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30 results on '"Extreme conditions"'

1. Luminescent Nanothermometer Operating at Very High Temperature—Sensing up to 1000 K with Upconverting Nanoparticles (Yb3+/Tm3+)

Author: Inocencio R. Martín, Natalia Stopikowska, Stefan Lis, Przemysław Woźny, Víctor Lavín, and Marcin Runowski
Subjects: Lanthanide, Work (thermodynamics), Materials science, optical sensors, extreme conditions, Nanoparticle, 02 engineering and technology, 010402 general chemistry, 01 natural sciences, Thermal, General Materials Science, lanthanide ions, Range (particle radiation), business.industry, Resolution (electron density), 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, luminescent nanomaterials, 0104 chemical sciences, Optoelectronics, thermally and non-thermally coupled levels, 0210 nano-technology, business, Luminescence, Sensitivity (electronics), luminescence thermometry, Research Article
Abstract: Lanthanide-based luminescent nanothermometers play a crucial role in optical temperature determination. However, because of the strong thermal quenching of the luminescence, as well as the deterioration of their sensitivity and resolution with temperature elevation, they can operate in a relatively low-temperature range, usually from cryogenic to ≈800 K. In this work, we show how to overcome these limitations and monitor very high-temperature values, with high sensitivity (≈2.1% K-1) and good thermal resolution (≈1.4 K) at around 1000 K. As an optical probe of temperature, we chose upconverting Yb3+-Tm3+ codoped YVO4 nanoparticles. For ratiometric sensing in the low-temperature range, we used the relative intensities of the Tm3+ emissions associated with the 3F2,3 and 3H4 thermally coupled levels, that is, 3F2,3 → 3H6/3H4 → 3H6 (700/800 nm) band intensity ratio. In order to improve sensitivity and resolution in the high-temperature range, we used the 940/800 nm band intensity ratio of the nonthermally coupled levels of Yb3+ (2F5/2 → 2F7/2) and Tm3+ (3H4 → 3H6). These NIR bands are very intense, even at extreme temperature values, and their intensity ratio changes significantly, allowing accurate temperature sensing with high thermal and spatial resolutions. The results presented in this work may be particularly important for industrial applications, such as metallurgy, catalysis, high-temperature synthesis, materials processing and engineering, and so forth, which require rapid, contactless temperature monitoring at extreme conditions.
Published: 2020

2. Transferring bulk chemistry to interfacial synthesis of TFC-membranes to create chemically robust poly(epoxyether) films

Author: Elke Dom, Anthony Szymczyk, Marcel Dickmann, Werner Egger, Wouter Arts, Guy Koeckelberghs, Rhea Verbeke, Ivo F.J. Vankelecom, Catholic University of Leuven - Katholieke Universiteit Leuven (KU Leuven), Technische Universität Munchen - Université Technique de Munich [Munich, Allemagne] (TUM), Universität der Bundeswehr München [Neubiberg], Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes (ISCR), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Rennes (ENSCR)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA), KU Leuven [OT/11/061], Belgian Federal Government [IAP 6/27], Flemish Government [Nanomexico AIO/150474/SBO], Research Foundation Flanders (FWO) [1S00917N], Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), and Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Rennes (ENSCR)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Technology, Engineering, Chemical, Polymer Science, Filtration and Separation, 02 engineering and technology, 010402 general chemistry, 01 natural sciences, Biochemistry, REVERSE-OSMOSIS, MECHANISMS, Membrane technology, chemistry.chemical_compound, Engineering, Methyl orange, TFC-membranes, General Materials Science, Interfacial initiation of polymerization, Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Extreme conditions, Science & Technology, PERFORMANCE, DEGRADATION, SYSTEM PLEPS, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Interfacial polymerization, Nanofiltration, 0104 chemical sciences, INSIGHTS, [CHIM.POLY]Chemical Sciences/Polymers, Membrane, Monomer, POLYAMIDE MEMBRANES, chemistry, Chemical engineering, Polymerization, Physical Sciences, Poly(epoxyether), Chlorine-resistance, Chemical stability, SOLVENT RESISTANT NANOFILTRATION, 0210 nano-technology
Abstract: © 2019 Elsevier B.V. Membrane technology is currently still excluded from separations in more aggressive feeds due to limited chemical robustness. To extent its applicability, a novel thin-film composite (TFC)membrane was synthesized via the homopolymerization of epoxide monomers, resulting in robust poly(epoxyether)top-layers with >90% rose bengal (MW = 1017 Da)and 70% methyl orange (MW = 327 Da)retention with reasonable water fluxes (>2 L m -2 h −1 bar −1 ). The superior chemical stability of this novel nanofiltration membrane type was proven via treatments in pH 1 and 500 ppm NaOCl (pH 4)for, respectively, 48 h and 2.5 h, after which an unchanged or even improved membrane performance was observed. Additionally, the synthesis of the thin top-layer occurred via an interfacial initiation of the polymerization (IIP), rather than via state-of-the-art interfacial polymerization (IP). This IIP approach allowed to convert well-known monophasic bulk epoxide polymerization (commonly used in e.g. the automotive and coating industry), into the synthesis of thin, yet cross-linked top-layers. ispartof: JOURNAL OF MEMBRANE SCIENCE vol:582 pages:442-453 status: published
Published: 2019
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3. Influence of the Environment on the Reliability of Security Magnetic Contacts

Author: Jacek Dworzecki, Andrej Velas, Martin Boroš, and Viktor Šoltés
Subjects: 050210 logistics & transportation, Measure (data warehouse), reliability, Computer science, lcsh:Mechanical engineering and machinery, Mechanical Engineering, 010401 analytical chemistry, 05 social sciences, extreme conditions, 01 natural sciences, Article, 0104 chemical sciences, Reliability engineering, practical tests, ALARM, Control and Systems Engineering, 0502 economics and business, Doors, lcsh:TJ1-1570, magnetic contacts, Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Reliability (statistics), reaction distance
Abstract: Magnetic contacts are one of the basic components of an alarm system, providing access to buildings, especially windows and doors. From long-term reliability tests, it can be concluded that magnetic contacts show sufficient reliability. Due to global warming, we can measure high as well as low ambient temperatures in the vicinity of magnetic contacts, which can directly affect their reliability. As part of partial tests, research into the reliability of magnetic contacts, we created a test device with which their reaction distance was examined under extreme conditions simulated in a thermal chamber. The results of the practical tests have yielded surprising results.
Published: 2021
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4. The critical raw materials issue between scarcity, supply risk, and unique properties

Author: Daniel P. S. de Oliveira, Maria Luisa Grilli, Maria Letizia Ruello, Antje Wittenberg, Chiara Giosuè, Mihaela Girtan, Laboratoire de Photonique d'Angers (LPHIA), Université d'Angers (UA), Agenzia Nazionale per le nuove Tecnologie, l’energia e lo sviluppo economico sostenibile (ENEA), Laboratório Nacional de Energia e Geologia (LNEG), and Università Politecnica delle Marche [Ancona] (UNIVPM)
Subjects: strategic elements, extreme conditions, Distribution (economics), 02 engineering and technology, mining, 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, lcsh:Technology, 7. Clean energy, 01 natural sciences, universe-abundant elements, [SDU.STU.GC]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geochemistry, 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, General Materials Science, lcsh:QC120-168.85, media_common, Supply chains, Strategic elements, Editorial, Risk analysis (engineering), scarce minerals, lcsh:TK1-9971, Critical Raw Materials (CRM), 020209 energy, media_common.quotation_subject, Supply chain, Scarce minerals, Raw material, Mining, Scarcity, Lead (geology), substitution, media_common.cataloged_instance, European union, supply chains, lcsh:Microscopy, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Structure (mathematical logic), Extreme conditions, lcsh:QH201-278.5, lcsh:T, business.industry, Universe-abundant elements, Logical approach, lcsh:TA1-2040, 13. Climate action, lcsh:Descriptive and experimental mechanics, lcsh:Electrical engineering. Electronics. Nuclear engineering, Business, lcsh:Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General), Substitution
Abstract: This editorial reports on a thorough analysis of the abundance and scarcity distribution of chemical elements and the minerals they form in the Earth, Sun, and Universe in connection with their number of neutrons and binding energy per nucleon. On one hand, understanding the elements’ formation and their specific properties related to their electronic and nucleonic structure may lead to understanding whether future solutions to replace certain elements or materials for specific technical applications are realistic. On the other hand, finding solutions to the critical availability of some of these elements is an urgent need. Even the analysis of the availability of scarce minerals from European Union sources leads to the suggestion that a wide-ranging approach is essential. These two fundamental assumptions represent also the logical approach that led the European Commission to ask for a multi-disciplinary effort from the scientific community to tackle the challenge of Critical Raw Materials. This editorial is also the story of one of the first fulcrum around which a wide network of material scientists gathered thanks to the support of the funding organization for research and innovation networks, COST (European Cooperation in Science and Technology). info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
Published: 2021
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5. Experimental investigation of elemental and isotopic evaporation processes by laser heating in an aerodynamic levitation furnace

Author: Zhengbin Deng, Frederick J. Ryerson, James Badro, Nicolas Wehr, Paolo A. Sossi, Stephan Borensztajn, Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris (IPGP), and Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-IPG PARIS-Université de La Réunion (UR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP)
Subjects: Materials science, Metallurgy, Evaporation, Elemental fractionation, Isotopic fractionation, Aerodynamic levitation, Laser furnace, Extreme conditions, Planetary evaporation, 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, 7. Clean energy, 01 natural sciences, 13. Climate action, [SDU]Sciences of the Universe [physics], 0103 physical sciences, General Earth and Planetary Sciences, Laser heating, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, General Environmental Science
Abstract: We carried out evaporation experiments on a B-type calcium-aluminium-rich inclusion (CAI) melt in a gas-mixing aerodynamic levitation laser furnace, at 1873 K and an oxygen partial pressure of 10−9.1 atm, for durations ranging from 60 to 600 s. Evaporation of SiO2 and MgO follow the same trend as those observed in vacuum furnace experiments at the same temperature and starting composition, showing that their evaporation relative to one another from the melt is independent of pressure, oxygen fugacity, and hydrodynamical regime specific to the furnace. Isotopic ratios of Mg and Si in evaporation residues are used to derive fractionation factors of α26/24Mgvap−liq = 0.9906 ± 0.0004 and α30/28Sivap−liq = 0.9943 ±0.0003, which are both significantly closer to unity than those found for evaporation in a vacuum, which translates to less isotope fractionation. The residues are also less isotopically fractionated than expected for cases in which transport of the gas species away from the melt is diffusion-controlled at 1-atm. By analysing the flow regimes in our furnace, we find that advection by the levitating gas is the primary mode of mass transport away from the melt surface, as opposed to diffusion-limited transport in a vacuum or 1-atm tube furnace. A modified Hertz-Knudsen-Langmuir formulation accounts for this process, and shows that isotopic fractionation of both Si and Mg reflect a saturation factor (ratio of the pressure of the evaporating species to vapour saturation pressure) equal to 0.75. This is in perfect accord with recent measurements of Cu isotopic fractionation using a similar furnace. The fact that three elements (Mg, Si, Cu) with varying equilibrium vapour pressures, activity coefficients in the liquid, and diffusion coefficients in the gas have the same scaling behaviour to saturation pressure is a strong indication that the mechanism controlling evaporation is driven by the hydrodynamical regime imposed in the furnace. Therefore, this class of experiments can be used to constrain processes in which advection dominates over diffusion, such as (but not limited to) planetary ejecta, tektites, giant impacts, nebular condensation in a turbulent flow, or nuclear fallout material. Finally, the possibility to reach high temperatures (in excess of 3500 K) in this furnace allows it to be used to evaluate the activity coefficients of melt components in extreme conditions relevant to molten planetary interiors (i.e., magma oceans), with a specific focus on refractory elements. ISSN:1778-7025 ISSN:1631-0713
Published: 2021
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6. A Practical Review of the Laser-Heated Diamond Anvil Cell for University Laboratories and Synchrotron Applications

Author: Silvia Boccato and Simone Anzellini
Subjects: Diffraction, Materials science, Absorption spectroscopy, General Chemical Engineering, extreme conditions, Synchrotron radiation, 02 engineering and technology, 01 natural sciences, Diamond anvil cell, law.invention, Inorganic Chemistry, law, 0103 physical sciences, lcsh:QD901-999, General Materials Science, 010306 general physics, business.industry, synchrotron radiation, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Condensed Matter Physics, Laser, Synchrotron, Optoelectronics, lcsh:Crystallography, 0210 nano-technology, business, laser-heated diamond anvil cell
Abstract: In the past couple of decades, the laser-heated diamond anvil cell (combined with in situ techniques) has become an extensively used tool for studying pressure-temperature-induced evolution of various physical (and chemical) properties of materials. In this review, the general challenges associated with the use of the laser-heated diamond anvil cells are discussed together with the recent progress in the use of this tool combined with synchrotron X-ray diffraction and absorption spectroscopy.
Published: 2020

7. Interspecific Hybrids Show a Reduced Adaptive Potential Under DNA Damaging Conditions

Author: Carla Bautista, Souhir Marsit, and Christian R. Landry
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, 0106 biological sciences, Mutation rate, DNA damage, media_common.quotation_subject, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, lcsh:Evolution, extreme conditions, selection, adaptation, yeast, Biology, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Genome, Adaptability, 03 medical and health sciences, chemistry.chemical_compound, lcsh:QH359-425, Genetics, Saccharomyces paradoxus, experimental evolution, hybridization, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, 030304 developmental biology, Hybrid, media_common, Experimental evolution, 0303 health sciences, Original Articles, biology.organism_classification, 030104 developmental biology, chemistry, Original Article, Adaptation, General Agricultural and Biological Sciences, DNA
Abstract: Hybridization may increase the probability of adaptation to extreme stresses. This advantage could be caused by an increased genome plasticity in hybrids, which could accelerate the search for adaptive mutations. High ultraviolet (UV) radiation is a particular challenge in terms of adaptation because it affects the viability of organisms by directly damaging DNA, while also challenging future generations by increasing mutation rate. Here we test if hybridization accelerates adaptive evolution in response to DNA damage, using yeast as a model. We exposed 180 populations of hybrids between species (Saccharomyces cerevisiaeandSaccharomyces paradoxus) and their parental strains to UV mimetic and control conditions for approximately 100 generations. Although we found that adaptation occurs in both hybrids and parents, hybrids achieved a lower rate of adaptation, contrary to our expectations. Adaptation to DNA damage conditions comes with a large and similar cost for parents and hybrids, suggesting that this cost is not responsible for the lower adaptability of hybrids. We suggest that the lower adaptive potential of hybrids in this condition may result from the interaction between DNA damage and the inherent genetic instability of hybrids.
Published: 2020
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8. On the interplay between hypothermia and reproduction in a high arctic ungulate

Author: Eva Maria Greunz, Jesper Bruun Mosbacher, Mikkel Stelvig, Lars H. Hansen, Larissa T. Beumer, Niels Martin Schmidt, John E. Blake, Floris M. van Beest, Alina L. Evans, Marianna Chimienti, Carsten Grøndahl, and Jean-Pierre Desforges
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Forage (honey bee), Physiology, Greenland, extreme conditions, muskox, 01 natural sciences, HIBERNATION, Body Temperature, free-ranging animals, Pregnancy, MUSKOX OVIBOS-MOSCHATUS, VAGINAL IMPLANT TRANSMITTERS, Overwintering, media_common, Multidisciplinary, Ecology, Ovibos moschatus, Arctic Regions, Reproduction, BODY-TEMPERATURE, Ruminants, conserve energy, PREGNANCY, MAMMALS, Medicine, Female, Seasons, medicine.symptom, hypothermia, Ungulate, STRATEGIES, Science, media_common.quotation_subject, Zoology, Gestation period, Biology, 010603 evolutionary biology, hypometabolism, Article, HYPOMETABOLISM, medicine, Animals, Herbivory, Herbivore, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, low resources, VDP::Matematikk og Naturvitenskap: 400, Hypothermia, biology.organism_classification, Arctic, METABOLIC-RATE, PATTERNS, large mammals, Alaska
Abstract: For free-ranging animals living in seasonal environments, hypometabolism (lowered metabolic rate) and hypothermia (lowered body temperature) can be effective physiological strategies to conserve energy when forage resources are low. To what extent such strategies are adopted by large mammals living under extreme conditions, as those encountered in the high Arctic, is largely unknown, especially for species where the gestation period overlaps with the period of lowest resource availability (i.e. winter). Here we investigated for the first time the level to which high arctic muskoxen (Ovibos moschatus) adopt hypothermia and tested the hypothesis that individual plasticity in the use of hypothermia depends on reproductive status. We measured core body temperature over most of the gestation period in both free-ranging muskox females in Greenland and captive female muskoxen in Alaska. We found divergent overwintering strategies according to reproductive status, where pregnant females maintained stable body temperatures during winter, while non-pregnant females exhibited a temporary decrease in their winter body temperature. These results show that muskox females use hypothermia during periods of resource scarcity, but also that the use of this strategy may be limited to non-reproducing females. Our findings suggest a trade-off between metabolically-driven energy conservation during winter and sustaining foetal growth, which may also apply to other large herbivores living in highly seasonal environments elsewhere.
Published: 2020
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9. A portable on-axis laser-heating system for near-90° X-ray spectroscopy: application to ferropericlase and iron silicide

Author: Lélia Libon, Christian Albers, Christopher Weis, Ryosuke Sinmyo, Nicole Biedermann, Christoph J. Sahle, Alexander Nyrow, Ilya Kupenko, Zuzana Konôpková, Max Wilke, Manuel Harder, Valerio Cerantola, Konstantin Glazyrin, Georg Spiekermann, Metin Tolan, Leonid Dubrovinsky, Christian Sternemann, Ilya Sergueev, Hasan Yavaş, Wolfgang Morgenroth, Sylvain Petitgirard, Spiekermann, G, Kupenko, I, Petitgirard, S, Harder, M, Nyrow, A, Weis, C, Albers, C, Biedermann, N, Libon, L, Sahle, C, Cerantola, V, Glazyrin, K, Konopkova, Z, Sinmyo, R, Morgenroth, W, Sergueev, I, Yava, H, Dubrovinsky, L, Tolan, M, Sternemann, C, and Wilke, M
Subjects: Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Materials science, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, engineering.material, Inelastic scattering, 01 natural sciences, Diamond anvil cell, Spectral line, extreme condition, 0103 physical sciences, ddc:550, Emission spectrum, Physics::Atomic Physics, 010306 general physics, Spectroscopy, Instrumentation, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Extreme conditions, Nuclear resonant inelastic scattering, X-ray spectroscopy, Radiation, Laser heating, Attenuation, X-ray emission spectroscopy, Research Papers, High pressure, engineering, Physics::Accelerator Physics, Atomic physics, Ferropericlase
Abstract: A portable IR fiber laser-heating system, optimized for X-ray emission spectroscopy (XES) and nuclear inelastic scattering (NIS) spectroscopy with signal collection through the radial opening of diamond anvil cells near 90°with respect to the incident X-ray beam, is presented. The system offers double-sided on-axis heating by a single laser source and zero attenuation of incoming X-rays other than by the high-pressure environment. A description of the system, which has been tested for pressures above 100 GPa and temperatures up to 3000 K, is given. The XES spectra of laser-heated Mg0.67Fe0.33O demonstrate the potential to map the iron spin state in the pressure–temperature range of the Earth's lower mantle, and the NIS spectra of laser-heated FeSi give access to the sound velocity of this candidate of a phase inside the Earth's core. This portable system represents one of the few bridges across the gap between laser heating and high-resolution X-ray spectroscopies with signal collection near 90°., Journal of Synchrotron Radiation, 27 (2), ISSN:0909-0495, ISSN:1600-5775
Published: 2020
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10. Fungal Communities Resist Recovery in Sand Mine Restoration

Author: Breanne M. McAmmond, Jason Stevens, Monika A. Gorzelak, Andrew S. Whiteley, Paul G. Nevill, Miranda M. Hart, Jonathan D. Van Hamme, and Lynette Abbott
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, extreme conditions, Woodland, Environmental Science (miscellaneous), plant pathogens, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, sand mine, rehabilitation, Banksia, 03 medical and health sciences, Nutrient, Forest ecology, lcsh:Forestry, Water content, lcsh:Environmental sciences, 030304 developmental biology, Nature and Landscape Conservation, lcsh:GE1-350, 0303 health sciences, Global and Planetary Change, biology, Ecology, Forestry, Vegetation, Soil carbon, mycorrhizas, 15. Life on land, biology.organism_classification, Overburden, Environmental science, lcsh:SD1-669.5, fungi
Abstract: The restoration of vegetation post-mining is particularly challenging in extreme conditions such as Mediterranean systems where soil moisture is limiting, soil temperature fluctuates dramatically, and soil carbon is very low. In such systems, soil microbial communities may play an important role in attenuating extreme conditions. Thus, vegetation establishment on such sites may be curtailed by depauperate soil communities. Soil fungal communities, in particular, are essential for nutrient turn over but we know very little about how these communities respond to mining and post-mining restoration. Fungi may be significantly affected by restoration practices. For example, the inclusion of deeper soil profiles (i.e., “overburden”) into restoration events is rare, but may expedite fungal community development. We studied a successional gradient of sand mine restoration in a former Banksia woodland in SW Australia to determine whether soil fungal communities recovered after 13 years. We also asked whether the inclusion of overburden into restoration sites improved soil fungal community development. Overall, fungal communities did not return to a pre-disturbance state by 13 years, nor did the inclusion of overburden affect their trajectory. Longer term studies are need to determine when, if ever, fungal communities are restored, and what effect this has nascent vegetation.
Published: 2019
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11. Proteome Profiling of the Exhaled Breath Condensate after Long-Term Spaceflights

Author: A. M. Ryabokon, Evgeny N. Nikolaev, Sergey D. Varfolomeev, Lyudmila Kh. Pastushkova, A. V. Polyakov, A. G. Brzhozovskiy, Zoya O Solovyova, Irina M. Larina, Alexander I Spasskii, Kristina Fedorchenko, Vyacheslav Ilyin, N. V. Zakharova, Alexey S. Kononikhin, and Igor Popov
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, exhaled breath condensate, Time Factors, Proteome, extreme conditions, Physiology, Context (language use), astronauts, Spaceflight, Proteomics, 01 natural sciences, Catalysis, law.invention, Inorganic Chemistry, spaceflight, lcsh:Chemistry, 03 medical and health sciences, proteomics, law, Tandem Mass Spectrometry, Escherichia coli, Medicine, Humans, Exhaled breath condensate, Protein Interaction Maps, Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Molecular Biology, lcsh:QH301-705.5, Spectroscopy, Escherichia coli Infections, business.industry, Communication, 010401 analytical chemistry, Organic Chemistry, General Medicine, Space Flight, mass-spectrometry, 0104 chemical sciences, Computer Science Applications, Prolonged exposure, 030104 developmental biology, Proteome profiling, Breath Tests, lcsh:Biology (General), lcsh:QD1-999, YWHAZ, business
Abstract: Comprehensive studies of the effects of prolonged exposure to space conditions and the overload experienced during landing on physiological and biochemical changes in the human body are extremely important in the context of planning long-distance space flights, which can be associated with constant overloads and various risk factors for significant physiological changes. Exhaled breath condensate (EBC) can be considered as a valuable subject for monitoring physiological changes and is more suitable for long-term storage than traditional monitoring subjects such as blood and urine. Herein, the EBC proteome changes due to the effects of spaceflight factors are analyzed. Thirteen EBC samples were collected from five Russian cosmonauts (i) one month before flight (background), (ii) immediately upon landing modules in the field (R0) after 169−199 days spaceflights, and (iii) on the seventh day after landing (R+7). Semi-quantitative label-free EBC proteomic analysis resulted in 164 proteins, the highest number of which was detected in EBC after landing (R0). Pathways enrichment analysis using the GO database reveals a large group of proteins which take part in keratinization processes (CASP14, DSG1, DSP, JUP, and so on). Nine proteins (including KRT2, KRT9, KRT1, KRT10, KRT14, DCD, KRT6C, KRT6A, and KRT5) were detected in all three groups. A two-sample Welch’s t-test identified a significant change in KRT2 and KRT9 levels after landing. Enrichment analysis using the KEGG database revealed the significant participation of detected proteins in pathogenic E. coli infection (ACTG1, TUBA1C, TUBA4A, TUBB, TUBB8, and YWHAZ), which may indicate microbiota changes associated with being in space. This assumption is confirmed by microbial composition analysis. In general, the results suggest that EBC can be used for noninvasive monitoring of health status and respiratory tract pathologies during spaceflights, and that the obtained data are important for the development of medicine for use in extreme situations. Data are available from ProteomeXchange using the identifier PXD014191.
Published: 2019

12. Tardigrades in Space Research - Past and Future

Author: Erdmann Weronika and Kaczmarek Łukasz
Subjects: Extreme conditions, 0106 biological sciences, Ecology, Tardigrada, General Medicine, Biology, Astrobiology, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, High resistance, Extremophiles, Taxon, Space and Planetary Science, Space research, Exobiology, 0103 physical sciences, Animals, Extremophile, Water bears, Life History Traits, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, Space biology, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics
Abstract: To survive exposure to space conditions, organisms should have certain characteristics including a high tolerance for freezing, radiation and desiccation. The organisms with the best chance for survival under such conditions are extremophiles, like some species of Bacteria and Archea, Rotifera, several species of Nematoda, some of the arthropods and Tardigrada (water bears). There is no denying that tardigrades are one of the toughest animals on our planet and are the most unique in the extremophiles group. Tardigrada are very small animals (50 to 2,100 μm in length), and they inhabit great number of Earth environments. Ever since it was proven that tardigrades have high resistance to the different kinds of stress factors associated with cosmic journeys, combined with their relatively complex structure and their relative ease of observation, they have become a perfect model organism for space research. This taxon is now the focus of astrobiologists from around the world. Therefore, this paper presents a short review of the space research performed on tardigrades as well as some considerations for further studies.
Published: 2016
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13. Functional Traits of Plant Species Suitable for Revegetation of Landfill Waste from Nickel Smelter

Author: Elena Masarovičová, Tomáš Orfánus, Ivana Vykouková, and Malvína Čierniková
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Diplotaxis muralis, Specific leaf area, Environmental remediation, extreme conditions, 010501 environmental sciences, landfill waste, lcsh:Technology, 01 natural sciences, lcsh:Chemistry, Calamagrostis epigejos, General Materials Science, Dry matter, functional traits, Revegetation, lcsh:QH301-705.5, Instrumentation, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Fluid Flow and Transfer Processes, biology, lcsh:T, Process Chemistry and Technology, fungi, General Engineering, food and beverages, Vegetation, biology.organism_classification, lcsh:QC1-999, Computer Science Applications, 010601 ecology, lcsh:Biology (General), lcsh:QD1-999, Agronomy, lcsh:TA1-2040, Soil water, Environmental science, revegetation, lcsh:Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General), lcsh:Physics
Abstract: The landfill waste of leached ore residue represents a serious environmental risk and may also negatively affect the appearance, growth and development of vegetation. Here we focused on the evaluation of functional traits of selected plant species Populus alba, Calamagrostis epigejos, and Diplotaxis muralis growing in an unfavourable environment. We determined different adaptive strategies of selected species to extreme conditions. For Diplotaxis muralis the highest values of the leaf dry matter content (LDMC) and the lowest values of the specific leaf area (SLA) were determined, while for Calamagrostis epigejos these two traits correlated in opposite directions. Populus alba reached the lowest value of the water saturation deficit (WSD), suggesting that this species was most affected by soil water deficiency. The leaf water content (LWC) correlated negatively with the LDMC and positively with the SLA (narrow leaf blade). Although each plant species belongs to a different strategic group (therophyte, hemicryptophyte and phanerophyte in the juvenile stage), they are all very plastic and therefore suitable for remediation. Despite the unfavourable conditions, selected plant species were able to adapt to poor conditions and form more or less vital populations, which indicate the revegetation as a key measure for remediation of landfill waste from nickel smelter.
Published: 2021
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14. A review of the melting curves of transition metals at high pressures using static compression techniques

Author: Paraskevas Parisiades, Institut de minéralogie, de physique des matériaux et de cosmochimie (IMPMC), and Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR206-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Phase transition, Materials science, General Chemical Engineering, Static compression, extreme conditions, Thermodynamics, melting curves, 02 engineering and technology, 01 natural sciences, transition metals, Diamond anvil cell, Inorganic Chemistry, Transition metal, 0103 physical sciences, lcsh:QD901-999, General Materials Science, 010306 general physics, synchrotron radiation, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Condensed Matter Physics, phase transitions, High pressure, [PHYS.COND.CM-MS]Physics [physics]/Condensed Matter [cond-mat]/Materials Science [cond-mat.mtrl-sci], lcsh:Crystallography, 0210 nano-technology, laser-heated diamond anvil cell
Abstract: International audience; The accurate determination of melting curves for transition metals is an intense topic within high pressure research, both because of the technical challenges included as well as the controversial data obtained from various experiments. This review presents the main static techniques that are used for melting studies, with a strong focus on the diamond anvil cell; it also explores the state of the art of melting detection methods and analyzes the major reasons for discrepancies in the determination of the melting curves of transition metals. The physics of the melting transition is also discussed.
Published: 2021
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15. Diffusion in dense supercritical methane from quasi-elastic neutron scattering measurements

Author: Livia E. Bove, Umbertoluca Ranieri, Stefan Klotz, Richard Gaal, Michael Marek Koza, Institut Laue-Langevin (ILL), ILL, Institut de minéralogie, de physique des matériaux et de cosmochimie (IMPMC), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR206-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institute of Condensed Matter Physics [Lausanne], and Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL)
Subjects: Materials science, Chemical physics, Science, extreme conditions, General Physics and Astronomy, Thermodynamics, 02 engineering and technology, Neutron scattering, 7. Clean energy, 01 natural sciences, Article, General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology, Methane, chemistry.chemical_compound, simple liquids, Fluid dynamics, Natural gas, 0103 physical sciences, Structure of solids and liquids, Diffusion (business), Physics::Chemical Physics, 010306 general physics, Scaling, methane, diffusion, extreme conditions, simple liquids, Multidisciplinary, business.industry, methane, diffusion, General Chemistry, Hard spheres, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Supercritical fluid, chemistry, 13. Climate action, 0210 nano-technology, Energy source, business, [SDU.STU.MI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Mineralogy
Abstract: Methane, the principal component of natural gas, is an important energy source and raw material for chemical reactions. It also plays a significant role in planetary physics, being one of the major constituents of giant planets. Here, we report measurements of the molecular self-diffusion coefficient of dense supercritical CH4 reaching the freezing pressure. We find that the high-pressure behaviour of the self-diffusion coefficient measured by quasi-elastic neutron scattering at 300 K departs from that expected for a dense fluid of hard spheres and suggests a density-dependent molecular diameter. Breakdown of the Stokes–Einstein–Sutherland relation is observed and the experimental results suggest the existence of another scaling between self-diffusion coefficient D and shear viscosity η, in such a way that Dη/ρ=constant at constant temperature, with ρ the density. These findings underpin the lack of a simple model for dense fluids including the pressure dependence of their transport properties., Methane is abundant in the Universe, is an important energy carrier and a model system for fundamental studies. Here, the authors measure the self-diffusion coefficient of supercritical methane at ambient temperature up to the freezing pressure, and find a different behavior than expected based on previous models.
Published: 2021
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16. Diversity, ecology and distribution of benthic diatoms in thermo-mineral springs in Auvergne (France) and Sardinia (Italy)

Author: Elisabeth Allain, Carlos E. Wetzel, Aude Beauger, Olivier Voldoire, Giuseppina Grazia Lai, Antonella Gesuina Laura Lugliè, Bachisio Mario Padedda, Luc Ector, Università degli Studi di Sassari = University of Sassari [Sassari] (UNISS), Laboratoire de Géographie Physique et Environnementale (GEOLAB), Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand 2 (UBP)-Institut Sciences de l'Homme et de la Société (IR SHS UNILIM), Université de Limoges (UNILIM)-Université de Limoges (UNILIM)-Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Clermont Auvergne (UCA), Environmental Research and Innovation (ERIN) Department, Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology (LIST), Environmental Research and Innovation Department, DADU - Università degli Studi di Sassari, Sassari, Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand 2 (UBP)-Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020])-Université Clermont Auvergne (UCA)-Institut Sciences de l'Homme et de la Société (IR SHS UNILIM), and Université de Limoges (UNILIM)-Université de Limoges (UNILIM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Ecology (disciplines), Species distribution, Biodiversity, Distribution (economics), lcsh:Medicine, Sardinia, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology, Auvergne, Abundance (ecology), Thermo-mineral waters, Extreme conditions, Bacillariophyceae, biology, Ecology, business.industry, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, General Neuroscience, lcsh:R, General Medicine, 15. Life on land, biology.organism_classification, Springs, Taxon, Geography, Diatom, Benthic zone, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, General Agricultural and Biological Sciences, business
Abstract: This study investigated and compared the diatom flora from thermo-mineral springs in Auvergne (France) and Sardinia (Italy). Samples were collected from rock/cobbles and fine sediments in 16 springs between January 2015 and March 2017. A total of 207 taxa (59 genera) were found. Multivariate analyses revealed significant differences in species composition and abundance among diatom assemblages both within each geographic region and between Auvergne and Sardinia (global R = 0.516; p = 0.002), suggesting the importance of local and climatic factors in species distribution. Based on abundance and common occurrence in multiple sites, some taxa can be considered more representative of springs in each region: Crenotia thermalis for Auvergne and Lemnicola exigua, Nitzschia amphibia, N. inconspicua and Rhopalodia operculata for Sardinia. pH, conductivity and HCO3− were the most significant environmental variables for diatom assemblages. Our results highlight the high heterogeneity of these spring systems. Future taxonomic insights can be useful to define the identity of some abundant and dominant taxa not identified at the species level in this study. Their identification is a crucial step for a more precise ecological characterization and comparison of these peculiar spring systems.
Published: 2019
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17. Advanced high pressure turbine blade repair technologies

Author: Hans Jürgen Maier, M. Nicolaus, Stefan Kaierle, Irene Alfred, Kai Möhwald, Volker Wesling, and Jörg Hermsdorf
Subjects: High pressure turbine blade, Turbine blade, Cost effectiveness, Cobalt alloys, Mechanical engineering, Nickel coatings, 02 engineering and technology, 01 natural sciences, Nickel alloys, law.invention, Monocrystalline silicon, Coating, ddc:670, Aluminium, law, Nickel- based superalloys, Aluminizing process, Nickel-based superalloys, General Environmental Science, Turbomachine blades, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Cladded materials, Aircraft engines, 0210 nano-technology, Layer (electronics), Gas turbines, Materials science, Turbine components, Dewey Decimal Classification::600 | Technik::670 | Industrielle und handwerkliche Fertigung, Monocrystalline structures, chemistry.chemical_element, engineering.material, Hybrid joining, 010309 optics, Yttrium alloys, Coatings, 0103 physical sciences, Single crystal turbine blades, Brazing, Thermal spraying, Konferenzschrift, Extreme conditions, Chromium alloys, Laser cladding, Dewey Decimal Classification::600 | Technik, Aluminum alloys, chemistry, engineering, General Earth and Planetary Sciences, Single crystals, ddc:600, Repair
Abstract: Components in aircraft engines and gas turbines are exposed to extreme conditions in order to increase performance and efficiency of the overall engine, hence there is an increasing need for cost-effective and time-efficient repair strategies. Presented here are two novel approaches to the repair of Nickel-based components. The hybrid brazing process involves the application of a repair coating, a nickel-based filler material, a NiCoCrAlY and an aluminium layer, by thermal spraying followed by a heat treatment and combined brazing-aluminizing process. This significantly shortens the conventional repair brazing process and yields superior results. Single-crystal additive repair by laser cladding is applied for the repair of small or large defects in single-crystal turbine blades by enabling monocrystalline solidification of the cladded material by use of a temperature gradient, thereby allowing for the regeneration of these expensive components. The novel approach that combines layer-wise addition of material and laser melting enables the formation of highly monocrystalline structures.
Published: 2018
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18. GW170817: Measurements of Neutron Star Radii and Equation of State

Author: S. Penn, F. Garufi, P. Fulda, Surendra Nadh Somala, D. Bersanetti, G. L. Mansell, V. Dattilo, S. E. Barclay, J. L. Willis, M. Eisenmann, Ofek Birnholtz, Laura Cadonati, John A. Clark, Ben Farr, Sascha Husa, L. Trozzo, G. Venugopalan, D.B. DeBra, Priscilla Canizares, Albert Lazzarini, M. Bensch, M. Fays, M. Saleem, G. Greco, Stefan Hild, H. Estelles, Y. Ma, J. Suresh, Tjonnie G. F. Li, Eric Howell, S. Leavey, Hai-Ping Cheng, M. Katolik, A. Iess, L. K. Nuttall, D. Moraru, L. Kleybolte, A. Perreca, Daniel R. George, W. S. Kim, Christophe Collette, C. J. Perez, B. D. O'Brien, Milan Gupta, Tyson Littenberg, G. Gemme, T. D. Creighton, S. Barnum, Leopoldo Milano, Badri Krishnan, Gianpietro Cagnoli, Susan M. Scott, I. Khan, Marek Szczepanczyk, F. Carbognani, G. Mendell, Samuele Cortese, E. K. Porter, Y. Wang, C. E. Cirelli, Chad Hanna, A. Bramley, Jon M. Miller, R. Macas, G. Billingsley, S. Macfoy, B. B. Miller, J. A. Taylor, Ik Siong Heng, A. Rüdiger, J. Page, P. Booker, J. Trinastic, Rebecca Fisher, F. Robinet, J. Oberling, M. Pirello, Fiodor Sorrentino, X. Guo, K. Siellez, A. Di Lieto, S. J. Chamberlin, Jonathan Cripe, B. Lantz, G. Vedovato, K. S. Phukon, J. Li, A. R. Wade, C. M. Mow-Lowry, Sergey P. Vyatchanin, Giuseppe Intini, A. Allocca, A. F. Brooks, Samaya Nissanke, A. L. Miller, Mingliang Zhou, K. S. Karvinen, S. B. Coughlin, R. L. Savage, A. S. Bell, J. Eichholz, M. Fyffe, A. Avila-Alvarez, R. M. S. Schofield, K. Gill, C. Beer, V. Bossilkov, J. Derby, K. A. Thorne, D. B. Tanner, Isabel Cordero-Carrión, H. Qi, B. Irwin, Benjamin J. Owen, J. F. J. van den Brand, Rana X. Adhikari, Gabriela Gonzalez, K. R. Corley, S. Sunil, M. Tacca, Martin Hendry, Cecilio García-Quirós, R. Green, E. E. Cowan, S. Antier, M. Dovale Álvarez, J. Casanueva Diaz, P. Schale, S. E. Dwyer, David Keitel, P. Astone, Larne Pekowsky, C. Van Den Broeck, V. Kondrashov, M. Laxen, Walter Winkler, S. L. Danilishin, Arunava Mukherjee, B. Machenschalk, Alicia M. Sintes, Y. Minenkov, P. A. Altin, F. Y. Khalili, A. S. Markosyan, C. Fee, J. Birch, S. Bae, Harald Lück, L. Nevin, E. Coccia, C. Graef, B. A. Weaver, J. G. Rollins, Miguel-Ángel Aloy, L.-W. Wei, Kevin M. Ryan, F. Vetrano, D. Verkindt, M. Korobko, M. C. Díaz, K. V. Tokmakov, Antonios Kontos, Junwei Cao, Y. Boetzel, Jonathan Newport, D. Barker, B. Sassolas, P. J. Veitch, M. Cho, F. Donovan, R. Kennedy, S. J. Cooper, A. Lartaux-Vollard, Suvadeep Bose, R. Gouaty, C. Krämer, L. Sammut, Tim Dietrich, Lionel London, G. Valdes, Ken K. Y. Ng, Leo Singer, Subhabrata Mitra, Irene Fiori, G. A. Prodi, E. A. Quintero, J. C. Bayley, H. Wittel, M. Deenadayalan, S. G. Schwalbe, M. Phelps, R. G. Ormiston, G. Gaur, S. C. McGuire, S. Di Pace, Denis Martynov, V. Loriette, Charalampos Markakis, Z. Márka, Marco Bazzan, C. Ingram, A. Hreibi, D. C. Vander-Hyde, Jong H. Chow, J. Liu, Tristan Briant, M. Was, K. Venkateswara, R. Cotesta, Yuri Levin, P. T.H. Pang, D. M. Macleod, T. Etzel, G. Bergmann, J. Junker, Y. Setyawati, V. Tiwari, L. Conti, Serena Vinciguerra, R. Pedurand, Benno Willke, C. D. Booth, M. M. Hanke, R. Kirchhoff, B. L. Pearlstone, A. Ain, C. Cahillane, J. Hennig, M. A. Okada, Shubhanshu Tiwari, Bala R. Iyer, S. McCormick, G. Rutins, Graham Woan, Robert L. Byer, Stuart Reid, A. Samajdar, Jacob Scheuer, G. Pagano, S. A. Usman, F. Salemi, Federico Ferrini, H. Vocca, Eugeniy E. Mikhailov, Kendall Ackley, R. K. Nayak, X. Liu, N. Letendre, Nikhil Sarin, I. Maksimovic, R. L. Ward, G. Hemming, M. Pichot, C. Palomba, S. M. Koehlenbeck, M. P. Ross, T. B. Edo, Maximiliano Isi, Lionel Martellini, E. M. Gretarsson, D. Beniwal, C. Horst, Alberto Vecchio, J. M. Fishner, F. Martelli, L. Sun, Will M. Farr, D. B. Kozak, H. Y. Chia, F. Magaña-Sandoval, Lloyd Paul Aiello, B. C. Pant, Sourav Ghosh, Imre Bartos, G. Wang, L. Matone, Roman Schnabel, J. E. Brau, A. A. van Veggel, B. Day, E. Cuoco, Lijing Shao, G. Vajente, S. M. Gaebel, V. Gayathri, S. Walsh, Miriam Cabero, Alessandra Buonanno, R. Metzdorff, Gabrielle Allen, Geoffrey Lovelace, P. T. Baker, Ryan Magee, J. W. W. Pratt, Gregory M. Harry, J.-P. Zendri, Bernard F. Schutz, Li Ju, Daniel A. Shaddock, Brittany Kamai, Y. Bouffanais, C. V. Kalaghatgi, J. Hanson, K. Napier, W. K. Wong, S. Hochheim, Nicolas Sanchis-Gual, N. A. Robertson, Michael E Zucker, B. D. Lackey, D. Stocks, C. Vorvick, G. D. O'Dea, Robert Stone, C. Whittle, D. Buskulic, Alessandro Nagar, K. W. Chung, M. Montani, Nancy Aggarwal, Zahoor Ali Khan, S. Koley, Chandra Kant Mishra, A. C. Green, T. Theeg, V. Germain, S. Gaudio, R. Bhandare, D. Lumaca, Moritz Mehmet, C. Affeldt, V. Quetschke, Bangalore Suryanarayana Sathyaprakash, Michael L. Gorodetsky, Ryan Lynch, G. M. Guidi, Martin M. Fejer, J. R. Smith, R. Bork, S. Ghonge, K. AultONeal, L. Naticchioni, Salvatore Vitale, Peter Fritschel, M. Masso-Reid, Yu Zhang, Efim A. Khazanov, G. Ballardin, Fausto Acernese, Bruno Giacomazzo, Sylvia J. Zhu, J. G. Bartlett, Márton Tápai, David Jonathan Hofman, Angela Delli Paoli, S. Ascenzi, Jordan Camp, Haocun Yu, A. J. K. Chua, C. C. Yancey, R. Taylor, A. Corsi, Liam Cunningham, I. Dave, M. Fletcher, B. Hughey, F. Cipriano, Michael Thomas, M. Bejger, C. Collins, C. C. Buchanan, P. Kumar, P. Popolizio, Koji Arai, F. Marion, Gregorio Carullo, A. L. Urban, K. Mason, B. Pang, B. R. Hall, E. C. Ferreira, Sanjeev Dhurandhar, W. Katzman, L. van der Schaaf, S. A. Pai, Cody Messick, A. Chiummo, B. L. Swinkels, Guido Mueller, Kipp Cannon, A. Miller, M. Steinke, Hang Yu, M. Vardaro, A. K. Lenon, Lee McCuller, N. Mazumder, D. M. Wilken, T. D. Abbott, Beverly J. Smith, A. R. Williamson, Xing-Jiang Zhu, M. F. Carney, Zoheyr Doctor, A. Gennai, Q. Chu, D. J. McManus, Mi Zhang, C. Gray, G. H. Ogin, S. D. Linker, P. Couvares, Alessandro Bertolini, C. Aulbert, W. G. Anderson, G. Cella, B. P. Abbott, E. K. Gustafson, M. Oliver, E. Cesarini, T. J. Shaffer, Jonathan Blackman, Luca Gammaitoni, A. K. Srivastava, A. E. Pace, A. Fernandez-Galiana, M. Mantovani, Xin Chen, R. M. Martin, David A. Nichols, S. V. Angelova, E. J. Sanchez, S. E. Gossan, G. Giordano, K. Toland, I. Belahcene, S. T. Countryman, Andrew Matas, W. H. Wang, R. Cavalieri, E. G. Thomas, A. Basti, Ryan N. Lang, Harald P. Pfeiffer, M. H. Wimmer, A. Effler, R. Robie, J. McIver, P. Puppo, A. W. Muir, R. A. Eisenstein, B. J. J. Slagmolen, Hee-Suk Cho, A. Dmitriev, R. Passaquieti, S. Katsanevas, Madeline Wade, L. E. Sanchez, Enrico Calloni, C. I. Torrie, Jan Harms, A. S. Sengupta, Vuk Mandic, L. Magaña Zertuche, Lili Yang, S. Vass, William Yam, L. Wallace, A. Królak, R. Frey, R. Coyne, Duncan Meacher, Fabrice Matichard, E. A. Muñiz, S. Brunett, E. A. Chase, Z. Frei, J. A. Giaime, Y. M. Kim, Hartmut Grote, N. Bode, M. K. M. Bader, A. Brillet, José A. Font, M. Branchesi, S. Chua, J. C. Batch, Satyanarayan Ray Pitambar Mohapatra, Mark A. Scheel, F. Clara, Francesco Pannarale, R. Flaminio, J.-P. Coulon, Soichiro Morisaki, Xavier Siemens, Maya Fishbach, O. Chaibi, M. Leonardi, L. E. Wade, Maher Yazback, S. Caride, G. Traylor, Thomas Corbitt, L. Salconi, C. A. Costa, E. K. Wessel, E. Massera, A. A. Shah, M. Merzougui, Roy Williams, G. D. Meadors, Mairi Sakellariadou, M. Brinkmann, T. Zelenova, Riccardo Bassiri, Magnus Manske, M. Rizzo, V. Predoi, I. W. Martin, David Cohen, David E. McClelland, G. Losurdo, J.-D. Fournier, Philip F. Hopkins, S. Frasca, A. Pasqualetti, Surabhi Sachdev, Christopher J. Moore, Christopher P. L. Berry, V. V. Frolov, A. Singhal, P. Leaci, A. Colla, D. Nolting, O. de Varona, Kai Staats, Miftar Ganija, D. Huet, A. Ramos-Buades, A. Rocchi, Sumanta Tewari, C. Cocchieri, B. Goncharov, R. Birney, Devon S. Johnson, M. Kinley-Hanlon, D. Pascucci, C. Bradaschia, E. A. Huerta, R. Goetz, M. C. Milovich-Goff, A. L. Stuver, Edward Seidel, K. Bossie, Odylio D. Aguiar, J. L. Wright, L. Rei, Samuel Deléglise, R. De Rosa, E. Maros, M. C. Tringali, S. H. Huttner, A. Viceré, Riccardo Ciolfi, Yi Chen, Athol J. Kemball, B. W. Schulte, F. Brighenti, Aniello Grado, R. C. Walet, V. P. Mitrofanov, Neil J. Cornish, T. Di Girolamo, H. S. Chen, B. Shapiro, A. Bisht, I. Nardecchia, D. V. Atallah, T. Zhang, M. Ast, Carlos Cepeda, Stephen Fairhurst, Carl Blair, Robert J. McCarthy, Linqing Wen, C. Buy, A. D. Silva, J. Woehler, A. Cirone, Alena Ananyeva, Stanislav Babak, M. Constancio, Archana Pai, Philippe Landry, F. Paoletti, F. Cleva, Andrew Melatos, M. Lorenzini, Maria Ilaria Del Principe, Tarun Souradeep, M. Yvert, Sanjay Kumar, C. L. Romel, Piotr Jaranowski, M. Hulko, Binlei Ding, A. Gupta, D. Passuello, M. Nery, Thibaut Jacqmin, I. Kowalska, D. Estevez, Ettore Majorana, E. J. Daw, S. Chung, P. Ehrens, F. J. Hernandez, Paul M. Ricker, H. F. Hamilton, A. A. Ciobanu, H. Khan, Mark Hannam, F. Thies, Peter Aufmuth, T. Sadecki, Jing Wang, S. Grunewald, M. Bitossi, P. Thomas, K. Wette, John J. Oh, Timothy Evans, A. Post, Maurizio Canepa, M. Punturo, P. H. Nguyen, Antonio Marquina, Rory Smith, C. Adams, Marie-Anne Bizouard, R. M. Blair, M. Agathos, Hyun Lee, J. Calderón Bustillo, W. Del Pozzo, D. Sigg, Paolo Addesso, K. D. Giardina, C. Pankow, S. W. Ballmer, A. Mullavey, T. J. N. Nelson, D. M. Shoemaker, P. M. Meyers, M. Arène, P. F. Cohadon, H. Heitmann, Michelle E. Walker, C. R. Billman, Tanja Hinderer, C. Dreissigacker, G. Moreno, S. Mastrogiovanni, R. K. Lanza, L. Possenti, S. Klimenko, P. Dupej, A. K. Zadrożny, J. K. Wofford, M. A. Page, D. Tuyenbayev, D. Rosińska, Patrice Hello, G. Bogaert, D. Schuette, Kevin Barkett, S. Meshkov, Seog Oh, M. C. Araya, Xiaohui Fan, Richard O'Shaughnessy, B. Barr, Saniya Khan, Laura Sampson, Douglas Davis, Geraint Pratten, H. Fair, K. G. Arun, D. H. Shoemaker, A. Strunk, E. J. Son, E. Capocasa, I. Dorrington, M. van Beuzekom, H. J. Bulten, I. Di Palma, L. Glover, S. Biscoveanu, Hongyu Shen, D. C. Coyne, K. Izumi, Collin D. Capano, T. Hardwick, D. Steinmeyer, M. Fitz-Axen, P. Bacon, Daniel E. Holz, C. Lazzaro, Patricia Schmidt, Matthew Evans, J. Worden, V. Brisson, A. Trovato, M. B. Shaner, Andrea Taracchini, V. Fafone, B. Gateley, Howard Pan, László Á. Gergely, D. Sentenac, Jessica Steinlechner, A. Neunzert, T. Chmiel, M. Heurs, Aaron Buikema, C. C. Wipf, E. J. King, J-Y. Vinet, Daichi Tsuna, J. S. Lange, James Healy, Reed Essick, P. Brockill, B. Sorazu, C. Messenger, Chunnong Zhao, Travis Robson, S. A. Bilgili, S. Karki, A. Kutynia, T. T. Nguyen, Andrea Chincarini, Nergis Mavalvala, Jerome Degallaix, T. Z. Summerscales, B. Agarwal, J. V. van Heijningen, Leo Tsukada, Barry C. Barish, M. Bawaj, P. J. Sutton, Alyssa Garcia, V. Sequino, Alex B. Nielsen, J. H. Romie, M. J. Cowart, E. Z. Hamilton, B. Patricelli, Sebastiano Bernuzzi, D. S. Wu, Margaret Millhouse, S. G. Gaonkar, Eric Thrane, O. Halim, D. Mendoza-Gandara, N. Leroy, Rajesh Kumar, H. Vahlbruch, Gunnar Riemenschneider, J. C. Mills, Haixing Miao, H. Ohta, C. Casentini, V. Kringel, R. Inta, Tania Regimbau, K. W. Tsang, K. Riles, H. Middleton, J. M. Isac, Paul J. Groot, M. Zevin, M. J. Yap, C. Michel, G. Kuehn, M. Drago, Guenakh Mitselmakher, Sarah Caudill, F. J. Raab, N. Mukund, L. R. Cominsky, J. J. Bero, W. Parker, S. B. Anderson, O. Bock, R. Tso, K. L. Dooley, Aaron Zimmerman, T. D. Knowles, R. Quitzow-James, B. Bécsy, B. Khamesra, M. Kasprzack, L. Mereni, Fangchen Feng, Lisa Barsotti, E. A. Houston, M. Weinert, H. A. G. Gabbard, Patrick M. Koch, J. Westerweck, F. Fidecaro, Anirban Dasgupta, S. Banagiri, J. C. Barayoga, A. Bohe, Tomasz Bulik, Alessandro Longo, D. Fiorucci, V. B. Adya, Otto A. Hannuksela, Zachariah B. Etienne, M. Rakhmanov, Albino Perego, R. Gustafson, S. Privitera, Richard J. Abbott, Jennifer Watchi, A. Cumming, Richard J. Oram, E. Schreiber, G. Kang, A. Pal-Singh, J. J. McCann, E. Mejuto-Villa, H. N. Isa, M. S. Shahriar, P. Ruggi, F. Di Renzo, E. Genin, François Bondu, J. Zhang, F. Baldaccini, L. F. Ortega, K. Mogushi, N. V. Keerthana, A. Markowitz, S. Raja, S. E. Strigin, T. P. Downes, B. A. Boom, A. M. Sergeev, John Veitch, F. Badaracco, J. Lehmann, A. J. Weinstein, Debnandini Mukherjee, F. Frasconi, M. Boer, J. B. Kanner, H. Fong, M. J. Hart, C. De Rossi, J. Zweizig, V. Boschi, R. J. G. Jonker, M. Pedraza, M. Chan, Maria Alessandra Papa, F. Cavalier, J. K. Blackburn, E. Chassande-Mottin, Sheila Rowan, P. J. King, M. Pürrer, S. Kwang, P. Oppermann, R. Mittleman, Jay D. Tasson, M. Landry, Nelson Christensen, S. D'Antonio, H. Fehrmann, G. Dálya, Yosef Zlochower, E. L. Merilh, L. Di Fiore, B. Mours, T. Dal Canton, N. Arnaud, Maggie Tse, S. G. Crowder, S. Doravari, C. Austin, M. Barsuglia, Innocenzo M. Pinto, W. Ren, Benjamin William Allen, J. Bosveld, Mandar Patil, Abhirup Ghosh, Karsten Danzmann, Sebastian Steinlechner, Hua Wang, K. H. Lai, Aaron Viets, K. Chatziioannou, Vijay Varma, M. MacInnis, J. S. Areeda, S. Kaufer, Rainer Weiss, K. E. Ramirez, D. Moffa, Jocelyn Read, Hyang Woon Lee, A. Grant, Slawomir Gras, S. W. S. Ng, F. Ricci, P. Rapagnani, Carl-Johan Haster, Colm Talbot, L. Rolland, N. Indik, Fabrizio Barone, M. Mohan, Andreas Freise, Vincenzo Pierro, Paul D. Lasky, W. W. Johnson, L. Zhang, J. Feicht, O. Puncken, N. Man, Joey Shapiro Key, J. R. Sanders, T. J. Slaven-Blair, O. Sauter, S. P. Stevenson, Matthew Pitkin, R. K.L. Lo, P. B. Covas, David Blair, V. Dolique, K. Haughian, B. U. Gadre, Sebastien Biscans, M. Granata, D. Ugolini, P. Clearwater, E. J. Fauchon-Jones, M. Lormand, D. J. Stops, D. Talukder, David A. Williams, I. W. Harry, Shiuh Chao, Felix Wellmann, J. Warner, C. Rajan, R. DeSalvo, T. Prestegard, M. C. Edwards, O. V. Palashov, Sean T. McWilliams, F. Piergiovanni, S. Márka, M. Davier, S. J. Kapadia, Kenneth A. Strain, Jimin George, M. Sieniawska, Gregory Ashton, J. M. Gonzalez Castro, B. D. Cheeseboro, G. Cerretani, P. J. Easter, Fabio Marchesoni, Kyungmin Kim, Debarati Chatterjee, T. Denker, B. O'Reilly, P. Gruning, T. Huynh-Dinh, Chunglee Kim, D. Barta, J. S. Kissel, H. Cao, D. J. Vine, Marc Favata, Roger Jones, V. J. Roma, A. P. Spencer, D. D. Brown, Anthony A. Amato, N. van Bakel, A. Masserot, K. Kawabe, S. M. Aston, K. Ueno, Michael W. Coughlin, Zhihui Du, G. Ciani, A. Parida, S. S. Eikenberry, Rosa Poggiani, V. Frey, S. Farinon, A. Pele, P. Raffai, J. Hanks, Nicholas Demos, J. D. Lough, Soma Mukherjee, C. F. Da Silva Costa, P. G. Murray, B. K. Berger, Fabien Kéfélian, J. H. Hough, P. W. F. Forsyth, J. R. Palamos, S. Appert, A. Giazotto, P. Shawhan, I. Ferrante, P. Charlton, Kejia Lee, Zifan Zhou, I. A. Bilenko, David J. Ottaway, Ashutosh Kumar Singh, Christian Pedersen, L. Pinard, W. Z. Korth, S. C. Tait, Torrey Cullen, Bernard F. Whiting, David Jones, Marco Cavaglia, A. W. Heptonstall, Pablo Cerdá-Durán, Vivien Raymond, Peter R. Saulson, Z. Tornasi, Terry G. McRae, L. G. Prokhorov, J. Betzwieser, Antoine Heidmann, D. Töyrä, H. Overmier, N. A. Holland, D. Sellers, J. Meidam, M. Gosselin, Riccardo Sturani, D. Hoak, Patrick Brady, M. Haney, T. A. 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P., Abbott, R., Abbott, T. D., Acernese, F., Ackley, K., Adams, C., Adams, T., Addesso, P., Adhikari, R. X., Adya, V. B., Affeldt, C., Agarwal, B., Agathos, M., Agatsuma, K., Aggarwal, N., Aguiar, O. D., Aiello, L., Ain, A., Ajith, P., Allen, B., Allen, G., Allocca, A., Aloy, M. A., Altin, P. A., Amato, A., Ananyeva, A., Anderson, S. B., Anderson, W. G., Angelova, S. V., Antier, S., Appert, S., Arai, K., Araya, M. C., Areeda, J. S., Arène, M., Arnaud, N., Arun, K. G., Ascenzi, S., Ashton, G., Ast, M., Aston, S. M., Astone, P., Atallah, D. V., Aubin, F., Aufmuth, P., Aulbert, C., Aultoneal, K., Austin, C., Avila-Alvarez, A., Babak, S., Bacon, P., Badaracco, F., Bader, M. K. M., Bae, S., Baker, P. T., Baldaccini, F., Ballardin, G., Ballmer, S. W., Banagiri, S., Barayoga, J. C., Barclay, S. E., Barish, B. C., Barker, D., Barkett, K., Barnum, S., Barone, F., Barr, B., Barsotti, L., Barsuglia, M., Barta, D., Bartlett, J., Bartos, I., Bassiri, R., Basti, A., Batch, J. 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A., Clearwater, P., Cleva, F., Cocchieri, C., Coccia, E., Cohadon, P. -F., Cohen, D., Colla, A., Collette, C. G., Collins, C., Cominsky, L. R., Constancio, M., Conti, L., Cooper, S. J., Corban, P., Corbitt, T. R., Cordero-Carrión, I., Corley, K. R., Cornish, N., Corsi, A., Cortese, S., Costa, C. A., Cotesta, R., Coughlin, M. W., Coughlin, S. B., Coulon, J. -P., Countryman, S. T., Couvares, P., Covas, P. B., Cowan, E. E., Coward, D. M., Cowart, M. J., Coyne, D. C., Coyne, R., Creighton, J. D. E., Creighton, T. D., Cripe, J., Crowder, S. G., Cullen, T. J., Cumming, A., Cunningham, L., Cuoco, E., Canton, T. Dal, Dálya, G., Danilishin, S. L., D'Antonio, S., Danzmann, K., Dasgupta, A., Da Silva Costa, C. F., Dattilo, V., Dave, I., Davier, M., Davis, D., Daw, E. J., Day, B., Debra, D., Deenadayalan, M., Degallaix, J., De Laurentis, M., Deléglise, S., Del Pozzo, W., Demos, N., Denker, T., Dent, T., De Pietri, R., Derby, J., Dergachev, V., De Rosa, Rosario, De Rossi, C., Desalvo, R., De Varona, O., Dhurandhar, S., Díaz, M. C., Dietrich, T., Di Fiore, L., Di Giovanni, M., Di Girolamo, T., Di Lieto, A., Ding, B., Di Pace, S., Di Palma, I., Di Renzo, F., Dmitriev, A., Doctor, Z., Dolique, V., Donovan, F., Dooley, K. L., Doravari, S., Dorrington, I., Dovale Álvarez, M., Downes, T. P., Drago, M., Dreissigacker, C., Driggers, J. C., Du, Z., Dupej, P., Dwyer, S. E., Easter, P. J., Edo, T. B., Edwards, M. C., Effler, A., Eggenstein, H. -B., Ehrens, P., Eichholz, J., Eikenberry, S. S., Eisenmann, M., Eisenstein, R. A., Essick, R. C., Estelles, H., Estevez, D., Etienne, Z. B., Etzel, T., Evans, M., Evans, T. M., Fafone, V., Fair, H., Fairhurst, S., Fan, X., Farinon, S., Farr, B., Farr, W. M., Fauchon-Jones, E. J., Favata, M., Fays, M., Fee, C., Fehrmann, H., Feicht, J., Fejer, M. M., Feng, F., Fernandez-Galiana, A., Ferrante, I., Ferreira, E. C., Ferrini, F., Fidecaro, F., Fiori, I., Fiorucci, D., Fishbach, M., Fisher, R. P., Fishner, J. M., Fitz-Axen, M., Flaminio, R., Fletcher, M., Fong, H., Font, J. A., Forsyth, P. W. F., Forsyth, S. S., Fournier, J. -D., Frasca, S., Frasconi, F., Frei, Z., Freise, A., Frey, R., Frey, V., Fritschel, P., Frolov, V. V., Fulda, P., Fyffe, M., Gabbard, H. A., Gadre, B. U., Gaebel, S. M., Gair, J. R., Gammaitoni, L., Ganija, M. R., Gaonkar, S. G., Garcia, A., García-Quirós, C., Garufi, F., Gateley, B., Gaudio, S., Gaur, G., Gayathri, V., Gemme, G., Genin, E., Gennai, A., George, D., George, J., Gergely, L., Germain, V., Ghonge, S., Ghosh, Abhirup, Ghosh, Archisman, Ghosh, S., Giacomazzo, B., Giaime, J. A., Giardina, K. D., Giazotto, A., Gill, K., Giordano, G., Glover, L., Goetz, E., Goetz, R., Goncharov, B., González, G., Gonzalez Castro, J. M., Gopakumar, A., Gorodetsky, M. L., Gossan, S. E., Gosselin, M., Gouaty, R., Grado, A., Graef, C., Granata, M., Grant, A., Gras, S., Gray, C., Greco, G., Green, A. C., Green, R., Gretarsson, E. M., Groot, P., Grote, H., Grunewald, S., Gruning, P., Guidi, G. M., Gulati, H. K., Guo, X., Gupta, A., Gupta, M. K., Gushwa, K. E., Gustafson, E. K., Gustafson, R., Halim, O., Hall, B. R., Hall, E. D., Hamilton, E. Z., Hamilton, H. F., Hammond, G., Haney, M., Hanke, M. M., Hanks, J., Hanna, C., Hannam, M. D., Hannuksela, O. A., Hanson, J., Hardwick, T., Harms, J., Harry, G. M., Harry, I. W., Hart, M. J., Haster, C. -J., Haughian, K., Healy, J., Heidmann, A., Heintze, M. C., Heitmann, H., Hello, P., Hemming, G., Hendry, M., Heng, I. S., Hennig, J., Heptonstall, A. W., Hernandez, F. J., Heurs, M., Hild, S., Hinderer, T., Ho, W. C. G., Hoak, D., Hochheim, S., Hofman, D., Holland, N. A., Holt, K., Holz, D. E., Hopkins, P., Horst, C., Hough, J., Houston, E. A., Howell, E. J., Hreibi, A., Huerta, E. A., Huet, D., Hughey, B., Hulko, M., Husa, S., Huttner, S. H., Huynh-Dinh, T., Iess, A., Indik, N., Ingram, C., Inta, R., Intini, G., Irwin, B. S., Isa, H. N., Isac, J. -M., Isi, M., Iyer, B. R., Izumi, K., Jacqmin, T., Jani, K., Jaranowski, P., Johnson, D. S., Johnson, W. W., Jones, D. I., Jones, R., Jonker, R. J. G., Ju, L., Junker, J., Kalaghatgi, C. V., Kalogera, V., Kamai, B., Kandhasamy, S., Kang, G., Kanner, J. B., Kapadia, S. J., Karki, S., Karvinen, K. S., Kasprzack, M., Katolik, M., Katsanevas, S., Katsavounidis, E., Katzman, W., Kaufer, S., Kawabe, K., Keerthana, N. V., Kéfélian, F., Keitel, D., Kemball, A. J., Kennedy, R., Key, J. S., Khalili, F. Y., Khamesra, B., Khan, H., Khan, I., Khan, S., Khan, Z., Khazanov, E. A., Kijbunchoo, N., Kim, Chunglee, Kim, J. C., Kim, K., Kim, W., Kim, W. S., Kim, Y. -M., King, E. J., King, P. J., Kinley-Hanlon, M., Kirchhoff, R., Kissel, J. S., Kleybolte, L., Klimenko, S., Knowles, T. 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J, Was, M, Watchi, J, Weaver, B, Wei, Lw, Weinert, M, Weinstein, Aj, Weiss, R, Wellmann, F, Wen, L, Wessel, Ek, Wessels, P, Westerweck, J, Wette, K, Whelan, Jt, Whiting, Bf, Whittle, C, Wilken, D, Williams, D, Williams, Rd, Williamson, Ar, Willis, Jl, Willke, B, Wimmer, Mh, Winkler, W, Wipf, Cc, Wittel, H, Woan, G, Woehler, J, Wofford, Jk, Wong, Wk, Worden, J, Wright, Jl, Wu, D, Wysocki, Dm, Xiao, S, Yam, W, Yamamoto, H, Yancey, Cc, Yang, L, Yap, Mj, Yazback, M, Yu, H, Yu, Hc, Yvert, M, Zadrozny, A, Zanolin, M, Zelenova, T, Zendri, Jp, Zevin, M, Zhang, J, Zhang, L, Zhang, M, Zhang, T, Zhang, Yh, Zhao, C, Zhou, M, Zhou, Z, Zhu, Sj, Zhu, Xj, Zimmerman, Ab, Zlochower, Y, Zucker, Me, Zweizig, J, The LIGO Scientific Collaboration, The Virgo Collaboration, Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Observatoire de Paris, PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire de la Côte d'Azur, Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (... - 2019) (UNS), COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-École Nationale Supérieure des Sciences Appliquées et de Technologie (ENSSAT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-IMT Atlantique Bretagne-Pays de la Loire (IMT Atlantique), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Fédération de recherche du Département de physique de l'Ecole Normale Supérieure - ENS Paris (FRDPENS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Collège de France (CdF (institution)), Abbott, B, Abbott, T, Adhikari, R, Adya, V, Aguiar, O, Aloy, M, Altin, P, Anderson, S, Anderson, W, Angelova, S, Araya, M, Arène, M, Arun, K, Aston, S, Atallah, D, Bader, M, Baker, P, Ballmer, S, Barayoga, J, Barclay, S, Barish, B, Batch, J, Bayley, J, Bécsy, B, Berger, B, Bero, J, Berry, C, Bilenko, I, Bilgili, S, Billman, C, Bizouard, M, Blackburn, J, Blair, C, Blair, D, Blair, R, Boom, B, Booth, C, Brady, P, Brau, J, Brooks, A, Brown, D, Buchanan, C, Bulten, H, Byer, R, Calderón Bustillo, J, Callister, T, Camp, J, Cannon, K, Capano, C, Carney, M, Casanueva Diaz, J, Cavaglià, M, Cepeda, C, Cerdá-Durán, P, Chamberlin, S, Cheeseboro, B, Chen, H, Cheng, H, Chia, H, Chow, J, Chua, A, Chung, K, Ciobanu, A, Cirelli, C, Clark, J, Cohadon, P, Collette, C, Cominsky, L, Cooper, S, Corbitt, T, Cordero-Carrión, I, Corley, K, Costa, C, Coughlin, M, Coughlin, S, Coulon, J, Countryman, S, Covas, P, Cowan, E, Coward, D, Cowart, M, Coyne, D, Creighton, J, Creighton, T, Crowder, S, Cullen, T, Canton, T, Dálya, G, Danilishin, S, Da Silva Costa, C, Daw, E, Deléglise, S, Díaz, M, Dooley, K, Dovale Álvarez, M, Downes, T, Driggers, J, Dwyer, S, Easter, P, Edo, T, Edwards, M, Eggenstein, H, Eisenstein, R, Essick, R, Etienne, Z, Evans, T, Farr, W, Fauchon-Jones, E, Fejer, M, Ferreira, E, Fisher, R, Fishner, J, Font, J, Forsyth, P, Fournier, J, Frolov, V, Gabbard, H, Gadre, B, Gaebel, S, Gair, J, Ganija, M, Gaonkar, S, García-Quirós, C, Giaime, J, Giardina, K, González, G, Gonzalez Castro, J, Gorodetsky, M, Gossan, S, Green, A, Gretarsson, E, Guidi, G, Gulati, H, Gupta, M, Gushwa, K, Gustafson, E, Hall, B, Hall, E, Hamilton, E, Hamilton, H, Hanke, M, Hannam, M, Hannuksela, O, Harry, G, Harry, I, Hart, M, Haster, C, Heintze, M, Heptonstall, A, Hernandez, F, Ho, W, Holland, N, Holz, D, Houston, E, Howell, E, Huerta, E, Huttner, S, Isa, H, Isac, J, Iyer, B, Johnson, W, Jones, D, Jonker, R, Kalaghatgi, C, Kanner, J, Kapadia, S, Keerthana, N, Kéfélian, F, Kemball, A, Khalili, F, Khazanov, E, Kim, J, Kim, Y, King, E, King, P, Knowles, T, Koehlenbeck, S, Korth, W, Kozak, D, Krämer, C, Królak, A, Lackey, B, Lai, K, Lang, R, Lanza, R, Lasky, P, Lee, C, Lee, H, Li, T, Linker, S, Littenberg, T, Lo, R, Lockerbie, N, London, L, Lough, J, Lousto, C, Lück, H, Lundgren, A, Macleod, D, Magaña Hernandez, I, Magaña-Sandoval, F, Magaña Zertuche, L, Magee, R, Mansell, G, Márka, S, Márka, Z, Martin, I, Martin, R, Martynov, D, Massinger, T, Mccann, J, Mcclelland, D, Mcguire, S, Mcmanus, D, Mcwilliams, S, Meadors, G, Mercer, R, Merilh, E, Meyers, P, Mikhailov, E, Miller, B, Milovich-Goff, M, Mitrofanov, V, Mohapatra, S, Moore, C, Mow-Lowry, C, Muir, A, Muñiz, E, Murray, P, Nayak, R, Nelson, T, Newport, J, Ng, K, Nguyen, T, Nielsen, A, Nuttall, L, O'Brien, B, O'Dea, G, Ogin, G, Oh, J, Oh, S, Okada, M, Oram, R, Ortega, L, Ottaway, D, Owen, B, Pace, A, Page, M, Pai, S, Palamos, J, Pang, P, Pant, B, Papa, M, Pearlstone, B, Perez, C, Perri, L, Pfeiffer, H, Piccinni, O, Pinto, I, Porter, E, Pratt, J, Prodi, G, Prokhorov, L, Pürrer, M, Quintero, E, Raab, F, Ramirez, K, Reitze, D, Ricker, P, Riemenschneider, G, Robertson, N, Rollins, J, Roma, V, Romel, C, Romie, J, Rosińska, D, Ross, M, Rüdiger, A, Sampson, L, Sanchez, E, Sanchez, L, Sanders, J, Saulson, P, Savage, R, Schofield, R, Schönbeck, A, Schulte, B, Schutz, B, Schwalbe, S, Scott, S, Shaddock, D, Shaffer, T, Shah, A, Shaner, M, Shoemaker, D, Silva, A, Singer, L, Sintes, A, Slagmolen, B, Slaven-Blair, T, Smith, J, Smith, R, Son, E, Spencer, A, Srivastava, A, Stevenson, S, Stops, D, Strain, K, Strigin, S, Stuver, A, Summerscales, T, Sutton, P, Swinkels, B, Szczepańczyk, M, Tait, S, Tanner, D, Tápai, M, Tasson, J, Taylor, J, Tewari, S, Thomas, E, Thorne, K, Tokmakov, K, Torres-Forné, A, Torrie, C, Töyrä, D, Tringali, M, Tsang, K, Urban, A, Usman, S, van den Brand, J, Vander-Hyde, D, van Heijningen, J, van Veggel, A, Vasúth, M, Veitch, P, Viceré, A, Viets, A, Vine, D, Vinet, J, Vyatchanin, S, Wade, A, Wade, L, Wang, J, Wang, W, Wang, Y, Ward, R, Wei, L, Weinstein, A, Wessel, E, Weßels, P, Whelan, J, Whiting, B, Williams, R, Williamson, A, Willis, J, Wimmer, M, Wipf, C, Wofford, J, Wong, W, Wright, J, Wysocki, D, Yancey, C, Yap, M, Zadrożny, A, Zendri, J, Zhang, Y, Zhu, S, Zhu, X, Zimmerman, A, and Zucker, M
Subjects: Dewey Decimal Classification::500 | Naturwissenschaften::550 | Geowissenschaften, neutron star: binary, Astronomy, General Physics and Astronomy, Astrophysics, 01 natural sciences, General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology, GRAVITATIONAL-WAVES, GW170817, BINARIES, ddc:550, DENSE, LIGO, DENSE MATTER, Equation of State, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, QC, QB, High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE), astro-ph.HE, Physics, Neutron Star Radius, Gravitational effects, Equations of state, Parametrizations, Electromagnetic observations, Gravitational-wave signals, 3. Good health, QUADRUPOLE-MOMENTS, Macroscopic properties, Physical Sciences, [PHYS.GRQC]Physics [physics]/General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology [gr-qc], Gravitational wave source, Astrophysics::Earth and Planetary Astrophysics, Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Equations of state of nuclear matter, Gravitational wave, saturation: density, Binary neutron stars, NUCLEON MATTER, Gravitational wave sources, Gravitational waves, Nuclear matter in neutron stars, General relativity, gr-qc, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, GW170817, Neutron Star Radius, Equation of State, Physics, Multidisciplinary, neutron star: spin, FOS: Physical sciences, General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc), Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, Gravity waves, gravitational radiation: direct detection, Gravitation and Astrophysics, electromagnetic field: production, Physics and Astronomy (all), Pulsar, galaxy: binary, 0103 physical sciences, ddc:530, Neutron, MASSES, STFC, equation of state: parametrization, Astrophysics::Galaxy Astrophysics, Neutrons, Extreme conditions, Equation of state, Science & Technology, Neutron Star Interior Composition Explorer, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, gravitational radiation, RCUK, Flocculation, Saturation density, UNIVERSAL RELATIONS, Stars, gravitational radiation detector, Neutron star, VIRGO, Physics and Astronomy, gravitational radiation: emission, neutron star: binary: coalescence, Dewey Decimal Classification::500 | Naturwissenschaften::530 | Physik, [PHYS.ASTR]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph], MATTER
Abstract: On 17 August 2017, the LIGO and Virgo observatories made the first direct detection of gravitational waves from the coalescence of a neutron star binary system. The detection of this gravitational-wave signal, GW170817, offers a novel opportunity to directly probe the properties of matter at the extreme conditions found in the interior of these stars. The initial, minimal-assumption analysis of the LIGO and Virgo data placed constraints on the tidal effects of the coalescing bodies, which were then translated to constraints on neutron star radii. Here, we expand upon previous analyses by working under the hypothesis that both bodies were neutron stars that are described by the same equation of state and have spins within the range observed in Galactic binary neutron stars. Our analysis employs two methods: the use of equation-of-state-insensitive relations between various macroscopic properties of the neutron stars and the use of an efficient parametrization of the defining function $p(\rho)$ of the equation of state itself. From the LIGO and Virgo data alone and the first method, we measure the two neutron star radii as $R_1=10.8^{+2.0}_{-1.7}$ km for the heavier star and $R_2= 10.7^{+2.1}_{-1.5}$ km for the lighter star at the 90% credible level. If we additionally require that the equation of state supports neutron stars with masses larger than $1.97 \,M_\odot$ as required from electromagnetic observations and employ the equation-of-state parametrization, we further constrain $R_1= 11.9^{+1.4}_{-1.4}$ km and $R_2= 11.9^{+1.4}_{-1.4}$ km at the 90% credible level. Finally, we obtain constraints on $p(\rho)$ at supranuclear densities, with pressure at twice nuclear saturation density measured at $3.5^{+2.7}_{-1.7}\times 10^{34} \,\mathrm{dyn}/\mathrm{cm}^{2}$ at the 90% level., Comment: 10 pages, 3 figures; v2 matches published version; data associated with the figures can be found at https://dcc.ligo.org/LIGO-P1800115/public
Published: 2018
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19. Theoretical investigation of structural, mechanical, elastic and vibrational properties of advanced materials under extreme conditions

Author: Dragana Jordanov, Jelena Zagorac, Branko Matović, Jelena Lukovic, Dejan Zagorac, Maria Čebela, Milena Rosić, Vesna Maksimović, and Milos B. Djukic
Subjects: Work (thermodynamics), Materials science, ab initio, Ab initio, extreme conditions, Barium sulfide, Thermodynamics, chemistry.chemical_element, 02 engineering and technology, Nitride, 010402 general chemistry, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, 01 natural sciences, Quantum chemistry, 0104 chemical sciences, advanced materials, chemistry.chemical_compound, chemistry, Aluminium, properties, Density functional theory, Lead sulfide, 0210 nano-technology, Earth-Surface Processes
Abstract: One of the recent trends in materials science and technology is the research of the behavior of the materials under the extreme conditions both on the theoretical and experimental basis. There are limitations of the experimental methods, however, theoretical approach can be used as a supplement to the experimental results. As a consequence, in the last two decades a vast number of structure prediction calculations have been performed on chemical systems, focusing on the high-pressure and high temperature phases. In this work, we would like to present several computational studies and their connection to the actual synthesis routes: lead sulfide (PbS), barium sulfide (BaS), and aluminum nitride (AlN). The investigated compounds were calculated on ab initio level using the most advanced tools in quantum chemistry and computational material science including Hartree-Fock Theory, Density Functional Theory (DFT) and Hybrid (B3LYP) Approximation. Their structural, mechanical, elastic and vibrational properties have been investigated and in addition, we show structure candidates as the function of size, pressure and temperature and not previously observed in any of the investigated materials thus creating new possibilities for synthesis of advanced materials with improved physical, chemical, and/or mechanical properties. © 2018 The Authors. 22nd European Conference on Fracture (ECF) - Loading and Environmental Effects on Structural Integrity (Aug 26-31, 2018; Belgrade, Serbia)
Published: 2018

20. A Survey of WEC Reliability, Survival and Design Practices

Author: Jennifer Van Rij, Ryan G. Coe, and Yi Hsiang Yu
Subjects: Wave energy converter, Control and Optimization, Process (engineering), Computer science, 020209 energy, Reliability (computer networking), media_common.quotation_subject, design, extreme conditions, Energy Engineering and Power Technology, 02 engineering and technology, 01 natural sciences, survival, lcsh:Technology, 010305 fluids & plasmas, Range (aeronautics), 0103 physical sciences, 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Function (engineering), Engineering (miscellaneous), media_common, wave energy converter (WEC), Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment, lcsh:T, Work (electrical), Systems engineering, Submarine pipeline, Energy (miscellaneous)
Abstract: A wave energy converter must be designed to survive and function efficiently, often in highly energetic ocean environments. This represents a challenging engineering problem, comprising systematic failure mode analysis, environmental characterization, modeling, experimental testing, fatigue and extreme response analysis. While, when compared with other ocean systems such as ships and offshore platforms, there is relatively little experience in wave energy converter design, a great deal of recent work has been done within these various areas. This paper summarizes the general stages and workflow for wave energy converter design, relying on supporting articles to provide insight. By surveying published work on wave energy converter survival and design response analyses, this paper seeks to provide the reader with an understanding of the different components of this process and the range of methodologies that can be brought to bear. In this way, the reader is provided with a large set of tools to perform design response analyses on wave energy converters.
Published: 2017

21. The Peñalara Mountain Meteorological Network (1999–2014): Description, Preliminary Results and Lessons Learned

Author: Irene Rodríguez-Muñoz, Enrique Sánchez, and Luis Durán
Subjects: Atmospheric Science, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Meteorology, Computer science, 0208 environmental biotechnology, extreme conditions, 02 engineering and technology, Environmental Science (miscellaneous), snow, lcsh:QC851-999, 01 natural sciences, Task (project management), mountains, observations, network, validation, uncertainties, climate, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Observational database, geography, geography.geographical_feature_category, Observational methods in psychology, Data science, 020801 environmental engineering, Work (electrical), lcsh:Meteorology. Climatology, Strengths and weaknesses, Mountain range
Abstract: This work describes a mountain meteorological network that was in operation from 1999 to 2014 in a mountain range with elevations ranging from 1104 to 2428 m in Central Spain. Additionally, some technical details of the network are described, as well as variables measured and some meta information presented, which is expected to be useful for future users of the observational database. A strong emphasis is made on showing the observational methods and protocols evolution, as it will help researchers to understand the sources of errors, data gaps and the final stage of the network. This paper summarizes mostly the common sources of errors when designing and operating a small network of this kind, so it can be useful for individual researchers and small size groups that undertake a similar task on their own. Strengths and weaknesses of some of the variables measured are discussed and some basic calculations are made in order to show the otential of the database and to anticipate future deeper climatological analyses over the area. Finally, the configuration of an automatic mountain meteorology station is suggested as a result of the lessons learned and the the common state of the art automatic measuring techniques
Published: 2017
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22. Solutions for Critical Raw Materials under Extreme Conditions: A Review

Author: Sebastian Balos, Radu Robert Piticescu, Ernst Gamsjäger, Pavel Novák, Tiziano Bellezze, Maria Luisa Grilli, Maria Letizia Ruello, Antonio Rinaldi, Grilli, M. L., and Rinaldi, A.
Subjects: Materials science, tungsten, extreme conditions, Composite, Review, 02 engineering and technology, Raw material, magnesium, 7. Clean energy, 01 natural sciences, composites, lcsh:Technology, Magnesium, Extreme conditions, Composites, Cobalt, Chromium, Niobium, Substitution, Tungsten, Alloys, Critical raw materials, Corrosion, alloys, 0103 physical sciences, substitution, General Materials Science, Process engineering, lcsh:Microscopy, lcsh:QC120-168.85, 010302 applied physics, lcsh:QH201-278.5, business.industry, lcsh:T, Metallurgy, critical raw materials, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, cobalt, Extreme condition, lcsh:TA1-2040, Alloy, lcsh:Descriptive and experimental mechanics, chromium, lcsh:Electrical engineering. Electronics. Nuclear engineering, 0210 nano-technology, business, niobium, lcsh:Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General), lcsh:TK1-9971
Abstract: In Europe, many technologies with high socio-economic benefits face materials requirements that are often affected by demand-supply disruption. This paper offers an overview of critical raw materials in high value alloys and metal-matrix composites used in critical applications, such as energy, transportation and machinery manufacturing associated with extreme working conditions in terms of temperature, loading, friction, wear and corrosion. The goal is to provide perspectives about the reduction and/or substitution of selected critical raw materials: Co, W, Cr, Nb and Mg. © 2017 by the authors.
Published: 2017

23. The October 29, 2018 storm in Northern Italy – An exceptional event and its modeling

Author: Marco Bajo, Mauro Bastianini, Georg Umgiesser, Christian Ferrarin, Luciana Bertotti, Alvise Papa, Luigi Cavaleri, Paolo Pezzutto, Jacopo Chiggiato, Angela Pomaro, Linus Magnusson, Silvio Davolio, Francesco Barbariol, and Alvise Benetazzo
Subjects: Extreme conditions, 0106 biological sciences, Return period, Wind waves, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, Storm surge, Wind stress, Geology, Storm, Coastal processes, Cyclogenesis, Aquatic Science, 01 natural sciences, Oceanography, Cold front, Wind wave, Submarine pipeline, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract: On October 29, 2018 a very severe storm affected Northern Italy, including the Adriatic Sea. The ensuing surge and wave conditions at and in front of Venice stand at the extreme tail of the respective historical return period distributions. The large set of available measured data, at the coast and at the offshore oceanographic tower, coupled with detailed numerical simulations, allows a keen analysis of the storm, its predictability and in particular of the ensuing enhanced coastal processes. These include the coastal set-up, the input information for tidal prediction in Venice, the documented passage of an atmospheric cold front and, using the local tidal data, the derived possibility of estimating the surface wind stress, the evidence of reflected waves from the coast and the associated seismometers signal 40 km inland. The highest crest and wave heights measured at the tower are beyond what is suggested by non-linear statistics. The relative out-of-scale magnitude of the three major storms since 1966 suggests the possibility that they belong to a self-standing family of events.
Published: 2019
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24. New advanced technology devices for operational oceanography in extreme conditions

Author: Gabriella Caruso, Gabriele Bruzzone, G. Zappalà, and Maurizio Azzaro
Subjects: 010302 applied physics, Engineering, Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment, business.industry, Geography, Planning and Development, Operational oceanography, extreme conditions, 02 engineering and technology, autonomous vehicle Shark, Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, advanced systems, 01 natural sciences, automatic multisampler, 0103 physical sciences, Systems engineering, 0210 nano-technology, business, Marine engineering
Abstract: Monitoring the quality of marine ecosystems is a challenge to achieve and preserve their good environmental status. Real time or near real time acquisition and collection of physical, chemical and biological data series describing the health conditions of marine environments is needed not only when pollution episodes occur, to set up proper remediation measures, but also to follow natural variability of water quality occurring at different time scales. The development of advanced systems for environmental monitoring (coastal and offshore buoys and platforms, unmanned or remotely controlled submersible and unsubmersible vehicles, etc.) gave a great contribution to operational oceanography, helping to bypass the limitations and costs of traditional oceanographic surveys. The systems here described constitute an improvement and application of the know-how acquired in the last two decades in the field of advanced systems for environmental investigations. Potential advantages of the new developed system in comparison with previous prototypes are described. A wide range of applications is possible, covering the cases when conventional "manual" sampling is not possible, or dangerous, for example in proximity to glaciers, or when oil spill, toxic algal blooms, waste water must be sampled. As a first test, the developed system has been used in Arctic waters (Svalbard Islands) to evaluate spatial variations in the microbial assemblage. Results obtained indicate that the developed automatic vehicle and water multi-sampler are a good complement of traditional oceanographic cruises, and constitute a practical low-cost system to obtain data with good spatio-temporal resolution both for the initial characterization and for the study of possible natural or anthropogenic disturbance in water quality.
Published: 2017
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25. Electron-electron scattering and thermal conductivity of epsilon-iron at Earths core conditions

Author: Antoine Georges, Sergey Simak, Leonid Pourovskii, Igor A. Abrikosov, and Jernej Mravlje
Subjects: Physics, thermal conductivity, electronic correlations, electronic structure calculations, iron, extreme conditions, General Physics and Astronomy, 02 engineering and technology, Electron, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Condensed Matter Physics, 01 natural sciences, 7. Clean energy, Core (optical fiber), Thermal conductivity, Chemical physics, 0103 physical sciences, Earth (chemistry), Astrophysics::Earth and Planetary Astrophysics, 010306 general physics, 0210 nano-technology, Electron scattering, Den kondenserade materiens fysik
Abstract: The electronic state and transport properties of hot dense iron are of the utmost importance for the understanding of Earths interior. Combining state-of-the-art density functional and dynamical mean field theories we study the impact of electron correlations on the electrical and thermal resistivity of hexagonal close-packed epsilon-Fe at Earths core conditions and show that the electron-electron scattering in epsilon-Fe exhibit a nearly perfect Fermi-liquid (FL) behavior. Accordingly, the quadratic dependence of the scattering rate, typical of FLs, leads to a modification of the Wiedemann-Franz law and suppresses the thermal conductivity with respect to the electrical one. The consequence is a significant increase of the electron-electron thermal resistivity, which is found to be of comparable magnitude to the electron-phonon one. Funding Agencies|European Research Council [ERC-319286 QMAC]; Slovenian Research Agency (ARRS) [P1-0044]; Swedish Research Council (VR) [2014-4750, 2015-04391]; Swedish Government Strategic Research Area in Materials Science on Functional Materials at Linkoping University [2009 00971]; Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation [14.Y26.31.0005]
Published: 2017

26. Spin crossover in ferropericlase from first-principles molecular dynamics

Author: Lars Stixrude and Eero Holmström
Subjects: Materials science, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Spin states, ta221, extreme conditions, General Physics and Astronomy, FOS: Physical sciences, Conductivity, engineering.material, 01 natural sciences, Ion, Physics::Geophysics, spin crossover, Spin crossover, Electrical resistivity and conductivity, 0103 physical sciences, 010306 general physics, ta218, density functional theory, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Phase diagram, Condensed Matter - Materials Science, ta214, ta114, Condensed matter physics, Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci), Enthalpy of mixing, engineering, Condensed Matter::Strongly Correlated Electrons, Ferropericlase
Abstract: Ferropericlase, (Mg,Fe)O, is the second-most abundant mineral of the Earth's lower mantle. With increasing pressure, the Fe ions in the material begin to collapse from a magnetic to non-magnetic spin state. We present a finite-temperature first-principles phase diagram of this spin crossover, finding a broad pressure range with coexisting magnetic and non-magnetic ions due to favorable enthalpy of mixing of the two. Furthermore, we find the electrical conductivity of the mineral to reach semi-metallic values inside the Earth.
Published: 2015
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27. Biological control of Botrytis bunch rot in Atlantic climate vineyards with Candida sake CPA-1 and its survival under limiting conditions of temperature and humidity

Author: J. Roudet, M. Fermaud, C. Calvo-Garrido, Immaculada Viñas, Josep Usall, Neus Teixidó, Food Technology Department, Universitat de Lleida, Santé et agroécologie du vignoble (UMR SAVE), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Institut des Sciences de la Vigne et du Vin (ISVV)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Sciences Agronomiques de Bordeaux-Aquitaine (Bordeaux Sciences Agro), and Institute of Agrifood Research and Technology (IRTA)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, food.ingredient, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Biological pest control, extreme conditions, Growing season, Biology, 01 natural sciences, fatty acids, food, Botany, Relative humidity, Botrytis cinerea, Botrytis, 2. Zero hunger, Abiotic component, Inoculation, abiotic factors, Humidity, biology.organism_classification, grapevine, 010602 entomology, Horticulture, 13. Climate action, Insect Science, Vitis vinifera, fungal disease, Agronomy and Crop Science, 010606 plant biology & botany
Abstract: International audience; Candida sake CPA-1 is an antagonistic yeast that has previously been shown to effectively control Botrytis bunch rot in grapes. The efficacy of biological control agents is dependent on their survival, which may also depend on climatic conditions. However, few studies have evaluated the effect of abiotic factors affecting the survival of biological control agents, such as temperature (T) or relative humidity (RH). In this study, efficacy of C. sake (5 × 107 CFU mL−1), which was applied with the additive Fungicover (FC; 50 g L−1), was tested against BBR in the laboratory and in field trials under the Atlantic climate conditions of the Bordeaux region (France). The study also evaluated the survival of C. sake under T and RH regimes simulated in climatic chambers. Two or five applications of C. sake plus FC during the growing season significantly reduced BBR severity at harvest by 48% and 82%, respectively, when compared to the control. Similar reductions were achieved after inoculation with selected virulent Botrytis cinerea strains (75% compared to control) in laboratory experiments. C. sake populations showed minimal decreases between field applications and were favored by simulated Atlantic climate conditions. The survival pattern of C. sake exposed to 40 and 45 °C combined with 30% and 100% of RH was described, demonstrating a sharp decrease during the first 24 h. Allowing 48 h for C. sake to incubate and become established on fruits prior to the exposure to 40 °C and 30% RH increased survival (P < 0.05). These results confirm the efficacy of treatment with C. sake plus FC under favorable climatic conditions for BBR development, while survival studies may help to improve the survival and efficacy of yeast BCAs, such as C. sake CPA-1.
Published: 2014
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28. Probing phase transitions under extreme conditions by ultrafast techniques: Advances at the Fermi@Elettra free-electron-laser facility

Author: Emiliano Principi, Cristian Svetina, Claudio Masciovecchio, Fulvio Parmigiani, Goran Zgrablić, Francesco D'Amico, Roberto Gunnella, Adriano Filipponi, Filippo Bencivenga, Andrea Di Cicco, CNISM, Department of Physics, University of Camerino, CNISM, Synchrotron ELETTRA, Institut de minéralogie et de physique des milieux condensés (IMPMC), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-IPG PARIS-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Dipartimento di Scienze Fisiche e Chimiche [L'Aquila], Università degli Studi dell'Aquila (UNIVAQ), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris (IPG Paris)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Università degli Studi dell'Aquila = University of L'Aquila (UNIVAQ), Di Cicco, A., D'Amico, F., Zgrablic, G., and Parmigiani, Fulvio
Subjects: Phase transition, Materials science, Photon, extreme conditions, Physics::Optics, 02 engineering and technology, 01 natural sciences, Ultra-fast phenomena, Metastability, 0103 physical sciences, Materials Chemistry, 010306 general physics, Laser high-temperature, Liquids femto-second experiments, Warm dense matter, Free-electron laser, Free electron, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Condensed Matter Physics, Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials, Supercontinuum, [PHYS.COND.CM-GEN]Physics [physics]/Condensed Matter [cond-mat]/Other [cond-mat.other], Ceramics and Composites, Atomic physics, 0210 nano-technology, Ultrashort pulse, Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope
Abstract: International audience; Novel possibilities for studying matter under extreme conditions are opened by the forthcoming availability of free electron laser (FEL) facilities generating subpicosecond photon pulses of high intensity in the VUV and X-ray range, which are able to heat thin samples up to the warm dense matter (WDM) regime. Pump-andprobe ultrafast techniques can be used to study the dynamics of phase transitions and characterize the states under extreme and metastable conditions. Ultrafast (10-100 fs) bulk heating is seen as a novel route for accessing extremely high temperature regimes as well as the transition region between low-density and high density fluids, that is presently considered a no man's land in simple liquids and glasses. Here we briefly describe the present status of the TIMEX end-station devoted to those experimental activities at the Fermi@Elettra FEL facility, and some preliminary results obtained in a pilot ultrafast experiment using a laser source as a pump and a supercontinuum probe aimed to characterize the melting process of Silicon.
Published: 2011
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29. Performance of a fuel cell optimized for in situ X-ray absorption experiments

Author: Agnieszka Witkowska, Roberto Marassi, Andrea Di Cicco, Emiliano Principi, CNISM, CNR-INFM CRS SOFT , Dipartimento di Fisica, Universita di Camerino, Dipartimento di Fisica, Institut de minéralogie et de physique des milieux condensés (IMPMC), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-IPG PARIS-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Department of Solid State Physics, Gdansk University of Technology, Department of Solid State Physics, Dipartimento di Chimica, Universita` di Camerino, Universita` di Camerino, and Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris (IPG Paris)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Diffraction, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Materials science, Absorption spectroscopy, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Synchrotron radiation, 02 engineering and technology, 010402 general chemistry, 01 natural sciences, 7. Clean energy, fuel cell, Electric Power Supplies, Optics, BODY DISTRIBUTION-FUNCTIONS, Electrochemistry, in situ XAS, Absorption (electromagnetic radiation), Instrumentation, CONDENSED MATTER, X-ray absorption spectroscopy, SPECTROSCOPY, Radiation, business.industry, X-ray, Spectrometry, X-Ray Emission, RU ANODE ELECTROCATALYST, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, 0104 chemical sciences, Angular aperture, [PHYS.COND.CM-GEN]Physics [physics]/Condensed Matter [cond-mat]/Other [cond-mat.other], Electrode, EXTREME CONDITIONS, 0210 nano-technology, business, Synchrotrons
Abstract: International audience; A commercial fuel cell has been successfully modified to carry out X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) measurements under optimized in operando conditions. The design is conceived for the performance of XAS experiments in transmission mode over a wide range of X-ray energies above 6 keV, owing to the reduced absorption of the cell. The wide angular aperture allows the collection of XAS in fluorescence mode and of X-ray diffraction patterns when needed. Details of the design of the cell and its performances are given. The quality of the extended X-ray absorption fine-structure spectra under working conditions has been verified at the ESRF and ELETTRA synchrotron radiation facilities, showing that relatively fast and low-noise transmission measurements on electrodes over a wide range of catalyst concentrations and energies are feasible.
Published: 2007
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30. Hypersonic velocity measurement using Brillouin scattering technique. Application to water under high pressure and temperature

Author: Frédéric Datchi, Frédéric Decremps, Alain Polian, Institut de minéralogie et de physique des milieux condensés (IMPMC), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-IPG PARIS-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris (IPG Paris)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Physical acoustics, Extreme conditions, Equation of state, Hypersonic speed, Materials science, Acoustics and Ultrasonics, Acoustics, 02 engineering and technology, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, 01 natural sciences, Nonlinear acoustics, Brillouin scattering, Speed of sound, [PHYS.COND.CM-GEN]Physics [physics]/Condensed Matter [cond-mat]/Other [cond-mat.other], 0103 physical sciences, Underwater, 010306 general physics, 0210 nano-technology, Sound speed gradient
Abstract: This paper presents recent improvement on sound velocity measurements under extreme conditions, illustrated by the hypersonic sound velocity measurements of water up to 723 K and 9 GPa using Brillouin scattering technique. Because water at high pressure and high temperature is chemically very aggressive, these experiments have been carried out using a specific experimental set-up. The present data should be useful to better constrain the water equation of state at high density. This new development brings high-quality elastic data in a large pressure/temperature domain, which may afterwards benefit the understanding of many other fields as nonlinear acoustics, underwater sound, or physical acoustics from a more general point of view.
Published: 2006
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30 results on '"Extreme conditions"'

1. Luminescent Nanothermometer Operating at Very High Temperature—Sensing up to 1000 K with Upconverting Nanoparticles (Yb3+/Tm3+)

2. Transferring bulk chemistry to interfacial synthesis of TFC-membranes to create chemically robust poly(epoxyether) films

3. Influence of the Environment on the Reliability of Security Magnetic Contacts

4. The critical raw materials issue between scarcity, supply risk, and unique properties

5. Experimental investigation of elemental and isotopic evaporation processes by laser heating in an aerodynamic levitation furnace

6. A Practical Review of the Laser-Heated Diamond Anvil Cell for University Laboratories and Synchrotron Applications

7. Interspecific Hybrids Show a Reduced Adaptive Potential Under DNA Damaging Conditions

8. On the interplay between hypothermia and reproduction in a high arctic ungulate

9. A portable on-axis laser-heating system for near-90° X-ray spectroscopy: application to ferropericlase and iron silicide

10. Fungal Communities Resist Recovery in Sand Mine Restoration

11. Proteome Profiling of the Exhaled Breath Condensate after Long-Term Spaceflights

12. Tardigrades in Space Research - Past and Future

13. Functional Traits of Plant Species Suitable for Revegetation of Landfill Waste from Nickel Smelter

14. A review of the melting curves of transition metals at high pressures using static compression techniques

15. Diffusion in dense supercritical methane from quasi-elastic neutron scattering measurements

16. Diversity, ecology and distribution of benthic diatoms in thermo-mineral springs in Auvergne (France) and Sardinia (Italy)

17. Advanced high pressure turbine blade repair technologies

18. GW170817: Measurements of Neutron Star Radii and Equation of State

19. Theoretical investigation of structural, mechanical, elastic and vibrational properties of advanced materials under extreme conditions

20. A Survey of WEC Reliability, Survival and Design Practices

21. The Peñalara Mountain Meteorological Network (1999–2014): Description, Preliminary Results and Lessons Learned

22. Solutions for Critical Raw Materials under Extreme Conditions: A Review

23. The October 29, 2018 storm in Northern Italy – An exceptional event and its modeling

24. New advanced technology devices for operational oceanography in extreme conditions

25. Electron-electron scattering and thermal conductivity of epsilon-iron at Earths core conditions

26. Spin crossover in ferropericlase from first-principles molecular dynamics

27. Biological control of Botrytis bunch rot in Atlantic climate vineyards with Candida sake CPA-1 and its survival under limiting conditions of temperature and humidity

28. Probing phase transitions under extreme conditions by ultrafast techniques: Advances at the Fermi@Elettra free-electron-laser facility

29. Performance of a fuel cell optimized for in situ X-ray absorption experiments

30. Hypersonic velocity measurement using Brillouin scattering technique. Application to water under high pressure and temperature

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