Search

Residual electrolyte is the main pollution source in the lithium ion battery disassembly process. A practical detoxified approach is studied using the lithium hexafluorophosphate in the decommissioned power battery with dimethyl carbonate as a solvent. The pH measurement, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, micromorphology and phase structure characterization techniques showed that the process in this study is capable of removing lithium hexafluorophosphate from decommissioned power batteries, while controlling the proper ratio of NaOH can also completely precipitate F− into CaF2 crystal and allows recycling of the organic solvents. This process scheme of residual electrolyte treatment effectively reduces environmental pollution during the decommissioned power batteries recycling process, and has the benefit of resource reuse for valuable elements.

Reaction of aniline with KMnO4 could produce polyaniline-supported Mn nanocomposites (Mn@PANI). In comparison with conventional method for the synthesis of PANI-supported metal nanoparticles, this reaction did not require additional oxidant. As a Mn-containing material, Mn@PANI was initially expected to be a good catalyst for oxidation reaction and its catalytic activity was tested by using the oxidative deoximation reaction. Surprisingly, instead of the expected catalytic activity, the material restrained the reaction on the contrary. It was found to be an easily removable heterogeneous free radical scavenger that could inhibit the unwanted decomposition reactions caused by free radicals so that the lifetime of the chemical products could be extended.

Alternating current electrical dynamometer is a common device to measure the torque of engines, such as the gasoline engine. In order to solve the problems such as high cost, high energy consumption and complicated measurement system which exists in the direct measurement on the torque of alternating current electrical dynamometer, copper loss and iron loss are taken as two key factors and a soft-sensing model on the torque of alternating current electrical dynamometer is established using the fuzzy least square support vector machine (FLS-SVM). Then, the FLS-SVM parameters such as penalty factor and kernel parameter are optimized by adaptive genetic algorithm, torque soft-sensing is investigated in the alternating current electrical dynamometer, as well as the energy feedback efficiency and energy consumption during the measurement phase of a gasoline engine loading continual test is obtained. The results show that the minimum soft-sensing error of torque is about 0.0018, and it fluctuates within a range from −0.3 to 0.3 N-m. FLS-SVM soft-sensing method can increase by 1.6% power generation feedback compared with direct measurement, and it can save 500 kJ fuel consumption in the gasoline engine loading continual test. Therefore, the estimation accuracy of the soft measurement model on the torque of alternating current electrical dynamometer including copper loss and iron loss is high and this indirect measurement method can be feasible to reduce production cost of the alternating current electrical dynamometer and energy consumption during the torque measurement phase of a gasoline engine, replacing the direct method of torque measurement.

By using holomorphic Riemannian geometry in $\mathbb~C^3$, the coupled Landau-Lifshitz (CLL) equation is proved to be exactly the equation of Schrodinger flows from $\mathbb~R^1$ to the complex 2-sphere $\mathbb~C~\mathbb~S^2(1)\hookrightarrow\mathbb~C^3$. Furthermore, regarded as a model of moving complexcurves in $\mathbb~C^3$, the CLL equation is shown to preserve the $\mathcal{P}\mathcal{T}$ symmetry if the initial data is of the $\mathcal{P}$ symmetry. As a consequence, the nonlocal nonlinear Schrodinger (NNLS) equation proposed recently by Ablowitz and Musslimani is proved to be gauge equivalent to the CLL equation with initial data being restricted by the $\mathcal{P}$ symmetry. This gives an accurate characterization of the gauge-equivalent magnetic structure of the NNLS equation described roughly by Gadzhimuradov and Agalarov (2016).

In this paper, we first propose an Ignorant Spreader Vacciner(Immune) Fence-sitter (ISVF) diffusion model, which focuses on the symbiosis and confrontation of rumor and antirumor in social networks. Based on it, a stochastic game model is proposed to overcome the incomplete knowledge and the uncertainty in user’s choice of behavior. We design a utility function that matches the characteristics of user diversity to interpret the confrontation between rumors and anti-rumors. In order to learn neighbor strategies effectively, a Deep QNetwork (DQN) based approach is proposed. Simulation results based on the real datasets reveal that this model significantly accelerates positive information propagation.

This paper presents an ultrasound transceiver application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC) designed for 3-D ultrasonic imaging of the carotid artery. This application calls for an array of thousands of ultrasonic transducer elements, far exceeding the number of channels of conventional imaging systems. The $3.6 \times 6.8$ mm2 ASIC interfaces a piezo-electric transducer (PZT) array of $24 \times 40$ elements, directly integrated on top of the ASIC, to an imaging system using only 24 transmit and receive channels. Multiple ASICs can be tiled together to form an even bigger array. The ASIC, implemented in a 0.18 $\mu \text{m}$ high-voltage (HV) BCD process, consists of a reconfigurable switch matrix and row-level receive circuits. Each element is associated with a compact bootstrapped HV transmit switch, an isolation switch for the receive circuits and programmable logic that enables a variety of imaging modes. Electrical and acoustic experiments successfully demonstrate the functionality of the ASIC. In addition, the ASIC has been successfully used in a 3-D imaging experiment.

A fiber-type terahertz time-domain spectrometer was designed by combining fiber femtosecond laser with fiber-coupled photoconductive antenna. The effects of laser polarization on the terahertz time-domain waveform, intensity and spectral characteristics are studied experimentally. By precise control and optimization of the polarization state of the femtosecond laser, the time-domain pulse splitting phenomenon is eliminated, and a single peak time-domain pulse with high signal-to-noise ratio is obtained.

A facile approach of ligand-directed assembly of trapezoidal {Ti } building blocks was successfully established, which gave rise to interesting hybrid clusters including the first molecular assembly of porphyrin photosensitizer and titanium-oxo cluster., Through ligand-directed assembly of trapezoidal {Ti } building blocks stabilized by dimethylglyoxime, eight titanium-oxo molecular clusters with a sandwich or square planar type structures were successfully constructed, including the first success on the combination of porphyrin and titanium-oxo clusters.

A new benzofuran compound, named 2-[5-hydroxy-4-methoxy-2-(3-p-henyl-trans-allyloxy)benzyl]-5-hydroxy-6-methoxy-3-phenylbenzofuran (1), together with (+)-obtusafuran (2) and isoparvifuran (3), was isolated from the heartwood of Dalbergia latifolia. Their structures were elucidated by a combination of spectroscopic methods and comparison with the literature. Compounds 2 and 3 were obtained from this plant for the first time. Compound 1 exhibited moderated antioxidant effect for scavenging 1,1-diphenyl-2-picryhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical (IC50 = 96.7 ± 8.9 μM).

Real-time 3D ultrasonic imaging requires a matrix of transducer elements with a number of elements that readily exceeds the number of channels of a conventional imaging system. This paper presents an ASIC, realized in a high-voltage 0.18 μm BCDMOS process, that interfaces a piezo-electric transducer array of 24 × 40 elements, directly integrated on top of the ASIC, to an imaging system using only 24 transmit and receive channels by means of a reconfigurable switch matrix and row-level low-noise amplifiers. Each element is associated with a compact bootstrapped high-voltage transmit/receive switch and programmable logic that enables a variety of imaging modes to be realized. The ASIC has been successfully used in a 3D imaging experiment.

A new alkaloid, named 2-methoxy-4-(2-(2-pyridine)-ethyl) phenol (1), together with two known compounds, was isolated from Zingiberis rhizoma. Their structures were elucidated on the basis of 1D and 2D NMR spectra and MS spectra. Compound 1 exhibited substantial bioactivity against Canidia albicans ATCC 10231 with a minimum inhibitory concentration of 1.0 mg/mL.

A new diaryl 1,2-diketone, named 1-(2,5-dihydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)-2-phenylethane-1,2-dione (1), along with eight known compounds (2–9), were isolated from the heartwood of Dalbergia latifolia. They were identified on the basis of spectral data. Compounds 1–7 were obtained from the Dalbergia genus for the first time. Compounds 8 and 9 were firstly isolated from the plant. Compound 1 exhibited inactive against Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 6538 and Escherichia coli ATCC 21530 with the minimum inhibitory concentrations of 10.0 and 10.0 mg/mL, respectively.

Intravascular photoacoustic (IVPA) imaging can visualize the coronary atherosclerotic plaque composition on the basis of the optical absorption contrast. Most of the photoacoustic (PA) energy of human coronary plaque lipids was found to lie in the frequency band between 2 and 15 MHz requiring a very broadband transducer, especially if a combination with intravascular ultrasound is desired. We have developed a broadband polyvinylidene difluoride (PVDF) transducer (0.6 × 0.6 mm, 52 μm thick) with integrated electronics to match the low capacitance of such a small polyvinylidene difluoride element (2) with the high capacitive load of the long cable (~100 pF/m). The new readout circuit provides an output voltage with a sensitivity of about 3.8 μV/Pa at 2.25 MHz. Its response is flat within 10 dB in the range 2 to 15 MHz. The root mean square (rms) output noise level is 259 μV over the entire bandwidth (1-20 MHz), resulting in a minimum detectable pressure of 30 Pa at 2.25 MHz.

Portlandite plays an important role in the hydration phase of cement-based materials and influences the strength and durability of such materials. This study describes a molecular dynamics study of the structure and dynamics of water and ions confined at ambient temperature in calcium hydroxyl nanopores with widths of 35 Å. Strong layering of water in the vicinity of the (001) surface of portlandite demonstrates special structural features such as large density, good orientation preference, ordered interfacial organization and low diffusion rate. Due to the fixed vibration and rotation of the hydroxyl groups at the interface, water molecules within the first adsorbed layer adopt both H-downward and H-upward orientations by donating H-bonds and accepting H-bonds from the OH groups in the solid surface. Regarding the interaction of the ions and portlandite, Na(+) ions, deeply rooted in spaces in the surface hydroxyl groups, are significantly slowed and remain near the surface for long periods of time. On the other hand, due to the weak H-bonds formed by chloride ions and hydroxyl groups, adsorbed chloride ions near the surface cannot remain for longer times. In addition, when water and ions are confined in the nano-pores, the residence time for the ion-water and ion-ion clusters is lengthened so that the ion adsorption capability of the porlandite surface is enhanced due to the stable Na-Cl connections in the electrolyte solution.