., Palacio, J., Palatiello, M., Paneque, D., Paoletti, R., Paredes, J. M., Paredes Fortuny, X., Persic, M., Poutanen, J., Prada Moroni, P. G., Prandini, E., Puljak, I., Reinthal, R., Rhode, W., Ribó, M., Rico, J., Rodriguez Garcia, J., Saito, T., Saito, K., Satalecka, K., Scapin, V., Schultz, C., Schweizer, T., Shore, S. N., Sillanpä, A., Sitarek, J., Snidaric, I., Sobczynska, D., Stamerra, A., Steinbring, T., Strzys, M., Takalo, L., Takami, H., Tavecchio, F., Temnikov, P., Terzić, T., Tescaro, D., Teshima, M., Thaele, J., Torres, D. F., Toyama, T., Treves, A., Verguilov, V., Vovk, I., Will, M., Zanin, R., Archer, A., Benbow, W., Bird, R., Biteau, J., Bugaev, V., Cardenzana, J. V., Cerruti, M., Chen, X., Ciupik, L., Connolly, M. P., Cui, W., Dickinson, H. J., Dumm, J., Eisch, J. D., Falcone, A., Feng, Q., Finley, J. P., Fleischhack, H., Fortin, P., Fortson, L., Gerard, L., Gillanders, G. H., Griffin, S., Griffiths, S. T., Grube, J., Gyuk, G., Håkansson, N., Holder, J., Humensky, T. B., Johnson, C. A., Kaaret, P., Kertzman, M., Kieda, D., Krause, M., Krennrich, F., Lang, M. J., Lin, T. T. Y., Maier, G., Mcarthur, S., Mccann, A., Meagher, K., Moriarty, P., Mukherjee, R., Nieto, D., O'Faoláin De Bhróithe, A., Ong, R. A., Park, N., Petry, D., Pohl, M., Popkow, A., Ragan, K., Ratliff, G., Reyes, L. C., Reynolds, P. T., Richards, G. T., Roache, E., Santander, M., Sembroski, G. H., Shahinyan, K., Staszak, D., Telezhinsky, I., Tucci, J. V., Tyler, J., Vassiliev, V. V., Wakely, S. P., Weiner, O. M., Weinstein, A., Wilhelm, A., Williams, D. A., Zitzer, B., Vince, O., Fuhrmann, L., Angelakis, E., Karamanavis, V., Myserlis, I., Krichbaum, T. P., Zensus, J. A., Ungerechts, H., Sievers, A., Bachev, R., Böttcher, M., Chen, W. P., Damljanovic, G., Eswaraiah, C., Güver, T., Hovatta, T., Hughes, Z., Ibryamov, S. I., Joner, M. D., Jordan, B., Jorstad, S. G., Joshi, M., Kataoka, J., Kurtanidze, O. M., Kurtanidze, S. O., Lähteenmäki, A., Latev, G., Lin, H. C., Larionov, V. M., Mokrushina, A. A., Morozova, D. A., Nikolashvili, M. G., Raiteri, C. M., Ramakrishnan, V., A. C., R. Readhead, Sadun, A. C., Sigua, L. A., Semkov, E. H., Strigachev, A., Tammi, J., Tornikoski, M., Troitskaya, Y. V., Troitsky, I. S., Villata, M., ~, and 24420530 - Böttcher, Markus
Subjects: galaxie [X-rays], Astrophysics, galaxies BL Lacs, galaxies individual (Markarian 501), X-rays, 01 natural sciences, Luminosity, law.invention, bl lacertae objects, law, MAGIC (telescope), individual: Markarian 501 [galaxies], 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, astro-ph.HE, High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE), BL Lacertae objects: general, galaxies: individual: Markarian 501, X-rays: galaxies, Physics, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, fermi-lat, galaxies [X-rays], large-area telescope, BL Lacertae objects: general, galaxies: individual (Markarian 501), X-rays: galaxies, individual (Markarian 501) [galaxies], Spectral energy distribution, Electrónica, Física nuclear, Individual (Markarian 501), Raigs X, Electricidad, Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, BL Lac object, multiwavelength observations, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, FOS: Physical sciences, Optical telescope, Telescope, 0103 physical sciences, crab-nebula, Blazar, galaxies: individual (markarian 501), particle-acceleration, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, general [BL Lacertae objects], galaxies: individual: Markarian 501, Institut für Physik und Astronomie, Astronomy and Astrophysics, gamma-ray emission, Galaxies, Galàxies, x-ray, Space and Planetary Science, ddc:520, magic telescope, log-parabolic spectra, Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope
Abstract: We report on simultaneous broadband observations of the TeV-emitting blazar Markarian 501 between 1 April and 10 August 2013, including the first detailed characterization of the synchrotron peak with Swift and NuSTAR. During the campaign, the nearby BL Lac object was observed in both a quiescent and an elevated state. The broadband campaign includes observations with NuSTAR, MAGIC, VERITAS, the Fermi Large Area Telescope (LAT), Swift X-ray Telescope and UV Optical Telescope, various ground-based optical instruments, including the GASP-WEBT program, as well as radio observations by OVRO, Mets\"ahovi and the F-Gamma consortium. Some of the MAGIC observations were affected by a sand layer from the Saharan desert, and had to be corrected using event-by-event corrections derived with a LIDAR (LIght Detection And Ranging) facility. This is the first time that LIDAR information is used to produce a physics result with Cherenkov Telescope data taken during adverse atmospheric conditions, and hence sets a precedent for the current and future ground-based gamma-ray instruments. The NuSTAR instrument provides unprecedented sensitivity in hard X-rays, showing the source to display a spectral energy distribution between 3 and 79 keV consistent with a log-parabolic spectrum and hard X-ray variability on hour timescales. None (of the four extended NuSTAR observations) shows evidence of the onset of inverse-Compton emission at hard X-ray energies. We apply a single-zone equilibrium synchrotron self-Compton model to five simultaneous broadband spectral energy distributions. We find that the synchrotron self-Compton model can reproduce the observed broadband states through a decrease in the magnetic field strength coinciding with an increase in the luminosity and hardness of the relativistic leptons responsible for the high-energy emission., Comment: Accepted for publication in ApJ
Published: 2015

19. Very high energy outburst of markarian 501 in may 2009

Author: Aliu, E., Archambault, S., Bird, R., Weiner, O. M., Weinstein, A., Welsing, R., Wilhelm, Alina, Williams, D. A., Zitzer, B., Baring, M. G., Becerra Gónzalez, J., Cillis, A. N., Horan, D., Böttcher, M., Paneque, D., VERITAS Collaboration, Bouvier, A., Buchovecky, M., Buckley, J. H., Bugaev, V., Cardenzana, J. V., Cerruti, M., Cesarini, A., Chen, Xuhui, Archer, A., Ciupik, L., Collins-Hughes, E., Connolly, M. P., Cui, W., Dumm, J., Eisch, J. D., Falcone, A., Federici, S., Feng, Q., Finley, J. P., Arlen, T., Fleischhack, H., Fortin, P., Fortson, L., Furniss, A., Galante, N., Gall, D., Gillanders, G. H., Griffin, S., Griffiths, S. T., Grube, J., Aune, T., Gyuk, G., Hütten, M., Håkansson, N., Holder, J., Hughes, Greg, Humensky, T. B., Johnson, C. A., Kaaret, P., Kar, P., Kelley-Hoskins, N., Barnacka, A., Kertzman, M., Khassen, Y., Kieda, D., Krause, M., Krawczynski, H., Krennrich, F., Lang, M. J., Madhavan, A. S., Maier, G., McArthur, S., Behera, B., McCann, A., Meagher, K., Millis, J., Moriarty, P., Mukherjee, R., Nieto, D., O’Faoláin de Bhróithe, A., Ong, R. A., Orr, M., Otte, A. N., Beilicke, M., Pandel, D., Park, N., Pelassa, V., Perkins, J. S., Pichel, A., Pohl, Martin, Popkow, A., Quinn, J., Ragan, K., Reyes, L. C., Benbow, W., Reynolds, P. T., Roache, E., Rousselle, J., Rovero, A. C., Saxon, D. B., Sembroski, G. H., Shahinyan, K., Sheidaei, F., Skole, C., Smith, A. W., Berger, K., Staszak, D., Telezhinsky, I., Theiling, M., Todd, N. W., Tucci, J. V., Tyler, J., Varlotta, A., Vassiliev, V. V., Vincent, S., Wakely, S. P., Laboratoire Leprince-Ringuet (LLR), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), VERITAS, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3), Laboratoire Leprince-Ringuet ( LLR ), and Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS ( IN2P3 ) -École polytechnique ( X ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS )
Subjects: High energy, GAMMA RAYS, [ PHYS.ASTR ] Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph], Ciencias Físicas, bl-lacertae objects, Flux, Astrophysics, 01 natural sciences, law.invention, purl.org/becyt/ford/1 [https], law, gamma ray: flux, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, internal shocks, extragalactic radio-sources, High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE), Physics, spectral variability, Quiescent state, Optical polarization, large-area telescope, VERITAS, Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, CIENCIAS NATURALES Y EXACTAS, Flare, multiwavelength observations, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, FOS: Physical sciences, GLAST, blazar, polarization: rotation, BL-LAC OBJECTS, bl lacertae objects: individual: mrk 501, 0103 physical sciences, gamma rays: galaxies, polarization: optical, Blazar, optical polarization properties, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Institut für Physik und Astronomie, Astronomy and Astrophysics, purl.org/becyt/ford/1.3 [https], gamma-ray emission, Astronomía, Crab Nebula, gamma ray: VHE, x-ray, 13. Climate action, Space and Planetary Science, active galactic nuclei, ddc:520, spectral, [PHYS.ASTR]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]
Abstract: The very high energy (VHE; E $>$ 100 GeV) blazar Markarian 501 was observed between April 17 and May 5 (MJD 54938--54956), 2009, as part of an extensive multi-wavelength campaign from radio to VHE. Strong VHE $��$-ray activity was detected on May 1st with Whipple and VERITAS, when the flux (E $>$ 400 GeV) increased to 10 times the pre-flare baseline flux ($3.9{\times 10^{-11}}~{\rm ph~cm^{-2}~s^{-1}}$), reaching five times the flux of the Crab Nebula. This coincided with a decrease in the optical polarization and a rotation of the polarization angle by 15$^{\circ}$. This VHE flare showed a fast flux variation with an increase of a factor $\sim$4 in 25 minutes, and a falling time of $\sim$50 minutes. We present the observations of the quiescent state previous to the flare and of the high state after the flare, focusing on the flux and spectral variability from Whipple, VERITAS, Fermi-LAT, RXTE, and Swift combined with optical and radio data., 13 pages, 10 figures. Accepted for publication in Astronomy and Astrophysics
Published: 2016

20. Exceptionally Bright TEV Flares from the Binary LS I +61° 303

Author: VERITAS Collaboration, Archambault, S., Archer, A., Aune, T., Barnacka, A., Benbow, W., Bird, R., Buchovecky, M., Buckley, J. H., Bugaev, V., Byrum, K., Cardenzana, J. V., Cerruti, M., Chen, X., Ciupik, L., Collins-Hughes, E., Connolly, M. P., Cui, W., Dickinson, H. J., Dumm, J., Eisch, J. D., Falcone, A., Feng, Q., Finley, J. P., Fleischhack, H., Flinders, A., Fortin, P., Fortson, L., Furniss, A., Gillanders, G. H., Griffin, S., Grube, J., Gyuk, G., Huetten, M., Hakansson, N., Hanna, D., Holder, J., Humensky, T. B., Johnson, C. A., Kaaret, P., Kar, P., Kelley-Hoskins, N., Kertzman, M., Khassen, Y., Kieda, D., Krause, M., Krennrich, F., Kumar, S., Lang, M. J., Maier, G., McArthur, S., McCann, A., Meagher, K., Millis, J., Moriarty, P., Mukherjee, R., Nieto, D., O'Brien, S., de Bhroithe, A. O'Faolain, Ong, R. A., Otte, A. N., Pandel, D., Park, N., Pelassa, V., Pohl, M., Popkow, A., Pueschel, E., Quinn, J., Ragan, K., Reynolds, P. T., Richards, G. T., Roache, E., Rousselle, J., Rulten, C., Santander, M., Sembroski, G. H., Shahinyan, K., Smith, A. W., Staszak, D., Telezhinsky, I., Tucci, J. V., Tyler, J., Vincent, S., Wakely, S. P., Weiner, O. M., Weinstein, A., Wilhelm, A., Williams, D. A., and Zitzer, B.
Subjects: Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, swift/xrt, FOS: Physical sciences, Binary number, Flux, gamma-ray binaries, Astrophysics, periodicity, Compact star, 01 natural sciences, emission, 0103 physical sciences, +61-degrees-303, Astrophysics::Solar and Stellar Astrophysics, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE), parameters, Physics, lsi+61-degrees-303, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Conjunction (astronomy), stars: individual (ls i+61 degrees 303, ver j0240+612), Astronomy and Astrophysics, fermi-lat, gamma-rays: general, Orbital period, Orbit, Crab Nebula, binaries: general, x-rays: binaries, 13. Climate action, Space and Planetary Science, ddc:520, Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena
Abstract: The TeV binary system LS I +61$^\circ$ 303 is known for its regular, non-thermal emission pattern which traces the orbital period of the compact object in its 26.5 day orbit around its B0 Ve star companion. The system typically presents elevated TeV emission around apastron passage with flux levels between 5% and 15% of the steady flux from the Crab Nebula (> 300 GeV). In this article, VERITAS observations of LS I +61$^\circ$ 303 taken in late 2014 are presented, during which bright TeV flares around apastron at flux levels peaking above 30% of the Crab Nebula flux were detected. This is the brightest such activity from this source ever seen in the TeV regime. The strong outbursts have rise and fall times of less than a day. The short timescale of the flares, in conjunction with the observation of 10 TeV photons from LS I +61$^\circ$ 303 during the flares, provides constraints on the properties of the accelerator in the source., 9 pages, 2 figures. Accepted for publication by ApJL
Published: 2016

21. UPPER LIMITS FROM FIVE YEARS OF BLAZAR OBSERVATIONS WITH THE VERITAS CHERENKOV TELESCOPES

Author: Archambault, S., Archer, A., Chen, X., Ciupik, L., Connolly, M. P., Cui, W., Eisch, J. D., Errando, M., Falcone, A., Feng, Q., Finley, J. P., Fleischhack, H., Benbow, W., Fortin, P., Fortson, L., Furniss, A., Gillanders, G. H., Griffin, S., Grube, J., Gyuk, G., Hütten, M., Håkansson, N., Hanna, D., Bird, R., Holder, J., Humensky, T. B., Johnson, C. A., Kaaret, P., Kar, P., Kelley-Hoskins, N., Kertzman, M., Kieda, D., Krause, Maria, Krennrich, F., Biteau, J., Kumar, S., Lang, M. J., Maier, G., McArthur, S., McCann, A., Meagher, K., Moriarty, P., Mukherjee, R., Nguyen, T., Nieto, D., Buchovecky, M., O’Faoláin de Bhróit, A., Ong, R. A., Otte, A. N., Park, N., Perkins, J. S., Pichel, A., Pohl, Martin, Popkow, A., Pueschel, E., Quinn, J., Buckley, J. H., Ragan, K., Reynolds, P. T., Richards, G. T., Roache, E., Rovero, A. C., Santander, M., Sembroski, G. H., Shahinyan, K., Smith, A. W., Staszak, D., Bugaev, V., Telezhinsky, I., Tucci, J. V., Tyler, J., Vincent, S., Wakely, S. P., Weiner, O. M., Weinstein, A., Williams, D. A., Zitzer, B., Fumagalli, M., Byrum, K., Prochaska, J. X., VERITAS Collaboration, Cerruti, M., Archambault, S, Archer, A, Benbow, W, Bird, R, Biteau, J, Buchovecky, M, Buckley, J, Bugaev, V, Byrum, K, Cerruti, M, Chen, X, Ciupik, L, Connolly, M, Cui, W, Eisch, J, Errando, M, Falcone, A, Feng, Q, Finley, J, Fleischhack, H, Fortin, P, Fortson, L, Furniss, A, Gillanders, G, Griffin, S, Grube, J, Gyuk, G, Hutten, M, Hakansson, N, Hanna, D, Holder, J, Humensky, T, Johnson, C, Kaaret, P, Kar, P, Kelley-Hoskins, N, Kertzman, M, Kieda, D, Krause, M, Krennrich, F, Kumar, S, Lang, M, Maier, G, Mcarthur, S, Mccann, A, Meagher, K, Moriarty, P, Mukherjee, R, Nguyen, T, Nieto, D, O'Faolain De Bhroithe, A, Ong, R, Otte, A, Park, N, Perkins, J, Pichel, A, Pohl, M, Popkow, A, Pueschel, E, Quinn, J, Ragan, K, Reynolds, P, Richards, G, Roache, E, Rovero, A, Santander, M, Sembroski, G, Shahinyan, K, Smith, A, Staszak, D, Telezhinsky, I, Tucci, J, Tyler, J, Vincent, S, Wakely, S, Weiner, O, Weinstein, A, Williams, D, Zitzer, B, Fumagalli, M, and Prochaska, J
Subjects: spectrum radio quasars, Ciencias Físicas, bl-lacertae objects, Flux, Field of view, Astrophysics, fermi-lat blazars, 01 natural sciences, law.invention, purl.org/becyt/ford/1 [https], Observatory, law, all-sky survey, gamma rays: galaxie, optical spectroscopy, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE), Physics, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, non-thermal [radiation mechanisms], large-area telescope, active [galaxies], galaxies [gamma rays], Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, CIENCIAS NATURALES Y EXACTAS, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, galaxies: active, FOS: Physical sciences, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, energy gamma-rays, Telescope, gamma rays: galaxies, 0103 physical sciences, complete sample, Blazar, Cherenkov radiation, general [BL Lacertae objects], 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Institut für Physik und Astronomie, Astronomy and Astrophysics, purl.org/becyt/ford/1.3 [https], BL Lacertae objects: general, radiation mechanisms: non-thermal, Cherenkov Telescope Array, Redshift, Astronomía, x-ray, Space and Planetary Science, active galactic nuclei, ddc:520
Abstract: The astronomical journal 151(6), 142(2016). doi:10.3847/0004-6256/151/6/142, Between the beginning of its full-scale scientific operations in 2007 and 2012, the VERITAS Cherenkov telescope array observed more than 130 blazars; of these, 26 were detected as very-high-energy (VHE; E > 100 GeV) γ-ray sources. In this work, we present the analysis results of a sample of 114 undetected objects. The observations constitute a total live-time of ~570 hr. The sample includes several unidentified Fermi-Large Area Telescope (LAT) sources (located at high Galactic latitude) as well as all the sources from the second Fermi-LAT catalog that are contained within the field of view of the VERITAS observations. We have also performed optical spectroscopy measurements in order to estimate the redshift of some of these blazars that do not have spectroscopic distance estimates. We present new optical spectra from the Kast instrument on the Shane telescope at the Lick observatory for 18 blazars included in this work, which allowed for the successful measurement or constraint on the redshift of four of them. For each of the blazars included in our sample, we provide the flux upper limit in the VERITAS energy band. We also study the properties of the significance distributions and we present the result of a stacked analysis of the data set, which shows a 4σ excess., Published by Univ. of Chicago Press, Journals Division10693, Chicago, Ill.
Published: 2016

22. All-particle cosmic ray energy spectrum measured by the HAWC experiment from 10 to 500 TeV

Author: Hawc, Collaboration, Alfaro, R., Alvarez, C., Arceo, R., Arteaga-Velázquez, J. C., Avila Rojas, D., Ayala Solares, H. A., Barber, A. S., Becerril, A., Belmont-Moreno, E., Benzvi, S. Y., Brisbois, C., Caballero-Mora, K. S., Capistrán, T., Carramiñana, A., Casanova, S., Castillo, M., Cotti, U., Cotzomi, J., Coutiño León, S., León, C., Eduardo de la Fuente, Diaz Hernandez, R., Dichiara, S., Dingus, B. L., Duvernois, M. A., Díaz-Vélez, J. C., Ellsworth, R. W., Enriquez-Rivera, O., Fiorino, D. W., Fleischhack, H., Fraija, N., García-González, J. A., González Muñoz, A., González, M. M., Goodman, J. A., Hampel-Arias, Z., Harding, J. P., Hernandez-Almada, A., Hinton, J., Hueyotl-Zahuantitla, F., Hui, C. M., Huntemeyer, P., Iriarte, A., Jardin-Blicq, A., Joshi, V., Kaufmann, S., Lara, A., Lauer, R. J., Lennarz, D., León Vargas, H., Linnemann, J. T., Longinotti, A. L., Raya, G. Luis, Luna-García, R., López-Cámara, D., López-Coto, R., Malone, K., Marinelli, S. S., Martinez, O., Martinez-Castellanos, I., Martínez-Castro, J., Martínez-Huerta, H., Matthews, J. A., Miranda-Romagnoli, P., Moreno, E., Mostafá, M., Nellen, L., Newbold, M., Nisa, M. U., Noriega-Papaqui, R., Pelayo, R., Pretz, J., Pérez-Pérez, E. G., Ren, Z., Rho, C. D., Rivière, C., Rosa-González, D., Rosenberg, M., Ruiz-Velasco, E., Salesa Greus, F., Sandoval, A., Schneider, M., Schoorlemmer, H., Sinnis, G., Smith, A. J., Springer, R. W., Surajbali, P., Taboada, I., Tibolla, O., Tollefson, K., Torres, I., Ukwatta, T. N., Villaseñor, L., Weisgarber, T., Westerhoff, S., Wood, J., Yapici, T., Zepeda, A., Zhou, H., and Álvarez, J. D.
Subjects: Physics, High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE), HAWC - Abteilung Hinton, Range (particle radiation), 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Gamma ray, FOS: Physical sciences, Cosmic ray, Astrophysics, 01 natural sciences, Power law, Observatory, 0103 physical sciences, Angular resolution, Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, 010306 general physics, Energy (signal processing), Cherenkov radiation
Abstract: We report on the measurement of the all-particle cosmic ray energy spectrum with the High Altitude Water Cherenkov (HAWC) Observatory in the energy range 10 to 500 TeV. HAWC is a ground based air-shower array deployed on the slopes of Volcan Sierra Negra in the state of Puebla, Mexico, and is sensitive to gamma rays and cosmic rays at TeV energies. The data used in this work were taken from 234 days between June 2016 to February 2017. The primary cosmic-ray energy is determined with a maximum likelihood approach using the particle density as a function of distance to the shower core. Introducing quality cuts to isolate events with shower cores landing on the array, the reconstructed energy distribution is unfolded iteratively. The measured all-particle spectrum is consistent with a broken power law with an index of $-2.49\pm0.01$ prior to a break at $(45.7\pm0.1$) TeV, followed by an index of $-2.71\pm0.01$. The spectrum also respresents a single measurement that spans the energy range between direct detection and ground based experiments. As a verification of the detector response, the energy scale and angular resolution are validated by observation of the cosmic ray Moon shadow's dependence on energy., Comment: 16 pages, 11 figures, 4 tables, submission to Physical Review D

23. Multiband variability studies and novel broadband SED modeling of Mrk 501 in 2009

Author: K. Nishijima, J. L. Richards, Stefano Covino, G. Piner, D. Dominis Prester, U. Menzel, A. Flinders, D. Tescaro, Louis Antonelli, D. Galindo, Aaron Dominguez, S. Schröder, Elena G. Larionova, Kari Nilsson, Paul S. Smith, A. McCann, T. S. Grishina, Wen Ping Chen, M. Will, Pratik Majumdar, J. E. Ward, Daniela Dorner, Dariusz Gora, P. Moriarty, C. Rulten, Soebur Razzaque, D. Garrido Terrats, K. Frantzen, Joseph Moody, Wystan Benbow, G. Hughes, K. Ragan, Ralph Bird, L. Perri, M. Gaug, T. Sakamoto, Valeri M. Larionov, Elina Lindfors, G. H. Sembroski, Daniel Mazin, Ievgen Vovk, A. Hahn, M. Hütten, N. H. Park, Alexander B. Pushkarev, G. Maccaferri, Thomas Bretz, P. Wilcox, P. Kar, D. Nakajima, R. Zanin, J. Herrera, Wei Cui, Amanda Weinstein, J. Palacio, P. G. Prada Moroni, Frank Krennrich, Matthew L. Lister, A. Berti, A. Cesarini, M. Kertzman, A. La Barbera, Walter Max-Moerbeck, E. Colombo, M. Villata, M. P. Connolly, Adrian Biland, D. S. Hanna, Ana Babić, D. Eisenacher Glawion, Juan Abel Barrio, John L. Quinn, M. Capalbi, Koji Noda, Arka Chatterjee, Elisa Bernardini, A. Sillanpää, Adrian Rovero, Antonio Stamerra, J. V. Tucci, M. Nievas Rosillo, M. Palatiello, L. V. Larionova, S. N. Shore, R. Mukherjee, M. J. Lang, Daniel Nieto, M. I. Martínez, S. Bonnefoy, J. Kushida, P. Giammaria, P. Bangale, Wolfgang Rhode, Gernot Maier, G. Pedaletti, L. O. Takalo, Margo F. Aller, Jose Luis Contreras, Andrei Berdyugin, J. A. Zensus, E. Roache, V. Verguilov, D. Fidalgo, C. Pace, Thomas P. Krichbaum, Francesco Dazzi, Juan Cortina, M. Engelkemeier, G. H. Gillanders, A. Carraminyana, S. P. Wakely, Mosè Mariotti, J. Rico, A. Fernández-Barral, R. Clavero, J. Becerra González, A.-K. Overkemping, S. O. Kurtanidze, Sabrina Einecke, Abraham D. Falcone, A. González Muñoz, Evgenia N. Kopatskaya, Lars Fuhrmann, Nikola Godinovic, Benito Marcote, Karlen Shahinyan, Takashi Saito, W. Bednarek, C. Schultz, Marcos Santander, Fabrizio Tavecchio, J. Rodriguez Garcia, E. Pueschel, Ll. Font, A. C. Sadun, A. Popkow, J. Grube, V. Bugaev, Anthony C. S. Readhead, R. Ligustri, A. Archer, I. Snidaric, Yusuke Konno, P. Calcidese, M. Strzys, A. Pichel, Saverio Lombardi, B. De Lotto, Markus Garczarczyk, N. Kelley-Hoskins, J. Tyler, Ann E. Wehrle, B. Banerjee, S. Buson, D. Hadasch, N. Otte, Maria G. Nikolashvili, Gordon T. Richards, L. Nogués, B. Biasuzzi, Juri Poutanen, U. Barres de Almeida, J. P. Finley, K. Mallot, S. Paiano, Marcello Giroletti, I. Nestoras, A. De Angelis, A. Treves, Vitaly Neustroev, X. Paredes-Fortuny, T. B. Humensky, R. A. Ong, Karl Mannheim, J. H. Buckley, Yu. A. Kovalev, R. J. García López, H. Fleischhack, G. N. Kimeridze, I. Sadeh, David A. Williams, Y. Mori, M. V. Fonseca, W. Idec, Matthias Kadler, Yuri Y. Kovalev, Stefano Ansoldi, Riccardo Paoletti, K. Kodani, J. P. Norris, O. M. Kurtanidze, N. V. Efimova, Y. Hanabata, Arkady A. Arkharov, Anne Lähteenmäki, Abelardo Moralejo, G. Maneva, Masahiro Teshima, A. C. Zook, Dario Hrupec, P. Antoranz, B. Zitzer, Hugh Dickinson, R. A. Chigladze, M. Peresano, Ekaterina Koptelova, S. Archambault, M. A. Lopez, T. Steinbring, P. Temnikov, P. Leto, Massimo Persic, J. M. Paredes, Hugh D. Aller, F. Borracci, S. O'Brien, T. Surić, I. Telezhinsky, I. Reichardt, Jamie Holder, G. Vanzo, R. Pearson, Julia Thaele, G. Bonnoli, Mark Gurwell, Eduardo Ros, Andrea Orlati, S. Griffin, L. A. Sigua, Diego F. Torres, Alessandro Carosi, Ruben Lopez-Coto, Maria Krause, Y. Yatsu, A. Wilhelm, Jose Miguel Miranda, Anushka Udara Abeysekara, T. Schweizer, P. Cassaro, Razmik Mirzoyan, E. Moretti, Damir Lelas, Francesco Longo, V. Fallah Ramazani, P. Kaaret, Dorota Sobczyńska, L. Maraschi, Kirill Sokolovsky, Tomislav Terzić, Lucy Fortson, E. de Ona Wilhelmi, Julian Sitarek, C. Fruck, T. Toyama, Ivica Puljak, Max Ludwig Ahnen, David Kieda, F. Di Pierro, Pierre Colin, M. Buchovecky, Oscar Blanch, P. Da Vela, A. Niedzwiecki, Emmanouil Angelakis, M. Doert, M. H. Wu, Ivan S. Troitsky, C. Pagani, David Paneque, Q. Feng, Vladimir A. Hagen-Thorn, E. De la Fuente, E. Prandini, C. M. Raiteri, L. Carrasco, D. Guberman, Jeremy S. Perkins, Martin Pohl, Marina Manganaro, H. A. Krimm, Merja Tornikoski, Konstancja Satalecka, Michele Doro, Dmitry A. Blinov, M. Perri, J. Hose, D. Elsaesser, Daria A. Morozova, P. T. Reynolds, M. Hayashida, Marc Ribó, Hidetoshi Kubo, M. Makariev, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Zurich, University of Udine, INAF National Institute for Astrophysics, University of Siena, University of Rijeka, Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics, Max Planck Institute for Physics, Complutense University, University of La Laguna, University of Łódź, German Electron Synchrotron, Autonomous University of Barcelona, University of Würzburg, University of Padova, Institute of Space Studies of Catalonia, Dortmund University, Finnish MAGIC Consortium, University of Barcelona, The University of Tokyo, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Osservatorio Astronomicodi Roma, University of Pisa, ICREA, University of Maryland, College Park, McGill University, Washington University St. Louis, Harvard University, University College Dublin, University of California Los Angeles, National University of Ireland, Galway, Purdue University, Iowa State University, Pennsylvania State University, University of Utah, University of Minnesota Twin Cities, Adler Planetarium and Astronomy Museum, University of Delaware, Columbia University, University of Iowa, DePauw University, Georgia Institute of Technology, University of Chicago, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Cork Institute of Technology, University of California Santa Cruz, Argonne National Laboratory, University of Johannesburg, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, St. Petersburg State University, RAS - Pulkovo Astronomical Observatory, Circolo Astrofili Talmassons, Osservatorio Astrofisico della Regione Autonoma Valle d'Aosta, Georgian National Academy of Sciences, National Central University, Aoyama Gakuin University, University of Colorado Denver, Brigham Young University, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Instituto Nacional de Astrofisica Optica y Electronica, Universidad de Guadalajara, University of Denver, University of Arizona, Space Science Institute, Pomona College, University of Leicester, ASI Science Data Center, University of Trento, RAS - P.N. Lebedev Physics Institute, Max Planck Institute for Radio Astronomy, Whittier College, Metsähovi Radio Observatory, INAF Istituto di Radioastronomia, Osservatorio Astrofisico di Catania, California Institute of Technology, Department of Electronics and Nanoengineering, Aalto-yliopisto, Aalto University, Ahnen, M. L., Ansoldi, S., Antonelli, L. A., Antoranz, P., Babic, A., Banerjee, B., Bangale, P., Barres De Almeida, U., Barrio, J. A., Becerra GonzÃ¡lez, J., Bednarek, W., Bernardini, E., Berti, Alessio, Biasuzzi, B., Biland, A., Blanch, O., Bonnefoy, S., Bonnoli, G., Borracci, F., Bretz, T., Buson, S., Carosi, A., Chatterjee, A., Clavero, R., Colin, P., Colombo, E., Contreras, J. L., Cortina, J., Covino, S., Da Vela, P., Dazzi, F., De Angelis, A., De Lotto, B., De OÃ±a Wilhelmi, E., Di Pierro, F., Doert, M., Domãnguez, A., Dominis Prester, D., Dorner, D., Doro, M., Einecke, S., Eisenacher Glawion, D., Elsaesser, D., Engelkemeier, M., Fallah Ramazani, V., FernÃ¡ndez Barral, A., Fidalgo, D., Fonseca, M. V., Font, L., Frantzen, K., Fruck, C., Galindo, D., GarcÃa LÃ³pez, R. J., Garczarczyk, M., Garrido Terrats, D., Gaug, M., Giammaria, P., Godinoviä , N., GonzÃ¡lez MuÃ±oz, A., Gora, D., Guberman, D., Hadasch, D., Hahn, A., Hanabata, Y., Hayashida, M., Herrera, J., Hose, J., Hrupec, D., Hughes, G., Idec, W., Kodani, K., Konno, Y., Kubo, H., Kushida, J., La Barbera, A., Lelas, D., Lindfors, E., Lombardi, S., Longo, Francesco, Lã³pez, M., LÃ³pez Coto, R., Majumdar, P., Makariev, M., Mallot, K., Maneva, G., Manganaro, M., Mannheim, K., Maraschi, L., Marcote, B., Mariotti, M., Martãnez, M., Mazin, D., Menzel, U., Miranda, J. M., Mirzoyan, R., Moralejo, A., Moretti, E., Nakajima, D., Neustroev, V., Niedzwiecki, A., Nievas Rosillo, M., Nilsson, K., Nishijima, K., Noda, K., Noguã©s, L., Overkemping, A., Paiano, S., Palacio, J., Palatiello, Michele, Paneque, D., Paoletti, R., Paredes, J. M., Paredes Fortuny, X., Pedaletti, G., Peresano, M., Perri, L., Persic, M., Poutanen, J., Prada Moroni, P. G., Prandini, E., Puljak, I., Reichardt, I., Rhode, W., Ribã³, M., Rico, J., Rodriguez Garcia, J., Saito, T., Satalecka, K., Schrã¶der, S., Schultz, C., Schweizer, T., Shore, S. N., Sillanpã¤ã¤, A., Sitarek, J., Snidaric, I., Sobczynska, D., Stamerra, A., Steinbring, T., Strzys, M., Suriä , T., Takalo, L., Tavecchio, F., Temnikov, P., Terziä , T., Tescaro, D., Teshima, M., Thaele, J., Torres, D. F., Toyama, T., Treves, A., Vanzo, G., Verguilov, V., Vovk, I., Ward, J. E., Will, M., Wu, M. H., Zanin, R., Abeysekara, A. U., Archambault, S., Archer, A., Benbow, W., Bird, R., Buchovecky, M., Buckley, J. H., Bugaev, V., Connolly, M. P., Cui, W., Dickinson, H. J., Falcone, A., Feng, Q., Finley, J. P., Fleischhack, H., Flinders, A., Fortson, L., Gillanders, G. H., Griffin, S., Grube, J., Hã¼tten, M., Hanna, D., Holder, J., Humensky, T. B., Kaaret, P., Kar, P., Kelley Hoskins, N., Kertzman, M., Kieda, D., Krause, M., Krennrich, F., Lang, M. J., Maier, G., Mccann, A., Moriarty, P., Mukherjee, R., Nieto, D., O'Brien, S., Ong, R. A., Otte, N., Park, N., Perkins, J., Pichel, A., Pohl, M., Popkow, A., Pueschel, E., Quinn, J., Ragan, K., Reynolds, P. T., Richards, G. T., Roache, E., Rovero, A. C., Rulten, C., Sadeh, I., Santander, M., Sembroski, G. H., Shahinyan, K., Telezhinsky, I., Tucci, J. V., Tyler, J., Wakely, S. P., Weinstein, A., Wilcox, P., Wilhelm, A., Williams, D. A., Zitzer, B., Razzaque, S., Villata, M., Raiteri, C. M., Aller, H. D., Aller, M. F., Larionov, V. M., Arkharov, A. A., Blinov, D. A., Efimova, N. V., Grishina, T. S., Hagen Thorn, V. A., Kopatskaya, E. N., Larionova, L. V., Larionova, E. G., Morozova, D. A., Troitsky, I. S., Ligustri, R., Calcidese, P., Berdyugin, A., Kurtanidze, O. M., Nikolashvili, M. G., Kimeridze, G. N., Sigua, L. A., Kurtanidze, S. O., Chigladze, R. A., Chen, W. P., Koptelova, E., Sakamoto, T., Sadun, A. C., Moody, J. W., Pace, C., Pearson, R., Yatsu, Y., Mori, Y., Carraminyana, A., Carrasco, L., De La Fuente, E., Norris, J. P., Smith, P. S., Wehrle, A., Gurwell, M. A., Zook, A., Pagani, C., Perri, M., Capalbi, M., Cesarini, A., Krimm, H. A., Kovalev, Y. Y., Kovalev, Y. u. A., Ros, E., Pushkarev, A. B., Lister, M. L., Sokolovsky, K. V., Kadler, M., Piner, G., Lã¤hteenmã¤ki, A., Tornikoski, M., Angelakis, E., Krichbaum, T. P., Nestoras, I., Fuhrmann, L., Zensus, J. A., Cassaro, P., Orlati, A., Maccaferri, G., Leto, P., Giroletti, M., Richards, J. L., Max Moerbeck, W., and Readhead, A. C. S.
Subjects: extragalactic background light, multiwavelength observations, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, bl-lacertae objects, Galaxies: BL Lacertae objects: individual: Markarian 501, Methods: data analysis, observational, Polarization, spectral energy-distribution, Flux, FOS: Physical sciences, Astrophysics, 01 natural sciences, law.invention, individual: Markarian 501 [BL Lacertae objects], law, Coincident, 0103 physical sciences, ddc:530, MAGIC (telescope), crab-nebula, Blazar, data analysis [Methods], 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, Physics, High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE), tev blazars, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, stochastic acceleration, telescope observations, Institut für Physik und Astronomie, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Astronomy and Astrophysic, gamma-ray emission, methods: data analysis, BL Lacertae objects: individual: Markarian 501, Synchrotron, data analysi [Methods], Space and Planetary Science, x-ray, ddc:520, Electrónica, Física nuclear, Electricidad, Degeneracy (mathematics), Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Flare, BL Lac object
Abstract: Astronomy and astrophysics 603, A31 (2017). doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201629540, We present an extensive study of the BL Lac object Mrk 501 based on a data set collected during the multi-instrument campaign spanning from 2009 March 15 to 2009 August 1, which includes, among other instruments, MAGIC, VERITAS, Whipple 10 m, and Fermi-LAT to cover the γ-ray range from 0.1 GeV to 20 TeV; RXTE and Swift to cover wavelengths from UV tohard X-rays; and GASP-WEBT, which provides coverage of radio and optical wavelengths. Optical polarization measurements were provided for a fraction of the campaign by the Steward and St. Petersburg observatories. We evaluate the variability of the source and interband correlations, the γ-ray flaring activity occurring in May 2009, and interpret the results within two synchrotron self-Compton (SSC) scenarios. Aims. The multiband variability observed during the full campaign is addressed in terms of the fractional variability, and the possible correlations are studied by calculating the discrete correlation function for each pair of energy bands where the significance was evaluated with dedicated Monte Carlo simulations. The space of SSC model parameters is probed following a dedicated grid-scan strategy, allowing for a wide range of models to be tested and offering a study of the degeneracy of model-to-data agreement in the individual model parameters, hence providing a less biased interpretation than the “single-curve SSC model adjustment” typically reported in the literature. Methods. We find an increase in the fractional variability with energy, while no significant interband correlations of flux changes are found on the basis of the acquired data set. The SSC model grid-scan shows that the flaring activity around May 22 cannot be modeled adequately with a one-zone SSC scenario (using an electron energy distribution with two breaks), while it can be suitably described within a two (independent) zone SSC scenario. Here, one zone is responsible for the quiescent emission from the averaged 4.5-month observing period, while the other one, which is spatially separated from the first, dominates the flaring emission occurring at X-rays and very-high-energy (>100 GeV, VHE) γ rays. The flaring activity from May 1, which coincides with a rotation of the electric vector polarization angle (EVPA), cannot be satisfactorily reproduced by either a one-zone or a two-independent-zone SSC model, yet this is partially affected by the lack of strictly simultaneous observations and the presence of large flux changes on sub-hour timescales (detected at VHE γ rays). Results. The higher variability in the VHE emission and lack of correlation with the X-ray emission indicate that, at least during the 4.5-month observing campaign in 2009, the highest energy (and most variable) electrons that are responsible for the VHE γ rays do not make a dominant contribution to the ~1 keV emission. Alternatively, there could be a very variable component contributing to the VHE γ-ray emission in addition to that coming from the SSC scenario. The studies with our dedicated SSC grid-scan show that there is some degeneracy in both the one-zone and the two-zone SSC scenarios probed, with several combinations of model parameters yielding a similar model-to-data agreement, and some parameters better constrained than others. The observed γ-ray flaring activity, with the EVPA rotation coincident with the first γ-ray flare, resembles those reported previously for low frequency peaked blazars, hence suggesting that there are many similarities in the flaring mechanisms of blazars with different jet properties., Published by EDP Sciences, Les Ulis
Published: 2016
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24. The 2009 multiwavelength campaign on Mrk 421: Variability and correlation studies

Author: MAGIC Collaboration, J. Aleksić(IFAE, Edifici Cn., Campus UAB, E-08193 Bellaterra, Spain), S. Ansoldi(Università di Udine, and INFN Trieste, I-33100 Udine, Italy), L. A. Antonelli(INAF National Institute for Astrophysics, I-00136 Rome, Italy), P. Antoranz(Università di Siena, and INFN Pisa, I-53100 Siena, Italy), A. Babic(Croatian MAGIC Consortium, Rudjer Boskovic Institute, University of Rijeka and University of Split, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia), P. Bangale(Max-Planck-Institut für Physik, D-80805 München, Germany), U. Barres de Almeida(Max-Planck-Institut für Physik, D-80805 München, Germany), J. A. Barrio(Universidad Complutense, E-28040 Madrid, Spain), J. Becerra González(Inst. de Astrofísica de Canarias, E-38200 La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain), W. Bednarek(University of Lodz, PL-90236 Lodz, Poland), K. Berger(Inst. de Astrofísica de Canarias, E-38200 La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain), E. Bernardini(Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron), A. Biland(ETH Zurich, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland), O. Blanch(IFAE, Edifici Cn., Campus UAB, E-08193 Bellaterra, Spain), R. K. Bock(Max-Planck-Institut für Physik, D-80805 München, Germany), S. Bonnefoy(Universidad Complutense, E-28040 Madrid, Spain), G. Bonnoli(INAF National Institute for Astrophysics, I-00136 Rome, Italy), F. Borracci(Max-Planck-Institut für Physik, D-80805 München, Germany), T. Bretz(Universität Würzburg, D-97074 Würzburg, Germany), E. Carmona(Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas, E-28040 Madrid, Spain), A. Carosi(INAF National Institute for Astrophysics, I-00136 Rome, Italy), D. Carreto Fidalgo(Universität Würzburg, D-97074 Würzburg, Germany), P. Colin(Max-Planck-Institut für Physik, D-80805 München, Germany), E. Colombo(Inst. de Astrofísica de Canarias, E-38200 La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain), J. L. Contreras(Universidad Complutense, E-28040 Madrid, Spain), J. Cortina(IFAE, Edifici Cn., Campus UAB, E-08193 Bellaterra, Spain), S. Covino(INAF National Institute for Astrophysics, I-00136 Rome, Italy), P. Da Vela(Università di Siena, and INFN Pisa, I-53100 Siena, Italy), F. Dazzi(Università di Udine, and INFN Trieste, I-33100 Udine, Italy), A. De Angelis(Università di Udine, and INFN Trieste, I-33100 Udine, Italy), G. De Caneva(Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron), B. De Lotto(Università di Udine, and INFN Trieste, I-33100 Udine, Italy), C. Delgado Mendez(Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas, E-28040 Madrid, Spain), M. Doert(Technische Universität Dortmund, D-44221 Dortmund, Germany), A. Domínguez(Inst. de Astrofísica de Andalucía), D. Dominis Prester(Croatian MAGIC Consortium, Rudjer Boskovic Institute, University of Rijeka and University of Split, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia), D. Dorner(Universität Würzburg, D-97074 Würzburg, Germany), M. Doro(Università di Padova and INFN, I-35131 Padova, Italy), S. Einecke(Technische Universität Dortmund, D-44221 Dortmund, Germany), D. Eisenacher(Universität Würzburg, D-97074 Würzburg, Germany), D. Elsaesser(Universität Würzburg, D-97074 Würzburg, Germany), E. Farina(Università dell'Insubria, Como, I-22100 Como, Italy), D. Ferenc(Croatian MAGIC Consortium, Rudjer Boskovic Institute, University of Rijeka and University of Split, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia), M. V. Fonseca(Universidad Complutense, E-28040 Madrid, Spain), L. Font(Unitat de Física de les Radiacions, Departament de Física, and CERES-IEEC, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, E-08193 Bellaterra, Spain), K. Frantzen(Technische Universität Dortmund, D-44221 Dortmund, Germany), C. Fruck(Max-Planck-Institut für Physik, D-80805 München, Germany), R. J. García López(Inst. de Astrofísica de Canarias, E-38200 La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain), M. Garczarczyk(Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron), D. Garrido Terrats(Unitat de Física de les Radiacions, Departament de Física, and CERES-IEEC, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, E-08193 Bellaterra, Spain), M. Gaug(Unitat de Física de les Radiacions, Departament de Física, and CERES-IEEC, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, E-08193 Bellaterra, Spain), G. Giavitto(IFAE, Edifici Cn., Campus UAB, E-08193 Bellaterra, Spain), N. Godinović(Croatian MAGIC Consortium, Rudjer Boskovic Institute, University of Rijeka and University of Split, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia), A. González Mu\ noz(IFAE, Edifici Cn., Campus UAB, E-08193 Bellaterra, Spain), S. R. Gozzini(Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron), A. Hadamek(Technische Universität Dortmund, D-44221 Dortmund, Germany), D. Hadasch(Institut de Ciències de l'Espai), A. Herrero(Inst. de Astrofísica de Canarias, E-38200 La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain), D. Hildebrand(ETH Zurich, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland), J. Hose(Max-Planck-Institut für Physik, D-80805 München, Germany), D. Hrupec(Croatian MAGIC Consortium, Rudjer Boskovic Institute, University of Rijeka and University of Split, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia), W. Idec(University of Lodz, PL-90236 Lodz, Poland), V. Kadenius(Finnish MAGIC Consortium, Tuorla Observatory, University of Turku and Department of Physics, University of Oulu, Finland), H. Kellermann(Max-Planck-Institut für Physik, D-80805 München, Germany), M. L. Knoetig(ETH Zurich, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland), J. Krause(Max-Planck-Institut für Physik, D-80805 München, Germany), J. Kushida(Japanese MAGIC Consortium, Division of Physics and Astronomy, Kyoto University, Japan), A. La Barbera(INAF National Institute for Astrophysics, I-00136 Rome, Italy), D. Lelas(Croatian MAGIC Consortium, Rudjer Boskovic Institute, University of Rijeka and University of Split, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia), N. Lewandowska(Universität Würzburg, D-97074 Würzburg, Germany), E. Lindfors(Finnish MAGIC Consortium, Tuorla Observatory, University of Turku and Department of Physics, University of Oulu, Finland), F. Longo(Università di Udine, and INFN Trieste, I-33100 Udine, Italy), S. Lombardi(INAF National Institute for Astrophysics, I-00136 Rome, Italy), M. López(Universidad Complutense, E-28040 Madrid, Spain), R. López-Coto(IFAE, Edifici Cn., Campus UAB, E-08193 Bellaterra, Spain), A. López-Oramas(IFAE, Edifici Cn., Campus UAB, E-08193 Bellaterra, Spain), E. Lorenz(Max-Planck-Institut für Physik, D-80805 München, Germany), I. Lozano(Universidad Complutense, E-28040 Madrid, Spain), M. Makariev(Inst. for Nucl. Research and Nucl. Energy, BG-1784 Sofia, Bulgaria), K. Mallot(Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron), G. Maneva(Inst. for Nucl. Research and Nucl. Energy, BG-1784 Sofia, Bulgaria), N. Mankuzhiyil(Università di Udine, and INFN Trieste, I-33100 Udine, Italy), K. Mannheim(Universität Würzburg, D-97074 Würzburg, Germany), L. Maraschi(INAF National Institute for Astrophysics, I-00136 Rome, Italy), B. Marcote(Universitat de Barcelona), M. Mariotti(Università di Padova and INFN, I-35131 Padova, Italy), M. Martínez(IFAE, Edifici Cn., Campus UAB, E-08193 Bellaterra, Spain), D. Mazin(Max-Planck-Institut für Physik, D-80805 München, Germany), U. Menzel(Max-Planck-Institut für Physik, D-80805 München, Germany), M. Meucci(Università di Siena, and INFN Pisa, I-53100 Siena, Italy), J. M. Miranda(Università di Siena, and INFN Pisa, I-53100 Siena, Italy), R. Mirzoyan(Max-Planck-Institut für Physik, D-80805 München, Germany), A. Moralejo(IFAE, Edifici Cn., Campus UAB, E-08193 Bellaterra, Spain), P. Munar-Adrover(Universitat de Barcelona), D. Nakajima(Japanese MAGIC Consortium, Division of Physics and Astronomy, Kyoto University, Japan), A. Niedzwiecki(University of Lodz, PL-90236 Lodz, Poland), K. Nilsson(Finnish MAGIC Consortium, Tuorla Observatory, University of Turku and Department of Physics, University of Oulu, Finland), N. Nowak(6,32,*), R. Orito(Japanese MAGIC Consortium, Division of Physics and Astronomy, Kyoto University, Japan), A. Overkemping(Technische Universität Dortmund, D-44221 Dortmund, Germany), S. Paiano(Università di Padova and INFN, I-35131 Padova, Italy), M. Palatiello(Università di Udine, and INFN Trieste, I-33100 Udine, Italy), D. Paneque(6,*), R. Paoletti(Università di Siena, and INFN Pisa, I-53100 Siena, Italy), J. M. Paredes(Universitat de Barcelona), X. Paredes-Fortuny(Universitat de Barcelona), S. Partini(Università di Siena, and INFN Pisa, I-53100 Siena, Italy), M. Persic(Università di Udine, and INFN Trieste, I-33100 Udine, Italy), F. Prada(Inst. de Astrofísica de Andalucía), P. G. Prada Moroni(Università di Pisa, and INFN Pisa, I-56126 Pisa, Italy), E. Prandini(Università di Padova and INFN, I-35131 Padova, Italy), S. Preziuso(Università di Siena, and INFN Pisa, I-53100 Siena, Italy), I. Puljak(Croatian MAGIC Consortium, Rudjer Boskovic Institute, University of Rijeka and University of Split, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia), R. Reinthal(Finnish MAGIC Consortium, Tuorla Observatory, University of Turku and Department of Physics, University of Oulu, Finland), W. Rhode(Technische Universität Dortmund, D-44221 Dortmund, Germany), M. Ribó(Universitat de Barcelona), J. Rico(IFAE, Edifici Cn., Campus UAB, E-08193 Bellaterra, Spain), J. Rodriguez Garcia(Max-Planck-Institut für Physik, D-80805 München, Germany), S. Rügamer(Universität Würzburg, D-97074 Würzburg, Germany), A. Saggion(Università di Padova and INFN, I-35131 Padova, Italy), K. Saito(Japanese MAGIC Consortium, Division of Physics and Astronomy, Kyoto University, Japan), M. Salvati(INAF National Institute for Astrophysics, I-00136 Rome, Italy), K. Satalecka(Universidad Complutense, E-28040 Madrid, Spain), V. Scalzotto(Università di Padova and INFN, I-35131 Padova, Italy), V. Scapin(Universidad Complutense, E-28040 Madrid, Spain), C. Schultz(Università di Padova and INFN, I-35131 Padova, Italy), T. Schweizer(Max-Planck-Institut für Physik, D-80805 München, Germany), S. N. Shore(Università di Pisa, and INFN Pisa, I-56126 Pisa, Italy), A. Sillanpää(Finnish MAGIC Consortium, Tuorla Observatory, University of Turku and Department of Physics, University of Oulu, Finland), J. Sitarek(IFAE, Edifici Cn., Campus UAB, E-08193 Bellaterra, Spain), I. Snidaric(Croatian MAGIC Consortium, Rudjer Boskovic Institute, University of Rijeka and University of Split, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia), D. Sobczynska(University of Lodz, PL-90236 Lodz, Poland), F. Spanier(Universität Würzburg, D-97074 Würzburg, Germany), V. Stamatescu(IFAE, Edifici Cn., Campus UAB, E-08193 Bellaterra, Spain), A. Stamerra(INAF National Institute for Astrophysics, I-00136 Rome, Italy), T. Steinbring(Universität Würzburg, D-97074 Würzburg, Germany), J. Storz(Universität Würzburg, D-97074 Würzburg, Germany), S. Sun(Max-Planck-Institut für Physik, D-80805 München, Germany), T. Surić(Croatian MAGIC Consortium, Rudjer Boskovic Institute, University of Rijeka and University of Split, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia), L. Takalo(Finnish MAGIC Consortium, Tuorla Observatory, University of Turku and Department of Physics, University of Oulu, Finland), F. Tavecchio(INAF National Institute for Astrophysics, I-00136 Rome, Italy), P. Temnikov(Inst. for Nucl. Research and Nucl. Energy, BG-1784 Sofia, Bulgaria), T. Terzić(Croatian MAGIC Consortium, Rudjer Boskovic Institute, University of Rijeka and University of Split, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia), D. Tescaro(Inst. de Astrofísica de Canarias, E-38200 La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain), M. Teshima(Max-Planck-Institut für Physik, D-80805 München, Germany), J. Thaele(Technische Universität Dortmund, D-44221 Dortmund, Germany), O. Tibolla(Universität Würzburg, D-97074 Würzburg, Germany), D. F. Torres(Institut de Ciències de l'Espai), T. Toyama(Max-Planck-Institut für Physik, D-80805 München, Germany), A. Treves(Università dell'Insubria, Como, I-22100 Como, Italy), M. Uellenbeck(Technische Universität Dortmund, D-44221 Dortmund, Germany), P. Vogler(ETH Zurich, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland), R. M. Wagner(Max-Planck-Institut für Physik, D-80805 München, Germany), F. Zandanel(Inst. de Astrofísica de Andalucía), R. Zanin(Universitat de Barcelona), VERITAS collaboration(Physics Department, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 2T8, Canada), (Physics Department, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 2T8, Canada), S. Archambault(Physics Department, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 2T8, Canada), B. Behera(Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron), M. Beilicke(Department of Physics, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA), W. Benbow(Fred Lawrence Whipple Observatory, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, Amado, AZ 85645, USA), R. Bird(School of Physics, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland), J. H. Buckley(Department of Physics, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA), V. Bugaev(Department of Physics, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA), M. Cerruti(Fred Lawrence Whipple Observatory, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, Amado, AZ 85645, USA), X. Chen(Institute of Physics and Astronomy, University of Potsdam, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany), L. Ciupik(Astronomy Department, Adler Planetarium and Astronomy Museum, Chicago, IL 60605, USA), E. Collins-Hughes(School of Physics, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland), W. Cui(Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA), J. Dumm(School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA), J. D. Eisch(Department of Physics and Astronomy, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA), A. Falcone(Department of Astronomy and Astrophysics, 525 Davey Lab, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA), S. Federici(DESY, Platanenallee 6, 15738 Zeuthen, Germany), Q. Feng(Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA), J. P. Finley(Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA), H. Fleischhack(Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron), P. Fortin(Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA), L. Fortson(School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA), A. Furniss(Santa Cruz Institute for Particle Physics and Department of Physics, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA), S. Griffin(Physics Department, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 2T8, Canada), S. T. Griffiths(Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Iowa, Van Allen Hall, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA), J. Grube(Astronomy Department, Adler Planetarium and Astronomy Museum, Chicago, IL 60605, USA), G. Gyuk(Astronomy Department, Adler Planetarium and Astronomy Museum, Chicago, IL 60605, USA), D. Hanna(Physics Department, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 2T8, Canada), J. Holder(Department of Physics and Astronomy and the Bartol Research Institute, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USA), G. Hughes(Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron), T. B. Humensky(Physics Department, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA), C. A. Johnson(Santa Cruz Institute for Particle Physics and Department of Physics, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA), P. Kaaret(Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Iowa, Van Allen Hall, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA), M. Kertzman(Department of Physics and Astronomy, DePauw University, Greencastle, IN 46135-0037, USA), Y. Khassen(School of Physics, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland), D. Kieda(Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA), H. Krawczynski(Department of Physics, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA), F. Krennrich(Department of Physics and Astronomy, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA), S. Kumar(Department of Physics and Astronomy and the Bartol Research Institute, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USA), M. J. Lang(School of Physics, National University of Ireland Galway, University Road, Galway, Ireland), G. Maier(Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron), S. McArthur(Enrico Fermi Institute, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA), K. Meagher(School of Physics and Center for Relativistic Astrophysics, Georgia Institute of Technology, 837 State Street NW, Atlanta, GA 30332-0430), P. Moriarty(Department of Life and Physical Sciences, Galway-Mayo Institute of Technology, Dublin Road, Galway, Ireland), R. Mukherjee(Department of Physics and Astronomy, Barnard College, Columbia University, NY 10027, USA), R. A. Ong(Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA), A. N. Otte(School of Physics and Center for Relativistic Astrophysics, Georgia Institute of Technology, 837 State Street NW, Atlanta, GA 30332-0430), N. Park(Enrico Fermi Institute, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA), A. Pichel(Instituto de Astronomia y Fisica del Espacio, Casilla de Correo 67 - Sucursal 28), M. Pohl(Institute of Physics and Astronomy, University of Potsdam, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany), A. Popkow(Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA), H. Prokoph(Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron), J. Quinn(School of Physics, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland), K. Ragan(Physics Department, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 2T8, Canada), J. Rajotte(Physics Department, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 2T8, Canada), P. T. Reynolds(Department of Applied Physics and Instrumentation, Cork Institute of Technology, Bishopstown, Cork, Ireland), G. T. Richards(School of Physics and Center for Relativistic Astrophysics, Georgia Institute of Technology, 837 State Street NW, Atlanta, GA 30332-0430), E. Roache(Fred Lawrence Whipple Observatory, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, Amado, AZ 85645, USA), A. C. Rovero(Instituto de Astronomia y Fisica del Espacio, Casilla de Correo 67 - Sucursal 28), G. H. Sembroski(Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA), K. Shahinyan(School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA), D. Staszak(Physics Department, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 2T8, Canada), I. Telezhinsky(Institute of Physics and Astronomy, University of Potsdam, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany), M. Theiling(Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA), J. V. Tucci(Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA), J. Tyler(Physics Department, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 2T8, Canada), A. Varlotta(Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA), S. P. Wakely(Enrico Fermi Institute, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA), T. C. Weekes(Fred Lawrence Whipple Observatory, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, Amado, AZ 85645, USA), A. Weinstein(Department of Physics and Astronomy, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA), R. Welsing(Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron), A. Wilhelm(Institute of Physics and Astronomy, University of Potsdam, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany), D. A. Williams(Santa Cruz Institute for Particle Physics and Department of Physics, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA), B. Zitzer(Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 S. Cass Avenue, Argonne, IL 60439, USA), External collaborators(INAF, Osservatorio Astronomico di Torino, I-10025 Pino Torinese), (INAF, Osservatorio Astronomico di Torino, I-10025 Pino Torinese), M. Villata(INAF, Osservatorio Astronomico di Torino, I-10025 Pino Torinese), C. Raiteri(INAF, Osservatorio Astronomico di Torino, I-10025 Pino Torinese), H. D. Aller(Department of Astronomy, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-1042, USA), M. F. Aller(Department of Astronomy, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-1042, USA), W. P. Chen(Graduate Institute of Astronomy, National Central University, Jhongli 32054, Taiwan), B. Jordan(School of Cosmic Physics, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies, Dublin, 2, Ireland), E. Koptelova(Graduate Institute of Astronomy, National Central University, Jhongli 32054, Taiwan), O. M. Kurtanidze(Abastumani Observatory, Mt. Kanobili, 0301 Abastumani, Georgia), A. Lähteenmäki(Aalto University Metsähovi Radio Observatory Metsähovintie 114 FIN-02540 Kylmälä Finland), B. McBreen(University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland), V. M. Larionov(Isaac Newton Institute of Chile, St. Petersburg Branch, St. Petersburg, Russia), C. S. Lin(Graduate Institute of Astronomy, National Central University, Jhongli 32054, Taiwan), M. G. Nikolashvili(Abastumani Observatory, Mt. Kanobili, 0301 Abastumani, Georgia), E. Angelakis(Max-Planck-Institut für Radioastronomie, Auf dem Hügel 69, 53121 Bonn, Germany), M. Capalbi(ASI-Science Data Center, Via del Politecnico, I-00133 Rome, Italy), A. Carrami\ nana(Instituto Nacional de Astrofísica, Óptica y Electrónica, Tonantzintla, Puebla 72840, Mexico), L. Carrasco(Instituto Nacional de Astrofísica, Óptica y Electrónica, Tonantzintla, Puebla 72840, Mexico), P. Cassaro(INAF Istituto di Radioastronomia, Sezione di Noto, Contrada Renna Bassa, 96017 Noto), A. Cesarini(Department of Physics, University of Trento, I38050, Povo, Trento, Italy), L. Fuhrmann(Max-Planck-Institut für Radioastronomie, Auf dem Hügel 69, 53121 Bonn, Germany), M. Giroletti(INAF Istituto di Radioastronomia, 40129 Bologna, Italy), T. Hovatta(Cahill Center for Astronomy and Astrophysics, California Institute of Technology, 1200 E California Blvd, Pasadena, CA 91125), T. P. Krichbaum(Max-Planck-Institut für Radioastronomie, Auf dem Hügel 69, 53121 Bonn, Germany), H. A. Krimm(Astro Space Center of the Lebedev Physical Institute, 117997 Moscow, Russia), W. Max-Moerbeck(Cahill Center for Astronomy and Astrophysics, California Institute of Technology, 1200 E California Blvd, Pasadena, CA 91125), J. W. Moody(Department of Physics and Astronomy, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah 84602, USA), G. Maccaferri(INAF Istituto di Radioastronomia, Stazione Radioastronomica di Medicina, I-40059 Medicina), Y. Mori(Department of Physics, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Meguro City, Tokyo 152-8551, Japan), I. Nestoras(Max-Planck-Institut für Radioastronomie, Auf dem Hügel 69, 53121 Bonn, Germany), A. Orlati(INAF Istituto di Radioastronomia, Stazione Radioastronomica di Medicina, I-40059 Medicina), C. Pace(Indiana University, Department of Astronomy, Swain Hall West 319, Bloomington, IN 47405-7105, USA), R. Pearson(Department of Physics and Astronomy, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah 84602, USA), M. Perri(INAF National Institute for Astrophysics, I-00136 Rome, Italy), A. C. S. Readhead(Cahill Center for Astronomy and Astrophysics, California Institute of Technology, 1200 E California Blvd, Pasadena, CA 91125), J. L. Richards(Department of Physics, Purdue University, 525 Northwestern Ave, West Lafayette, IN 47907), A. C. Sadun(Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Denver, CO 80220, USA), T. Sakamoto(Department of Physics and Mathematics, College of Science and 952 Engineering, Aoyama Gakuin University, 5-10-1 Fuchinobe, Chuoku, Sagamihara-shi Kanagawa 252-5258, Japan), J. Tammi(Aalto University Metsähovi Radio Observatory Metsähovintie 114 FIN-02540 Kylmälä Finland), M. Tornikoski(Aalto University Metsähovi Radio Observatory Metsähovintie 114 FIN-02540 Kylmälä Finland), Y. Yatsu(Department of Physics, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Meguro City, Tokyo 152-8551, Japan), A. Zook(Department of Physics and Astronomy, Pomona College, Claremont CA 91711-6312, USA), Aleksić, J, Ansoldi, Stefano, Antonelli, L. A., Antoranz, P., Babic, A., Bangale, P., Barres De Almeida, U., Barrio, J. A., Becerra González, J., Bednarek, W., Berger, K., Bernardini, E., Biland, A., Blanch, O., Bock, R. K., Bonnefoy, S., Bonnoli, G., Borracci, F., Bretz, T., Carmona, E., Carosi, A., Carreto Fidalgo, D., Colin, P., Colombo, E., Contreras, J. L., Cortina, J., Covino, S., Da Vela, P., Dazzi, F., De Angelis, A., De Caneva, G., De Lotto, B., Delgado Mendez, C., Doert, M., Domínguez, A., Dominis Prester, D., Dorner, D., Doro, M., Einecke, S., Eisenacher, D., Elsaesser, D., Farina, E., Ferenc, D., Fonseca, M. V., Font, L., Frantzen, K., Fruck, C., García López, R. J., Garczarczyk, M., Garrido Terrats, D., Gaug, M., Giavitto, G., Godinović, N., González Muñoz, A., Gozzini, S. R., Hadamek, A., Hadasch, D., Herrero, A., Hildebrand, D., Hose, J., Hrupec, D., Idec, W., Kadenius, V., Kellermann, H., Knoetig, M. L., Krause, J., Kushida, J., La Barbera, A., Lelas, D., Lewandowska, N., Lindfors, E., Longo, Francesco, Lombardi, S., López, M., López Coto, R., López Oramas, A., Lorenz, E., Lozano, I., Makariev, M., Mallot, K., Maneva, G., Mankuzhiyil, N., Mannheim, K., Maraschi, L., Marcote, B., Mariotti, M., Martínez, M., Mazin, D., Menzel, U., Meucci, M., Miranda, J. M., Mirzoyan, R., Moralejo, A., Munar Adrover, P., Nakajima, D., Niedzwiecki, A., Nilsson, K., Nowak, N., Orito, R., Overkemping, A., Paiano, S., Palatiello, M., Paneque, D., Paoletti, R., Paredes, J. M., Paredes Fortuny, X., Partini, S., Persic, M., Prada, F., Prada Moroni, P. G., Prandini, E., Preziuso, S., Puljak, I., Reinthal, R., Rhode, W., Ribó, M., Rico, J., Rodriguezgarcia, J., Rügamer, S., Saggion, A., Saito, K., Salvati, M., Satalecka, K., Scalzotto, V., Scapin, V., Schultz, C., Schweizer, T., Shore, S. N., Sillanpää, A., Sitarek, J., Snidaric, I., Sobczynska, D., Spanier, F., Stamatescu, V., Stamerra, A., Steinbring, T., Storz, J., Sun, S., Surić, T., Takalo, L., Tavecchio, F., Temnikov, P., Terzić, T., Tescaro, D., Teshima, M., Thaele, J., Tibolla, O., Torres, D. F., Toyama, T., Treves, A., Uellenbeck, M., Vogler, P., Wagner, R. M., Zandanel, F., Zanin, R., Archambault, S., Behera, B., Beilicke, M., Benbow, W., Bird, R., Buckley, J. H., Bugaev, V., Cerruti, M., Chen, X., Ciupik, L., Collins Hughes, E., Cui, W., Dumm, J., Eisch, J. D., Falcone, A., Federici, S., Feng, Q., Finley, J. P., Fleischhack, H., Fortin, P., Fortson, L., Furniss, A., Griffin, S., Griffiths, S. T., Grube, J., Gyuk, G., Hanna, D., Holder, J., Hughes, G., Humensky, T. B., Johnson, C. A., Kaaret, P., Kertzman, M., Khassen, Y., Kieda, D., Krawczynski, H., Krennrich, F., Kumar, S., Lang, M. J., Maier, G., Mcarthur, S., Meagher, K., Moriarty, P., Mukherjee, R., Ong, R. A., Otte, A. N., Park, N., Pichel, A., Pohl, M., Popkow, A., Prokoph, H., Quinn, J., Ragan, K., Rajotte, J., Reynolds, P. T., Richards, G. T., Roache, E., Rovero, A. C., Sembroski, G. H., Shahinyan, K., Staszak, D., Telezhinsky, I., Theiling, M., Tucci, J. V., Tyler, J., Varlotta, A., Wakely, S. P., Weekes, T. C., Weinstein, A., Welsing, R., Wilhelm, A., Williams, D. A., Zitzer, B., Villata, M., Raiteri, C., Aller, H. D., Aller, M. F., Chen, W. P., Jordan, B., Koptelova, E., Kurtanidze, O. M., Lähteenmäki, A., Mcbreen, B., Larionov, V. M., Lin, C. S., Nikolashvili, M. G., Angelakis, E., Capalbi, M., Carramiñana, A., Carrasco, L., Cassaro, P., Cesarini, A., Fuhrmann, L., Giroletti, M., Hovatta, T., Krichbaum, T. P., Krimm, H. A., Max Moerbeck, W., Moody, J. W., Maccaferri, G., Mori, Y., Nestoras, I., Orlati, A., Pace, C., Pearson, R., Perri, M., Readhead, A. C. S., Richards, J. L., Sadun, A. C., Sakamoto, T., Tammi, J., Tornikoski, M., Yatsu, Y., Zook, A., Department of Radio Science and Engineering, Aalto-yliopisto, Aalto University, and Universitat de Barcelona
Subjects: Astrofísica, Brightness, Ciencias Físicas, blazars, Astrophysics, telescope, x-ray variability, 01 natural sciences, Spectral line, BL Lacertae objects, individual, Mrk 421, purl.org/becyt/ford/1 [https], Raigs gamma, emission, MAGIC (telescope), 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, Physics, astro-ph.HE, High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE), individual: Mrk 421 [BL Lacertae objects], Galaxies: BL Lacertae objects: individual: Markarian 421, Spectral energy distribution, Electrónica, Electricidad, Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, CIENCIAS NATURALES Y EXACTAS, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, FOS: Physical sciences, Context (language use), Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, power spectra, BL Lacertae object, tev photons, 0103 physical sciences, Nucli galàctic actiu, bl lacertae objects: individual: mrk 421, Blazar, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Space and Planetary Science, Active galactic nuclei, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, light curves, Gamma rays, Institut für Physik und Astronomie, purl.org/becyt/ford/1.3 [https], Light curve, Galaxies, Galàxies, Astronomía, Crab Nebula, optical variability, active galactic nuclei, Galàxies actives, Active galaxies, markarian-421, ddc:520
Abstract: We performed a 4.5-month multi-instrument campaign (from radio to VHE gamma rays) on Mrk421 between January 2009 and June 2009, which included VLBA, F-GAMMA, GASP-WEBT, Swift, RXTE, Fermi-LAT, MAGIC, and Whipple, among other instruments and collaborations. Mrk421 was found in its typical (non-flaring) activity state, with a VHE flux of about half that of the Crab Nebula, yet the light curves show significant variability at all wavelengths, the highest variability being in the X-rays. We determined the power spectral densities (PSD) at most wavelengths and found that all PSDs can be described by power-laws without a break, and with indices consistent with pink/red-noise behavior. We observed a harder-when-brighter behavior in the X-ray spectra and measured a positive correlation between VHE and X-ray fluxes with zero time lag. Such characteristics have been reported many times during flaring activity, but here they are reported for the first time in the non-flaring state. We also observed an overall anti-correlation between optical/UV and X-rays extending over the duration of the campaign. The harder-when-brighter behavior in the X-ray spectra and the measured positive X-ray/VHE correlation during the 2009 multi-wavelength campaign suggests that the physical processes dominating the emission during non-flaring states have similarities with those occurring during flaring activity. In particular, this observation supports leptonic scenarios as being responsible for the emission of Mrk421 during non-flaring activity. Such a temporally extended X-ray/VHE correlation is not driven by any single flaring event, and hence is difficult to explain within the standard hadronic scenarios. The highest variability is observed in the X-ray band, which, within the one-zone synchrotron self-Compton scenario, indicates that the electron energy distribution is most variable at the highest energies., Comment: Accepted for publication in A&A, 18 pages, 14 figures (v2 has a small modification in the acknowledgments, and also corrects a typo in the field "author" in the metadata)
Published: 2015
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24 results on '"Fleischhack, H"'

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24 results on '"Fleischhack, H"'

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