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Given that randomized studies testing the long-term impact of antithymocyte globulin (ATG) dosing are scarce, we report the results of an extended follow-up from the original trial. In our prospective, multicenter, randomized trial, 408 leukemia patients 14–65 years of age who underwent haploidentical hematopoietic cell transplantation (haplo-HCT) under our original “Beijing protocol” were randomly assigned one-to-one to ATG doses of 7.5 mg/kg (n = 203, ATG-7.5) or 10 mg/kg (n = 205, ATG-10.0) at four sites. Extended follow-up (median 1968 d (range: 1300–2710 d) indicated comparable 5-year probabilities of moderate-to-severe chronic graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) (hazard ratio (HR): 1.384, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.876–2.189, P = 0.164), nonrelapse mortality (HR: 0.814, 95% CI: 0.526–1.261, P = 0.357), relapse (HR: 1.521, 95% CI: 0.919–2.518, P = 0.103), disease-free survival (HR: 1.074, 95% CI: 0.783–1.473, P = 0.658), and GVHD-free/relapse-free survival (HR: 1.186, 95% CI: 0.904–1.555, P = 0.219) between groups (ATG-7.5 vs. ATG-10.0). The 5-year rate of late effects did not differ significantly. However, the cytomegalovirus/Epstein-Barr virus-related death rate was much higher in the ATG-10.0 cohort than in the ATG-7.5 cohort (9.8% vs. 1.5%; P = 0.003). In summary, patients undergoing haplo-HCT benefit from 7.5 mg/kg ATG compared to 10.0 mg/kg ATG based on a balance between GVHD and infection control. ATG (7.5 mg/kg) is potentially regarded as the standard regimen in the platform. These results support the optimization of ATG use in the “Beijing Protocol”, especially considering the potential economic advantage in developing countries.

A new charge transfer cocrystal of 1,2,4,5-tetracyanobenzene (TCNB)-phenazine (PTC) was prepared by solvent evaporation method. The donor and acceptor molecules of cocrystal are stacked face to face with a mixed-stacking, implying a strong charge transfer (CT) interactions in the cocrystal system. The spectroscopic studies, single-crystal X-ray diffraction structure, density functional theory (DFT) and Hirschfield surfaces calculations are carried out to explore the relationship between structure and properties of cocrystal system, which show that the intermolecular interactions in PTC are stronger than those of single components, leading to the stability and photophysical behaviors of cocrystal different from their constitute units. This study will be helpful for the design and preparation of multifunctional cocrystal materials.

The traditional blind source separation (BSS) algorithm is mainly used to deal with signal separation under the noiseless model, but it does not apply to data with the low signal to noise ratio (SNR). To solve the problem, an adaptive variable step size natural gradient BSS algorithm based on an improved wavelet threshold is proposed in this paper. Firstly, an improved wavelet threshold method is used to reduce the noise of the signal. Secondly, the wavelet coefficient layer with obvious periodicity is denoised using a morphological component analysis (MCA) algorithm, and the processed wavelet coefficients are recombined to obtain the ideal model. Thirdly, the recombined signal is pre-whitened, and a new separation matrix update formula of natural gradient algorithm is constructed by defining a new separation degree estimation function. Finally, the adaptive variable step size natural gradient blind source algorithm is used to separate the noise reduction signal. The results show that the algorithm can not only adaptively adjust the step size according to different signals, but also improve the convergence speed, stability and separation accuracy.

Channeling carbon dioxide The separation of gas molecules with physisorbents can be challenging because there is often a tradeoff between capacity and selectivity. Zhou et al. report a template-free hydrothermal synthesis of the one-dimensional channel zeolite mordenite, in which some silicon was replaced by iron. Rather than forming a powder that requires further shaping, this mechanically stable material self-assembled into monoliths. Iron atoms bound in tetrahedral zeolite sites narrowed the channels and enabled the size-exclusion separation of carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) over nitrogen (N 2 ) and methane. High CO 2 uptake and highly efficient CO 2 –N 2 separation was demonstrated for both dry and humid conditions. Science , aax5776, this issue p. 315

All-inorganic halide perovskite nanowires (NWs) are promising materials due to they have broad application prospects in the field of optoelectronics, with mixed-halide perovskite nanowires can change the optoelectronic properties by adjusting the halide ratio. Here, we experimentally investigated the two-process governed anion-exchange reaction in single-crystalline CsPbX3 micro- and nanowires. The critical parameters affecting the outcome of the reaction are identified as the reaction temperature, reaction time, and precursor concentrations. Upon examining the photoluminescence and morphology of the NWs, high-quality NWs were obtained by optimizing these critical parameters. The bandgap of the NWs can be tuned over the entire visible spectra (430–700 nm). In addition, photodetectors incorporating single NWs were fabricated, which demonstrated excellent responsivity under illumination. Our results expand the validity of liquid-phase anion exchange to the microscale, and lay the basis for liquid-processed optoelectronics and displays.

CsPbI3 perovskite quantum dots (QDs) have great potential in optoelectronic devices due to their suitable band-gaps, but low photoluminescence quantum yields (PLQYs) and poor phase stability seriously impede their practical application. This paper reports the synthesis of Ce3+-doped CsPbI3 QDs by a hot injection method. In the presence of the dopant (Ce3+), the highest PLQY of CsPbI3 QDs reached 99%, i.e., near-unity PLQY, and the photoluminescence (PL) emission of CsPbI3 QDs could be well maintained compared to that of the undoped ones. The photoluminescence kinetics of Ce3+-doped CsPbI3 QDs was investigated by the ultrafast transient absorption technologies, which exhibited that the Ce3+ not only increased the density of excitonic states close to the high energy excitonic states (HES), but also provided more emissive channels. Moreover, the radiative recombination rates calculated by the combination of PL lifetime and PLQY further illustrated the Pb2+ vacancies were filled with Ce3+ ions so that the PL quenching of the CsPbI3 QDs could be effectively prevented. The theoretic analysis uncovered the mechanism of the high PLQY and stable PL emission of the Ce3+-doped CsPbI3 QDs.

Salinity–alkalinity stress is a limiting factor in tomato production in the world. Plants perceive salinity–alkalinity stress by activating signaling pathways to increase plant tolerance (Xu et al., 2020). Here, we investigated whether spermine (Spm) induces respiratory burst oxidase homolog 1 (RBOH1) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) signaling in response to salinity–alkalinity stress in tomato. The results showed that exogenous Spm induced the expression of RBOH1 and the accumulation of H2O2 under normal condition. Accordingly, we tested the function of H2O2 signal in tomato seedlings and found that exogenous H2O2 increased the expression levels of Cu/Zn-superoxide dismutase (Cu/Zn-SOD), catalase 1 (CAT1), cytosolic ascorbate peroxidase (cAPX), and glutathione reductase 1 (GR1) and the activities of SOD (EC 1.15.1.1), CAT (EC 1.11.1.6), ascorbate peroxidase (APX; EC 1.11.1.11), and GR (EC 1.6.4.2) in tomato seedlings under salinity–alkalinity stress. DMTU increased the malondialdehyde (MDA) content and relative electrical conductivity, and the relative water content (RWC), and accelerated leaf yellowing in tomato seedlings under salinity–alkalinity stress, even though we sprayed Spm on tomato leaves. We also found that RBOH1 silencing decreased the expression levels of Cu/Zn-SOD, CAT1, cAPX, and GR1 and the activities of SOD, CAT, APX, and GR when tomato seedlings were under salinity–alkalinity stress. Exogenous Spm did not increase RWC and decrease MDA content in RBOH1 silencing tomato seedlings under salinity–alkalinity stress.

With the development of peripheral nerve tissue engineering, study of biodegradable materials have extensive applied prospect. Chitosan (Cs) is a promising candidate for neural tissue engineering d...

BACKGROUND Broad use of insecticidal Cry proteins from Bacillus thuringiensis in biopesticides and transgenic crops has resulted in cases of practical field resistance, highlighting the need for novel approaches to insect control. Previously we described an anti-Cry1Ab idiotypic-antibody (B12-scFv) displaying toxicity against rice leafroller (Cnaphalocrocis medinalis) larvae, supporting the potential of antibodies for pest control. The goal of the present study was to generate insecticidal antibodies against diamondback moth (Plutella xylostella) larvae. RESULTS Four genetically engineered antibodies (GEAbs) were designed in silico from B12-scFv using three-dimensional (3D) structure and docking predictions to alkaline phosphatase (ALP) as a Cry1Ac receptor in P. xylostella. Among these GEAbs, the GEAb-dVL antibody consisting of two light chains had overlapping binding sites with Cry1A and Cry1B proteins and displayed high binding affinity to P. xylostella midgut brush border membrane (BBM) proteins. Proteins in BBM identified by pull-down assays as binding to GEAb-dVL included an ABC transporter and V-ATPase subunit A protein. Despite lacking the α-helical structures in Cry1A that are responsible for pore formation, ingestion of GEAb-dVL disrupted the P. xylostella larval midgut epithelium and resulted in toxicity. Apoptotic genes were activated in gut cells upon treatment with GEAb-dVL . CONCLUSION This study describes the first insecticidal GEAb targeting P. xylostella by mimicking Cry proteins. Data support that GEAb-dVL toxicity is associated to activation of intracellular cell death pathways, in contrast to pore-formation associated toxicity of Cry proteins. This work provides a foundation for the design of novel insecticidal antibodies for insect control. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry.

A continuous-flow Anaerobic/Anoxic/Oxic (A2/O) system was operated at different organic concentrations to systematically investigate the effect on the nutrient removal, secretion characteristics of extracellular polymer, phosphorus forms transformation and changes in functional flora in this system. The results showed that high organic loading was more conducive to promote the secretion of extracellular polymeric substance (EPS), the increase of polysaccharide content was more obvious compared with protein, the impact of organic loading on the components of loosely bound EPS (LB-EPS) was higher than that of tight-bound EPS (TB-EPS). Phosphorus in sludge floc mainly existed in the form of inorganic phosphorus (IP), and IP mainly existed in the form of apatite inorganic phosphorus (AP). High organic load showed higher phosphorus storage in EPS, and the phosphorus content in EPS was positively correlated with the content of EPS. Non-apatite phosphorus (NAIP) content played an important role in the extracellular dephosphorization. The abundance of Nitrosomonas and Nitrospira responsible for nitrification decreased with the increase in organic loading. The group of denitrifiers was large, and Azospira was the most abundant genus among them. Dechloromonas, Acinetobacter, Povalibacter, Chryseolinea and Pirellula were the functional genera closely associated with phosphorus removal. HIGHLIGHTS High organic loading promoted the secretion of EPS, the impact of organic loading on the components of LB-EPS was higher than that of TB-EPS.; NAIP played an important role in the extracellular phosphorus removal.; Influent organic loading shaped the bacterial community structure.; The core functional genera in N and P removal were identified by correlation analysis.

This paper reports an alternative approach to the evaluation of infrared camouflage effectiveness via a multi-fractal method. By calculating multi-fractal spectra of the target region and the background regions in an infrared image, the spectrum shape features and the discrete Frechet distances among these spectra were used to analyze the camouflage effectiveness of the target qualitatively and quantitatively, and the correlation coefficients of the spectra were further used as the index of camouflage effectiveness. It was found that the camouflaged target had better camouflage effectiveness than the target without camouflage in the same one background, and the same one camouflaged target had different camouflage effectiveness in different backgrounds. On the whole, the target matching well with its background had high camouflage effectiveness value. This approach can expand the application of multi-fractal theory in infrared camouflage technology, which should be useful for the research of infrared camouflage materials, the design of camouflage patterns as well as the deployment of military equipment in battlefield.

In addition to the demand of thin, lightweight, broadband and high-efficient characteristics, exploring microwave absorbents with superior resistance to oxidation and corrosion is urgently need for practical applications. Herein, carbon nanofibers embedded by α-Fe2O3, Fe or Fe3C nanocrystals are prepared through electrospinning technique followed by carbonization in different atmospheres. The one-dimensional structures can intertwine into three-dimensional conductive network, which is favored for energy dissipation. The Fe3C/N-doped carbon nanofibers show boosting microwave absorption properties compared to the bare carbon, α-Fe2O3/C and Fe/C nanofibers. The Fe3C/N-doped carbon nanofibers show an optimal reflection loss of −57.9 dB at 5.8 GHz with a thickness of 4.1 mm. Meanwhile, a reflection loss of −54.5 dB can be achieved at 17.8 GHz, when the absorber thickness is only 1.5 mm. The superior microwave absorption properties are attributed to the dipole polarization, interfacial polarization and ferromagnetic resonance, induced by the synergistic effect of Fe3C nanocrystals and carbon nanofibers. Moreover, acid-soaking and air-annealing treatments reveal that the Fe3C/N-doped carbon nanofibers show remarkable corrosion and oxidation resistance. This work suggests that encapsulating magnetic nanocrystals in dielectric carbon-based materials is an efficient strategy to construct high-efficient lightweight microwave absorbents with oxidation/corrosion resistance.

Hierarchically porous graphene materials have great potential for applications in energy storage, electrocatalysis, water treatment, etc. Herein, a simple, superfast and effective approach was developed to hierarchically porous graphene with both micron-scale inter-layer pores and nanoscale in-plane holes, where a small amount of graphite acted as microwave absorbent to ignite a so-called reduction propagation process and the first reduced graphene oxide (rGO) acted as new igniter to reduce all the surrounding graphene oxide (GO). It was found that the porous structure and degree of reduction of hierarchically porous rGO could be tailored simply by controlling the microwave irradiation time and power. GO was completely reduced in 5 s of microwave irradiation. When the irradiation time was further extended, more crystalline graphitic domains formed on the rGO, and the number of in-plane holes, which were rare in more shortly irradiated specimens, increased significantly after more than 40 s microwave irradiation. The relationship between these physicochemical characteristics of the obtained hierarchically porous rGO and the microwave irradiation conditions is discussed in detail in this paper, which has great significance in designing hierarchically porous graphene materials required for supercapacitor electrodes, electrocatalysts, and water-treatment membranes.

Halloysite Nanotubes (HNTs) with large surface/volume ratio and rich reactive groups are incorporated into Fe-based MOF aerogel to develop MOF(Fe)/HNTs composite aerogels for efficient methylene blue (MB) adsorption. A sol–gel method along with supercritical drying technology is applied for the preparation of the MOF(Fe)/HNTs composite aerogels. Micro-morphology and pore structure of the aerogels are properly regulated by controlling the addition amount of HNTs. The obtained samples show three-dimensional mesoporous network structures. The addition of HNTs can slightly increase the specific surface area of the aerogel and then decrease gradually with the increase of HNTs content. The MOF(Fe)/HNTs composite aerogels show favorable adsorption property towards MB and the maximum adsorption capacity can be 384 mg/g with the adsorption efficiency of 96.1%. Besides, the adsorption kinetic analysis reveals that the adsorption process of the MOF(Fe)/HNTs composite aerogel follows the pseudo-second-order model, indicating that chemical sorption may be the rate-limiting step.

With the growth of demand for flexible devices, the development of flexible electrodes used in energy storage devices has attracted much attention of researchers. In this work, a thin flexible cathode of Prussian blue analogue@polyaniline rooted in carbon cloth has been fabricated. The Prussian blue analogue (PBA) is an electrochemically active material grafted on flexible carbon cloth substrates, which had been precoated with polyaniline. Polyaniline as an intermediate layer can not only improve the overall electronic conductivity of the electrode but also enhance the adhesion and load of the PBAs. The electrochemical properties of the flexible cathode with a "sandwich" structure were determined in half-cells, with a superior capacity of 151 mA h·g-1 and a striking cyclability with 96% capacity retention over 100 cycles at 100 mA h·g-1. This work proposes a novel perspective for the structural construction and material synthesis of flexible positive electrodes and gives new options for the practical application of flexible batteries.

Through specific structural modification of a 4-phenylindoline precursor, new 4-arylindolines containing a thiazole moiety were developed and found to be promising modulators of the programmed cell death-1 (PD-1)/programmed cell death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) axis. Compound A30 exhibited outstanding biochemical activity, with an IC50 of 11.2 nM in a homogeneous time-resolved fluorescence assay. In the cell-based assay, A30 significantly promoted IFN-γ secretion and rescued T-cell proliferation, which were inhibited by PD-1 activation. Furthermore, A30 showed favorable in vivo antitumor activity in a mouse 4T1 breast carcinoma model. Moreover, in mouse CT26 colon carcinoma models, A30 potently suppressed the growth of CT26/PD-L1 tumor but did not obviously affect the growth of CT26/vector tumor. The results of flow cytometry analysis indicated that A30 inhibited tumor growth by activating the immune microenvironment. We concluded that A30 is a new starting point for further development of PD-1/PD-L1 interaction inhibitors as antitumor agents.

Global production networks have become the most important organizational platforms for coordinating international production activities, and their evolution patterns profoundly affect value distribution across the world. In this study, we shall firstly carry out an in-depth quantitative research to analyze the patterns and evolution of global production networks, using a long time-sequenced multi-region input-output table and the network analysis approach. Then based on the method of value-added decomposition, we will develop an index system to measure the degree of participation of regions in global production networks. Finally, we will try to identify the factors affecting the degree of participation of countries in global production networks by constructing a regression model. The results show that from 1995 to 2015, the evolution of global production networks measured by input-output linkages experienced four stages: expansion, contraction, re-expansion, and re-contraction. In addition, the core communities of global production networks evolved from two major production communities (Europe and the Americas) to three pillars (Europe, Americas, and Asia) while more segmented communities are mainly affected by geographical proximity. The latter consists of European, North American, South American, African and Asian communities. The evolution of the global production network pattern primarily manifests as a process of cooperation strengthening or weakening among communities, based on changes in the external environment and the need for individual development strategies. Meanwhile, the United States, Germany, and the United Kingdom have consistently ranked among the top entities in global production networks, whereas China, Russia, and Southeast Asia have the fastest rises in ranking. In addition, government efficiency, resources endowment, infrastructure conditions and technology levels play important roles in the participation in global production networks.

This paper shows that the Boston and top trading cycles school choice mechanisms are equivalent if, and only if, the priority structure is both strongly acyclic and Kesten-acyclic.

Signals with multiple components and fast-varying instantaneous frequencies reduce the readability of the time-frequency representations obtained by traditional synchrosqueezing transforms due to time-frequency blurring. We discussed a vertical synchrosqueezing transform, which is a second-order synchrosqueezing transform based on the short-time Fourier transform and compared it to the traditional short-time Fourier transform, synchrosqueezing transform, and another form of the second-order synchrosqueezing transform, the oblique synchrosqueezing transform. The quality of the time-frequency representation and the accuracy of mode reconstruction were compared through simulations and experiments. Results reveal that the second-order frequency estimator of the vertical synchrosqueezing transform could obtain accurate estimates of the instantaneous frequency and achieve highly energy-concentrated time-frequency representations for multicomponent and fast-varying signals. We also explored the application of statistical feature parameters of time-frequency image textures for the early fault diagnosis of roller bearings under fast-varying working conditions, both with and without noise. Experiments showed that there was no direct positive correlation between the resolution of the time-frequency images and the accuracy of fault diagnosis. However, the early fault diagnosis of roller bearings based on statistical texture features of high-resolution images obtained by the vertical synchrosqueezing transform was shown to have high accuracy and strong robustness to noise, thus meeting the demand for intelligent fault diagnosis.

The m-pyridine urea (mPU) oligomer was constructed by using the intramolecular hydrogen bond formed by the pyridine nitrogen atom and the NH of urea and the intermolecular hydrogen bond of the terminal carbonyl group and the NH of urea. Due to the synergistic effect of hydrogen bonds, mPU oligomer folds and exhibits strong self-assembly behaviour. Affected by folding, mPU oligomer generates a twisted plane, and one of its important features is that the carbonyl group of the urea group orientates outwards from the twisted plane, while the NHs tend to direct inward. This feature is beneficial to NH attraction for electron-rich species. Among them, the trimer self-assembles into helical nanotubes, and can efficiently transport chloride ions. This study provides a novel and efficient strategy for constructing self-assembled biomimetic materials for electron-rich species transmission.

SiBCN ceramic aerogels have excellent properties such as ultra-high temperature stability, low density and high thermal insulation. The aerogels have better potential applications in aerospace and other fields. However, similar to inorganic aerogels, the low mechanical strength of SiBCN ceramic aerogels are the main limitation of its application. Based on the principle of inorganic double network enhancement, the first network was constructed by PVA and HNTs, and HNTs/SiBCN dual network aerogels were constructed by SiBCN ceramic aerogels as the second network. The structure and mechanical properties were characterized by scanning electron microscope (SEM), transmission electron microscope (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), specific surface area analyzer and pressure tester. Compared with SiBCN ceramic aerogels, 6 wt% HNTs-SiBCN ceramic hybrid aerogels have better microscopic properties (maintaining basic porous network structure and structural stability) and mechanical properties.The continuous HNTs first network can effectively transfer the stress load and enhance the strength of SiBCN ceramic aerogels.

An unprecedented method for the construction of thiazole-2-thiones via an oxidative cascade cyclization strategy is described. The novel protocol involves the simultaneous formation of two C-S bonds and a C═S bond on the structure of enaminones in a single operation through a cascade of C(sp2)-H/C(sp3)-H bond sulfurations and C(sp3)-H bond thiocarbonylation. This transformation allows for the efficient synthesis of thiazole-2-thiones with broad tolerance in moderate to excellent yields from simple enaminones with elemental sulfur.

A visible-light-promoted transfer hydrogenation of azobenzenes has been developed. In the presence of B2pin2 and upon visible-light irradiation, the reactions proceeded smoothly in methanol at ambi...

In this work, a novel binder-free electrode, in which three-dimensional porous Ni2P@Ni(OH)2 nanosheet arrays were in situ grown on carbon cloth (CC), is rationally designed for supercapacitor applications. In comparison with Ni2P@CC, the Ni2P@Ni(OH)2@CC electrode represents superior electrochemical characteristics: the gravimetric capacitance and areal capacitance are boosted to be 632 C g−1 and 0.73 C cm−2 at 1 mA cm−2, about 2 and 2.7 times larger than those of Ni2P@CC (321 C g−1 and 0.27 C cm−2), respectively; the rate capability is improved to be 63.3% from 1 to 10 mA cm−2, about 1.5 times larger than Ni2P@CC (42.9%); the cycle stability is enhanced to be 81.4% after 1000 cycles, about 1.6 times larger than Ni2P/CC (51.8%). The assembly Ni2P@Ni(OH)2@CC//AC hybrid supercapacitor device shows high energy density of 23.5 Wh kg−1 at a power density of 1158.0 W kg−1 and good cycling stability of 75.2% maintenance after 5000 cycles. Benefiting from the combined advantages of high electronic conductivity and large specific capacitance of Ni2P, superior anion exchanging/intercalating capacity of Ni(OH)2, excellent flexibility of carbon cloth, and special hierarchical architecture with large surface area, the Ni2P@Ni(OH)2@CC electrode is promised to be a good candidate for supercapacitors.

Shini Feng,1 Yajing Ren,1 Hui Li,1 Yunfei Tang,1 Jinyu Yan,1 Zeyuan Shen,1 Huijie Zhang,2 Fuxue Chen1 1School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, People’s Republic of China; 2School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, People’s Republic of ChinaCorrespondence: Fuxue ChenSchool of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, People’s Republic of ChinaTel/Fax +86-21-6613-5167Email chenfuxue@staff.shu.edu.cnPurpose: Nanomaterial-based drug-delivery systems allowing for effective targeted delivery of smallmolecule chemodrugs to tumors have revolutionized cancer therapy. Recently, as novel nanomaterials with outstanding physicochemical properties, boron nitride nanospheres (BNs) have emerged as a promising candidate for drug delivery. However, poor dispersity and lack of tumor targeting severely limit further applications. In this study, cancer cell–membrane biomimetic BNs were designed for targeted anticancer drug delivery.Methods: Cell membrane extracted from HeLa cells (HM) was used to encapsulate BNs by physical extrusion. Doxorubicin (Dox) was loaded onto HM-BNs as a model drug.Results: The cell-membrane coating endowed the BNs with excellent dispersibility and cytocompatibility. The drug-release profile showed that the Dox@HM-BNs responded to acid pH, resulting in rapid Dox release. Enhanced cellular uptake of Dox@HM-BNs by HeLa cells was revealed because of the homologous targeting of cancer-cell membranes. CCK8 and live/dead assays showed that Dox@HM-BNs had stronger cytotoxicity against HeLa cells, due to self-selective cellular uptake. Finally, antitumor investigation using the HeLa tumor model demonstrated that Dox@HM-BNs possessed much more efficient tumor inhibition than free Dox or Dox@BNs.Conclusion: These findings indicate that the newly developed HM-BNs are promising as an efficient tumor-selective drug-delivery vehicle for tumor therapy.Keywords: boron nitride nanospheres, cancer-cell membrane, targeted drug delivery, chemotherapy, biomimetic

A novel carbon/m-HNTs composite aerogel was synthesized by introducing the modified halloysite nanotubes (m-HNTs) into phenolic (PR) aerogels through chemical grafting, followed with carbonization treatment. In order to explore the best proportion of HNTs to phenolic, the micromorphology of PR/m-HNTs were investigated by SEM before carbonization, confirming 10 wt% of m-HNTs is most beneficial to the porous network of aerogels. The interaction between PR and HNTs was studied by FTIR spectra, and microstructure evolution of the target product-carbon/m-HNTs composite aerogel were illustrated by SEM and TEM techniques. SEM patterns indicated that the carbon/m-HNTs aerogels maintain a stable porous structure at 1000 °C (carbonization temperature), while a ~20 nm carbon layer was formed around m-HNTs generating an integral unit through TEM analysis. Specific surface area and pore size distribution of composite aerogels were analyzed based on mercury intrusion porosimetry and N2 adsorption–desorption method, the obtained results stayed around 500 m2g−1 and 1.00 cm3g−1 (pore volume) without significant discrepancy, compared with pure aerogel, showing the uniformity of pore size. The weight loss rate (26.76%) decreased greatly compared with pure aerogel, at the same time, the best volumetric shrinkage rate was only 30.83%, contributed by the existence of HNTs supporting the neighbor structure to avoid over-shrinking. The highest compressive strength reached to 4.43 MPa, while the data of pure aerogel was only 1.52 MPa, demonstrating the excellent mechanical property of carbon/m-HNTs aerogels.

High-mobility and strong luminescent materials are essential as an important component of organic photodiodes, having received extensive attention in the field of organic optoelectronics. Beyond the conventional chemical synthesis of new molecules, pressure technology, as a flexible and efficient method, can tune the electronic and optical properties reversibly. However, the mechanism in organic materials has not been systematically revealed. Here, we theoretically predicted the pressure-depended luminescence and charge transport properties of high-performance organic optoelectronic semiconductors, 2,6-diphenylanthracene (DPA), by first-principle and multi-scale theoretical calculation methods. The dispersion-corrected density functional theory (DFT-D) and hybrid quantum mechanics/molecular mechanics (QM/MM) method were used to get the electronic structures and vibration properties under pressure. Furthermore, the charge transport and luminescence properties were calculated with the quantum tunneling method and thermal vibration correlation function. We found that the pressure could significantly improve the charge transport performance of the DPA single crystal. When the applied pressure increased to 1.86 GPa, the hole mobility could be doubled. At the same time, due to the weak exciton coupling effect and the rigid flat structure, there is neither fluorescence quenching nor obvious emission enhancement phenomenon. The DPA single crystal possesses a slightly higher fluorescence quantum yield ∼ 0.47 under pressure. Our work systematically explored the pressure-dependence photoelectric properties and explained the inside mechanism. Also, we proposed that the external pressure would be an effective way to improve the photoelectric performance of organic semiconductors.

The Mw 4.6 earthquake that occurred on 17 August 2015 northwest of Fort St. John, British Columbia, is considered the largest hydraulic-fracturing-induced event in Canada, based on its spatiotemporal relationship with respect to nearby injection operations. There is a ∼5 day delay of this Mw 4.6 mainshock from the onset of fluid injection at the closest well pad (W1). In contrast, other two nearby injection wells (W2 and W3) have almost instantaneous seismic responses. In this study, we first take a forward numerical approach to investigate the causative mechanisms for the Mw 4.6 event. Specifically, three finite-element 3D poroelastic models of various permeability structures and presence or absence of hydraulic conduits are constructed, to calculate the coupled evolution of elastic stress and pore pressure caused by multistage fluid injections. Our simulation results suggest that pore pressure increase associated with the migration of injected fluid is required to accumulate sufficient stress perturbations to trigger this Mw 4.6 earthquake. In contrast, the elastic stress perturbation caused by rock matrix deformation alone is not the main cause. Furthermore, injection and seismicity at W1 may have altered the local stress field and brought local faults closer to failure at sites W2 and W3. This process could probably shorten the seismic response time and, thus, explain the observed simultaneous appearance of injection and induced seismicity at W2 and W3.

A new two-step enzymatic conversion process for the production of a novel mono-α-1,4-glucosylated rebaudioside A derivative (RA1G) was established via transglycosylation followed by hydrolyzation. In the transglycosylation reaction catalyzed by cyclodextrin glycosyltransferase, rebaudioside A (RA) was converted into glucosylated RA derivatives (RAGs), and the maximum conversion of 87.8% was obtained with the optimal conditions of 2 U/mL enzyme, 82.5 mg/mL β-cyclodextrin, and 82.5 mg/mL RA at 60 °C for 5 h. The obtained RAG solution was then directly used in hydrolyzation. Four amylases were screened for shortening the newly synthesized α-glucans of RAGs. A glucoamylase was found to produce RA1G as the single glucosylated product, and the maximum yield of 53.3% was achieved with the optimal conditions of adding 1.5 U/mL glucoamylase into RAG solution at 60 °C for 3 h. RA1G was identified as 13-[(2-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-3-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-β-D-glucopyranosyl) oxy] ent-kaur-16-en-19-oic acid-[(4-O-α-D-glucopyranosyl-β-D-glucopyranosyl) ester] by MS and NMR analysis and showed an improved sensory quality compared to RA.

The Triassic igneous complexes in the east flank of the East Kunlun orogenic belt (E-KOB) provide a window through which to investigate the Mesozoic magmatism in the E-KOB. Here, we report the prec...

Phenolic compounds in apples 17 cultivars (Malus domestica Borkh.) and 3 wild forms (Malus sp.) were analyzed to study the impact of genetic background, growth site, and fruit bagging. The impact of altitude was studied in nine cultivars by analyzing fruits collected from orchards at three altitudes. Procyanidin B2 (71–628 μg/g fresh weight), ( −)-epicatechin (35–357 μg/g), and chlorogenic acid (28–563 μg/g) were always the three most abundant phenolic compounds in the apple samples studied, except for the cultivar ‘Qinguan’, which had a very low content of ( −)-epicatechin (13 μg/g) and procyanidin B2 (8 μg/g). The wild apples of M. prunifolia (Willd.) Borkh were 5-times richer in epicatechin (278 μg/g) and procyanidin B2 (628 μg/g) than the commercial cultivars of M. domestica Borkh (86 and 54, respectively). Among the commercial cultivars, ‘Qinguan’ had the highest level of chlorogenic acid but the lowest content of flavan-3-ols, whereas ‘Liuyuehong’ was characterized by the highest content of quercetin glycosides. Procyanidin B2, and ( −)-epicatechin correlated negatively, while other phenolics positively, with altitude. The response of phenolic compounds to altitude variation depended on latitude variation and genetic backgrounds. Bagging treatment reduced the contents of most phenolic compounds, with the impact of cultivars and length of re-exposure before harvest. This is also the first report on phenolic compounds in several important new cultivars, adding new knowledge on the compositional characteristics of global apple resources.

In this study, the effects of ultrasound-assisted alkali extraction (UAE) on the yield, structural, functional and antioxidant properties of dolichos lablab L. protein (DLP) were investigated. Based on Plackett-Burman design (PBD), the parameters of UAE were screened and then optimized by response surface methodology (RSM). The results showed that, under optimum conditions (ultrasound time of 30 min, pH of 10, and liquid to solid ratio of 60 mL/g), the DLP extraction rate of UAE (69.98 %) was significantly higher than that of traditional alkali extraction (TAE) method (40.95 %). Besides, compared with TAE, UAE significantly altered the protein secondary structure, enhanced the thermal stability and increased the foaming ability and oil holding capacity of DLP by 40 %. Moreover, the DLP extracted by UAE showed higher antioxidant activities. These findings revealed that ultrasound-assisted extraction not only increased the yield of DLP, but also enhanced its functional properties and antioxidant activities, which is probably related to the changes of DLP structure. All these suggest that ultrasound can be applied to augment the functional properties of DLP and make them more suitable for industrial needs.

Practical application of high-energy-density lithium-sulfur (Li–S) battery is greatly impeded by the detrimental shuttling effect and sluggish redox kinetics of polysulfides. Herein, a multifunctional Nb2O5-carbon nanotube (CNT) catalytic interface is designed and fabricated onto the separator, which can directly trap the polysulfides and then rapidly catalyze their redox conversion for advanced Li–S batteries. The construction of conductive and catalytic Nb2O5-CNT interface could afford long-distance electron transfer network, strong chemisorptive properties, and rich catalytic sites for accelerating polysulfide conversion kinetics and regulating Li2S nucleation/dissolution. The sulfur cathode with the assistant of Nb2O5-CNT interface could deliver an initial discharge capacity of 1286 mAh g−1 and remain 992 mAh g−1 with a capacity retention of 77.0%, corresponding to a low capacity attenuation rate of 0.23% per cycle during 100 cycles at 0.2C. Meanwhile, the Nb2O5-CNT interface can greatly suppress the self-discharge and effectively reduce the formation of lithium dendrite due to the inhibition of the shuttling effect. This work provides instructive insights to suppress the shuttle effect and accelerate redox conversion via designing a multifunctional catalytic interface for Li–S chemistry.

Skotomorphogenesis occurs after germination and before excavation in plants. It inhibits excessive absorbed energy in cells and can prevent the lethal photooxidative damage caused by transitioning from skotomorphogenesis to photomorphogenesis for light energy utilization. To investigate the mechanisms underlying photoreactions in soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.], we identified and isolated soybean phytochrome-interaction factor 1 (GmPIF1). A yeast two-hybrid (Y2H) assay showed that GmPIF1 interacted with photoactive PHYTOCHROME A (PHYA) and B (PHYB) in both soybean and Arabidopsis (GmPHYA, GmPHYB, AtPHYA, and AtPHYB). To analyze its function, we ectopically over-expressed GmPIF1 in wild type and pif1 mutant Arabidopsis. In etiolated seedlings, GmPIF1 caused hypocotyl elongation, cotyledon closed, apical hooks folded, and less accumulation of protochlorophyllide. In Y2H, GmPIF1 interacted with AtHDA15 that inhibited chlorophyll synthesis under dark conditions. After transition from darkness to white light, GmPIF1 promotes the reduction of photobleaching and induced de-etiolation. Moreover, GmPIF1 inhibited PHYA- and PHYB-mediated seed germination. Our findings increase our understanding of the regulatory network of light response in soybean and provide useful gene resources for soybean breeding in programs and genetics engineering.

Nowadays, microbial exopolysaccharide (EPS) have been extensively researched due to their multifunctional characteristics, especially the EPS from the lactic acid bacteria (LAB). However, the EPS from the Oenococcus oeni (O. oeni, a lactic acid bacteria commonly used in winemaking) have rarely been experimented. In this study, the EPS produced by O. oeni 28A-1 was obtained and characterized. The EPS had an average molecular weight of 7.73×104 Da and were composed of mannose, rhamnose, glucose, galactose, arabinose and galacturonic acid in a molar ratio of 13.6:1.3:8.8:5.6:1:1.4. The SEM images showed EPS appeared as irregular lamellar structure and coarse surface. The AFM image of the EPS showed that the irregular particle structure was dispersed in the solution, and some aggregation occurred in some areas. FT-IR analysis of the EPS revealed the characteristics of polysaccharide with the presence of specific functional groups. The EPS also exhibited higher thermal stability with a degradation temperature of 259.47°C in DSC analysis. In addition, the EPS from O. oeni exhibited great lyoprotective ability during its freeze-drying process, which indicated its great potential to be developed as natural lyoprotectant for O. oeni.

Titania nanotubes (TNTs) with high length–diameter ratio are incorporated into reduced graphene oxide (rGO) aerogel to modify the porous structure of the obtained rGO/TNTs aerogel for efficient methylene blue (MB) adsorption. A hydrothermal method along with freeze drying is applied for the preparation of the rGO/TNTs composite aerogel. The uniformly dispersed TNTs in rGO matrix can effectively support the network structure and hinder the π–π bonding interaction between graphene sheets, thus resulting in a three-dimensional mesoporous network with high specific surface area. The rGO/TNTs aerogel shows favorable adsorption property toward MB and the maximum adsorption capacity can be 380.7 mg g−1 with the adsorption efficiency of 92.2%. Besides, the adsorption kinetic analysis reveals that a dispersion process is found to be the rate-limiting step when the adsorbent dosage is low. With the increase of adsorbent content, chemical sorption such as the π–π interaction or the reaction of the polar functional groups between MB and rGO–TNTs-C aerogel becomes the rate-limiting step.

This study investigated the relationship between the pre-summer soil moisture (SM) over the Indo-China Peninsula (ICP) and the summer precipitation in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River basin (MLR-YRB) under different SST backgrounds. When spring soil over the ICP was dry (wet), summer precipitation in most parts of the MLR-YRB was significantly higher (lower) under normal SST backgrounds (in the inner-quartile years). However, the SM anomalies produced a limited influence on summer precipitation under strong SST conditions (in the outer-quartile years). Further analysis indicates that in the inner-quartile years, the thermal heating anomalies induced by abnormal SM evidently increased (decreased) the geopotential heights above the western tropical Pacific, and enhanced (weakened) the low-level anticyclonic circulation, thereby increasing (decreasing) the warm and moist southerly flow from the ICP and western Pacific regions to the MLR-YRB, which was conducive to more (less) precipitation in the MLR-YRB. In the outer-quartile years, thermal anomalies of the ICP had very weak effects on both the wind fields above the western Pacific and the water vapor flux to the MLR-YRB, thereby leading to a limited increase (decrease) in summer precipitation. The different responses of the local and surrounding atmospheric circulations to pre-summer SM anomalies over the ICP against different SST backgrounds produced distinct impacts on the distribution of summer precipitation in the MLR-YRB. The dry (wet) anomalies of spring SM in the ICP could also increase (decrease) the zonal thermal contrast between the ICP and the South China Sea (SCS) and impact the SCS summer monsoon differently in the inner-quartile and outer-quartile years. Based on numerical experiments with the Community Earth System Model (CESM), this work further confirmed the observational results and explored the physical mechanism by which the ICP spring soil moisture affects the MLR-YRB summer precipitation under various SST backgrounds. The simulation results show that a dry (wet) ICP spring soil significantly increased (decreased) the MLR-YRB rainfall in the following summer. This negative correlation was stronger in the inner-quartile years. The atmospheric response to changes in the surface thermal conditions was more significant in the inner-quartile years. This surface heating anomaly over the ICP led to anomalous southwest wind over the SCS, which could enhance the Asian summer monsoon and increase summer precipitation in the MLR-YRB.

The valorization of carbon dioxide (CO2 ) to fine chemicals is one of the most promising approaches for CO2 capture and utilization. Herein we demonstrated a series of porous organometallic polymers could be employed as highly efficient and recyclable catalysts for this purpose. Synergetic effects of specific surface area, iridium content, and CO2 adsorption capability are crucial to achieve excellent selectivity and yields towards N-formylation of diverse amines with CO2 and H2 under mild reaction conditions even at 20 ppm catalyst loading. Density functional theory calculations revealed not only a redox-neutral catalytic pathway but also a new plausible mechanism with the incorporation of the key intermediate formic acid via a proton-relay process. Remarkably, a record turnover number (TON = 1.58 × 106 ) was achieved in the synthesis of N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF), and the solid catalysts can be reused up to 12 runs, highlighting their practical potential in industry.

In this paper, the ability of the CFSv2 model to forecast the polar vortex displacements in the stratosphere of the Northern hemisphere is evaluated. We use the ERA-I reanalysis daily data of the potential vortex (pv) and the horizontal wind; vertical wind in the 430, 475, 530, and 600 K in the potential temperature field; and the temperature in the geopotential height at 50 hPa. And the 1–850 hPa isobaric surface temperature and u, v wind field daily data from the 9-month business forecast data of the Climate Forecast System Version 2 (CFSv2). The two polar vortex displacement events shift to Eurasia that occurred in Feb 2008 and Jan 2012. The results show that the polar vortex displacement events in February 2008 and January 2012 shifted toward the European region. During the polar vortex displacements, the westerly wind at 60°N latitude decreases, the temperature gradient reverses at the north polar and 60°N latitudes at 50 hPa, and a weaker stratospheric warming occurs in this process. For two of the polar vortex displacement events, the CFSv2 predictions of the start, largest, and end times of the polar vortex displacement are accurate at forecast lead times of 0 and 5 days, and the prediction results for the westerly winds and temperature gradients are also excellent. However, the CFSv2 prediction ability at forecast lead times exceeding 20 days is poor. For the polar vortex displacement event in February 2008, the CFSv2 predictions are good for the start and largest times but are not consistent with the actual situation for the end time at a forecast lead time of 10 days. The CFSv2 predictions are good for the end time but are not accurate for the start and largest times at a forecast lead time of 15 days. For the polar vortex displacement event in January 2012, the CFSv2 predictions are poor for the start, largest and end times and for the zonal wind, but are good for the temperature gradient during the displacement at forecast lead times of 10 days. The change in the polar vortex boundary and zonal wind and temperature gradients cannot be predicted at forecast lead times of 15 days.

Broadband photodetectors fabricated with organic molecules have the advantages of low cost, high flexibility, easy processing and low-temperature requirement. Fullerene molecules, due to their electron accepting and photoinduced electron transfer properties, are potential materials for photodetectors. However, fullerene has a narrow light absorption spectrum range, and realization of large-area fullerene-based broadband photodetectors remains a challenge. Herein, we broaden the absorption wavelength range of fullerene through molecular engineering, i.e. adding a donor molecule, nickel tetraphenylporphyrin (NiTPP) with strong visible light absorption capacity, onto the fullerene cage to form a donor–acceptor dyad (NiTPP-C60). Moreover, large-area nickel porphyrin–fullerene (NiTPP-C60) single-crystal arrays were prepared by applying a liquid-bridge induced assembly method. Combining the excellent visible light absorption properties of porphyrin and the good electron transport characteristic of fullerene, photodetectors fabricated with NiTPP-C60 single-crystal arrays show a fast photoelectric response with τon < 0.09 s at 350 nm, τon < 0.10 s at 425 nm and τon < 0.08 s at 530 nm, and the highest responsivity of 11.9 A W−1 at 425 nm. This study provides a new strategy toward the fabrication of high-performance fullerene broadband photodetectors and presents a versatile method for the design of large-area well-aligned organic single-crystal arrays for practical electronic applications.

The Ni/SiO2 catalysts were prepared by ammonia evaporation method, with nickel nitrate as Ni source and silica sol as the SiO2 source, for synthesis of 2-MTHF from 2-MF hydrogenation. The catalytic performance of catalysts prepared at different calcination temperatures were tested on a fixed-bed reactor. XRD, N2 adsorption-desorption isothermal, H2-TPR, NH3-TPD, XPS and TG were employed to characterize the structure and surface properties of these catalysts. The effect of calcination temperature on the structure, surface property and catalytic performance of catalysts were investigated. The result indicated that all the catalysts had a phyllosilicate structure after calcination, and maintained the structure after reduction. Ni particles dispersed well with smaller size and strong metal support interaction showed high activity. The surface acidity of catalysts was influenced by the calcination temperature. The maximum catalytic activity and selectivity were obtained on the catalyst calcined by at 500°C, which exhibited a 2-MF conversion of 100% and the 2-MTHF selectivity of 93.5% at the optimized condition, due to smaller particle size and suitable surface acidity.

Utilizing droplets as micro-tools has become a valuable method in biology and chemistry. In previous work, we have demonstrated a novel droplet generation–manipulation method in a conventional optical tweezer system. Here, a further study of the droplet composition and its formation principle is performed. First, it is proved through Raman spectra that the principal component of the droplets is HPO42− solution. Considering that the generated droplet size is at the μm level, we have adopted a variety of methods in experiments to reduce external interference. Second, using a confocal microscopic video camera, the growth process of the droplet is completely recorded in a common glass-based chamber. The finite element simulations help us to further understand that the droplet generation process using optical tweezers can be divided into two stages: “capture” caused by optical force field and “aggregation” induced by a photothermal phenomenon and thermal acceleration. Through these studies, the nature of the optical tweezer-generated droplets is revealed. As a general principle for the droplet generation, this method will provide inspiration and prospects in the fields of microfluidics and biophysics-chemistry.

Pleiotropy is a widespread phenomenon in complex human diseases. Jointly analyzing multiple phenotypes can improve power performance of detecting genetic variants and uncover the underlying genetic mechanism. This study aims to detect the association between genetic variants in a genomic region and multiple phenotypes. We develop the aggregated Cauchy association test to detect the association between rare variants in a genomic region and multiple phenotypes (abbreviated as “Multi-ACAT”). Multi-ACAT first detects the association between each rare variant and multiple phenotypes based on reverse regression and obtains variant-level p-values, then takes linear combination of transformed p-values as the test statistic which approximately follows Cauchy distribution under the null hypothesis. Extensive simulation studies show that when the proportion of causal variants in a genomic region is extremely small, Multi-ACAT is more powerful than the other several methods and is robust to bi-directional effects of causal variants. Finally, we illustrate our proposed method by analyzing two phenotypes [systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP)] from Genetic Analysis Workshop 19 (GAW19). The Multi-ACAT computes extremely fast, does not consider complex distributions of multiple correlated phenotypes, and can be applied to the case with noise phenotypes.

The structures of hybrid two-dimensional (2D) Ruddlesden–Popper (RP) phase-layered halide perovskite (BA)2CsPb2Br7 in the temperature range of 100 to 450 K were constructed and systematically investigated by first-principles calculations. The results showed that the perovskite materials were thermodynamically stable and exhibited the properties of direct band gap semiconductors in the temperature range of 100 to 400 K. However, a first-order phase transition occurred when the temperature was raised to 450 K, causing transformation of the orthorhombic to tetragonal space group. The absorption spectra and transition dipole moments of (BA)2CsPb2Br7 were discussed at the temperature range of 300 to 450 K. A large dipole transition matrix element P2 is observed at 300 K, which implies that the emissive property of the 2D RP phase-layered perovskite (BA)2CsPb2Br7 is less affected by thermal quenching at room temperature. This highlights the potential of 2D layered halide perovskites for large-area and low-cost light-emitting diodes.

Organic semiconductors with long-range exciton diffusion length are highly desirable for optoelectronics but currently remain rare. Here, the estimated diffusion length of singlet excitons (LD ) in 2,6-diphenyl anthracene (DPA) crystals grown by solvent evaporation was shown to be up to approximately 124 nm. These crystals showed a previously unseen parallelogram morphology with layer-by-layer edge-on molecular stacking, isotropic optical waveguiding, radiation rate and non-radiation rate constants of 0.15 and 0.26 ns-1 respectively, as well as good field-effect transistor hole mobility and theoretically computed strong electronic couplings as high as 109 meV. Photoresponse experiments revealed that the photoconductivity of DPA crystals is surprisingly not related to the radiative pathway but associated with rapid exciton diffusion to the crystal surface for charge separation and carrier bimolecular recombination. Taken together, DPA was shown to be a promising semiconducting material for a new organic optoelectronics paradigm.

Microstructural characterisation of artificially aged and service-exposed ASTM A204 Grade C steel reveals changes in the cementite particles of pearlite and microstructure. The ageing temperatures ...

On January 25, 2019, the tailings dam at Vale’s Corrego do Feijao mine (Brumadinho, Minas Gerais, Brazil) ruptured, releasing about 12 million cubic meters of tailings, killing over 240 people and ...

For tomographic reconstruction in combustion diagnostics, it is usually necessary to solve a rank-deficient problem, where the number of non-linear dependent equations is smaller than the number of unknowns. In some reconstructions, there are grids without rays passing through. This produces artifacts during the reconstruction. In this paper, the weight of the regulation equation is modified with the number of the rays crossing the grid cells. The effect of the neighboring grid values as well as the number of rays crossing the grid cells is considered in the new regulation method. Numerical simulation results show that the new regulation method suppresses the reconstruction error of the no rays crossing grid and successfully restrains the corner distortion in four projection angles. The effects of the weight coefficient and the smoothing factor on the reconstruction are examined through a numerical study. Finally, a combustion experiment demonstrates that the new regulation method can significantly reduce the reconstructed error, especially for the non-ray crossing condition, and the results are compared with thermocouple measurements and reconstructions without modified regulation.

In this paper, we introduce the notion of R -partial b -metric spaces and prove some related fixed point results in the context of this notion. We also discuss an example to validate our result. Finally, as applications, we evince the importance of our work by discussing some fixed point results on graphical-partial b -metric spaces and on partially-ordered-partial b -metric spaces.

In our previous research, origami graphene aerogel and halloysite aerogel were successfully prepared, and interesting results were also found in terms of structural self-reinforcement and stress to...