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361 results on '"Écophysiologie des Plantes sous Stress environnementaux (LEPSE)"'

1. Epigenetics for Plant Improvement: Current Knowledge and Modeling Avenues

Author: Nathalie Leblanc-Fournier, Denis Vile, Zhanwu Dai, Philippe Gallusci, Arnaud Gauffretau, Michel Génard, Céline Richard-Molard, Sophie Brunel-Muguet, Unité de recherche Plantes et Systèmes de Culture Horticoles (PSH), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Laboratoire de Physique et Physiologie Intégratives de l'Arbre Fruitier et Forestier (PIAF), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand 2 (UBP), Ecologie fonctionnelle et écotoxicologie des agroécosystèmes (ECOSYS), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-AgroParisTech, Écophysiologie des Plantes sous Stress environnementaux (LEPSE), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Ecophysiologie Végétale, Agronomie et Nutritions (EVA), Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Laboratoire de Physique et Physiologie Intégratives de l’Arbre en environnement Fluctuant (PIAF), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020]), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), Unité de recherche Plantes et Systèmes de Culture Horticoles ( PSH ), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique ( INRA ), Laboratoire de Physique et Physiologie Intégratives de l'Arbre Fruitier et Forestier ( PIAF ), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique ( INRA ) -Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand 2 ( UBP ), Ecologie fonctionnelle et écotoxicologie des agroécosystèmes ( ECOSYS ), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique ( INRA ) -AgroParisTech, Écophysiologie des Plantes sous Stress environnementaux ( LEPSE ), Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques ( Montpellier SupAgro ) -Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique ( INRA ) -Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier ( Montpellier SupAgro ), Ecophysiologie Végétale, Agronomie et Nutritions ( EVA ), Université de Caen Normandie ( UNICAEN ), Normandie Université ( NU ) -Normandie Université ( NU ) -Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique ( INRA ), Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), and Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, 0301 basic medicine, [ SDV.BV ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology, Process (engineering), plasticité phénotypique, régulateur du développement des plantes, intensive husbandry, adaptation, Plant Science, Breeding, Biology, phenotypic plasticity, 01 natural sciences, Epigenesis, Genetic, modelling, 03 medical and health sciences, épigénétique, adaptation au changement, plant breeding, variation epigénétique, [SDV.BV]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology, Epigenetics, development, modélisation, 2. Zero hunger, Genetic diversity, Phenotypic plasticity, Variation épigénétique, epigenetics, business.industry, fungi, food and beverages, modeling, Plants, 15. Life on land, Heritability, contrôle de processus, Adaptation, Physiological, Biotechnology, 030104 developmental biology, Evolutionary biology, Adaptation, changement environnemental, business, environment, élevage intensif, amélioration des plantes, 010606 plant biology & botany
Abstract: Epigenetic variations are involved in the control of plant developmental processes and participate in shaping phenotypic plasticity to the environment. Intense breeding has eroded genetic diversity, and epigenetic diversity now emerge as a new source of phenotypic variations to improve adaptation to changing environments and ensure the yield and quality of crops. Here, we review how the characterization of the stability and heritability of epigenetic variations is required to drive breeding strategies, which can be assisted by process-based models. We propose future directions to hasten the elucidation of complex epigenetic regulatory networks that should help crop modelers to take epigenetic modifications into account and assist breeding strategies for specific agronomical traits.
Published: 2017

2. Global wellposedness for a class of reaction–advection–anisotropic-diffusion systems

Author: Guillaume Rolland, André Fischer, Dieter Bothe, Michel Pierre, Mathematical Modeling and Analysis, Darmstadt University of Technology [Darmstadt], École normale supérieure - Rennes (ENS Rennes), Institut de Recherche Mathématique de Rennes (IRMAR), AGROCAMPUS OUEST, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-École normale supérieure - Rennes (ENS Rennes)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA), Écophysiologie des Plantes sous Stress environnementaux (LEPSE), Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro), École normale supérieure - Rennes ( ENS Rennes ), Institut de Recherche Mathématique de Rennes ( IRMAR ), Université de Rennes 1 ( UR1 ), Université de Rennes ( UNIV-RENNES ) -Université de Rennes ( UNIV-RENNES ) -AGROCAMPUS OUEST-École normale supérieure - Rennes ( ENS Rennes ) -Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique ( Inria ) -Institut National des Sciences Appliquées ( INSA ) -Université de Rennes 2 ( UR2 ), Université de Rennes ( UNIV-RENNES ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Écophysiologie des Plantes sous Stress environnementaux ( LEPSE ), Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques ( Montpellier SupAgro ) -Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique ( INRA ) -Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier ( Montpellier SupAgro ), Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-AGROCAMPUS OUEST-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-École normale supérieure - Rennes (ENS Rennes)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), and Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-École normale supérieure - Rennes (ENS Rennes)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-INSTITUT AGRO Agrocampus Ouest
Subjects: Class (set theory), Anisotropic diffusion, Structure (category theory), Type (model theory), 01 natural sciences, Mathematics - Analysis of PDEs, [ MATH.MATH-AP ] Mathematics [math]/Analysis of PDEs [math.AP], Mathematics (miscellaneous), Reaction-diffusion-advection system, FOS: Mathematics, [MATH.MATH-AP]Mathematics [math]/Analysis of PDEs [math.AP], 35K57, 92E20, 35K51, 35K59, 92D25, Uniqueness, 0101 mathematics, global existence of weak solutions, Mathematics, 010102 general mathematics, Isotropy, Mathematical analysis, anisotropic diffusion, 010101 applied mathematics, Linear map, Nonlinear system, 35K57, 92E20, instantaneous reaction limit, control of mass, Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
Abstract: International audience; We prove existence and uniqueness of global solutions for a class of reaction-advection-anisotropic-diffusion systems whose reaction terms have a "triangular structure". We thus extend previous results to the case of time-space dependent anisotropic diffusions and with time-space dependent advection terms. The corresponding models are in particular relevant for transport processes inside porous media and in situations in which additional migration occurs. The proofs are based on optimal $L^p$-maximal regularity results for the general time-dependent linear operator dual to the one involved in the considered systems. As an application, we prove global well-posedness for a prototypical class of chemically reacting systems with mass-action kinetics, involving networks of reactions of the type $C_1+\ldots+C_{P-1} \rightleftharpoons C_{P} $. Finally, we analyze how a classical a priori $L^2$-estimate of the solutions, which holds with this kind of nonlinear reactive terms, extends to our general anisotropic-advection framework. It does extend with the same assumptions for isotropic diffusions and is replaced by an $L^{(N+1)/N}$-estimate in the general situation.
Published: 2016

3. The uncertainty of crop yield projections is reduced by improved temperature response functions

Author: Alex C. Ruane, Peter J. Thorburn, Mikhail A. Semenov, Joost Wolf, Claudio O. Stöckle, Pramod K. Aggarwal, Gerard W. Wall, Margarita Garcia-Vila, Matthew P. Reynolds, Eckart Priesack, Jørgen E. Olesen, Enli Wang, Bruce A. Kimball, Jordi Doltra, Iurii Shcherbak, Ehsan Eyshi Rezaei, Jeffrey W. White, Leilei Liu, L. A. Hunt, Senthold Asseng, Frank Ewert, Yan Zhu, Fulu Tao, Christoph Müller, Daniel Wallach, Christian Biernath, Davide Cammarano, Mohamed Jabloun, Zhigan Zhao, Michael J. Ottman, Pierre Martre, Sebastian Gayler, Garry O'Leary, Zhimin Wang, Jakarat Anothai, Elias Fereres, Claas Nendel, Bruno Basso, Thilo Streck, Curtis D. Jones, Andrea Maiorano, Phillip D. Alderman, Andrew J. Challinor, Reimund P. Rötter, Taru Palosuo, Iwan Supit, Katharina Waha, Giacomo De Sanctis, Kurt Christian Kersebaum, Soora Naresh Kumar, Gerrit Hoogenboom, Dominique Ripoche, Pierre Stratonovitch, Ann-Kristin Koehler, Roberto C. Izaurralde, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (Australia), Chinese Academy of Sciences, China Scholarship Council, Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (France), European Commission, International Food Policy Research Institute (US), CGIAR (France), Department of Agriculture (US), Federal Ministry of Education and Research (Germany), Deutsche Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit, Danish Council for Strategic Research, Federal Ministry of Food and Agriculture (Germany), Finnish Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry, National Natural Science Foundation of China, Helmholtz Association, Grains Research and Development Corporation (Australia), Texas AgriLife Research, Texas A&M University, National Institute of Food and Agriculture (US), CSIRO, Écophysiologie des Plantes sous Stress environnementaux (LEPSE), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, Institute of Crop Science and Resource Conservation, Division of Plant Nutrition-University of Bonn, Institute of Landscape Systems Analysis, Leibniz-Zentrum für Agrarlandschaftsforschung = Leibniz Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research (ZALF), Department of Crop Sciences, University of Goettingen, Centre of Biodiversity and Sustainable Land Use (CBL), United States Department of Agriculture - Agricultural Research Service, The School of Plant Sciences, University of Arizona, Global Wheat Program, International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT), CGIAR Research Program on Climate Change, Agriculture and Food Security (CCAFS), Washington State University (WSU), Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences and W.K. Kellogg Biological Station, Michigan State University [East Lansing], Michigan State University System-Michigan State University System, Institute of Biochemical Plant Pathology (BIOP), German Research Center for Environmental Health - Helmholtz Center München (GmbH), Agricultural and Biological Engineering Department, Purdue University [West Lafayette], Institute for Climate and Atmospheric Science [Leeds] (ICAS), School of Earth and Environment [Leeds] (SEE), University of Leeds-University of Leeds, GMO Unit, European Food Safety Authority = Autorité européenne de sécurité des aliments, Cantabrian Agricultural Research and Training Centre, Dep. Agronomia, University of Córdoba [Córdoba], Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), Institute of Soil Science and Land Evaluation, University of Hohenheim, Department of Plant Agriculture, University of Guelph, Department of Geographical Sciences, University of Maryland [College Park], University of Maryland System-University of Maryland System, Texas A&M AgriLife Research and Extension Center, Texas A&M University System, Department of Agroecology, Aarhus University [Aarhus], National Engineering and Technology Center for Information Agriculture, Nanjing Agricutural University, Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research (PIK), Centre for Environment Science and Climate Resilient Agriculture (CESCRA), Indian Agricultural Research Institute (IARI), Department of Economic Development, Department of Economic Development, Jobs, Transport and Resources (DEDJTR), Natural Resources Institute Finland, Institute of Crop Science and Resource Conservation (INRES), Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, UE Agroclim (UE AGROCLIM), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), NASA Goddard Institute for Space Studies (GISS), NASA Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), Computational and Systems Biology Department, Rothamsted Research, Biological Systems Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, PPS and WSG &CALM, Wageningen University and Research Center (WUR), Institute of Geographical Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences [Beijing] (CAS), Agriculture and Food, Universidad de La Rioja (UR), UMR : AGroécologie, Innovations, TeRritoires, Ecole Nationale Supérieure Agronomique de Toulouse, China Agricultural University, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation [Canberra] (CSIRO), Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro), China Agricultural University (CAU), Institute of Crop Science and Resource Conservation [Bonn], Georg-August-University [Göttingen], Arid-Land Agricultural Research Center, Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research [CGIAR] (CGIAR)-Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research [CGIAR] (CGIAR), CGIAR Research Program on Climate Change, Agriculture and Food Security (CCAFS), Department of Agricultural and Biological Engineering [Gainesville] (UF|ABE), Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences [Gainesville] (UF|IFAS), University of Florida [Gainesville] (UF)-University of Florida [Gainesville] (UF), University of Leeds, European Food Safety Authority (EFSA), Catabrian Agricultural Research and Training Center (CIFA), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Madrid] (CSIC), AgWeatherNet Program, Texas A and M AgriLife Research, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production, Landscape and Water Sciences, Natural Resources Institute Finland (LUKE), Agroclim (AGROCLIM), Wageningen University and Research [Wageningen] (WUR), Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), AGroécologie, Innovations, teRritoires (AGIR), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, European Project: 267196,EC:FP7:PEOPLE,FP7-PEOPLE-2010-COFUND,AGREENSKILLS(2012), Écophysiologie des Plantes sous Stress environnementaux ( LEPSE ), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique ( INRA ) -Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques ( Montpellier SupAgro ) -Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier ( Montpellier SupAgro ), Leibniz Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research, International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center ( CIMMYT ), CGIAR Research Program on Climate Change, Agriculture and Food Security ( CCAFS ), Washington State University ( WSU ), Michigan State University, Institute of Biochemical Plant Pathology ( BIOP ), Institute for Climate and Atmospheric Science, School of Earth and Environment, European Food Safety Authority, Spanish National Research Council ( CSIC ), Texas A and M University ( TAMU ), Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research ( PIK ), Centre for Environment Science and Climate Resilient Agriculture ( CESCRA ), Indian Agricultural Research Institute ( IARI ), Department of Economic Development, Jobs, Transport and Resources ( DEDJTR ), University of Bonn (Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms), UE Agroclim ( UE AGROCLIM ), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique ( INRA ), NASA Goddard Institute for Space Studies ( GISS ), NASA Goddard Space Flight Center ( GSFC ), University of Wisconsin-Madison [Madison], Wageningen University and Research Center ( WUR ), Chinese Academy of Sciences [Beijing] ( CAS ), Universidad de La Rioja ( UR ), University of Bonn-Division of Plant Nutrition, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), USDA-ARS : Agricultural Research Service, Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research [CGIAR]-Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research [CGIAR], Natural resources institute Finland, Georg-August-University = Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Universidad de Córdoba = University of Córdoba [Córdoba], Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council (BBSRC)-Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council (BBSRC), and Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)
Subjects: Crops, Agricultural, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Yield (finance), Water en Voedsel, Growing season, Climate change, klim, Plant Science, Agricultural engineering, Models, Biological, 01 natural sciences, [SHS]Humanities and Social Sciences, Crop, Life Science, Computer Simulation, Productivity, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, 2. Zero hunger, [ SDE.BE ] Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, WIMEK, Water and Food, Food security, business.industry, Crop yield, Temperature, Agriculture, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, 15. Life on land, Climate Resilience, Agronomy, Klimaatbestendigheid, 13. Climate action, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, 040103 agronomy & agriculture, 0401 agriculture, forestry, and fisheries, Environmental science, Water Systems and Global Change, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, business
Abstract: Increasing the accuracy of crop productivity estimates is a key element in planning adaptation strategies to ensure global food security under climate change. Process-based crop models are effective means to project climate impact on crop yield, but have large uncertainty in yield simulations. Here, we show that variations in the mathematical functions currently used to simulate temperature responses of physiological processes in 29 wheat models account for >50% of uncertainty in simulated grain yields for mean growing season temperatures from 14 °C to 33 °C. We derived a set of new temperature response functions that when substituted in four wheat models reduced the error in grain yield simulations across seven global sites with different temperature regimes by 19% to 50% (42% average). We anticipate the improved temperature responses to be a key step to improve modelling of crops under rising temperature and climate change, leading to higher skill of crop yield projections., E.W. acknowledges support from the CSIRO project ‘Enhanced modelling of genotype by environment interactions’ and the project ‘Advancing crop yield while reducing the use of water and nitrogen’ jointly funded by CSIRO and the Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS). Z.Z. received a scholarship from the China Scholarship Council through the CSIRO and the Chinese Ministry of Education PhD Research Program. P.M., A.M. and D.R. acknowledge support from the FACCE JPI MACSUR project (031A103B) through the metaprogram Adaptation of Agriculture and Forests to Climate Change (AAFCC) of the French National Institute for Agricultural Research (INRA). A.M. received the support of the EU in the framework of the Marie-Curie FP7 COFUND People Programme, through the award of an AgreenSkills fellowship under grant agreement No. PCOFUND-GA-2010-267196. S.A. and D.C. acknowledge support provided by the International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI), CGIAR Research Program on Climate Change, Agriculture and Food Security (CCAFS), the CGIAR Research Program on Wheat and the Wheat Initiative. C.S. was funded through USDA National Institute for Food and Agriculture award 32011-68002-30191. C.M. received financial support from the KULUNDA project (01LL0905 L) and the FACCE MACSUR project (031A103B) funded through the German Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF). F.E. received support from the FACCE MACSUR project (031A103B) funded through the German Federal Ministry of Education and Research (2812ERA115) and E.E.R. was funded through the German Federal Ministry of Economic Cooperation and Development (Project: PARI). M.J. and J.E.O. were funded through the FACCE MACSUR project by the Danish Strategic Research Council. K.C.K. and C.N. were funded by the FACCE MACSUR project through the German Federal Ministry of Food and Agriculture (BMEL). F.T., T.P. and R.P.R. received financial support from the FACCE MACSUR project funded through the Finnish Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry (MMM); F.T. was also funded through the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 41071030). C.B. was funded through the Helmholtz project ‘REKLIM-Regional Climate Change: Causes and Effects’ Topic 9: ‘Climate Change and Air Quality’. M.P.R. and PD.A. received funding from the CGIAR Research Program on Climate Change, Agriculture, and Food Security (CCAFS). G.O'L. was funded through the Australian Grains Research and Development Corporation and the Department of Economic Development, Jobs, Transport and Resources Victoria, Australia. R.C.I. was funded by Texas AgriLife Research, Texas A&M University. B.B. was funded by USDA-NIFA Grant No: 2015-68007-23133.
Published: 2017

4. Similar estimates of temperature impacts on global wheat yield by three independent methods

Author: Frank Ewert, Jakarat Anothai, P. V. Vara Prasad, Davide Cammarano, Curtis D. Jones, Elias Fereres, Margarita Garcia-Vila, Soora Naresh Kumar, Eckart Priesack, Phillip D. Alderman, Andrew J. Challinor, Reimund P. Rötter, Alex C. Ruane, Christian Folberth, Gerrit Hoogenboom, Pierre Martre, Roberto C. Izaurralde, Fulu Tao, Pramod K. Aggarwal, Mohamed Jabloun, Jordi Doltra, Joshua Elliott, Christoph Müller, Bing Liu, Iurii Shcherbak, Jeffrey W. White, Bruno Basso, Senthold Asseng, Pierre Stratonovitch, Peter J. Thorburn, Claas Nendel, Taru Palosuo, Joost Wolf, Ann-Kristin Koehler, Thilo Streck, Jørgen E. Olesen, David B. Lobell, Kurt Christian Kersebaum, Delphine Deryng, L. A. Hunt, Garry O'Leary, Katharina Waha, Giacomo De Sanctis, Daniel Wallach, Yan Zhu, James W. Jones, Elke Stehfest, Mikhail A. Semenov, Christian Biernath, Claudio O. Stöckle, Thomas A. M. Pugh, Matthew P. Reynolds, Enli Wang, Bruce A. Kimball, Erwin Schmid, Iwan Supit, Zhigan Zhao, Michael J. Ottman, Sebastian Gayler, Cynthia Rosenzweig, Ehsan Eyshi Rezaei, Gerard W. Wall, National Engineering and Technology Center for Information Agriculture, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Information Agriculture, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production, Nanjing Agricutural University, Department of Agricultural and Biological Engineering [Gainesville] (UF|ABE), Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences [Gainesville] (UF|IFAS), University of Florida [Gainesville] (UF)-University of Florida [Gainesville] (UF), Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research (PIK), Institute of Crop Science and Resource Conservation [Bonn] (INRES), Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, Leibniz-Zentrum für Agrarlandschaftsforschung (ZALF), Leibniz Association, Center for Climate Systems Research [New York] (CCSR), Columbia University [New York], Computation Institute, Loyola University of Chicago, Department of Environmental Earth System Science and Center on Food Security and the Environment, Stanford University, Génétique Diversité et Ecophysiologie des Céréales (GDEC), Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand 2 (UBP)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), NASA Goddard Institute for Space Studies (GISS), NASA Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), AGroécologie, Innovations, teRritoires (AGIR), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, CGIAR Research Program on Climate Change, Agriculture and Food Security, Borlaug Institute for South Asia, CIMMYT, Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research (CGIAR), Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, Mississippi State University [Mississippi], Department of Plant Science, Faculty of Natural Resources, Prince of Songkla University (PSU), Department of Geological Sciences, University of Oregon [Eugene], W. K. Kellogg Biological Station (KBS), Michigan State University [East Lansing], Michigan State University System-Michigan State University System, Institute of Soil Ecology [Neuherberg] (IBOE), Helmholtz-Zentrum München (HZM), The James Hutton Institute, Institute for Climate and Atmospheric Science [Leeds] (ICAS), School of Earth and Environment [Leeds] (SEE), University of Leeds-University of Leeds, CGIAR-ESSP Program on Climate Change, Agriculture and Food Security, International Center for Tropical Agriculture, European Commission - Joint Research Centre [Ispra] (JRC), Cantabrian Agricultural Research and Training Centre, Department of Agronomy, Purdue University [West Lafayette], Department of Geography, University of Liverpool, Ecosystem Services and Management Program, International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis (IIASA), Institute of Soil Science and Land Evaluation, University of Hohenheim, AgWeatherNet Program, Washington State University (WSU), Department of Plant Agriculture, University of Guelph, Department of Geographical Sciences, University of Maryland [College Park], University of Maryland System-University of Maryland System, Texas A and M AgriLife Research, Texas A&M University System, Department of Agroecology, Aarhus University [Aarhus], US Arid-Land Agricultural Research Center, United States Department of Agriculture, Centre for Environment Science and Climate Resilient Agriculture (CESCRA), Indian Agricultural Research Institute (IARI), Institute of Landscape Systems Analysis, Leibniz Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research, Landscape & Water Sciences, Department of Environment of Victoria, The School of Plant Sciences, University of Arizona, Natural resources institute Finland, Institute of Ecology, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Institut für Meteorologie und Klimaforschung - Atmosphärische Umweltforschung (IMK-IFU), Karlsruher Institut für Technologie (KIT), School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences [Birmingham], University of Birmingham [Birmingham], Birmingham Institute of Forest Research (BIFoR), International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT), Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research [CGIAR] (CGIAR), Center for Development Research (ZEF), Environmental Impacts Group, Georg-August-University [Göttingen], Universität für Bodenkultur Wien [Vienne, Autriche] (BOKU), Computational and Systems Biology Department, Rothamsted Research, Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council, Netherlands Environmental Assessment Agency, Department of Biological Systems Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, PPS, WSG and CALM, Wageningen University and Research [Wageningen] (WUR), Institute of Geographical Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences [Beijing] (CAS), Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation [Canberra] (CSIRO), USDA-ARS, Arid-Land Agricultural Research Center, China Agricultural University (CAU), National High-Tech Research and Development Program of China (2013AA100404), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (31271616, 31611130182, 41571088 and 31561143003), the National Research Foundation for the Doctoral Program of Higher Education of China (20120097110042), the Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions (PAPD), China Scholarship Council., IFPRI through the Global Futures and Strategic Foresight project, the CGIAR Research Program on Climate Change, Agriculture and Food Security (CCAFS), the CGIAR Research Program on Wheat, the Agricultural Model Intercomparison and Improvement Project (AgMIP), Agricultural & Biological Engineering Department, University of Florida [Gainesville], Institute of Crop Science and Resource Conservation, University of Bonn-Division of Plant Nutrition, Stanford University [Stanford], Écophysiologie des Plantes sous Stress environnementaux (LEPSE), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), UMR : AGroécologie, Innovations, TeRritoires, Ecole Nationale Supérieure Agronomique de Toulouse, Prince of Songkla University, Texas A&M AgriLife Research and Extension Center, Natural Resources Institute Finland, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Wageningen University and Research Center (WUR), China Agricultural University, Division of Plant Nutrition-University of Bonn, Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro), University of Florida, Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research ( PIK ), Leibniz Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research, Institute for Landscape Biogeochemistry, Center for Climate Systems Research [New York] ( CCSR ), Écophysiologie des Plantes sous Stress environnementaux ( LEPSE ), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique ( INRA ) -Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques ( Montpellier SupAgro ) -Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier ( Montpellier SupAgro ), NASA Goddard Institute for Space Studies ( GISS ), NASA Goddard Space Flight Center ( GSFC ), Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research ( CGIAR ), W.K. Kellogg Biological Station, Institute of Soil Ecology [Neuherberg] ( IBOE ), Helmholtz-Zentrum München ( HZM ), James Hutton Institute, Institute for Climate and Atmospheric Science, School of Earth and Environment, University of Leeds, European Commission - Joint Research Centre [Ispra] ( JRC ), International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis ( IIASA ), Washington State University ( WSU ), Texas A and M University ( TAMU ), Leibniz Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research (ZALF), Centre for Environment Science and Climate Resilient Agriculture ( CESCRA ), Indian Agricultural Research Institute ( IARI ), Institut für Meteorologie und Klimaforschung - Atmosphärische Umweltforschung ( IMK-IFU ), Karlsruher Institut für Technologie ( KIT ), School of Geography, Earth & Environmental Science and Birmingham Institute of Forest Research, University of Birmingham, International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center ( CIMMYT ), Bonn Universität [Bonn], University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison [Madison], Wageningen University and Research Center ( WUR ), Chinese Academy of Sciences [Beijing] ( CAS ), Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand 2 (UBP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT), Helmholtz Zentrum München = German Research Center for Environmental Health, Natural Resources Institute Finland (LUKE), Georg-August-University = Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Universität für Bodenkultur Wien = University of Natural Resources and Life [Vienne, Autriche] (BOKU), Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council (BBSRC), and Institute of geographical sciences and natural resources research [CAS] (IGSNRR)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, [SDV.SA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences, [ SDV.BV ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology, régression statistique, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, impact sur le rendement, klim, Atmospheric sciences, 01 natural sciences, incertitude, wheat, uncertainty, [ SDV.SA ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences, 2. Zero hunger, changement climatique, Regression analysis, statistical regression, simulation, PE&RC, [ SDE.MCG ] Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, sécurité alimentaire, Plant Production Systems, modèle de récolte, Yield (finance), comparaison de modèles, [SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, Climate change, Environmental Science (miscellaneous), Earth System Science, blé, température, Life Science, [SDV.BV]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology, réchauffement climatique, global change, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Hydrology, WIMEK, Global temperature, business.industry, Crop yield, Global warming, Climate Resilience, 13. Climate action, Agriculture, Klimaatbestendigheid, Plantaardige Productiesystemen, Environmental science, Leerstoelgroep Aardsysteemkunde, Climate model, business, Social Sciences (miscellaneous), 010606 plant biology & botany
Abstract: The potential impact of global temperature change on global crop yield has recently been assessed with different methods. Here we show that grid-based and point-based simulations and statistical regressions (from historic records), without deliberate adaptation or CO2 fertilization effects, produce similar estimates of temperature impact on wheat yields at global and national scales. With a 1 °C global temperature increase, global wheat yield is projected to decline between 4.1% and 6.4%. Projected relative temperature impacts from different methods were similar for major wheat-producing countries China, India, USA and France, but less so for Russia. Point-based and grid-based simulations, and to some extent the statistical regressions, were consistent in projecting that warmer regions are likely to suffer more yield loss with increasing temperature than cooler regions. By forming a multi-method ensemble, it was possible to quantify ‘method uncertainty’ in addition to model uncertainty. This significantly improves confidence in estimates of climate impacts on global food security. The potential impact of global temperature change on global crop yield has recently been assessed with different methods. Here we show that grid-based and point-based simulations and statistical regressions (from historic records), without deliberate adaptation or CO2 fertilization effects, produce similar estimates of temperature impact on wheat yields at global and national scales. With a 1 °C global temperature increase, global wheat yield is projected to decline between 4.1% and 6.4%. Projected relative temperature impacts from different methods were similar for major wheat-producing countries China, India, USA and France, but less so for Russia. Point-based and grid-based simulations, and to some extent the statistical regressions, were consistent in projecting that warmer regions are likely to suffer more yield loss with increasing temperature than cooler regions. By forming a multi-method ensemble, it was possible to quantify ‘method uncertainty’ in addition to model uncertainty. This significantly improves confidence in estimates of climate impacts on global food security.
Published: 2016

5. RhizoTubes as a new tool for high throughput imaging of plant root development and architecture: test, comparison with pot grown plants and validation

Author: Hoai Nam Truong, Marion Prudent, Virginie Bourion, Christophe Baussard, Mickael Lamboeuf, Simeng Han, Barbara Pivato, Daniel Wipf, Sophie Trouvelot, Frédéric Cointault, Anne-Sophie Voisin, Céline Bernard, Marielle Adrian, Hughes Busset, Delphine Moreau, Christophe Salon, Eric Bernaud, Christian Jeudy, Llorenç Cabrera-Bosquet, Vanessa Vernoud, Agroécologie [Dijon], Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Bourgogne (UB)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement, Inoviaflow, Écophysiologie des Plantes sous Stress environnementaux (LEPSE), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), National Research Agency and the 'Programme d’Investissements d’Avenir' (PIA) (ANR-11-INBS-0012), Phenome-FPPN, Inra EA et INRA BAP, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), ANR-11-INBS-0012,PHENOME,Centre français de phénomique végétale(2011), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique ( INRA ) -Université de Bourgogne ( UB ) -AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement, Écophysiologie des Plantes sous Stress environnementaux ( LEPSE ), and Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques ( Montpellier SupAgro ) -Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique ( INRA ) -Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier ( Montpellier SupAgro )
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, 0301 basic medicine, [ SDV.BV ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology, Root system, Plant Science, Growth, Nitrogen availability, root architecture, 01 natural sciences, Sativum, architecture racinaire, pisum sativum, 2. Zero hunger, Abiotic component, Rhizosphere, Vegetal Biology, Plant–microorganism interactions, medicago truncatula, plateforme de phénotypage, Phenotyping, Shoot, interaction plante microorganisme, Biotechnology, abiotic stress, High-throughput, Biology, rhizotron, brassica napus, 03 medical and health sciences, Plant roots, vitis vinifera, RhizoCab, Genetics, [SDV.BV]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology, triticum aestivum, stress abiotique, Drought, Abiotic stress, Rhizotron, Methodology, Image acquisition, 15. Life on land, RhizoTubes, 030104 developmental biology, vulpia, Agronomy, peas, acquisition d'image, Weed, Biologie végétale, 010606 plant biology & botany
Abstract: Background In order to maintain high yields while saving water and preserving non-renewable resources and thus limiting the use of chemical fertilizer, it is crucial to select plants with more efficient root systems. This could be achieved through an optimization of both root architecture and root uptake ability and/or through the improvement of positive plant interactions with microorganisms in the rhizosphere. The development of devices suitable for high-throughput phenotyping of root structures remains a major bottleneck. Results Rhizotrons suitable for plant growth in controlled conditions and non-invasive image acquisition of plant shoot and root systems (RhizoTubes) are described. These RhizoTubes allow growing one to six plants simultaneously, having a maximum height of 1.1 m, up to 8 weeks, depending on plant species. Both shoot and root compartment can be imaged automatically and non-destructively throughout the experiment thanks to an imaging cabin (RhizoCab). RhizoCab contains robots and imaging equipment for obtaining high-resolution pictures of plant roots. Using this versatile experimental setup, we illustrate how some morphometric root traits can be determined for various species including model (Medicago truncatula), crops (Pisum sativum, Brassica napus, Vitis vinifera, Triticum aestivum) and weed (Vulpia myuros) species grown under non-limiting conditions or submitted to various abiotic and biotic constraints. The measurement of the root phenotypic traits using this system was compared to that obtained using “classic” growth conditions in pots. Conclusions This integrated system, to include 1200 Rhizotubes, will allow high-throughput phenotyping of plant shoots and roots under various abiotic and biotic environmental conditions. Our system allows an easy visualization or extraction of roots and measurement of root traits for high-throughput or kinetic analyses. The utility of this system for studying root system architecture will greatly facilitate the identification of genetic and environmental determinants of key root traits involved in crop responses to stresses, including interactions with soil microorganisms.
Published: 2016

6. Multi-wheat-model ensemble responses to interannual climate variability

Author: Carlos Angulo, Frank Ewert, Tom M. Osborne, Pramod K. Aggarwal, Senthold Asseng, Pasquale Steduto, Kurt Christian Kersebaum, Eckart Priesack, Patrick Bertuzzi, Roberto C. Izaurralde, Dominique Ripoche, Thilo Streck, Joost Wolf, Pierre Stratonovitch, Alex C. Ruane, Richard Goldberg, Robert F. Grant, Taru Palosuo, Iurii Shcherbak, Kenneth J. Boote, Christian Biernath, Garry O'Leary, J. Hooker, Peter J. Thorburn, Joachim Ingwersen, Soora Naresh Kumar, Lee Heng, Maria I. Travasso, Pierre Martre, Katharina Waha, Nicholas I. Hudson, Claas Nendel, Fulu Tao, Christoph Müller, Andrew J. Challinor, Jørgen E. Olesen, Reimund P. Rötter, Davide Camarrano, L. A. Hunt, Sebastian Gayler, Nadine Brisson, Daniel Wallach, Mikhail A. Semenov, Claudio O. Stöckle, Iwan Supit, Jordi Doltra, Jeffrey W. White, Bruno Basso, NASA Goddard Institute for Space Studies (GISS), NASA Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), Center for Climate Systems Research [New York] (CCSR), Columbia University [New York], Agricultural & Biological Engineering Department, University of Florida [Gainesville], The James Hutton Institute, Institute of Crop Science and Resource Conservation, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, Leibniz-Zentrum für Agrarlandschaftsforschung (ZALF), Leibniz Association, Écophysiologie des Plantes sous Stress environnementaux (LEPSE), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Génétique Diversité et Ecophysiologie des Céréales (GDEC), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand 2 (UBP), Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation [Canberra] (CSIRO), Research Program on Climate Change, Agriculture and Food Security, International Water Management Institute, International Water Management Institute, Department of Geological Sciences and W. K. Kellogg Biological Station, Michigan State University [East Lansing], Michigan State University System-Michigan State University System, UE Agroclim (UE AGROCLIM), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Institute of Biochemical Plant Pathology, German Research Center for Environmental Health - Helmholtz Center München (GmbH), Agronomie, AgroParisTech-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Institute for Climate and Atmospheric Science [Leeds] (ICAS), School of Earth and Environment [Leeds] (SEE), University of Leeds-University of Leeds, CGIAR-ESSP Program on Climate Change, Agriculture and Food Security, International Center for Tropical Agriculture, Cantabrian Agricultural Research and Training Centre, Institute of Soil Science and Land Evaluation, University of Hohenheim, Department of Renewable Resources, University of Alberta, International Atomic Energy Agency [Vienna] (IAEA), School of Agriculture, Policy and Development, University of Reading (UOR), Department of Plant Agriculture, University of Guelph, Department of Geographical Sciences, University of Maryland [College Park], University of Maryland System-University of Maryland System, Centre for Environment Science and Climate Resilient Agriculture (CESCRA), Indian Agricultural Research Institute (IARI), Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research (PIK), Landscape & Water Sciences, Department of Environment of Victoria, Department of Agroecology, Aarhus University, National Centre for Atmospheric Science, Department of Meteorology, Environmental Impacts Group, Natural Resources Institute Finland, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Computational and Systems Biology Department, Rothamsted Research, Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council, Institute for Future Environments, Queensland University of Technology, Food and Agriculture Organization, Biological Systems Engineering, Washington State University (WSU), Earth System Science-Climate Change and Adaptive Land-use and Water Management, Wageningen University and Research Center (WUR), Institute of Geographical Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences [Changchun Branch] (CAS), Institute for Climate and Water [Castelnar], Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA), UMR : AGroécologie, Innovations, TeRritoires, Ecole Nationale Supérieure Agronomique de Toulouse, USDA-ARS, Arid-Land Agricultural Research Center, United States Department of Agriculture, Plant Production Systems, Modelling European Agriculture with Climate Change for Food Security (MACSUR), JPI FACCE, Department of Agricultural and Biological Engineering [Gainesville] (UF|ABE), Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences [Gainesville] (UF|IFAS), University of Florida [Gainesville] (UF)-University of Florida [Gainesville] (UF), Institute of Crop Science and Resource Conservation [Bonn], Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), Agroclim (AGROCLIM), Aarhus University [Aarhus], Natural resources institute Finland, Georg-August-University [Göttingen], Wageningen University and Research [Wageningen] (WUR), AGroécologie, Innovations, teRritoires (AGIR), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-AgroParisTech, Natural Resources Institute Finland (LUKE), Georg-August-University = Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council (BBSRC), Queensland University of Technology [Brisbane] (QUT), Institute of geographical sciences and natural resources research [CAS] (IGSNRR), Chinese Academy of Sciences [Beijing] (CAS), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT), USDA Agricultural Research Service [Maricopa, AZ] (USDA), United States Department of Agriculture (USDA), NASA Goddard Institute for Space Studies ( GISS ), NASA Goddard Space Flight Center ( GSFC ), Center for Climate Systems Research [New York] ( CCSR ), University of Florida, University of Bonn (Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms), Leibniz Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research (ZALF), Écophysiologie des Plantes sous Stress environnementaux ( LEPSE ), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique ( INRA ) -Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques ( Montpellier SupAgro ) -Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier ( Montpellier SupAgro ), Génétique Diversité et Ecophysiologie des Céréales ( GDEC ), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique ( INRA ) -Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand 2 ( UBP ), Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation, Department of Geological Sciences and Kellogg Biological Station, Michigan State University, UE Agroclim ( UE AGROCLIM ), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique ( INRA ), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique ( INRA ) -AgroParisTech, Institute for Climate and Atmospheric Science, School of Earth and Environment, University of Leeds, International Atomic Energy Agency [Vienna] ( IAEA ), University of Reading ( UOR ), University of Maryland, Centre for Environment Science and Climate Resilient Agriculture ( CESCRA ), Indian Agricultural Research Institute ( IARI ), Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research ( PIK ), Washington State University ( WSU ), Wageningen University and Research Center ( WUR ), Chinese Academy of Sciences [Changchun Branch] ( CAS ), Institute for Climate and Water, and Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria
Subjects: [SDV.SA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences, Temperature sensitivity, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Precipitation, 01 natural sciences, modèle de croissance, wheat, uncertainty, [ SDV.SA ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences, climate impacts, 2. Zero hunger, Multi-model ensemble, changement climatique, Ecological Modeling, Temperature, Uncertainty, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, PE&RC, Plant Production Systems, Climatology, PRECIPITATION, Climate impacts, Environmental Engineering, interannual variability, Yield (finance), australie, variation interannuelle, Growing season, Climate change, multi-model ensemble, Earth System Science, Interannual variability, blé, température, pays bas, global change, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, [ SDE.BE ] Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, WIMEK, précipitation, business.industry, argentine, Simulation modeling, temperature, Global change, 15. Life on land, inde, Climate Resilience, 13. Climate action, Agriculture, Klimaatbestendigheid, Plantaardige Productiesystemen, 040103 agronomy & agriculture, AgMIP, 0401 agriculture, forestry, and fisheries, Environmental science, Leerstoelgroep Aardsysteemkunde, Crop modeling, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, business, Software
Abstract: We compare 27 wheat models' yield responses to interannual climate variability, analyzed at locations in Argentina, Australia, India, and The Netherlands as part of the Agricultural Model Intercomparison and Improvement Project (AgMIP) Wheat Pilot. Each model simulated 1981-2010 grain yield, and we evaluate results against the interannual variability of growing season temperature, precipitation, and solar radiation. The amount of information used for calibration has only a minor effect on most models' climate response, and even small multi-model ensembles prove beneficial. Wheat model clusters reveal common characteristics of yield response to climate; however models rarely share the same cluster at all four sites indicating substantial independence. Only a weak relationship (R2???0.24) was found between the models' sensitivities to interannual temperature variability and their response to long-term warming, suggesting that additional processes differentiate climate change impacts from observed climate variability analogs and motivating continuing analysis and model development efforts. Compares interannual climate response of 27 wheat models at four locations.Calculates the diminishing return of constructing multi-model ensembles for assessment.Identifies similarities and major differences of model responses.Differentiates between interannual temperature sensitivity and climate change response.
Published: 2016

7. A structural equation model of soil metal bioavailability to earthworms: confronting causal theory and observations using a laboratory exposure to field-contaminated soils

Author: Léa Beaumelle, Mickaël Hedde, Denis Vile, Frédéric Gimbert, Isabelle Lamy, Franck Vandenbulcke, Ecologie fonctionnelle et écotoxicologie des agroécosystèmes (ECOSYS), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-AgroParisTech, Écophysiologie des Plantes sous Stress environnementaux (LEPSE), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Laboratoire de Génie Civil et Géo-Environnement (LGCgE) - ULR 4515 (LGCgE), Université d'Artois (UA)-Université de Lille-Ecole nationale supérieure Mines-Télécom Lille Douai (IMT Lille Douai), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-JUNIA (JUNIA), Université catholique de Lille (UCL)-Université catholique de Lille (UCL), Laboratoire Chrono-environnement (UMR 6249) (LCE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC), ADEME, INRA-EA (Pi-vers project), platforme Biochem-Env (ANR-11-INBS-0001), Ecologie fonctionnelle et écotoxicologie des agroécosystèmes ( ECOSYS ), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique ( INRA ) -AgroParisTech, Écophysiologie des Plantes sous Stress environnementaux ( LEPSE ), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique ( INRA ) -Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques ( Montpellier SupAgro ) -Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier ( Montpellier SupAgro ), LGCg Laboratoire Génie Civil et géo-Environnement, Université de Lille, Laboratoire Chrono-environnement ( LCE ), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté ( UBFC ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Université de Franche-Comté ( UFC ), Laboratoire Chrono-environnement - UFC (UMR 6249) (LCE), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), Laboratoire Chrono-environnement - CNRS - UBFC (UMR 6249) (LCE), Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Franche-Comté (UFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC), Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), and Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)
Subjects: Environmental Engineering, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, lombricien, sol contamine, Biological Availability, chemistry.chemical_element, 010501 environmental sciences, Models, Biological, 01 natural sciences, Structural equation model, écotoxicité du sol, Environmental monitoring, Animals, Soil Pollutants, Environmental Chemistry, Ecotoxicology, Ecosystem, modélisation structurelle, modèle géochimique, Oligochaeta, earthworm, Waste Management and Disposal, [SDU.STU.AG]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Applied geology, sol agricole, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, 2. Zero hunger, biodisponibilité de l'ion métal, Cadmium, agricultural soil, biology, Earthworm, Aporrectodea caliginosa, biology.organism_classification, Pollution, Bioavailability, Zinc, Low dose, chemistry, Lead, 13. Climate action, Environmental chemistry, Soil water, Environmental Monitoring, [ SDU.STU.AG ] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Applied geology
Abstract: Structural equation models (SEM) are increasingly used in ecology as multivariate analysis that can represent theoretical variables and address complex sets of hypotheses. Here we demonstrate the interest of SEM in ecotoxicology, more precisely to test the three-step concept of metal bioavailability to earthworms. The SEM modeled the three-step causal chain between environmental availability, environmental bioavailability and toxicological bioavailability. In the model, each step is an unmeasured (latent) variable reflected by several observed variables. In an exposure experiment designed specifically to test this SEM for Cd, Pb and Zn, Aporrectodea caliginosa was exposed to 31 agricultural field-contaminated soils. Chemical and biological measurements used included CaC12-extractable metal concentrations in soils, free ion concentration in soil solution as predicted by a geochemical model, dissolved metal concentration as predicted by a semi-mechanistic model, internal metal concentrations in total earthworms and in subcellular fractions, and several biomarkers. The observations verified the causal definition of Cd and Pb bioavailability in the SEM, but not for Zn. Several indicators consistently reflected the hypothetical causal definition and could thus be pertinent measurements of Cd and Pb bioavailability to earthworm in field-contaminated soils. SEM highlights that the metals present in the soil solution and easily extractable are not the main source of available metals for earthworms. This study further highlights SEM as a powerful tool that can handle natural ecosystem complexity, thus participating to the paradigm change in ecotoxicology from a bottom-up to a top-down approach.
Published: 2016

8. The case for improving crop carbon sink strength or plasticity for a CO2-rich future

Author: Matthew J. Paul, Michaël Dingkuhn, Denis Fabre, Bertrand Muller, Xinyou Yin, Delphine Luquet, Amélioration génétique et adaptation des plantes méditerranéennes et tropicales (UMR AGAP), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Département Systèmes Biologiques (Cirad-BIOS), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad), Écophysiologie des Plantes sous Stress environnementaux (LEPSE), Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Wageningen University and Research [Wageningen] (WUR), Rothamsted Research, strategic funding from the Biotechnological Sciences Research Council of the UK, Designing Future Wheat Strategic Programme (BB/P016855/1), and CGIAR Research Program Rice (CRP-RICE)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, 0301 basic medicine, Crop Physiology, F60 - Physiologie et biochimie végétale, Plant Science, Biology, Photosynthesis, 01 natural sciences, Acclimatization, Sink (geography), 03 medical and health sciences, Life Science, [SDV.BV]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology, Domestication, Génie génétique, 2. Zero hunger, Abiotic component, [SDV.EE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment, geography, Phenotypic plasticity, geography.geographical_feature_category, Carbon sink, genetic engineering, Ideotype, 15. Life on land, PE&RC, Amélioration des plantes, source-sink interactions, séquestration du carbone, [SDV.BV.AP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology/Plant breeding, 030104 developmental biology, Agronomy, Atmospheric CO2, 010606 plant biology & botany
Abstract: Atmospheric CO2 concentration [CO2] has increased from 260 to 280 μmol mol−1 (level during crop domestication up to the industrial revolution) to currently 400 and will reach 550 μmol mol−1 by 2050. C3 crops are expected to benefit from elevated [CO2] (e-CO2) thanks to photosynthesis responsiveness to [CO2] but this may require greater sink capacity. We review recent literature on crop e-CO2 responses, related source-sink interactions, how abiotic stresses potentially interact, and prospects to improve e-CO2 response via breeding or genetic engineering. Several lines of evidence suggest that e-CO2 responsiveness is related either to sink intrinsic capacity or adaptive plasticity, for example, involving enhanced branching. Wild relatives and old cultivars mostly showed lower photosynthetic rates, less downward acclimation of photosynthesis to e-CO2 and responded strongly to e-CO2 due to greater phenotypic plasticity. While reverting to such archaic traits would be an inappropriate strategy for breeding, we argue that substantial enhancement of vegetative sink vigor, inflorescence size and/or number and root sinks will be necessary to fully benefit from e-CO2. Potential ideotype features based on enhanced sinks are discussed. The generic 'feast-famine' sugar signaling pathway may be suited to engineer sink strength tissue-specifically and stage-specifically and help validate ideotype concepts. Finally, we argue that models better accounting for acclimation to e-CO2 are needed to predict which trait combinations should be targeted by breeders for a CO2-rich world.
Published: 2020

9. A European perspective on opportunities and demands for field-based crop phenotyping

Author: Juan Manuel Herrera, Alison R. Bentley, Emilie J. Millet, Peter Lootens, Merlijn Morisse, Michela Janni, Francesco Cellini, Onno Muller, Darren M. Wells, Morten Lillemo, Sven Fahrner, Universiteit Gent = Ghent University (UGENT), University of Nottingham, UK (UON), Écophysiologie des Plantes sous Stress environnementaux (LEPSE), Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut Agro - Montpellier SupAgro, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), Wageningen University and Research [Wageningen] (WUR), Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH | Centre de recherche de Juliers, Helmholtz-Gemeinschaft = Helmholtz Association, Agenzia Lucana di Sviluppo e di Innovazione in Agricoltura (Alsia), Research Institute for Agricultural, Fisheries and Food (ILVO), Agroscope, International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT), Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research [CGIAR] (CGIAR), Istituto di Bioscienze e BioRisorse [Palermo] (IBBR), National Research Council of Italy | Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Istituto dei Materiali per l'Elettronica ed il Magnetismo [Genova] (IMEM-CNR), the Foundation for Research Levy on Agricultural Products (FFL), the Agricultural Agreement Research Fund (JA) in Norway through NFR grant grants 267806 and 320090, Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG, German Research Foundation) under Germany’s Excellence Strategy – EXC 2070 – 390732324., European Project: 739514,EMPHASIS-PREP, European Project: 731013 ,EPPN2020(2017), Universiteit Gent = Ghent University [Belgium] (UGENT), Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), and Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Phenotyping networks, IMPACT, Computer science, Soil Science, User requirements document, Wiskundige en Statistische Methoden - Biometris, 01 natural sciences, Field (computer science), Plant breeding, ISO-9000 CERTIFICATION, 03 medical and health sciences, Field based, PLANT, Mathematical and Statistical Methods - Biometris, 030304 developmental biology, 2. Zero hunger, 0303 health sciences, Food security, Perspective (graphical), Stakeholder, Biology and Life Sciences, 15. Life on land, Remote sensing, Plant phenotyping, Data science, [SDV.BV.AP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology/Plant breeding, Software deployment, ddc:640, Agronomy and Crop Science, 010606 plant biology & botany
Abstract: International audience; The challenges of securing future food security will require deployment of innovative technologies to accelerate crop production. Plant phenotyping methods have advanced significantly, spanning low-cost hand-held devices to large-scale satellite imaging. Field-based phenotyping aims to capture plant response to the environment, generating data that can be used to inform breeding and selection requirements. This in turn requires access to multiple representative locations and capacities for collecting useful information. In this paper we identify the current challenges in access to field phenotyping in multiple locations in Europe based on stakeholder feedback. We present a map of current infrastructure and propose opportunities for greater integration of existing facilities for meeting different user requirements. We also review the currently available technology and data requirements for effective multi-location field phenotyping and provide recommendations for ensuring future access and coordination. Taken together we provide an overview of the current status of European field phenotyping capabilities and provides a roadmap for their future use to support crop improvement. This provides a wider framework for the analysis and planning of field phenotyping activities for crop improvement worldwide.
Published: 2022

10. Genome-wide and comparative phylogenetic analysis of senescence-associated NAC transcription factors in sunflower (Helianthus annuus)

Author: Bengoa Luoni, Sofia A., Cenci, Alberto, Moschen, Sebastian, Nicosia, Salvador, Radonic, Laura M., Sabio, Julia, Garcia, Langlade, Nicolas B., Vile, Denis, Rovere, Cecilia Vazquez, Fernandez, Paula, Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA), Bioversity International [Montpellier], Bioversity International [Rome], Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research [CGIAR] (CGIAR)-Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research [CGIAR] (CGIAR), Laboratoire des Interactions Plantes Microbes Environnement (LIPME), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Écophysiologie des Plantes sous Stress environnementaux (LEPSE), Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), INTA PE 1131022, 1131043, ANPCyT Préstamo BID PICT 2012–0390, PICT 2014–0175, PIP CONICET PIP 11220120100262CO, Marie Curie IRSES Project DEANN (PIRSES-GA-2013-612583), CONICET, SUNRISE and Heliagen Project, and ANR-11-BTBR-0005,SUNRISE,Ressources génétiques de tournesol pour l'amélioration de la stabilité de production d'huile sous c(2011)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Leaves, Arabidopsis thaliana, Arabidopsis, QH426-470, Senescence, 01 natural sciences, 03 medical and health sciences, Leaf senescence, Factores de Transcripción, Gene Expression Regulation, Plant, [SDV.BBM.GTP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biochemistry, Molecular Biology/Genomics [q-bio.GN], Genetics, Girasol, Phylogeny, 030304 developmental biology, Plant Proteins, 2. Zero hunger, 0303 health sciences, Leaf Senescence, Research, High throughput phenotyping, Correction, food and beverages, Helianthus annuus, Phylogenetic Analysis, 15. Life on land, HaNAC001, Genética, Plant Senescence, Plant Leaves, Sunflower, Análisis Filogenético, NAC transcriptions factors, Avejentamiento, Hojas, Helianthus, TP248.13-248.65, 010606 plant biology & botany, Biotechnology, Transcription Factors
Abstract: Background: Leaf senescence delay impacts positively in grain yield by maintaining the photosynthetic area during the reproductive stage and during grain filling. Therefore a comprehensive understanding of the gene families associated with leaf senescence is essential. NAC transcription factors (TF) form a large plant-specific gene family involved in regulating development, senescence, and responses to biotic and abiotic stresses. The main goal of this work was to identify sunflower NAC TF (HaNAC) and their association with senescence, studying their orthologous to understand possible functional relationships between genes of different species. Results: To clarify the orthologous relationships, we used an in-depth comparative study of four divergent taxa, in dicots and monocots, with completely sequenced genomes (Arabidopsis thaliana, Vitis vinifera, Musa acuminata and Oryza sativa). These orthologous groups provide a curated resource for large scale protein sequence annotation of NAC TF. From the 151 HaNAC genes detected in the latest version of the sunflower genome, 50 genes were associated with senescence traits. These genes showed significant differential expression in two contrasting lines according to an RNAseq assay. An assessment of overexpressing the Arabidopsis line for HaNAC001 (a gene of the same orthologous group of Arabidopsis thaliana ORE1) revealed that this line displayed a significantly higher number of senescent leaves and a pronounced change in development rate. Conclusions: This finding suggests HaNAC001 as an interesting candidate to explore the molecular regulation of senescence in sunflower. Instituto de Biotecnología Fil: Bengoa Luoni, Sofia Ailin. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Instituto de Agrobiotecnología y Biología Molecular; Argentina. Fil: Cenci, Alberto. Bioversity International; Francia Fil: Moschen, Sebastian Nicolás. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Famaillá; Argentina. Fil: Nicosia, Salvador. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Instituto de Agrobiotecnología y Biología Molecular; Argentina. Fil: Radonic, Laura Mabel. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Instituto de Agrobiotecnología y Biología Molecular; Argentina. Fil: Sabio Y Garcia, Julia Veronica. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Instituto de Agrobiotecnología y Biología Molecular; Argentina Fil: Langlade, Nicolas B. Université de Toulouse. LIPM-INRA-CNRS; Francia Fil: Langlade, Nicolas B. Université de Montpellier. LEPSE; Francia Fil: Vazquez Rovere, Cecilia. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Instituto de Agrobiotecnología y Biología Molecular; Argentina Fil: Fernandez, Paula Del Carmen. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Instituto de Agrobiotecnología y Biología Molecular; Argentina.
Published: 2021

11. National-scale changes in crop diversity through the Anthropocene

Author: Marney E. Isaac, Denis Vile, Marc W. Cadotte, Rachel O. Mariani, Adam R. Martin, Cyrille Violle, University of Toronto [Scarborough, Canada], Écophysiologie des Plantes sous Stress environnementaux (LEPSE), Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Centre d’Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive (CEFE), Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UPVM)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Canada Foundation for Innovation, and the Ontario Research Fund., European Union and the Region Languedoc-Roussillon 'Chercheur d’Avenir' (FEDER FSE IEJ 2014–2020, Grant Project 'APSEVIR')., University of Toronto Scarborough’s (UTSC) Vice Principal Research Office in support of UTSC’s Centre for Agroecosystems Research, European Project: 639706,H2020,ERC-2014-STG,CONSTRAINTS(2015), University of Toronto at Scarborough, Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut Agro - Montpellier SupAgro, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UPVM)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), and Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut Agro - Montpellier SupAgro
Subjects: [SDV.SA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences, Environmental change, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Science, 0211 other engineering and technologies, 02 engineering and technology, [SDV.BID]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biodiversity, 01 natural sciences, Article, Crop, 03 medical and health sciences, Anthropocene, 030304 developmental biology, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, 2. Zero hunger, 0303 health sciences, Multidisciplinary, Resistance (ecology), business.industry, Agroforestry, 021107 urban & regional planning, Biodiversity, Geography, Sustainability, Crop diversity, Agriculture, Medicine, Species evenness, Species richness, business, Agroecology
Abstract: Expansion of crops beyond their centres of domestication is a defining feature of the Anthropocene Epoch. This process has fundamentally altered the diversity of croplands, with likely consequences for the ecological functioning and socio-economic stability of agriculture under environmental change. While changes in crop diversity through the Anthropocene have been quantified at large spatial scales, the patterns, drivers, and consequences of change in crop diversity and biogeography at national-scales remains less explored. We use production data on 339 crops, grown in over 150 countries from 1961 to 2017, to quantify changes in country-level crop richness and evenness. Virtually all countries globally have experienced significant increases in crop richness since 1961, with the early 1980s marking a clear onset of a ~ 9-year period of increase in crop richness in countries worldwide. While these changes have increased the similarity of diversity of croplands among countries, only half of countries experienced increases in crop evenness through time. Ubiquitous increases in crop richness within nearly all countries between 1980 and 2000 are a unique biogeographical feature of the Anthropocene. At the same time, we detected opposing changes in crop evenness, and only modest signatures of increased homogenization of croplands among countries. Therefore context-dependent and, at least, national-scale assessments are needed to understand and predict how changes in crop diversity influence agricultural resistance and resilience to environmental change.
Published: 2021

12. VviPLATZ1 is a major factor that controls female flower morphology determination in grapevine

Author: Mark R. Thomas, Pat Iocco-Corena, Laurent Torregrosa, Harley M. S. Smith, Jamila Chaïb, Don Mackenzie, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation [Canberra] (CSIRO), HM. CLAUSE Iberica SA, Diversité, Adaptation et Amélioration de la Vigne [AGAP] (DAAV), Amélioration génétique et adaptation des plantes méditerranéennes et tropicales (UMR AGAP), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Écophysiologie des Plantes sous Stress environnementaux (LEPSE), Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Wine Australia (CSP 06/01), and CSIRO Agriculture and Food.
Subjects: Agricultural genetics, 0106 biological sciences, Genotype, Science, Dioecy, Stamen, General Physics and Astronomy, Flowers, Biology, 01 natural sciences, Article, General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology, Domestication, Magnoliopsida, Self incompatability, 03 medical and health sciences, Hermaphrodite, Gene Expression Regulation, Plant, [SDV.BBM.GTP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biochemistry, Molecular Biology/Genomics [q-bio.GN], [SDV.BV]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology, Vitis, Allele, Gene, Alleles, Plant Proteins, 030304 developmental biology, Gene Editing, Genetics, 0303 health sciences, Multidisciplinary, Reproduction, Homozygote, fungi, Plant morphogenesis, food and beverages, Cell Differentiation, General Chemistry, Mating system, Phenotype, DNA-Binding Proteins, Differentiation, 010606 plant biology & botany
Abstract: Plant genetic sex determinants that mediate the transition to dioecy are predicted to be diverse, as this type of mating system independently evolved multiple times in angiosperms. Wild Vitis species are dioecious with individuals producing morphologically distinct female or male flowers; whereas, modern domesticated Vitis vinifera cultivars form hermaphrodite flowers capable of self-pollination. Here, we identify the VviPLATZ1 transcription factor as a key candidate female flower morphology factor that localizes to the Vitis SEX-DETERMINING REGION. The expression pattern of this gene correlates with the formation reflex stamens, a prominent morphological phenotype of female flowers. After generating CRISPR/Cas9 gene-edited alleles in a hermaphrodite genotype, phenotype analysis shows that individual homozygous lines produce flowers with reflex stamens. Taken together, our results demonstrate that loss of VviPLATZ1 function is a major factor that controls female flower morphology in Vitis., Unlike wild Vitis species, which produce either female or male flowers, modern grapevine cultivars form hermaphrodite flowers for self-pollination. Here, the authors report that the VviPLATZ1 (plant AT-rich sequence-and zinc-binding protein1) transcription factor functions in controlling female flower morphology determination.
Published: 2021

13. Into the range: a latitudinal gradient or a center-margins differentiation of ecological strategies in Arabidopsis thaliana ?

Author: Denis Vile, François Vasseur, Justine Bresson, Aurélien Estarague, Stéphane Herbette, Cyrille Violle, Moises Exposito-Alonso, Denis Cornet, Grégory Beurier, Lauriane Rouan, Cristina C. Bastias, Kevin Sartori, Laboratoire de Physique et Physiologie Intégratives de l’Arbre en environnement Fluctuant (PIAF), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020]), Centre d’Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive (CEFE), Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UPVM)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut Agro - Montpellier SupAgro, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), Amélioration génétique et adaptation des plantes méditerranéennes et tropicales (UMR AGAP), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut Agro - Montpellier SupAgro, Stanford University, Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Université Clermont Auvergne (UCA), Écophysiologie des Plantes sous Stress environnementaux (LEPSE), Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut Agro - Montpellier SupAgro, European Project: 639706,H2020,ERC-2014-STG,CONSTRAINTS(2015), Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UPVM)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut Agro Montpellier, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Université de Montpellier (UM), Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut Agro Montpellier, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut Agro Montpellier, Département Systèmes Biologiques (Cirad-BIOS), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad), Carnegie Institution for Science, European Research Council (ERC) Starting Grant Project 'Ecophysiological and biophysical constraints on domestication in crop plants' (Grant ERC-StG-2014- 639706-CONSTRAINTS)., Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UPVM)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), and Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, plant trait-based ecology, Range (biology), Nitrogen, Acclimatization, Species distribution, Population, Arabidopsis, Plant Science, fuctionnal trait, Biology, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Intraspecific competition, 03 medical and health sciences, water stress, CSR strategies, interspecific variation, education, Macroecology, 030304 developmental biology, 0303 health sciences, Phenotypic plasticity, education.field_of_study, Ecology, Phenotypic trait, Original Articles, 15. Life on land, [SDV.BV.BOT]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology/Botanics, Adaptation, Physiological, Phenotype, phenotopic plasticity, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, Adaptation, performance, stress resistance-fecondity trade -off, 010606 plant biology & botany
Abstract: Background and Aims Determining within-species large-scale variation in phenotypic traits is central to elucidate the drivers of species’ ranges. Intraspecific comparisons offer the opportunity to understand how trade-offs and biogeographical history constrain adaptation to contrasted environmental conditions. Here we test whether functional traits, ecological strategies from the CSR scheme and phenotypic plasticity in response to abiotic stress vary along a latitudinal or a center- margins gradient within the native range of Arabidopsis thaliana. Methods We experimentally examined the phenotypic outcomes of plant adaptation at the center and margins of its geographic range using 30 accessions from southern, central and northern Europe. We characterized the variation of traits related to stress tolerance, resource use, colonization ability, CSR strategy scores, survival and fecundity in response to high temperature (34 °C) or frost (- 6 °C), combined with a water deficit treatment. Key Results We found evidence for both a latitudinal and a center-margins differentiation for the traits under scrutiny. Age at maturity, leaf dry matter content, specific leaf area and leaf nitrogen content varied along a latitudinal gradient. Northern accessions presented a greater survival to stress than central and southern accessions. Leaf area, C-scores, R-scores and fruit number followed a center-margins differentiation. Central accessions displayed a higher phenotypic plasticity than northern and southern accessions for most studied traits. Conclusions Traits related to an acquisitive/conservative resource-use trade-off followed a latitudinal gradient. Traits associated with a competition/colonization trade-off differentiated along the historic colonization of the distribution range and then followed a center-margins differentiation. Our findings pinpoint the need to consider the joint effect of evolutionary history and environmental factors when examining phenotypic variation across the distribution range of a species.
Published: 2021

14. Extreme lows of wheat production in Brazil

Author: Marijn van der Velde, Tamara Ben-Ari, Pierre Martre, Rogério de Souza Nóia Júnior, Frank Ewert, Heidi Webber, Alex C. Ruane, Robert Finger, Senthold Asseng, Technische Universität Munchen - Université Technique de Munich [Munich, Allemagne] (TUM), Écophysiologie des Plantes sous Stress environnementaux (LEPSE), Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Department of Management, Technology, and Economics [ETH Zürich] (D-MTEC), Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule - Swiss Federal Institute of Technology [Zürich] (ETH Zürich), European Commission - Joint Research Centre [Ispra] (JRC), Centre International de Recherche sur l'Environnement et le Développement (CIRED), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-AgroParisTech-École des Ponts ParisTech (ENPC)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Leibniz-Zentrum für Agrarlandschaftsforschung = Leibniz Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research (ZALF), Institut für Nutzpflanzenwissenschaften und Ressourcenschutz (INRES), Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, NASA Goddard Institute for Space Studies (GISS), NASA Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), and Technical University of Munich (TUM)
Subjects: 2. Zero hunger, [SDV.SA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences, 0303 health sciences, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment, Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, Climate change, 15. Life on land, 01 natural sciences, ddc, 03 medical and health sciences, Extreme weather, Geography, climate change, 13. Climate action, extreme weather, Climatology, food price and food security, Food price and food security, Production (economics), 030304 developmental biology, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, General Environmental Science
Abstract: Wheat production in Brazil is insufficient to meet domestic demand and falls drastically in response to adverse climate events. Multiple, agro-climate-specific regression models, quantifying regional production variability, were combined to estimate national production based on past climate, cropping area, trend-corrected yield, and national commodity prices. Projections with five CMIP6 climate change models suggest extremes of low wheat production historically occurring once every 20 years would become up to 90% frequent by the end of this century, depending on representative concentration pathway, magnified by wheat and in some cases by maize price fluctuations. Similar impacts can be expected for other crops and in other countries. This drastic increase in frequency in extreme low crop production with climate change will threaten Brazil's and many other countries progress toward food security and abolishing hunger. ISSN:1748-9326 ISSN:1748-9318
Published: 2021

15. Functional–Structural Plant Modeling Highlights How Diversity in Leaf Dimensions and Tillering Capability Could Promote the Efficiency of Wheat Cultivar Mixtures

Author: Emmanuelle Blanc, Pierre Barbillon, Christian Fournier, Christophe Lecarpentier, Christophe Pradal, Jérôme Enjalbert, Génétique Quantitative et Evolution - Le Moulon (Génétique Végétale) (GQE-Le Moulon), AgroParisTech-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Mathématiques et Informatique Appliquées (MIA-Paris), Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-AgroParisTech-Université Paris-Saclay, Écophysiologie des Plantes sous Stress environnementaux (LEPSE), Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Génétique Diversité et Ecophysiologie des Céréales (GDEC), Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Université Clermont Auvergne (UCA), Scientific Data Management (ZENITH), Laboratoire d'Informatique de Robotique et de Microélectronique de Montpellier (LIRMM), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Inria Sophia Antipolis - Méditerranée (CRISAM), Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria), Amélioration génétique et adaptation des plantes méditerranéennes et tropicales (UMR AGAP), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Département Systèmes Biologiques (Cirad-BIOS), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad), ANR-11-IDEX-0003,IPS,Idex Paris-Saclay(2011), ANR-20-PCPA-0006,MoBiDiv,Mobilizing and Breeding Intra and inter-specific crop Diversity for a systemic change towards pesticide-free agriculture(2020), Mathématiques et Informatique Appliquées (MIA Paris-Saclay), AgroParisTech-Université Paris-Saclay-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut Agro - Montpellier SupAgro, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Inria Sophia Antipolis - Méditerranée (CRISAM), and Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut Agro - Montpellier SupAgro
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Canopy, [SDV.SA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences, F08 - Systèmes et modes de culture, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Plant Science, Agricultural engineering, Performance de culture, 01 natural sciences, F50 - Anatomie et morphologie des plantes, SB1-1110, sensitivity analysis, Cultivar, functional traits, Original Research, Mathematics, 2. Zero hunger, competition for light, Tallage, U10 - Informatique, mathématiques et statistiques, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, tillering plasticity, Anatomie végétale, Diversification, Trait, Interception, Assembly rules, Triticum aestivum, Crop, aerial architecture, variety mixture, [SDV.BV]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology, Variété, Leaf area index, Morphologie végétale, Modélisation des cultures, Plant culture, 15. Life on land, [INFO.INFO-MO]Computer Science [cs]/Modeling and Simulation, 040103 agronomy & agriculture, 0401 agriculture, forestry, and fisheries, Cropping, 010606 plant biology & botany
Abstract: International audience; Increasing the cultivated diversity has been identified as a major leverage for the agroecological transition as it can help improve the resilience of low input cropping systems. For wheat, which is the most cultivated crop worldwide in terms of harvested area, the use of cultivar mixtures is spreading in several countries, but studies have seldom focused on establishing mixing rules based on plant architecture. Yet, the aerial architecture of plants and the overall canopy structure are critical for field performance as they greatly influence light interception, plant interactions and yield. The very high number of trait combinations in wheat mixtures makes it difficult to conduct experimentations on this issue, which is why a modeling approach appears to be an appropriate solution. In this study, we used WALTer, a functional structural plant model (FSPM), to simulate wheat cultivar mixtures and try to better understand how differences between cultivars in key traits of the aerial architecture influence mixture performance. We simulated balanced binary mixtures of cultivars differing for different critical plant traits: final height, leaf dimensions, leaf insertion angle and tillering capability. Our study highlights the impact of the leaf dimensions and the tillering capability on the performance of the simulated mixtures, which suggests that traits impacting the plants' leaf area index (LAI) have more influence on the performance of the stand than traits impacting the arrangement of the leaves. Our results show that the performance of mixtures is very variable depending on the values of the explored architectural traits. In particular, the best performances were achieved by mixing cultivars with different leaf dimensions and different tillering capability, which is in agreement with numerous studies linking the diversity of functional traits in plant communities to their productivity. However, some of the worst performances were also achieved by mixing varieties differing in their aerial architecture, which suggests that diversity is not a sufficient criterion to design efficient mixtures. Overall, these results highlight the importance of simulation-based explorations for establishing assembly rules to design efficient mixtures.
Published: 2021

16. Loïc Pagès, founding scientist in root ecology and modelling

Author: Barczi, Jean-François, Beroueg, Amira, Buck-Sorlin, Gerhard, Couvreur, Valentin, Danjon, Frédéric, Delory, Benjamin M., Doussan, Claude, de Swaef, Tom, Draye, Xavier, Drouet, Jean-Louis, Dupuy, Lionel, Garre, Sarah, Gérard, Frédéric, Heymans, Adrien, Hinsinger, Philippe, Javaux, Mathieu, Koch, Axelle, Landl, Magdalena, Lecompte, François, Daniel, Leitner, Lobet, Guillaume, Lynch, Jonathan, Martre, Pierre, Meredieu, Céline, Meunier, Felicien, Mollier, Alain, Muller, Bertrand, Nguyen, Christophe, Picon-Cochard, Catherine, Postma, Johannes A., Pradal, Christophe, Rees, Frédéric, Richard-Molard, Céline, Roose, Tiina, Saint-Cast, Clément, Schnepf, Andrea, Thaler, Philippe, Vanderborght, Jan, Wu, Lianhai, Zhou, Xiaoran, Botanique et Modélisation de l'Architecture des Plantes et des Végétations (UMR AMAP), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Unité de recherche Plantes et Systèmes de Culture Horticoles (PSH), Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Institut de Recherche en Horticulture et Semences (IRHS), Université d'Angers (UA)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-INSTITUT AGRO Agrocampus Ouest, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), Université Catholique de Louvain = Catholic University of Louvain (UCL), Biodiversité, Gènes & Communautés (BioGeCo), Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Leuphana University of Lüneburg, Environnement Méditerranéen et Modélisation des Agro-Hydrosystèmes (EMMAH), Avignon Université (AU)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Research Institute for Agricultural, Fisheries and Food (ILVO), Ecologie fonctionnelle et écotoxicologie des agroécosystèmes (ECOSYS), AgroParisTech-Université Paris-Saclay-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Ikerbasque - Basque Foundation for Science, Ecologie fonctionnelle et biogéochimie des sols et des agro-écosystèmes (UMR Eco&Sols), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut Agro - Montpellier SupAgro, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH | Centre de recherche de Juliers, Helmholtz-Gemeinschaft = Helmholtz Association, Simulationswerkstatt, Pennsylvania State University (Penn State), Penn State System, Écophysiologie des Plantes sous Stress environnementaux (LEPSE), Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut Agro - Montpellier SupAgro, Universiteit Gent = Ghent University (UGENT), Interactions Sol Plante Atmosphère (UMR ISPA), Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Sciences Agronomiques de Bordeaux-Aquitaine (Bordeaux Sciences Agro)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Unité Mixte de Recherche sur l'Ecosystème Prairial - UMR (UREP), VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Amélioration génétique et adaptation des plantes méditerranéennes et tropicales (UMR AGAP), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut Agro - Montpellier SupAgro, Département Systèmes Biologiques (Cirad-BIOS), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad), University of Southampton, Département Performances des systèmes de production et de transformation tropicaux (Cirad-PERSYST), Rothamsted Research, Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council (BBSRC), UCL - SST/ELI/ELIE - Environmental Sciences, and UCL - SST/ELI/ELIA - Agronomy
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, Plant Science, Genetics and Molecular Biology (miscellaneous), 01 natural sciences, Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (miscellaneous), Biochemistry, Modeling and Simulation, 040103 agronomy & agriculture, 0401 agriculture, forestry, and fisheries, ddc:004, Agronomy and Crop Science, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 010606 plant biology & botany
Abstract: Root system scientists strive to understand how a single root, emerging from a plant’s seed, can form a complex, dynamic and plastic network of thousands of individual roots. They investigate how such a network is ideally suited to perform a number of functions required for the harmonious development of the whole plant. Everyone in the community also knows how complicated it can be to study root systems, with tasks ranging from digging plants out of the soil, creating experimental set-ups that allow the observation of the roots, to quantifying the root network itself or the processes underlying its formation. Within the community, there is one person, Dr Loïc Pagès, who has been working on all these tasks for many years, and who has moved the field forward numerous times. On the occasion of his soon-to-be retirement, we would like to express our appreciation to him via this editorial.
Published: 2021

17. Different avenues for progress apply to drought tolerance, water use efficiency and yield in dry areas

Author: François Tardieu, Écophysiologie des Plantes sous Stress environnementaux (LEPSE), Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), ANR-10-BTBR-0001,AMAIZING,Développer de nouvelles variétés de maïs pour une agriculture durable: une approche intégrée de la génomique à la sélection(2010), ANR-11-INBS-0012,PHENOME,Centre français de phénomique végétale(2011), European Project: 731013 ,EPPN2020(2017), Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut Agro Montpellier, and Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Yield (finance), Drought tolerance, Biomedical Engineering, Bioengineering, Biology, 01 natural sciences, 03 medical and health sciences, Phenomics, [SDV.BBM.GTP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biochemistry, Molecular Biology/Genomics [q-bio.GN], Water-use efficiency, Sensu stricto, 030304 developmental biology, Transpiration, 2. Zero hunger, [SDV.EE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment, 0303 health sciences, Phenology, Water, 15. Life on land, Adaptation, Physiological, Conservative strategy, Droughts, Phenotype, Agronomy, 010606 plant biology & botany, Biotechnology
Abstract: International audience; Drought tolerance, water use efficiency (WUE) and yield in dry areas are often considered as synonyms. However, they correspond to markedly different suites of physiological mechanisms, based on combinations of alleles constrained by evolution into consistent strategies. Improving (i) drought tolerance, sensu stricto, involves extreme conservative strategy with protection and repair mechanisms; (ii) WUE most often results in small plants but avenues exist with lower penalties for growth, that is, by reducing night transpiration; (iii) yield for drought prone areas involves both constititutive traits (e.g. phenology or plant architecture), favourable for most environmental scenarios, and adaptive physiological traits whose effects suited to a given scenario. Genetic improvement of the latter would requires identification of scenario-dependent combinations of alleles, involving phenomics, modelling and genomic prediction.
Published: 2021

18. An exploration of the variability of physiological responses to soil drying in relation with C/N balance across three species of the under‐utilized genus Vigna

Author: Julie Guiguitant, Hélène Marrou, Martha Ramirez, Michel Edmond Ghanem, Thomas R. Sinclair, Denis Vile, Deepti Pradhan, Fonctionnement et conduite des systèmes de culture tropicaux et méditerranéens (UMR SYSTEM), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Centre International de Hautes Etudes Agronomiques Méditerranéennes - Institut Agronomique Méditerranéen de Montpellier (CIHEAM-IAMM), Centre International de Hautes Études Agronomiques Méditerranéennes (CIHEAM)-Centre International de Hautes Études Agronomiques Méditerranéennes (CIHEAM)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Écophysiologie des Plantes sous Stress environnementaux (LEPSE), Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Mohammed VI Polytechnic University [Marocco] (UM6P), AgroBioSciences, Université Mohammed VI Polytechnique, North Carolina State University [Raleigh] (NC State), University of North Carolina System (UNC), United States Department of Agriculture (USDA), This work has been funded with the support of the European Union through the Arimnet program and of the Occitanie Province in France awarding doctoral grant. The authors particularly acknowledge the French Academy of Agriculture for supporting travel expenses to the USA, awarding the Jean and Marie-Louise Dufresnoy Grant., European Project: 618127,EC:FP7:KBBE,FP7-ERANET-2013-RTD,ARIMNET2(2014), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Centre International de Hautes Etudes Agronomiques Méditerranéennes - Institut Agronomique Méditerranéen de Montpellier (CIHEAM-IAMM), Centre International de Hautes Études Agronomiques Méditerranéennes (CIHEAM)-Centre International de Hautes Études Agronomiques Méditerranéennes (CIHEAM)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut Agro - Montpellier SupAgro, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut Agro - Montpellier SupAgro, and Université Mohammed VI Polytechnique [Ben Guerir] (UM6P)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, 0301 basic medicine, leaf traits, Physiology, Radiata, Plant Science, 01 natural sciences, transpiration, Crop, Vigna, Soil, 03 medical and health sciences, Genus, Genetics, [SDV.BV]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology, Soil drying, Transpiration, 2. Zero hunger, biology, response to soil drying, Fabaceae, Cell Biology, General Medicine, 15. Life on land, biology.organism_classification, Droughts, Plant Leaves, 030104 developmental biology, Taxon, Agronomy, N fixation, 010606 plant biology & botany
Abstract: International audience; The genus Vigna (Fabaceae) is an agriculturally important taxon, which includes several crop species such as cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L), mung bean (Vigna radiata) and azuki bean (Vigna angularis). Most studies have focused on cowpea (Vigna unguiculata (L.) as a drought‐resistant crop, although insights on the mechanisms that confer this species the ability to grow in dry environment are still not fully resolved. The diversity of this rich genus has been overlooked in many physiological studies. This study explores the physiological mechanisms of response to soil drying (N2 fixation, transpiration rate and changes in C and N allocation) across three species of the Vigna genus: Vigna radiata, Vigna unguiculata, Vigna vexillata (tuber cowpea). A significant variability among the studied Vigna accessions was found for the threshold in decline of N2 fixation with soil drying. Less variability was observed in the transpiration threshold. Through the analysis of leaf traits variation under well‐watered and water‐deficit conditions, we were able to relate the variability in N2 fixation and transpiration response to C/N metabolism modifications resulting in different allocation of carbon and nitrogen to leaves under water deficit.
Published: 2021

19. Invited review: Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, agriculture, and food—A case of shifting cultivation and history

Author: Pete Smith, Pierre Martre, Stuart Mark Howden, Andrew J. Challinor, Christian Bugge Henriksen, John R. Porter, Fonctionnement et conduite des systèmes de culture tropicaux et méditerranéens (UMR SYSTEM), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Centre International de Hautes Etudes Agronomiques Méditerranéennes - Institut Agronomique Méditerranéen de Montpellier (CIHEAM-IAMM), Centre International de Hautes Études Agronomiques Méditerranéennes (CIHEAM)-Centre International de Hautes Études Agronomiques Méditerranéennes (CIHEAM)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg (GU), University of Leeds, Climate Change Institute at the Australian National University, Australian National University (ANU), Écophysiologie des Plantes sous Stress environnementaux (LEPSE), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institute of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Aberdeen, and Agropolis Fondation
Subjects: [SDV.SA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences, Crops, Agricultural, 0106 biological sciences, Livestock, Mitigation policy, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Natural resource economics, [SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, Climate Change, Climate change, adaptation, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Food Supply, mitigation, Shifting cultivation, Animals, Humans, Environmental Chemistry, Adaptation, SolACEWP1, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, General Environmental Science, 2. Zero hunger, Global and Planetary Change, Food security, Ecology, IPCC, business.industry, Agriculture, food security, 15. Life on land, Impact, climate change, Geography, 13. Climate action, impact, Food processing, business, Working group, [SDV.AEN]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Food and Nutrition, policy
Abstract: International audience; Since 1990, the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) has produced five Assessment Reports (ARs), in which agriculture as the production of food for humans via crops and livestock have featured in one form or another. A constructed database of the ca. 2,100 cited experiments and simulations in the five ARs was analyzed with respect to impacts on yields via crop type, region, and whether adaptation was included. Quantitative data on impacts and adaptation in livestock farming have been extremely scarce in the ARs. The main conclusions from impact and adaptation are that crop yields will decline, but that responses have large statistical variation. Mitigation assessments in the ARs have used both bottom-up and top-down methods but need better to link emissions and their mitigation with food production and security. Relevant policy options have become broader in later ARs and included more of the social and nonproduction aspects of food security. Our overall conclusion is that agriculture and food security, which are two of the most central, critical, and imminent issues in climate change, have been dealt with an unfocussed and inconsistent manner between the IPCC five ARs. This is partly a result of not only agriculture spanning two IPCC working groups but also the very strong focus on projections from computer crop simulation modeling. For the future, we suggest a need to examine interactions between themes such as crop resource use efficiencies and to include all production and nonproduction aspects of food security in future roles for integrated assessment models.
Published: 2019

20. To clean or not to clean phenotypic datasets for outlier plants in genetic analyses?

Author: François Tardieu, Claude Welcker, Santiago Alvarez Prado, Llorenç Cabrera-Bosquet, Isabelle Sanchez, Antonin Grau, Nadine Hilgert, Écophysiologie des Plantes sous Stress environnementaux (LEPSE), Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro), Mathématiques, Informatique et STatistique pour l'Environnement et l'Agronomie (MISTEA), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), ANR-11-INBS-0012,PHENOME,Centre français de phénomique végétale(2011), European Project: 244374,EC:FP7:KBBE,FP7-KBBE-2009-3,DROPS(2010), European Project: 731013 ,EPPN2020(2017), European Project: 609398,EC:FP7:PEOPLE,FP7-PEOPLE-2013-COFUND,AGREENSKILLSPLUS(2014), and Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, 0301 basic medicine, Physiology, Quantitative Trait Loci, Genome-wide association study, Plant Science, genetic analysis, Biology, Quantitative trait locus, eXtra Botany, 01 natural sciences, Genetic analysis, Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide, 03 medical and health sciences, fréquence des allèles, statistical analysis, Gene Frequency, faux positif, Statistics, [SDV.BV]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology, Allele, Allele frequency, [SDV.BDD]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Development Biology, Alleles, Genetic association, Plant Proteins, Vegetal Biology, analyse statistique, outliers, Biologie du développement, Outliers, Phenomics, Quantitative trait loci, Statistical analysis, food and beverages, nutritional and metabolic diseases, phenomics, Development Biology, Minor allele frequency, plateforme de phénotypage, Viewpoints, 030104 developmental biology, Outlier, Biologie végétale, analyse génétique, 010606 plant biology & botany, Genome-Wide Association Study
Abstract: Excluding outlier plants (biological replicates deviating from the expected distribution on a multi-criteria basis) from phenotypic datasets is necessary to avoid false-positive associations between genome markers and traits., Based on case studies, we discuss the extent to which genome-wide association studies (GWAS) are affected by outlier plants, i.e. those deviating from the expected distribution on a multi-criteria basis. Using a raw dataset consisting of daily measurements of leaf area, biomass, and plant height for thousands of plants, we tested three different cleaning methods for their effects on genetic analyses. No-cleaning resulted in the highest number of dubious quantitative trait loci, especially at loci with highly unbalanced allelic frequencies. A trade-off was identified between the risk of false-positives (with no-cleaning and/or a low threshold for minor allele frequency) and the risk of missing interesting rare alleles. Cleaning can lower the risk of the latter by making it possible to choose a higher threshold in GWAS.
Published: 2019

21. Climate change impact and adaptation for wheat protein

Author: Mohamed Jabloun, Pierre Martre, Garry O'Leary, Dominique Ripoche, Bruno Basso, Pramod K. Aggarwal, Daniel Wallach, Matthew P. Reynolds, Marijn van der Velde, John R. Porter, Heidi Webber, Enli Wang, Frank Ewert, Joost Wolf, Christian Klein, Belay T. Kassie, Christian Biernath, Margarita Garcia-Vila, M. Ali Babar, Pierre Stratonovitch, Yujing Gao, Glenn J. Fitzgerald, Davide Cammarano, Bing Liu, Peter J. Thorburn, Fulu Tao, Andrew J. Challinor, Reimund P. Rötter, Christine Girousse, Zhigan Zhao, Christoph Müller, Ann-Kristin Koehler, Jørgen E. Olesen, Elias Fereres, Iwan Supit, Andrea Maiorano, Marco Bindi, Sebastian Gayler, Kurt Christian Kersebaum, Giacomo De Sanctis, Alex C. Ruane, Rosella Motzo, Juraj Balkovic, Manuel Montesino San Martin, Roberto Ferrise, Mikhail A. Semenov, Claudio O. Stöckle, Soora Naresh Kumar, Gerrit Hoogenboom, Benjamin Dumont, Ehsan Eyshi Rezaei, Mukhtar Ahmed, Senthold Asseng, Thilo Streck, Yan Zhu, R. Cesar Izaurralde, Katharina Waha, Ahmed M. S. Kheir, Taru Palosuo, Liujun Xiao, Sara Minoli, Eckart Priesack, Heidi Horan, Curtis D. Jones, Francesco Giunta, Zhao Zhang, Claas Nendel, International Food Policy Research Institute (US), CGIAR (France), European Commission, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (France), National Natural Science Foundation of China, Federal Ministry of Food and Agriculture (Germany), Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council (UK), Innovation Fund Denmark, China Scholarship Council, Ministero delle Politiche Agricole Alimentari e Forestali, Academy of Finland, Finnish Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry, Federal Ministry of Education and Research (Germany), Department of Agriculture and Water Resources (Australia), University of Melbourne, Grains Research and Development Corporation (Australia), National Institute of Food and Agriculture (US), German Research Foundation, Gorgan University, Department of Agricultural and Biological Engineering [Gainesville] (UF|ABE), Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences [Gainesville] (UF|IFAS), University of Florida [Gainesville] (UF)-University of Florida [Gainesville] (UF), Écophysiologie des Plantes sous Stress environnementaux (LEPSE), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), European Food Safety Authority = Autorité européenne de sécurité des aliments, Tropical Plant Production and Agricultural Systems Modelling (TROPAGS), Georg-August-University = Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Centre for Biodiversity and Sustainable Land-use [University of Göttingen] (CBL), Department of Economic Drt and Resources, Grains Innovation Park, Agriculture Victoria Research, Department of Economic Development, Jobs, Transport and Resources, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Science [Melbourne], Génétique Diversité et Ecophysiologie des Céréales (GDEC), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020]), Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II = Università degli studi di Napoli Federico II, World Food Crops Breeding, Department of Agronomy, IFAS, University of Florida [Gainesville] (UF), International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT), Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research [CGIAR] (CGIAR), Soils, Water and Environment Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center (ARC), Agriculture and Food, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation [Canberra] (CSIRO), NASA Goddard Institute for Space Studies (GISS), NASA Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), International Maize and Wheat Improvement Centre [Inde] (CIMMYT), Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research [CGIAR] (CGIAR)-Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research [CGIAR] (CGIAR), Biological Systems Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Department of Agronomy, University of El-Tarf, Ecosystem Services and Management Program, International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis (IIASA), Department of Soil Science, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University in Bratislava, W. K. Kellogg Biological Station (KBS), Michigan State University [East Lansing], Michigan State University System-Michigan State University System, Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences [Ann Arbor], University of Michigan [Ann Arbor], University of Michigan System-University of Michigan System, Institute of Biochemical Plant Pathology, Research Center for Environmental Health, Helmholtz Zentrum München = German Research Center for Environmental Health, Department of Agri‐food Production and Environmental Sciences (DISPAA), Università degli Studi di Firenze = University of Florence (UniFI), The James Hutton Institute, Institute for Climate and Atmospheric Science [Leeds] (ICAS), School of Earth and Environment [Leeds] (SEE), University of Leeds-University of Leeds, Collaborative Research Program from CGIAR and Future Earth on Climate Change, Agriculture and Food Security (CCAFS), International Center for Tropical Agriculture, GMO Unit, European Food Safety Authority, Department Terra & AgroBioChem, Gembloux Agro‐Bio Tech, Université de Liège, Institute of Crop Science and Resource Conservation [Bonn] (INRES), Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, Department of Crop Sciences, Instituto de Agricultura Sostenible - Institute for Sustainable Agriculture (IAS CSIC), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Madrid] (CSIC), Institute of Soil Science and Land Evaluation, University of Hohenheim, Food Systems Institute [Gainesville] (UF|IFAS), Department of Geographical Sciences, College Park, University of Maryland [College Park], University of Maryland System-University of Maryland System, Texas A and M AgriLife Research, Texas A&M University System, Department of Agroecology, Aarhus University [Aarhus], Leibniz-Zentrum für Agrarlandschaftsforschung = Leibniz Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research (ZALF), Institute of Biochemical Plant Pathology [Neuherberg], German Research Center for Environmental Health - Helmholtz Center München (GmbH), National Engineering and Technology Center for Information Agriculture, Key Laboratory for Crop System Analysis and Decision Making, Ministry of Agriculture, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Information Agriculture, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production, Nanjing Agricutural University, Member of the Leibniz Association, Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research (PIK), Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences [Copenhagen], Faculty of Science [Copenhagen], University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (UCPH)-University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (UCPH), Centre for Environment Science and Climate Resilient Agriculture [New Delhi], Indian Agricultural Research Institute (IARI), Natural Resources Institute Finland (LUKE), Fonctionnement et conduite des systèmes de culture tropicaux et méditerranéens (UMR SYSTEM), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Centre International de Hautes Etudes Agronomiques Méditerranéennes - Institut Agronomique Méditerranéen de Montpellier (CIHEAM-IAMM), Centre International de Hautes Études Agronomiques Méditerranéennes (CIHEAM)-Centre International de Hautes Études Agronomiques Méditerranéennes (CIHEAM)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), University of Lincoln, Agroclim (AGROCLIM), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Rothamsted Research, Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council (BBSRC), Water & Food and Water Systems & Global Change Group, Wageningen University and Research [Wageningen] (WUR), Institute of geographical sciences and natural resources research [CAS] (IGSNRR), Chinese Academy of Sciences [Beijing] (CAS), Joint Research Centre (IPTS), Commission Européenne, AGroécologie, Innovations, teRritoires (AGIR), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT), CSIRO Agriculture and Food (CSIRO), Plant Production Systems, State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Resource Ecology, Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University (BNU), Department of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University (CAU), National Research Foundation for the Doctoral Program of Higher Education of China, Grant/Award Number: 20120097110042, International Food Policy, European Project: 267196,EC:FP7:PEOPLE,FP7-PEOPLE-2010-COFUND,AGREENSKILLS(2012), Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro), Georg-August-University [Göttingen], Centre of Biodiversity and Sustainable Land Use (CBL), University of Göttingen - Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, University of Naples Federico II, Helmholtz-Zentrum München (HZM), Universtiy of Florence, University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (KU)-University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (KU), Natural Resources Institute Finland, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), Wageningen University, Institute of Geographical Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Agricultural & Biological Engineering Department, University of Florida [Gainesville], Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, University of Goettingen, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand 2 (UBP), Research Program on Climate Change, Agriculture and Food Security, BISA‐CIMMYT, Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research (CGIAR), Comenius University [Bratislava], Helmholtz Zentrum München, Institute of Crop Science and Resource Conservation INRES, University of Bonn, IAS‐CSIC, Universidad de Cordoba, Institute for Sustainable Food Systems, Texas A&M AgriLife Research and Extension Center, Aarhus University, Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre International de Hautes Etudes Agronomiques Méditerranéennes - Institut Agronomique Méditerranéen de Montpellier (CIHEAM-IAMM), Centre International de Hautes Études Agronomiques Méditerranéennes (CIHEAM)-Centre International de Hautes Études Agronomiques Méditerranéennes (CIHEAM)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), UE Agroclim (UE AGROCLIM), UMR : AGroécologie, Innovations, TeRritoires, Ecole Nationale Supérieure Agronomique de Toulouse, Wageningen University and Research Center (WUR), Beijing Normal University, and China Agricultural University
Subjects: [SDV.SA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences, 0106 biological sciences, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Water en Voedsel, 01 natural sciences, grain protein, adaptation au milieu, climate change adaptation, climate change impact, food security, wheat, Co2 concentration, adaptation to the environment, Triticum, General Environmental Science, 2. Zero hunger, changement climatique, Global and Planetary Change, Food security, Ecology, Temperature, food and beverages, Adaptation, Physiological, Droughts, Nitrogen, Climate Change, Climate change, 010603 evolutionary biology, blé, Crop production, Food Quality, Grain quality, [SDV.BV]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology, Environmental Chemistry, Grain Proteins, global change, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, WIMEK, Water and Food, Global change, Carbon Dioxide, Models, Theoretical, 15. Life on land, Agronomy, 13. Climate action, Grain yield, Environmental science, Water Systems and Global Change, Protein concentration
Abstract: Wheat grain protein concentration is an important determinant of wheat quality for human nutrition that is often overlooked in efforts to improve crop production. We tested and applied a 32‐multi‐model ensemble to simulate global wheat yield and quality in a changing climate. Potential benefits of elevated atmospheric CO2 concentration by 2050 on global wheat grain and protein yield are likely to be negated by impacts from rising temperature and changes in rainfall, but with considerable disparities between regions. Grain and protein yields are expected to be lower and more variable in most low‐rainfall regions, with nitrogen availability limiting growth stimulus from elevated CO2. Introducing genotypes adapted to warmer temperatures (and also considering changes in CO2 and rainfall) could boost global wheat yield by 7% and protein yield by 2%, but grain protein concentration would be reduced by −1.1 percentage points, representing a relative change of −8.6%. Climate change adaptations that benefit grain yield are not always positive for grain quality, putting additional pressure on global wheat production., B.L received support from the International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI) through the Global Futures and Strategic Foresight project, the CGIAR Research Program on Climate Change, Agriculture and Food Security (CCAFS) and the CGIAR Research Program on Wheat. A.M. received support from the EU Marie Curie FP7 COFUND People Programme, through an AgreenSkills fellowship under grant agreement no. PCOFUND‐GA‐2010‐267196. PM, A.M., D.R., and D.W. acknowledge support from the FACCE JPI MACSUR project (031A103B) through the metaprogram Adaptation of Agriculture and Forests to Climate Change (AAFCC) of the French National Institute for Agricultural Research (INRA). L.X. and Y.Z. were supported by the National High‐Tech Research and Development Program of China (2013AA100404), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (31271616), the National Research Foundation for the Doctoral Program of Higher Education of China (20120097110042), and the Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions (PAPD). F.T. and Z.Z. were supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (41571088, 41571493 and 31561143003). R.R. received support from the German Ministry for Research and Education (BMBF) through project SPACES‐LLL. Rothamsted Research receives support from the Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council (BBSRC) Designing Future Wheat programme [BB/P016855/1]. M.J. and J.E.O. were supported by Innovation Fund Denmark through the MACSUR project. L.X. and Y.G. acknowledge support from the China Scholarship Council. M.B and R.F. were funded by JPI FACCE MACSUR2 through the Italian Ministry for Agricultural, Food and Forestry Policies and thank A. Soltani from Gorgan Univ. of Agric. Sci. & Natur. Resour. for his support. R.P.R., T.P., and F.T. received financial support from the FACCE MACSUR project funded through the Finnish Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry (MMM) and from the Academy of Finland through the projects NORFASYS (decision nos. 268277 and 292944) and PLUMES (decision nos. 277403 and 292836). K.C.K. and C.N. received support from the German Ministry for Research and Education (BMBF) within the FACCE JPI MACSUR project. S.M. and C.M. acknowledge financial support from the MACMIT project (01LN1317A) funded through BMBF. G.J.O. and G.J.F. acknowledge support from the Victorian Department of Economic Development, Jobs, Transport and Resources, the Australian Department of Agriculture and Water Resources, The University of Melbourne and the Grains Research Development Corporation, Australia. P.K.A.'s work was implemented as part of the CGIAR Research Program on Climate Change, Agriculture and Food Security (CCAFS), which is carried out with support from the CGIAR Trust Fund and through bilateral funding agreements. For details please visit https://ccafs.cgiar.org/donors. The views expressed in this document cannot be taken to reflect the official opinions of these organizations.. B.B. received financial support from USDA NIFA‐Water Cap Award 2015‐68007‐23133. F.E. acknowledges support from the FACCE JPI MACSUR project through the German Federal Ministry of Food and Agriculture (2815ERA01J) and from the German Science Foundation (project EW 119/5‐1).
Published: 2019

22. Seedling survival under drought differs between an annual (Hordeum vulgare) and a perennial grass (Dactylis glomerata)

Author: Florence Volaire, Écophysiologie des Plantes sous Stress environnementaux (LEPSE), Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), and Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Perennial plant, Physiology, Drought tolerance, DACTYLE AGGLOMERE, Plant Science, 01 natural sciences, 03 medical and health sciences, Poaceae, Water content, 030304 developmental biology, 2. Zero hunger, 0303 health sciences, biology, fungi, food and beverages, 15. Life on land, biology.organism_classification, [SDV.BV.PEP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology/Phytopathology and phytopharmacy, Dactylis glomerata, Agronomy, 13. Climate action, Seedling, Hordeum vulgare, Annual plant, RESISTANCE, 010606 plant biology & botany
Abstract: Summary • In semiarid areas, populations of cereal crop plants can be reduced by severe drought occurring during the vegetative stage, leading to subsequent serious yield reduction. This study aimed to analyse and compare survival and dehydration tolerance in two contrasting barley ( Hordeum vulgare ) cultivars (cvs) and in a drought resistant perennial grass, cocksfoot ( Dactylis glomerata ). • In pot experiments, seedlings were subjected to intensifying droughts for analysis of adaptive responses and survival following a range of final soil water potentials (SWP). • Survival rates were 100% in cocksfoot and 32% in the drought resistant barley cv. Tadmor at a SWP of − 2.5 MPa. In cocksfoot, lamina water potentials decreased earlier and water content in enclosed leaf bases stabilized at low SWP. This strategy of dehydration tolerance was associated with high survival. • At moderate water deficit, barley cv. Tadmor exhibited a 5-fold greater osmotic adjustment in lamina, lower senescence and higher accumulation of dehydrins in enclosed leaf bases than the drought sensitive cv. Plaisant. However, under severe drought, water content in enclosed leaf bases declined constantly and was associated with similar mortality in both cvs. Dehydration tolerance was low in barley and not correlated with dehydrin accumulation or resistance to moderate drought.
Published: 2021

23. Leaf elongation response to blue light is mediated by stomatal-induced variations in transpiration in Festuca arundinacea

Author: Didier Combes, Pierre Martre, Abraham J. Escobar-Gutiérrez, Jean-Louis Durand, Romain Barillot, Tom De Swaef, Cédric Perrot, Elzbieta Frak, Eric Roy, Unité de Recherche Pluridisciplinaire Prairies et Plantes Fourragères (P3F), Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Research Institute for Agricultural, Fisheries and Food (ILVO), Écophysiologie des Plantes sous Stress environnementaux (LEPSE), Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Region Poitou-Charentes, European Project: 609398,EC:FP7:PEOPLE,FP7-PEOPLE-2013-COFUND,AGREENSKILLSPLUS(2014), Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut Agro - Montpellier SupAgro, and Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)
Subjects: Festuca, 0106 biological sciences, 0301 basic medicine, Vapor Pressure, Physiology, Vapour Pressure Deficit, Water flow, stomata, Irradiance, Tiller (botany), Plant Science, 01 natural sciences, hydraulic model, transpiration, 03 medical and health sciences, [SDV.BV]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology, Transpiration, biology, Chemistry, fungi, Water, food and beverages, Plant Transpiration, plant hydraulics, biology.organism_classification, photomorphogenesis, Plant Leaves, Horticulture, 030104 developmental biology, grasses, leaf elongation, Plant Stomata, Photomorphogenesis, Elongation, light, Festuca arundinacea, 010606 plant biology & botany, Blue light
Abstract: Reduced blue light irradiance is known to enhance leaf elongation rate (LER) in grasses, but the mechanisms involved have not yet been elucidated. We investigated whether leaf elongation response to reduced blue light could be mediated by stomata-induced variations of plant transpiration. Two experiments were carried out on tall fescue in order to monitor LER and transpiration under reduced blue light irradiance. Additionally, LER dynamics were compared with those observed in the response to vapour pressure deficit (VPD)-induced variations of transpiration. Finally, we developed a model of water flow within a tiller to simulate the observed short-term response of LER to various transpiration regimes. LER dramatically increased in response to blue light reduction and then reached new steady states, which remained higher than the control. Reduced blue light triggered a simultaneous stomatal closure which induced an immediate decrease of leaf transpiration. The hydraulic model of leaf elongation accurately predicted the LER response to blue light and VPD, resulting from an increase in the growth-induced water potential gradient in the leaf growth zone. Our results suggest that the blue light signal is sensed by stomata of expanded leaves and transduced to the leaf growth zone through the hydraulic architecture of the tiller.
Published: 2021

24. Physiological roles of Casparian strips and suberin in the transport of water and solutes

Author: Marc S. Frenger, Christopher Hidalgo-Shrestha, Zoe Ribeyre, Patrick Diehl, Christophe Maurel, Thierry Simonneau, David E. Salt, Guilhem Reyt, Rochus Franke, Myriam Dauzat, Bertrand Muller, Monica Calvo-Polanco, Yann Boursiac, Biochimie et Physiologie Moléculaire des Plantes (BPMP), Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Universidad de Salamanca, Écophysiologie des Plantes sous Stress environnementaux (LEPSE), Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), University of Nottingham, UK (UON), University of Bonn, ERA-NET Coordinating Action in Plant Sciences program project ERACAPS13.089_RootBarriers, the German Research Foundation (DFG, grant FR 1721/2-1 to R.B.F), FEDER-Junta de Castilla y León, CLU-2018-04., Transnational Cooperation within the PLANT-KBBE Initiative, with funding from the German Federal Ministry of Education to RBF, ANR-10-INBS-0004,France-BioImaging,Développment d'une infrastructure française distribuée coordonnée(2010), European Project: 609398,EC:FP7:PEOPLE,FP7-PEOPLE-2013-COFUND,AGREENSKILLSPLUS(2014), Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut Agro - Montpellier SupAgro, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), and Universität Bonn = University of Bonn
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, water transport, Arabidopsis thaliana, Physiology, Arabidopsis, Aquaporin, Plant Science, solutes diffusion, 01 natural sciences, Plant Roots, 03 medical and health sciences, suberin, Suberin, Cell Wall, Casparian strips, [SDV.BV]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology, aquaporins, 030304 developmental biology, 0303 health sciences, Water transport, biology, Chemistry, fungi, Plant physiology, food and beverages, Water, biology.organism_classification, Lipids, Apoplast, apoplastic barriers, Biophysics, root hydraulic conductivity, Endodermis, Casparian strip, 010606 plant biology & botany
Abstract: International audience; The formation of Casparian strips (CS) and the deposition of suberin at the endodermis of plant roots are thought to limit the apoplastic transport of water and ions. We investigated the specific role of each of these apoplastic barriers in the control of hydro-mineral transport by roots and the consequences on shoot growth.A collection of Arabidopsis thaliana mutants defective in suberin deposition and/or CS development was characterized under standard conditions using a hydroponic system and the Phenopsis platform.Mutants altered in suberin deposition had enhanced root hydraulic conductivity, indicating a restrictive role for this compound in water transport. In contrast, defective CS directly increased solute leakage and indirectly reduced root hydraulic conductivity. Defective CS also led to a reduction in rosette growth, which was partly dependent on the hydro-mineral status of the plant. Ectopic suberin was shown to partially compensate for defective CS phenotypes. Altogether, our work shows that the functionality of the root apoplastic diffusion barriers greatly influences the plant physiology, and that their integrity is tightly surveyed.
Published: 2021

25. Registration of tropical populations of maize selected in parallel for early flowering time across the United States

Author: Natalia de Leon, Wenwei Xu, Seth C. Murray, Teclemariam Weldekidan, Nicole Choquette, Randall J. Wisser, Nick Lauter, James B. Holland, Major M. Goodman, Sherry Flint-Garcia, Heather C. Manching, University of Delaware [Newark], North Carolina State University [Raleigh] (NC State), University of North Carolina System (UNC), University of Wisconsin-Madison, USDA-ARS : Agricultural Research Service, University of Missouri [Columbia] (Mizzou), University of Missouri System, Texas A&M University [College Station], Texas A and M AgriLife Research, Texas A&M University System, Écophysiologie des Plantes sous Stress environnementaux (LEPSE), Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), and Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, 2. Zero hunger, 0303 health sciences, 03 medical and health sciences, [SDV.BV.AP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology/Plant breeding, Agronomy, Genetics, Biology, Flowering time, 01 natural sciences, Agronomy and Crop Science, 030304 developmental biology, 010606 plant biology & botany
Abstract: International audience; Tropical strains of maize (Zea mays subsp. mays L.) flower very late in temperate environments. This is a barrier to maize diversification and improvement in regions where a large share of the world's corn production takes place. For investigating early flowering time adaptation, a tightly controlled parallel selection experiment spanning a 28 degrees latitudinal range (similar to 3,100 km) across the United States was conducted. First, a tropical synthetic population (TropicS-G0) (Reg. no. GP-605, PI 698625) of maize was created from seven inbred parents. The molecular genetic diversity in TropicS-G0 is representative of tropical inbreds that are differentiated from the prevailing germplasm used for hybrid production in the United States. Admixture analysis and genome simulation showed that breeding of TropicS-G0 captured the parental genomes mostly at random, as intended prior to selection. With TropicS-G0 as a common base population, a standardized protocol was used to recurrently select for early flowering time at eight locations for two generations, giving rise to location-specific lineages (TropicS-G1-PR, Reg. no. GP-621, PI 698641; TropicS-G2-PR, Reg. no. GP-622, PI 698642; TropicS-G2-FL, Reg. no. GP-620, PI 698640; TropicS-G1-cTX, Reg. no. GP-618, PI 698638; TropicS-G2-cTX, Reg. no. GP-619, PI 698639; TropicS-G1-nTX, Reg. no. GP-616, PI 698636; TropicS-G2-nTX, Reg. no. GP-617, PI 698637; TropicS-G1-NC, Reg. no. GP-614, PI 698634; TropicS-G2-NC, Reg. no. GP-615, PI 698635; TropicS-G1-DE, Reg. no. GP-610, PI 698630; TropicS-G1-IA, Reg. no. GP-608, PI 698628; TropicS-G2-IA, Reg. no. GP-609, PI 698629; TropicS-G1-WI, Reg. no. GP-606, PI 698626; TropicS-G2-WI, Reg. no. GP-607, PI 698627). Additional generations of selection were performed for the DE lineage (TropicS-G3-DE, Reg. no. GP-611, PI 698631; TropicS-G4-DE, Reg. no. GP-612, PI 698632; TropicS-G5-DE, Reg. no. GP-613, PI 698633). The parallel-selected maize population is a novel resource for breeders and those seeking to investigate adaptation.
Published: 2021

26. Filling the gaps in gene banks: Collecting, characterizing, and phenotyping wild banana relatives of Papua New Guinea

Author: Catherine Breton, Julie Sardos, Janet Paofa, Simon Kallow, Claude Welcker, Bart Panis, David Eyland, Steven Janssens, François Tardieu, Sebastien Carpentier, Rony Swennen, Catholic University of Leuven - Katholieke Universiteit Leuven (KU Leuven), Bioversity International [Montpellier], Bioversity International [Rome], Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research [CGIAR] (CGIAR)-Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research [CGIAR] (CGIAR), Royal Botanic Gardens [Kew], Bioversity International [Belgique], International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA-Tanzania), International Institute of Tropical Agriculture [Nigeria] (IITA), PNG National Agricultural Research Institute (NARI), Écophysiologie des Plantes sous Stress environnementaux (LEPSE), Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut Agro - Montpellier SupAgro, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), Meise Botanic Garden [Belgium] (Plantentuin), 'Adapting Agriculture to Climate Change: Collecting, Pro-tecting and Preparing Crop Wild Relatives,' which is supported by the Government of Norway., Global Crop Diversity Trust in part-nership with national and international gene banks and plant breeding institutes around the world (http://www.cwrdiversity.org/)., The Deutsche Gesellschaft für Interna-tionale Zusammenarbiet GIZ, scholarship funded by the Global TRUST foundation project 'Crop wild Relatives Evaluation of drought tolerance in wild bananas from Papua New Guinea', CGIAR Fund (https://www.cgiar.org/funders/), CGIAR Research Program Roots, Tubers and Bananas (RTB-CRP), Belgian Development Cooperation project ‘‘More fruit for food security: Developing climate-smart bananas for the African Great Lakes region.', European Project: 731013 ,EPPN2020(2017), Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), and Botanic Garden Meise
Subjects: 2. Zero hunger, 0106 biological sciences, 0303 health sciences, [SDV.GEN]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Genetics, Vapour Pressure Deficit, business.industry, Drought tolerance, Plant genetics, 15. Life on land, Biology, biology.organism_classification, 01 natural sciences, Musa peekelii, Crop, 03 medical and health sciences, Horticulture, Gene bank, Agriculture, Shoot, business, Agronomy and Crop Science, 030304 developmental biology, 010606 plant biology & botany
Abstract: International audience; Since natural habitats are disappearing fast, there is an urgent need to collect, characterize, and phenotype banana (Musa spp.) crop wild relatives to identify unique genotypes with specific traits that fill the gaps in our gene banks. We report on a collection mission in Papua New Guinea carried out in 2019. Seed containing bunches were collected from Musa peekelii ssp. angustigemma (N.W.Simmonds) Argent (3), M. schizocarpa N. W. Simmonds (4), M. balbisiana Colla (3), M. acuminata ssp. banksii (F. Muell.) Simmonds (14), M. boman Argent (3), M. ingens Simmonds (2), M. maclayi ssp. maclayi F.Muell. ex Mikl.-Maclay (1), and M. lolodensis Cheesman (1). This material, together with the seeds collected during a previous mission in 2017, form the basis for the development of a wild banana seed bank. For characterization and phenotyping, we focused on the most ubiquitous indigenous species of Papua New Guinea: M. acuminata ssp. banksii, the ancestor of most edible bananas. We calculated that the median genomic dissimilarity of the M. acuminata ssp. banksii accessions was 4% and that they differed at least 5% from accessions present in the International Transit Centre, the world's largest banana gene bank. High-throughput phenotyping revealed drought avoidance strategies with significant differences in root/shoot ratio, soil water content sensitivity, and response towards vapor pressure deficit (VPD). We deliver a proof of principle that the wild diversity is not yet fully covered in the gene banks and that wild M. acuminata ssp. banksii populations contain individuals with unique traits, useful for drought tolerance breeding programs.
Published: 2021

27. Differential sensitivity to temperature and evaporative demand in wheat relatives

Author: Serge Zaka, Stéphane Leveau, Pierre Martre, Boris Parent, ITK [Clapiers], Écophysiologie des Plantes sous Stress environnementaux (LEPSE), Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), and Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Physiology, Range (biology), leaf expansion, Aegilops, vapour pressure deficit (VPD), Plant Science, Biology, 01 natural sciences, transpiration, Crop, 03 medical and health sciences, wheat, Triticum, 030304 developmental biology, Transpiration, 2. Zero hunger, 0303 health sciences, Genetic diversity, food and beverages, temperature, Interspecific competition, genetic diversity, [SDV.BV.BOT]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology/Botanics, evaporative demand, Agronomy, leaf growth, Trait, Ploidy, human activities, 010606 plant biology & botany, Diversity (business)
Abstract: There are potential sources of alleles and genes currently present in wheat-related species that have the potential to be introduced into wheat breeding programs targeting current and future hot and dry climates. However, to date neither the intra- nor the interspecific diversity of the responses of leaf growth and transpiration to temperature and evaporative demand have been investigated in across a significant range of wheat-related species. By analysing 12 groups of wheat-related species and subspecies, we were able to examine the multi-dimensional structure of the genetic diversity for traits linked to plant vegetative structures and their development, and to leaf expansion and transpiration, together with their responses to ‘non-stressing’ ranges of temperature and evaporative demand. In addition to providing new insights on how genome type, ploidy level, phylogeny, and breeding pressure act together to structure this genetic diversity, our study also provides new mathematical formalisms and associated parameters for trait responses across a wide range of genetic diversity in wheat-related species. This will potentially allow crop models to predict the impact of this diversity on yield, and thus to indicate potential sources of varietal improvement for modern wheat germplasms through interspecific crosses.
Published: 2021

28. Methodology to assess the changing risk of yield failure due to heat and drought stress under climate change

Author: Tommaso Stella, Jon I. Lizaso, Sravya Mamidanna, C. Gabaldón-Leal, Mohamed Jabloun, Margarita Ruiz-Ramos, Alex C. Ruane, Stefan Fronzek, Pierre Stratonovitch, Brian Collins, Pierre Martre, Roberto Ferrise, Jørgen E. Olesen, Alfredo Rodríguez, Frank Ewert, Marco Bindi, Loic Manceau, Babacar Faye, Kurt Christian Kersebaum, Mikhail A. Semenov, Ignacio J. Lorite, Nándor Fodor, Claas Nendel, Heidi Webber, Simone Bregaglio, Leibniz-Zentrum für Agrarlandschaftsforschung = Leibniz Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research (ZALF), Czech Academy of Sciences [Prague] (CAS), Aarhus University [Aarhus], iCLIMATE Aarhus University Interdisciplinary Centre for Climate Change, NASA Goddard Institute for Space Studies (GISS), NASA Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), Finnish Environment Institute (SYKE), Consiglio per la Ricerca in Agricoltura e l’analisi dell’economia agraria (CREA), Department of Agriculture, Food, Environment and Forestry (DAGRI), Università degli Studi di Firenze = University of Florence [Firenze] (UNIFI), James Cook University (JCU), UMR 228 Espace-Dev, Espace pour le développement, Université de Guyane (UG)-Université des Antilles (UA)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD)-Avignon Université (AU)-Université de La Réunion (UR)-Université de Montpellier (UM), Centre for Agricultural Research [Budapest] (ATK), Hungarian Academy of Sciences (MTA), Instituto Andaluz de Investigación y Formación Agraria y Pesquera (IFAPA), Wageningen University and Research [Wageningen] (WUR), Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM), Écophysiologie des Plantes sous Stress environnementaux (LEPSE), Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), University of Potsdam, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha (UCLM), Rothamsted Research, Institut für Nutzpflanzenwissenschaften und Ressourcenschutz (INRES), Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, International Wheat Yield Partnership (IWYP115 Project)., FACCE JPI MACSUR project through the German Federal Ministry of Food and Agriculture (2815ERA01J)., FACCE MACSUR project by Innovation Fund Denmark and by the SustES project—Adaptation strategies for sustainable ecosystem services and food security under adverse environmental conditions (CZ.02.1.01/0.0/0.0/16_019/0000797), Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council (BBSRC) through Designing Future Wheat [BB/P016855/1] and Achieving Sustainable Agricultural Systems [NE/N018125/1], FACCE JPI MACSUR project (031A103B) through the metaprogram Adaptation of Agriculture and Forests to Climate Change (AAFCC) of the Franch National Research Institute for Agriculture, Food and Environment (INRAE)., German Federal Ministry of Food and Agriculture (BMEL) through the Federal Office for Agriculture and Food (BLE), (2851ERA01J) for FACCE MACSUR, the German Research Foundation under Germany’s Excellence Strategy, EXC-2070—390732324—PhenoRob., Consiglio per la Ricerca in Agricoltura e l’analisi dell’economia agraria = Council for Agricultural Research and Economics (CREA), Università degli Studi di Firenze = University of Florence (UniFI), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD)-Avignon Université (AU)-Université de La Réunion (UR)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Université de Guyane (UG)-Université des Antilles (UA), Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut Agro - Montpellier SupAgro, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), University of Potsdam = Universität Potsdam, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha = University of Castilla-La Mancha (UCLM), and Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council (BBSRC)
Subjects: [SDV.SA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences, Return period, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, climate change impact, climate risk assessment, crop model, maize, relative distribution, wheat, Yield (finance), Distribution (economics), Climate change, Atmospheric sciences, 01 natural sciences, 03 medical and health sciences, IRRIGATION, Range (statistics), skin and connective tissue diseases, Baseline (configuration management), 030304 developmental biology, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, General Environmental Science, [SDV.EE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment, 2. Zero hunger, ENVIRONMENT, 0303 health sciences, Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment, business.industry, Crop yield, Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, BIASES, COMPOUND DRY, 15. Life on land, CHANGE IMPACTS, VARIABILITY, CROP YIELDS, Plant Production Systems, 13. Climate action, Plantaardige Productiesystemen, Environmental science, sense organs, business, Risk assessment
Abstract: International audience; While the understanding of average impacts of climate change on crop yields is improving, few assessments have quantified expected impacts on yield distributions and the risk of yield failures. Here we present the relative distribution as a method to assess how the risk of yield failure due to heat and drought stress (measured in terms of return period between yields falling 15% below previous five year Olympic average yield) responds to changes of the underlying yield distributions under climate change. Relative distributions are used to capture differences in the entire yield distribution between baseline and climate change scenarios, and to further decompose them into changes in the location and shape of the distribution. The methodology is applied here for the case of rainfed wheat and grain maize across Europe using an ensemble of crop models under three climate change scenarios with simulations conducted at 25 km resolution. Under climate change, maize generally displayed shorter return periods of yield failures (with changes under RCP 4.5 between −0.3 and 0 years compared to the baseline scenario) associated with a shift of the yield distribution towards lower values and changes in shape of the distribution that further reduced the frequency of high yields. This response was prominent in the areas characterized in the baseline scenario by high yields and relatively long return periods of failure. Conversely, for wheat, yield failures were projected to become less frequent under future scenarios (with changes in the return period of −0.1 to +0.4 years under RCP 4.5) and were associated with a shift of the distribution towards higher values and a change in shape increasing the frequency of extreme yields at both ends. Our study offers an approach to quantify the changes in yield distributions that drive crop yield failures. Actual risk assessments additionally require models that capture the variety of drivers determining crop yield variability and scenario climate input data that samples the range of probable climate variation.
Published: 2021

29. Educated big data to study sensitivity to drought

Author: François Tardieu, Écophysiologie des Plantes sous Stress environnementaux (LEPSE), Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), and Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, [SDV.SA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences, Big data, Climate change, Agricultural engineering, 01 natural sciences, 03 medical and health sciences, parasitic diseases, Sensitivity (control systems), 030304 developmental biology, 2. Zero hunger, [SDV.EE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment, 0303 health sciences, business.industry, Crop yield, fungi, food and beverages, 15. Life on land, 13. Climate action, Agriculture, Environmental science, Animal Science and Zoology, business, Agronomy and Crop Science, [SDV.AEN]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Food and Nutrition, 010606 plant biology & botany, Food Science
Abstract: International audience; Climate change increases the frequency and severity of drought in many agricultural regions. A novel big-data approach has been designed to shed light on the interactions between agronomic and environmental factors affecting the sensitivity of crop yields to drought.
Published: 2020

30. Enabling reusability of plant phenomic datasets with MIAPPE 1.1

Author: François Tardieu, Cyril Pommier, Célia Michotey, Bruno Costa, Stephan Weise, Bert Droesbeke, Graham J.W. King, Astrid Junker, Philippe Rocca-Serra, Guillaume Cornut, Hanna Ćwiek-Kupczyńska, Markus Oppermann, Célia Miguel, Daniel Faria, Björn Usadel, Cristobal Uauy, Paweł Krajewski, Jochen C. Reif, Susanna-Assunta Sansone, Živa Ramšak, Uwe Scholz, Richard G. F. Visser, Evangelia Papoutsoglou, Ioannis N. Athanasiadis, Daniel Arend, Inês Chaves, Hendrik Poorter, Richard Finkers, Marie-Angélique Laporte, Kristina Gruden, Elizabeth Arnaud, Ricardo H. Ramirez-Gonzalez, Paul J. Kersey, Anne-Françoise Adam-Blondon, Frederik Coppens, Richard Ostler, Matthias Lange, Wageningen University and Research [Wageningen] (WUR), Instituto Gulbenkian de Ciência [Oeiras] (IGC), Fundação Calouste Gulbenkian, Instituto de Engenharia de Sistemas e Computadores (INESC), Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research [Gatersleben] (IPK-Gatersleben), Bioversity International [Montpellier], Bioversity International [Rome], Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research [CGIAR] (CGIAR)-Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research [CGIAR] (CGIAR), Geo-Information Science and Remote Sensing Laboratory, Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier (ITQB), Universidade Nova de Lisboa = NOVA University Lisbon (NOVA), Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica (IBET), Department of plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, University of Gent, VIBUGent Center for Plant Systems Biology, Unité de Recherche Génomique Info (URGI), Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), BioISI, Universidade de Lisboa (ULISBOA), Polish Academy of Sciences, Institute of Plant Genetics, Department of Integrative Plant Biology, Partenaires INRAE, Department of Biotechnology and Systems Biology, National Institute of Biology [Ljubljana] (NIB), Southern Cross Plant Science, Southern Cross University (SCU), Computational and Analytical Sciences, Rothamsted Research, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH | Centre de recherche de Juliers, Helmholtz-Gemeinschaft = Helmholtz Association, University North Ryde, John Innes Centre [Norwich], University of Oxford [Oxford], Écophysiologie des Plantes sous Stress environnementaux (LEPSE), Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), RWTH Aachen University, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew Richmond, European Project: 676559,H2020,H2020-INFRADEV-1-2015-1,ELIXIR-EXCELERATE(2015), European Project: 739514,EMPHASIS-PREP, European Project: 634107,H2020,H2020-PHC-2014-two-stage,MULTIMOT(2015), European Project: 654241,H2020,H2020-EINFRA-2014-2,PhenoMeNal(2015), Universiteit Gent = Ghent University (UGENT), Universidade de Lisboa = University of Lisbon (ULISBOA), Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council (BBSRC)-Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council (BBSRC), Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council (BBSRC), University of Oxford, Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut Agro - Montpellier SupAgro, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), and Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule Aachen University (RWTH)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, 0301 basic medicine, Computer science, Physiology, Interoperability, [SDV.SA.AGRO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences/Agronomy, WASS, interoperability, Plant Science, MINIMUM INFORMATION, 01 natural sciences, Domain (software engineering), law.invention, 03 medical and health sciences, plant phenotyping, Laboratorium voor Plantenveredeling, Knowledge extraction, Laboratory of Geo-information Science and Remote Sensing, law, Methods, [SDV.BV]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology, Laboratorium voor Geo-informatiekunde en Remote Sensing, Implementation, Reusability, Research, metadata, Biology and Life Sciences, phenomics, Plants, findability, PE&RC, Data science, ONTOLOGIES, Metadata, Plant Breeding, 030104 developmental biology, ddc:580, Data model, VOCABULARY, CLARITY, reusability, standards, EPS, 010606 plant biology & botany, REPOSITORY
Abstract: The new phytologist 227(1), 260-273 (2020). doi:10.1111/nph.16544, Published by Wiley-Blackwell, Oxford [u.a.]
Published: 2020

31. Identification of key tissue-specific, biological processes by integrating enhancer information in maize gene regulatory networks

Author: Anthony Venon, Julien Rozière, Johann Joets, Olivier Turc, Stéphanie Pateyron, Marieke L. Kuijjer, Maike Stam, Clémentine Vitte, Maud Fagny, Génétique Quantitative et Evolution - Le Moulon (Génétique Végétale) (GQE-Le Moulon), AgroParisTech-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Centre for Molecular Medicine Norway (NCMM), Faculty of Medicine [Oslo], University of Oslo (UiO)-University of Oslo (UiO)-Rigshospitalet [Copenhagen], Copenhagen University Hospital-Copenhagen University Hospital, Leiden University Medical Center (LUMC), Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences (SILS), University of Amsterdam [Amsterdam] (UvA), Écophysiologie des Plantes sous Stress environnementaux (LEPSE), Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Institut des Sciences des Plantes de Paris-Saclay (IPS2 (UMR_9213 / UMR_1403)), Université d'Évry-Val-d'Essonne (UEVE)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), ANR-10-BTBR-0001,AMAIZING,Développer de nouvelles variétés de maïs pour une agriculture durable: une approche intégrée de la génomique à la sélection(2010), ANR-17-EURE-0007,SPS-GSR,Ecole Universitaire de Recherche de Sciences des Plantes de Paris-Saclay(2017), Investment for the Future ANR-10-BTBR-01-01 Amaizing program, Amaizing, Plant Development & (Epi)Genetics (SILS, FNWI), Universiteit Leiden, Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut Agro - Montpellier SupAgro, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), and Université d'Évry-Val-d'Essonne (UEVE)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Systems biology, Gene regulatory network, Computational biology, Biology, Zea mays, 01 natural sciences, 03 medical and health sciences, mite, [SDV.BBM.GTP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biochemistry, Molecular Biology/Genomics [q-bio.GN], Gene expression, Genetics, [SDV.BV]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology, TIR transposon, Enhancer, gene regulatory networks, Transcription factor, Gene, Original Research, 030304 developmental biology, Epigenomics, 2. Zero hunger, 0303 health sciences, [SDV.BIBS]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Quantitative Methods [q-bio.QM], husk, Maize, DNA binding site, transcription factor binding sites, enhancers, transposable elements, 010606 plant biology & botany
Abstract: Enhancers are important regulators of gene expression during numerous crucial processes including tissue differentiation across development. In plants, their recent molecular characterization revealed their capacity to activate the expression of several target genes through the binding of transcription factors. Nevertheless, identifying these target genes at a genome-wide level remains a challenge, in particular in species with large genomes, where enhancers and target genes can be hundreds of kilobases away. Therefore, the contribution of enhancers to regulatory network is still poorly understood in plants. In this study, we investigate the enhancer-driven regulatory network of two maize tissues at different stages: leaves at seedling stage and husks (bracts) at flowering. Using a systems biology approach, we integrate genomic, epigenomic and transcriptomic data to model the regulatory relationship between transcription factors and their potential target genes. We identify regulatory modules specific to husk and V2-IST, and show that they are involved in distinct functions related to the biology of each tissue. We evidence enhancers exhibiting binding sites for two distinct transcription factor families (DOF and AP2/ERF) that drive the tissue-specificity of gene expression in seedling immature leaf and husk. Analysis of the corresponding enhancer sequences reveals that two different transposable element families (TIR transposon Mutator and MITE Pif/Harbinger) have shaped the regulatory network in each tissue, and that MITEs have provided new transcription factor binding sites that are involved in husk tissue-specificity.SignificanceEnhancers play a major role in regulating tissue-specific gene expression in higher eukaryotes, including angiosperms. While molecular characterization of enhancers has improved over the past years, identifying their target genes at the genome-wide scale remains challenging. Here, we integrate genomic, epigenomic and transcriptomic data to decipher the tissue-specific gene regulatory network controlled by enhancers at two different stages of maize leaf development. Using a systems biology approach, we identify transcription factor families regulating gene tissue-specific expression in husk and seedling leaves, and characterize the enhancers likely to be involved. We show that a large part of maize enhancers is derived from transposable elements, which can provide novel transcription factor binding sites crucial to the regulation of tissue-specific biological functions.
Published: 2020

32. Weeds: Against the Rules?

Author: Jonathan Storkey, Guillaume Fried, Lucie Mahaut, Pierre-Olivier Cheptou, François Bretagnolle, François Vasseur, Cyrille Violle, François Munoz, Centre d’Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive (CEFE), Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UPVM)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Unité entomologie et plantes invasives, Laboratoire de la Santé des Végétaux, Agence nationale de sécurité sanitaire de l'alimentation, de l'environnement et du travail (ANSES)-Agence nationale de sécurité sanitaire de l'alimentation, de l'environnement et du travail (ANSES), Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire de Physique [Saint Martin d’Hères] (LIPhy ), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), Rothamsted Research, Écophysiologie des Plantes sous Stress environnementaux (LEPSE), Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Biogéosciences [UMR 6282] [Dijon] (BGS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Bourgogne (UB)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement, French Foundation for Research on Biodiversity (FRB, European Research Council (ERC) starting grant project ‘Ecophysiological and Biophysical Constraints on Domestication in Crop Plants’ (grant ERC-StG-2014-639706-CONSTRAINTS), the FRB, and the European Development Fund (EDF) in the context of CESAB project ‘Causes and Consequences of Functional Rarity from Local to Global Scales’ (FREE)., Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UPVM)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut Agro - Montpellier SupAgro, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), Unité entomologie et plantes invasives (LSV Montpellier), Laboratoire de la santé des végétaux (LSV), Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council (BBSRC), Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut Agro - Montpellier SupAgro, Biogéosciences [UMR 6282] (BGS), and Université de Bourgogne (UB)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, 0301 basic medicine, Plant Weeds, Plant Science, Biology, Ecological systems theory, eco-evolutionary dynamics, 01 natural sciences, Novel ecosystem, 03 medical and health sciences, Anthropocene, ecological novelty, Humans, Natural (music), functional trait, Ecosystem, Ecology, Community assembly, business.industry, Eco-evolutionary dynamics, Novelty, Agriculture, Environmental ethics, 15. Life on land, Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Biological Evolution, Functional trait, 030104 developmental biology, 13. Climate action, community assembly, Evolutionary ecology, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, business, 010606 plant biology & botany
Abstract: International audience; Establishing laws of plant and ecosystems functioning has been an overarching objective of functional and evolutionary ecology. However, most theories neglect the role of human activities in creating novel ecosystems characterized by species assemblages and environmental factors that are not observed in natural systems. We argue that agricultural weeds, as an emblematic case of such an ‘ecological novelty’, constitute an original and underutilized model for challenging current concepts in ecology and evolution. We highlight key aspects of weed ecology and evolutionary biology that can help to test and recast ecological and evolutionary laws in a changing world. We invite ecologists to seize upon weeds as a model system to improve our understanding of the short-term and long-term dynamics of ecological systems in the Anthropocene.
Published: 2020

33. Omics data reveal putative regulators of einkorn grain protein composition under sulfur deficiency

Author: Titouan Bonnot, Victor Hatte, Philippe Leroy, Catherine Ravel, Pierre Martre, Annick Moing, Marie Pailloux, Mireille Dardevet, Emmanuelle Bancel, Yves Gibon, Camille Bénard, Catherine Deborde, Marie-Laure Martin-Magniette, Natalia Falagán, Génétique Diversité et Ecophysiologie des Céréales (GDEC), Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020])-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), University of California [Riverside] (UC Riverside), University of California (UC), Écophysiologie des Plantes sous Stress environnementaux (LEPSE), Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut Agro - Montpellier SupAgro, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), Biologie du fruit et pathologie (BFP), Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Institut des Sciences des Plantes de Paris-Saclay (IPS2 (UMR_9213 / UMR_1403)), Université d'Évry-Val-d'Essonne (UEVE)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Mathématiques et Informatique Appliquées (MIA Paris-Saclay), AgroParisTech-Université Paris-Saclay-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Laboratoire d'Informatique, de Modélisation et d'Optimisation des Systèmes (LIMOS), Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Mines de St Etienne (ENSM ST-ETIENNE)-Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Ministère de l'Enseignement Supérieur et de la Recherche, France AgriMer, French Fund Supporting Plant 46 Breeding (FSOV), ANR-10-BTBR-0003,BREEDWHEAT,Développer de nouvelles variétés de blé pour une agriculture durable(2010), ANR-11-INBS-0010,METABOHUB,Développement d'une infrastructure française distribuée pour la métabolomique dédiée à l'innovation(2011), ANR-10-LABX-0040,SPS,Saclay Plant Sciences(2010), European Project: 613556,EC:FP7:KBBE,FP7-KBBE-2013-7-single-stage,WHEALBI(2014), University of California [Riverside] (UCR), University of California, Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Université d'Évry-Val-d'Essonne (UEVE)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Mathématiques et Informatique Appliquées (MIA-Paris), Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-AgroParisTech-Université Paris-Saclay, and Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Mines de St Etienne-Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Triticum monococcum, Physiology, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Sulfur metabolism, Plant Science, Biology, Einkorn (Triticum monococcum), Composition de la protéine du grain, 01 natural sciences, Nitrogen 69 and sulphur nutrition, Transcriptome, [SDV.GEN.GPL]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Genetics/Plants genetics, Gene Expression Regulation, Plant, Genetics, Metabolome, Grain Proteins, Gene, Triticum, Research Articles, Plant Proteins, 2. Zero hunger, Regulation of gene expression, Grain protein composition, Plant physiology, food and beverages, Réseau de régulation, Metabolism, Diploidy, Regulatory networks, Métabolome, Biochemistry, Ploidy, Sulfur, 010606 plant biology & botany
Abstract: International audience; Understanding the molecular mechanisms controlling the accumulation of grain storage proteins in response to nitrogen (N) and sulfur (S) nutrition is essential to improve cereal grain nutritional and functional properties. Here, we studied the grain transcriptome and metabolome responses to postanthesis N and S supply for the diploid wheat einkorn (Triticum monococcum). During grain filling, 848 transcripts and 24 metabolites were differentially accumulated in response to N and S availability. The accumulation of total free amino acids per grain and the expression levels of 241 genes showed significant modifications during most of the grain filling period and were upregulated in response to S deficiency. Among them, 24 transcripts strongly responded to S deficiency and were identified in coexpression network analyses as potential coordinators of the grain response to N and S supply. Sulfate transporters and genes involved in sulfate and Met metabolism were upregulated, suggesting regulation of the pool of free amino acids and of the grain N-to-S ratio. Several genes highlighted in this study might limit the impact of S deficiency on the accumulation of grain storage proteins.Sulfur deficiency in einkorn grain leads to upregulation of genes acting in sulfur transport and metabolism that may coordinate the pool of free amino acids necessary for storage protein synthesis.
Published: 2020

34. Evaluation of pulse crops’ functional diversity supporting food production

Author: Hélène Marrou, Michel Edmond Ghanem, Denis Vile, Jacques Wery, Julie Guiguitant, Fonctionnement et conduite des systèmes de culture tropicaux et méditerranéens (UMR SYSTEM), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Centre International de Hautes Etudes Agronomiques Méditerranéennes - Institut Agronomique Méditerranéen de Montpellier (CIHEAM-IAMM), Centre International de Hautes Études Agronomiques Méditerranéennes (CIHEAM)-Centre International de Hautes Études Agronomiques Méditerranéennes (CIHEAM)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Écophysiologie des Plantes sous Stress environnementaux (LEPSE), Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), International Center for Agricultural Research in the Dry Areas [Syrie] (ICARDA), Mohammed VI Polytechnic University [Marocco] (UM6P), International Center for Agricultural Research in the Dry Areas [Egypte] (ICARDA), International Center for Agricultural Research in the Dry Areas (ICARDA), Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research [CGIAR] (CGIAR)-Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research [CGIAR] (CGIAR), Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), French National Research Agency (ANR), Arimnet international program, Occitanie Region, European Project: 219262,EC:FP7:KBBE,FP7-ERANET-2007-RTD,ARIMNET(2008), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Centre International de Hautes Etudes Agronomiques Méditerranéennes - Institut Agronomique Méditerranéen de Montpellier (CIHEAM-IAMM), Centre International de Hautes Études Agronomiques Méditerranéennes (CIHEAM)-Centre International de Hautes Études Agronomiques Méditerranéennes (CIHEAM)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut Agro - Montpellier SupAgro, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut Agro - Montpellier SupAgro, and Université Mohammed VI Polytechnique [Ben Guerir] (UM6P)
Subjects: Crops, Agricultural, 0106 biological sciences, Agroecosystem, Adaptive strategies, Plant physiology, lcsh:Medicine, Biology, Models, Biological, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Article, Plant breeding, Ecosystem services, lcsh:Science, Plant ecology, Ecosystem, Environmental gradient, 2. Zero hunger, Multidisciplinary, lcsh:R, food and beverages, Interspecific competition, 15. Life on land, Crop Production, [SDV.BV.AP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology/Plant breeding, Natural variation in plants, Agronomy, Trait, Food systems, lcsh:Q, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, Weed, Agroecology, 010606 plant biology & botany
Abstract: Pulses, defined as legumes which produce dry seed used for human consumption, are plants of great agronomic value, at the food system level as much as the field level but their diversity has been largely underused. This study aimed at analyzing existing data on cultivated pulse species in the literature to provide a broad and structured description of pulses’ interspecific functional diversity. We used a functional trait-based approach to evaluate how pulse diversity could support food production in agroecosystems constrained by low water and nutrient availability and exposed to high weed pressure. We gathered data for 17 functional traits and six agroecosystem properties for 43 pulse species. Our analytical framework highlights the correlations and combinations of functional traits that best predict values of six agroecosystem properties defined as ecosystem services estimates. We show that pulse diversity has been structured both by breeding and by an environmental gradient. The covariance space corresponding to agroecosystem properties was structured by three properties: producers, competitors, stress-tolerant species. The distribution of crop species in this functional space reflected ecological adaptive strategies described in wild species, where the size-related axis of variation is separated from variation of leaf morpho-physiological traits. Six agroecosystem properties were predicted by different combinations of traits. However, we identified ubiquitous plant traits such as leaflet length, days to maturity, seed weight, and leaf nitrogen content, that discriminated agroecosystem properties and allowed us to gather individual species into three clusters, representative of the three strategies highlighted earlier. Implications for pulses provisioning of services in agroecosystems are discussed.
Published: 2020

35. Why do crop models diverge substantially in climate impact projections? A comprehensive analysis based on eight barley crop models

Author: Kurt Christian Kersebaum, Frank Ewert, Carlos Gregorio Hernández Díaz-Ambrona, Pierre Martre, Fulu Tao, Tapio Salo, Camilla Dibari, Xenia Specka, Lucía Rodríguez, Roberto Ferrise, Amit Kumar Srivastava, G. Padovan, Taru Palosuo, Davide Cammarano, Margarita Ruiz-Ramos, M. Ines Minguez, Alan H. Schulman, Mikhail A. Semenov, Thomas Gaiser, Claas Nendel, Reimund P. Rötter, Jukka Höhn, Viikki Plant Science Centre (ViPS), Institute of Biotechnology, Natural Resources Institute Finland (LUKE), Georg-August-University [Göttingen], Centre for Biodiversity and Sustainable Land Use (CBL), Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM), Rothamsted Research, Leibniz-Zentrum für Agrarlandschaftsforschung = Leibniz Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research (ZALF), Department of Agronomy, Purdue University [West Lafayette], Crop Science Group, INRES, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, Università degli Studi di Firenze = University of Florence [Firenze] (UNIFI), Écophysiologie des Plantes sous Stress environnementaux (LEPSE), Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), University of Helsinki, FACCE-MACSUR knowledge hub (031A103B), Academy of Finland through projects AI-CropPro (decision no. 316172), DivCSA (decision no. 316215), Natural Resources Institute Finland through strategic projects ClimSmartAgri and Boost-IA, German Federal Ministry of Education and Research, ‘Limpopo Living Landscapes’ project within the SPACES program (grant number 01LL1304A), IMPAC^3 project funded by the German Federal Ministry of Education and Research (FKZ 031A351A), MULCLIVAR CGL2012-38923-C02-02 from MINECO and by MACSUR01-UPM from INIA within FACCE-JPI, German Federal Ministry of Food and Agriculture (BMEL) through the Federal Office for Agriculture and Food (BLE), (2851ERA01J), German Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF), 031B0039C, FACCE-MACSUR project (031A103B) through the metaprogramme on Adaptation of Agriculture and Forests to Climate Change (AAFCC) of the French National Institute for Agricultural Research (INRA), FACCE-JPI project ClimBar (Academy of Finland decision 284987), JPI FACCE MACSUR2 through the Italian Ministry for Agricultural, Food, and Forestry Policies, Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council (BBSRC) Designing Future Wheat project (BB/P016855/1)., European Project: 613556,EC:FP7:KBBE,FP7-KBBE-2013-7-single-stage,WHEALBI(2014), Georg-August-University = Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council (BBSRC), Università degli Studi di Firenze = University of Florence (UniFI), Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut Agro - Montpellier SupAgro, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), and Helsingin yliopisto = Helsingfors universitet = University of Helsinki
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Mediterranean climate, Atmospheric Science, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, AIR CO2 ENRICHMENT, Climate change, Crop growth simulation, Agricultural engineering, SIMULATION-MODELS, 01 natural sciences, NITROGEN DYNAMICS, Evapotranspiration, [SDV.BV]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology, Precipitation, ATMOSPHERIC CO2, FIELD EXPERIMENT, TEMPERATURE, 1172 Environmental sciences, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, 2. Zero hunger, Global and Planetary Change, Biomass (ecology), RICE PHENOLOGY, WHEAT GROWTH, Crop growth stimulation, business.industry, Model improvement, Global warming, Uncertainty, Forestry, Agriculture, 15. Life on land, 11831 Plant biology, [INFO.INFO-MO]Computer Science [cs]/Modeling and Simulation, Impact, Boreal, 13. Climate action, 415 Other agricultural sciences, Environmental science, business, ELEVATED CO2, Agronomy and Crop Science, 010606 plant biology & botany
Abstract: International audience; Robust projections of climate impact on crop growth and productivity by crop models are key to designing effective adaptations to cope with future climate risk. However, current crop models diverge strongly in their climate impact projections. Previous studies tried to compare or improve crop models regarding the impact of one single climate variable. However, this approach is insufficient, considering that crop growth and yield are affected by the interactive impacts of multiple climate change factors and multiple interrelated biophysical processes. Here, a new comprehensive analysis was conducted to look holistically at the reasons why crop models diverge substantially in climate impact projections and to investigate which biophysical processes and knowledge gaps are key factors affecting this uncertainty and should be given the highest priorities for improvement. First, eight barley models and eight climate projections for the 2050s were applied to investigate the uncertainty from crop model structure in climate impact projections for barley growth and yield at two sites: Jokioinen, Finland (Boreal) and Lleida, Spain (Mediterranean). Sensitivity analyses were then conducted on the responses of major crop processes to major climatic variables including temperature, precipitation, irradiation, and CO2, as well as their interactions, for each of the eight crop models. The results showed that the temperature and CO2 relationships in the models were the major sources of the large discrepancies among the models in climate impact projections. In particular, the impacts of increases in temperature and CO2 on leaf area development were identified as the major causes for the large uncertainty in simulating changes in evapotranspiration, above-ground biomass, and grain yield. Our findings highlight that advancements in understanding the basic processes and thresholds by which climate warming and CO2 increases will affect leaf area development, crop evapotranspiration, photosynthesis, and grain formation in contrasting environments are needed for modeling their impacts.
Published: 2020

36. Modification of the expression of the aquaporin ZmPIP2;5 affects water relations and plant growth

Author: François Chaumont, Adel Meziane, Boris Parent, Dirk Inzé, François Tardieu, Valentin Couvreur, Thomas Milhiet, Xavier Draye, Mieke Van Lijsebettens, Stijn Aesaert, Hilde Nelissen, Lei Ding, Université Catholique de Louvain = Catholic University of Louvain (UCL), Universiteit Gent = Ghent University [Belgium] (UGENT), Écophysiologie des Plantes sous Stress environnementaux (LEPSE), Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Belgian National Fund for Scientific 44Research (FNRS, FRFC 2.4.501.06F), the Interuniversity Attraction Poles Programme-Belgian Science Policy(grant IAP7/29), the 'Communauté française de Belgique-Actions de Recherches Concertées' (grants ARC11/16-036 and ARC16/21-075), the Pierre and Colette Bauchau Award, Incoming Post-doc Move-in Louvain Fellowships co-funded by the Marie Curie Actions, research fellow at the Fonds de Formation à la Recherche dans l’Industrie et l’Agriculture, the FNRS 50(FC 84104)., UCL - SST/LIBST - Louvain Institute of Biomolecular Science and Technology, and UCL - SST/ELI/ELIA - Agronomy
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Physiology, Leaf Hydraulic Conductance, Aquaporin, Transport, Plant Science, Aquaporins, 01 natural sciences, Plant Roots, Zea mays, Plasma-membrane Aquaporins, Hydraulic conductivity, Gene Expression Regulation, Plant, Xylem, Exodermis, Genetics, [SDV.BV]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology, Research Articles, Conductivity, Drought, Chemistry, Primary Root, fungi, Wild type, Plant physiology, Water, Biology and Life Sciences, food and beverages, Plant Transpiration, Vascular bundle, Apoplast, Plant Leaves, Biophysics, Evaporative Demand, Growth-rate, Bundle-sheath, lipids (amino acids, peptides, and proteins), Endodermis, Cell, 010606 plant biology & botany
Abstract: The maize plasma membrane PIP2;5 aquaporin plays a role in controlling root radial water movement, leaf hydraulic conductivity, and plant growth. The plasma membrane intrinsic protein PIP2;5 is the most highly expressed aquaporin in maize (Zea mays) roots. Here, we investigated how deregulation of PIP2;5 expression affects water relations and growth using maize overexpression (OE; B104 inbred) or knockout (KO; W22 inbred) lines. The hydraulic conductivity of the cortex cells of roots grown hydroponically was higher in PIP2;5 OE and lower in pip2;5 KO lines compared with the corresponding wild-type plants. While whole-root conductivity decreased in the KO lines compared to the wild type, no difference was observed in OE plants. This paradox was interpreted using the MECHA hydraulic model, which computes the radial flow of water within root sections. The model hints that the plasma membrane permeability of the cells is not radially uniform but that PIP2;5 may be saturated in cell layers with apoplastic barriers, i.e. the endodermis and exodermis, suggesting the presence of posttranslational mechanisms controlling the abundance of PIP in the plasma membrane in these cells. At the leaf level, where the PIP2;5 gene is weakly expressed in wild-type plants, the hydraulic conductance was higher in the PIP2;5 OE lines compared with the wild-type plants, whereas no difference was observed in the pip2;5 KO lines. The temporal trend of leaf elongation rate, used as a proxy for that of xylem water potential, was faster in PIP2;5 OE plants upon mild stress, but not in well-watered conditions, demonstrating that PIP2;5 may play a beneficial role in plant growth under specific conditions.
Published: 2020

37. Modelling nitrogen and light sharing in pea-wheat intercrops to design decision rules for N fertilisation according to farmers’ expectations

Author: Christophe Naudin, Marie-Hélène Jeuffroy, Mathilde Sester, Guénaëlle Corre-Hellou, Philippe Malagoli, Sylvain Vrignon-Brenas, Laboratoire de Physique et Physiologie Intégratives de l’Arbre en environnement Fluctuant - Clermont Auvergne (PIAF), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Clermont Auvergne (UCA), Ecole supérieure d'Agricultures d'Angers (ESA), Écophysiologie des Plantes sous Stress environnementaux (LEPSE), Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro), Agroécologie et Intensification Durables des cultures annuelles (UPR AIDA), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad), Agronomie, AgroParisTech-Université Paris-Saclay-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), This work was jointly funded by ADEME (Agence de l’Environnement et de la Maîtrise de l’Énergie, France), CASDAR n°431 (Compte d'Affectation Spéciale pour le Développement Agricole et Rural, France), Conseil Général of Maine-et-Loire, and UNIP (Union National des plantes riches en Protéines, France)., Légumineuses, Ecophysiologie Végétale, Agroécologie (LEVA), Ecole supérieure d'Agricultures d'Angers (ESA)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Département Performances des systèmes de production et de transformation tropicaux (Cirad-PERSYST), CASDAR n°431 (Compte d'Affectation Spéciale pour le Développement Agricole et Rural, France), Conseil Général of Maine-et-Loire, UNIP (Union National des plantes riches en Protéines, France)., and ADEME (Agence de l’Environnement et de la Maîtrise de l’Énergie, France)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, [SDV.SA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences, Light, Disponibilité nutriments (sol), Agricultural engineering, 01 natural sciences, Climatic data, Triticum, media_common, Mathematics, 2. Zero hunger, biology, U10 - Informatique, mathématiques et statistiques, Intercropping, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, Nitrogen, Variable (computer science), [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Intercrop, Interception, media_common.quotation_subject, Soil Science, chemistry.chemical_element, Lumière, Competition (biology), Fertilisation, Culture intercalaire, Scenarios, Pisum sativum, Modélisation des cultures, Engrais azoté, Climatic variability, Decision rule, 15. Life on land, biology.organism_classification, chemistry, 040103 agronomy & agriculture, 0401 agriculture, forestry, and fisheries, Agronomy and Crop Science, 010606 plant biology & botany, F04 - Fertilisation
Abstract: International audience; Cereal-legume intercropping has gained increased interest in Europe. Nevertheless, performance and especially the percentage of each species at harvest are often considered highly variable. Nitrogen (N) fertilisation can be a relevant driving factor affecting the percentage of each species at harvest. Soil N availability influences competition for light and nitrogen in cereal-legume intercrops. However, management of N fertilisation still remains unclear for intercrops. Few references on the effects of a range of strategies of N fertilisation are available to guide farmers with relevant decision rules considering their expectations. Here, a modelling approach was proposed to simulate interactions between light and N acquisition of a pea-wheat intercrop and to test different scenarios for the management of such intercrops. A model (Azodyn-IC) was built resulting from the combination of two existing individual-crop models (AZODYN and AFISOL) and by applying rules of light and soil inorganic nitrogen sharing between the intercropped pea and wheat. Evaluation of the model outputs with experimental data showed satisfactory predictions of the studied variables (N accumulation, LAI, and crop dry weight). The model validated both resource sharing and light-N interactions. Furthermore, the model was able to respond to increases in inorganic N availability based upon straightforward formalisms. Simulating unmeasured variables, such as root growth and light interception and use by each species, improved our understanding of the relative dominance of each species for acquiring resources. Eventually, the model was used to simulate different scenarios of N fertilisation over 26 years of climatic data to account for climatic variability. We demonstrated the interest of such a modelling approach to design decision rules of N fertilisation according to farmers’ expectations.
Published: 2020

38. The Transcription Factor bHLH121 Interacts with bHLH105 (ILR3) and its Closest Homologs to Regulate Iron Homeostasis in Arabidopsis

Author: Valérie Rofidal, Nathalia Navarro, Frédéric Gaymard, Esther Izquierdo, Christian Dubos, Kevin Robe, Florence Vignols, Véronique Santoni, Fei Gao, Hannetz Roschzttardtz, Mathilde Bettembourg, China Agricultural University (CAU), Biochimie et Physiologie Moléculaire des Plantes (BPMP), Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Écophysiologie des Plantes sous Stress environnementaux (LEPSE), Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro), Plateforme de Spectrométrie de Masse Protéomique - Mass Spectrometry Proteomics Platform (MSPP), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, 0301 basic medicine, Iron, Ubiquitin-Protein Ligases, Mutant, Arabidopsis, Basic helix-loop-helix leucine zipper transcription factors, Plant Science, 01 natural sciences, Plant Roots, In Brief, 03 medical and health sciences, Gene Knockout Techniques, Hydroponics, Gene Expression Regulation, Plant, Basic Helix-Loop-Helix Transcription Factors, Arabidopsis thaliana, Homeostasis, [SDV.BV]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology, Gene Regulatory Networks, Transcription factor, Cellular localization, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Regulation of gene expression, biology, Arabidopsis Proteins, Basic Helix-Loop-Helix Leucine Zipper Transcription Factors, Nuclear Proteins, Cell Biology, biology.organism_classification, Plants, Genetically Modified, Cell biology, 030104 developmental biology, Transcription Factor Gene, Transcriptome, 010606 plant biology & botany, Transcription Factors
Abstract: Iron (Fe) is an essential micronutrient for plant growth and development. Any defects in the maintenance of Fe homeostasis will alter plant productivity and the quality of their derived products. In Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana), the transcription factor ILR3 plays a central role in controlling Fe homeostasis. In this study, we identified bHLH121 as an ILR3-interacting transcription factor. Interaction studies showed that bHLH121 also interacts with the three closest homologs of ILR3 (i.e., basic-helix-loop-helix 34 [bHLH34], bHLH104, and bHLH115). bhlh121 loss-of-function mutants displayed severe defects in Fe homeostasis that could be reverted by exogenous Fe supply. bHLH121 acts as a direct transcriptional activator of key genes involved in the Fe regulatory network, including bHLH38, bHLH39, bHLH100, bHLH101, POPEYE, BRUTUS, and BRUTUS LIKE1, as well as IRONMAN1 and IRONMAN2. In addition, bHLH121 is necessary for activating the expression of transcription factor gene FIT in response to Fe deficiency via an indirect mechanism. bHLH121 is expressed throughout the plant body, and its expression is not affected by Fe availability. By contrast, Fe availability affects the cellular localization of bHLH121 protein in roots. Altogether, these data show that bHLH121 is a regulator of Fe homeostasis that acts upstream of FIT in concert with ILR3 and its closest homologs.
Published: 2020

39. Reuse of process-based models: Automatic transformation into many programming languages and simulation platforms

Author: Ioannis N. Athanasiadis, Christophe Pradal, Cyrille Ahmed Midingoyi, Frédérick Garcia, Cheryl Porter, Peter J. Thorburn, Pierre Martre, Helene Raynal, Gerrit Hoogenboom, Marcello Donatelli, Davide Fumagalli, Dean Holzworth, Andreas Enders, Écophysiologie des Plantes sous Stress environnementaux (LEPSE), Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Amélioration génétique et adaptation des plantes méditerranéennes et tropicales (UMR AGAP), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Scientific Data Management (ZENITH), Laboratoire d'Informatique de Robotique et de Microélectronique de Montpellier (LIRMM), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Inria Sophia Antipolis - Méditerranée (CRISAM), Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria), Département Systèmes Biologiques (Cirad-BIOS), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad), Wageningen University and Research [Wageningen] (WUR), Consiglio per la Ricerca in Agricoltura e l’analisi dell’economia agraria (CREA), Institut für Nutzpflanzenwissenschaften und Ressourcenschutz (INRES), Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, European Commission - Joint Research Centre [Ispra] (JRC), JRC Institute for Environment and Sustainability (IES), Unité de Mathématiques et Informatique Appliquées de Toulouse (MIAT INRA), Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation [Canberra] (CSIRO), University of Florida [Gainesville] (UF), AGroécologie, Innovations, teRritoires (AGIR), Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), ANR-16-CONV-0004,DIGITAG,Institut Convergences en Agriculture Numérique(2016), European Project: 817617,H2020,IPM Decisions(2019), European Project: 810775,DRAGON, Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut Agro - Montpellier SupAgro, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut Agro - Montpellier SupAgro, Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Inria Sophia Antipolis - Méditerranée (CRISAM), Consiglio per la Ricerca in Agricoltura e l’analisi dell’economia agraria = Council for Agricultural Research and Economics (CREA), Unité de Mathématiques et Informatique Appliquées de Toulouse (MIAT INRAE), and Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)
Subjects: [SDV.SA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences, Source code, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Java, Computer science, media_common.quotation_subject, Plant Science, Reuse, computer.software_genre, 01 natural sciences, Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (miscellaneous), Laboratory of Geo-information Science and Remote Sensing, F01 - Culture des plantes, Laboratorium voor Geo-informatiekunde en Remote Sensing, Crop model, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, media_common, Reusability, computer.programming_language, business.industry, Programming language, U10 - Informatique, mathématiques et statistiques, Modélisation des cultures, model reuse, source transformation, Modèle de simulation, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, Modular design, Python (programming language), PE&RC, [INFO.INFO-MO]Computer Science [cs]/Modeling and Simulation, software reuse, transpiler, Modeling and Simulation, 040103 agronomy & agriculture, Programming paradigm, 0401 agriculture, forestry, and fisheries, Software design, business, Agronomy and Crop Science, computer
Abstract: The diversity of plant and crop process-based modelling platforms in terms of implementation language, software design and architectural constraints limits the reusability of the model components outside the platform in which they were originally developed, making model reuse a persistent issue. To facilitate the intercomparison and improvement of process-based models and the exchange of model components, several groups in the field joined to create the Agricultural Model Exchange Initiative (AMEI). Agricultural Model Exchange Initiative proposes a centralized framework for exchanging and reusing model components. It provides a modular and declarative approach to describe the specification of unit models and their composition. A model algorithm is associated with each model specification, which implements its mathematical behaviour. This paper focuses on the expression of the model algorithm independently of the platform specificities, and how the model algorithm can be seamlessly integrated into different platforms. We define CyML, a Cython-derived language with minimum specifications to implement model component algorithms. We also propose CyMLT, an extensible source-to-source transformation system that transforms CyML source code into different target languages such as Fortran, C#, C++, Java and Python, and into different programming paradigms. CyMLT is also able to generate model components to target modelling platforms such as DSSAT, BioMA, Record, SIMPLACE and OpenAlea. We demonstrate our reuse approach with a simple unit model and the capacity to extend CyMLT with other languages and platforms. The approach we present here will help to improve the reproducibility, exchange and reuse of process-based models.
Published: 2020

40. iCROPM 2020: Crop Modeling for the Future

Author: Christophe Pradal, Pierre Martre, Eric Justes, Franck Ewert, Marie Launay, Gerrit Hoogenboom, Senthold Asseng, University of Florida [Gainesville] (UF), Département Performances des systèmes de production et de transformation tropicaux (Cirad-PERSYST), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad), Amélioration génétique et adaptation des plantes méditerranéennes et tropicales (UMR AGAP), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Scientific Data Management (ZENITH), Laboratoire d'Informatique de Robotique et de Microélectronique de Montpellier (LIRMM), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Inria Sophia Antipolis - Méditerranée (CRISAM), Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria), Agroclim (AGROCLIM), Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Technische Universität Munchen - Université Technique de Munich [Munich, Allemagne] (TUM), University of Bonn, Écophysiologie des Plantes sous Stress environnementaux (LEPSE), Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Technical University of Munich (TUM), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut Agro - Montpellier SupAgro, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Inria Sophia Antipolis - Méditerranée (CRISAM), Universität Bonn = University of Bonn, and Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut Agro - Montpellier SupAgro
Subjects: [SDV.SA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Computer science, 01 natural sciences, Crop, F01 - Culture des plantes, Genetics, Climate change, Model development, Environmental impact assessment, Cropping system, Modélisation environnementale, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, U10 - Informatique, mathématiques et statistiques, Modélisation des cultures, business.industry, Environmental resource management, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, food security, Private sector, simulation, sustainability, [INFO.INFO-MO]Computer Science [cs]/Modeling and Simulation, Outreach, 040103 agronomy & agriculture, 0401 agriculture, forestry, and fisheries, Animal Science and Zoology, business, Agronomy and Crop Science
Abstract: During the past decade, the interest in using crop models for research, education, extension, outreach and in the private sector has rapidly increased. The iCROPM 2020 Symposium entitled ‘Crop Modeling for the Future’, held in February 2020, therefore, provided a great opportunity for over 400 scientists from 50 different countries to exchange information on crop model development, evaluation with experimental data and implementation. A key outcome was the understanding that crop models simulate the dynamics of the soil-plant-atmosphere continuum. Thus, the models can be used for a quantitative and multi-criteria assessment of cropping system functioning, agronomic performance and environmental impact. This should result in more practical applications that can provide actionable information for stakeholders.
Published: 2020

41. A functional structural model of grass development based on metabolic regulations and coordination rules

Author: Christophe Pradal, Romain Barillot, Camille Chambon, Anne Schneider, Bruno Andrieu, Christian Fournier, Marion Gauthier, Corinne Robert, Ecologie fonctionnelle et écotoxicologie des agroécosystèmes (ECOSYS), AgroParisTech-Université Paris-Saclay-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), ITK [Clapiers], Unité de Recherche Pluridisciplinaire Prairies et Plantes Fourragères (P3F), Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), AGROCAMPUS OUEST, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), Université d'Angers (UA), Écophysiologie des Plantes sous Stress environnementaux (LEPSE), Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Département Systèmes Biologiques (Cirad-BIOS), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad), Amélioration génétique et adaptation des plantes méditerranéennes et tropicales (UMR AGAP), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Scientific Data Management (ZENITH), Laboratoire d'Informatique de Robotique et de Microélectronique de Montpellier (LIRMM), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Inria Sophia Antipolis - Méditerranée (CRISAM), Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria), CIFRE convention between ITK and ANRT, Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut Agro - Montpellier SupAgro, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut Agro - Montpellier SupAgro, and Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Inria Sophia Antipolis - Méditerranée (CRISAM)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Physiology, F62 - Physiologie végétale - Croissance et développement, Plant Science, 01 natural sciences, nitrogen, Interactions biologiques, Shoot morphogenesis, 2. Zero hunger, Component (thermodynamics), U10 - Informatique, mathématiques et statistiques, Shoot, leaf growth, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Biological system, Modèle mathématique, plant architecture, Scale (ratio), grass, Triticum aestivum, morphogenesis, Biology, Poaceae, Models, Biological, 010603 evolutionary biology, Métabolisme, Time schedule, Morphogénèse, Computer Simulation, Croissance, blé d'hiver, Plant morphogenesis, Modèle de simulation, 15. Life on land, Carbon, Models, Structural, Plant Leaves, Metabolic regulation, plasticity, functional–structural plant modelling, metabolism, 010606 plant biology & botany
Abstract: Shoot architecture is a key component of the interactions between plants and their environment. We present a novel model of grass, which fully integrates shoot morphogenesis and the metabolism of carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) at organ scale, within a three-dimensional representation of plant architecture. Plant morphogenesis is seen as a self-regulated system driven by two main mechanisms. First, the rate of organ extension and the establishment of architectural traits are regulated by concentrations of C and N metabolites in the growth zones and the temperature. Second, the timing of extension is regulated by rules coordinating successive phytomers instead of a thermal time schedule. Local concentrations are calculated from a model of C and N metabolism at organ scale. The three-dimensional representation allows the accurate calculation of light and temperature distribution within the architecture. The model was calibrated for wheat (Triticum aestivum) and evaluated for early vegetative stages. This approach allowed the simulation of realistic patterns of leaf dimensions, extension dynamics, and organ mass and composition. The model simulated, as emergent properties, plant and agronomic traits. Metabolic activities of growing leaves were investigated in relation to whole-plant functioning and environmental conditions. The current model is an important step towards a better understanding of the plasticity of plant phenotype in different environments.
Published: 2020

42. Understanding effects of genotype × environment × sowing window interactions for durum wheat in the Mediterranean basin

Author: Alberto Masoni, G. Padovan, Roberto Ferrise, Domenico Ventrella, Mikhail A. Semenov, Camilla Dibari, Marco Bindi, Ignacio J. Lorite, Pierre Martre, Simone Bregaglio, C. Santos, Università degli Studi di Firenze = University of Florence [Firenze] (UNIFI), Écophysiologie des Plantes sous Stress environnementaux (LEPSE), Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Rothamsted Research, Consiglio per la Ricerca in Agricoltura e l’analisi dell’economia agraria (CREA), IFAPA Centro Alameda del Obispo, Instituto Andaluz de Investigación y Formación Agraria y Pesquera (IFAPA), FACCE JPI MACSUR2 through the Italian Ministry for Agricultural, Food and Forestry Policies (D.M. n. 24064/7303/15), Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council, through the Designing Future Wheat (DFW) program (BB/P016855/1), AgriDigit-Agromodelli project (DM n. 36502 of 20/12/2018), funded by the Italian Ministry of Agricultural, Food and Forestry Policies and Tourism, project PR.AVA2018.051 (Innova-Clima) funded by the European Regional Development Fund (FEDER), European Project: 727247,H2020,H2020-SFS-2016-2,SolACE(2017), Università degli Studi di Firenze = University of Florence (UniFI), Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut Agro - Montpellier SupAgro, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council (BBSRC), and Consiglio per la Ricerca in Agricoltura e l’analisi dell’economia agraria = Council for Agricultural Research and Economics (CREA)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Mediterranean climate, [SDV.SA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences, Sowing window, Soil Science, Growing season, Biology, 01 natural sciences, Mediterranean Basin, SiriusQuality, Anthesis, Mediterranean environments, Cultivar, SolACEWP1, Durum wheat, 2. Zero hunger, [SDV.EE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment, Biomass (ecology), Sowing, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, 15. Life on land, Agronomy, 040103 agronomy & agriculture, 0401 agriculture, forestry, and fisheries, Crop simulation model, Agronomy and Crop Science, 010606 plant biology & botany
Abstract: Durum wheat is one of the most important crops in the Mediterranean basin. The choice of the cultivar and the sowing time are key management practices that ensure high yield. Crop simulation models could be used to investigate the genotype × environment × sowing window (G × E×SW) interactions in order to optimize farmers’ actions. The aim of this study was to evaluate the performance of the wheat model SiriusQuality in simulating durum wheat yields in Mediterranean environments and its potential to explore the G × E×SW interactions. SiriusQuality was assessed in multiple growing seasons at seven sites located in Italy, Spain and Morocco, where locally adapted cultivars were grown. The model showed good ability in predicting anthesis and maturity date (Pearson r >0.8), as well as above ground biomass and grain yield (6 % < nRMSE < 18 %). The model was then used to find the optimal 30-day sowing window to maximize grain yields at four sites, two were located in Italy (Florence, Foggia), and the other two were in Spain (Santaella) and Morocco (Sidi El Aydi) respectively. Among the cultivars, on the average between all sowing window, Amilcar had the best performance in Foggia (+33 % compared to the traditional cultivar Simeto) and in Sidi El Aydi (+22 % compared to Karim), Karim in Florence (+19 % compared to Creso) and in Santaella (+6 % compared to Amilcar). Instead Creso and Simeto showed the lowest production at all locations. The results showed that an earlier sowing window compared to the traditional one would have a positive effect on wheat yields in all environments tested, because of increased maximum leaf area index, grain number and size, and grain filling duration. Moreover, with earlier sowing, grain filling coincides with higher soil water availability, reducing the water stress and increasing the accumulation of dry mass in grains. In cooler and wetter locations, cultivars characterized by higher leaf area index and radiation use efficiency had the higher number of grains, while in the hottest and driest locations, short-cycle cultivars with high grain dry matter potential (e.g. through enhanced “stay green” capacity) should be preferred.
Published: 2020

43. Are crop and detailed physiological models equally ‘mechanistic’ for predicting the genetic variability of whole-plant behaviour? The nexus between mechanisms and adaptive strategies

Author: François Tardieu, Graeme Hammer, Boris Parent, E.J. van Oosterom, I S C Granato, Écophysiologie des Plantes sous Stress environnementaux (LEPSE), Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation (QAAFI), University of Queensland [Brisbane], Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Plant Success in Nature and Agriculture (CE200100015), ANR-10-BTBR-0001,AMAIZING,Développer de nouvelles variétés de maïs pour une agriculture durable: une approche intégrée de la génomique à la sélection(2010), ANR-11-INBS-0012,PHENOME,Centre français de phénomique végétale(2011), European Project: 244374,EC:FP7:KBBE,FP7-KBBE-2009-3,DROPS(2010), Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut Agro - Montpellier SupAgro, and Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, 0301 basic medicine, 2. Zero hunger, [SDV.SA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences, Adaptive strategies, [SDV.GEN]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Genetics, Natural selection, Climate change, Plant Science, 15. Life on land, Biology, 01 natural sciences, Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (miscellaneous), [INFO.INFO-MO]Computer Science [cs]/Modeling and Simulation, Water deficit, 03 medical and health sciences, 030104 developmental biology, Modeling and Simulation, Genetic variability, Adaptation, Biological system, Agronomy and Crop Science, Nexus (standard), 010606 plant biology & botany
Abstract: Tailoring genotypes for the variety of environmental scenarios associated with climate change requires modelling of the genetic variability of adaptation mechanisms to environmental cues. A large number of physiological mechanisms have been described and modelled, e.g. at transcript, metabolic or hormonal levels, but they remain to be assembled into whole-plant and canopy models. A ‘bottom-up’ approach combining physiological mechanisms leads to a near-infinite number of combinations and to an unmanageable number of parameters, so more parsimonious approaches are required. We propose that natural selection has constrained the large diversity of mechanisms into consistent strategies, in such a way that not all combinations of mechanisms are possible. These constraints, and resulting feedbacks, result in integrative ‘meta-mechanisms’, e.g. response curves of traits to environmental conditions, measurable via high-throughput phenotyping, and resulting in robust and stable equations with heritable genotype-dependent parameters. Examples are provided for the responses of developmental traits to temperature, for the response of growth and yield to water deficit and evaporative demand, and for the response of tillering to light and temperature. In these examples, it was inoperative to combine upstream mechanisms into whole-plant mechanisms, whereas the evolutionary constraints on the combinations of physiological mechanisms render possible the use of genotype-specific response curves at plant or canopy levels. These can be used for a new generation of crop models capable of simulating the behaviour of thousands of genotypes. This has significant consequences for plant modelling and its use in genetics and breeding.
Published: 2020

44. A functional–structural plant model that simulates whole- canopy gas exchange of grapevine plants (Vitis vinifera L.) under different training systems

Author: Eric Lebon, Jorge Prieto, Jorge Perez Peña, Hernán Ojeda, Gaëtan Louarn, Thierry Simonneau, Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria [Mendoza] (INTA), Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA), Unité de Recherche Pluridisciplinaire Prairies et Plantes Fourragères (P3F), Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Unité Expérimentale de Pech-Rouge (PECH ROUGE), Écophysiologie des Plantes sous Stress environnementaux (LEPSE), Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), and project PNFRU-02811 and 1105064 of the Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA), Argentina
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Canopy, Stomatal conductance, Nitrogen, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], leaf N content, Canopeo, Plant Science, functional–structural plant model, gas exchange, Biology, Photosynthesis, Atmospheric sciences, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, transpiration, Intercambio de Gases, Vitis, Water-use efficiency, Scaling, canopy structure, Transpiration, Nitrógeno, Training (meteorology), training system, Water, Original Articles, 15. Life on land, Vid, [INFO.INFO-MO]Computer Science [cs]/Modeling and Simulation, Gas Exchange, Grapevines, Plant Leaves, Fotosíntesis, Vitis vinifera, Interception, 010606 plant biology & botany
Abstract: Background and Aims: Scaling from single-leaf to whole-canopy photosynthesis faces several complexities related to variations in light interception and leaf properties. To evaluate the impact of canopy strucuture on gas exchange, we developed a functional–structural plant model to upscale leaf processes to the whole canopy based on leaf N content. The model integrates different models that calculate intercepted radiation, leaf traits and gas exchange for each leaf in the canopy. Our main objectives were (1) to introduce the gas exchange model developed at the plant level by integrating the leaf-level responses related to canopy structure, (2) to test the model against an independent canopy gas exchange dataset recorded on different plant architectures, and (3) to quantify the impact of intra-canopy N distribution on crop photosynthesis. Methods: The model combined a 3D reconstruction of grapevine (Vitis vinifera) canopy architecture, a light interception model, and a coupled photosynthesis and stomatal conductance model that considers light-driven variations in N distribution. A portable chamber device was constructed to measure whole-plant gas exchange to validate the model outputs with data collected on different training systems. Finally, a sensitivity analysis was performed to evaluate the impact on C assimilation of different N content distributions within the canopy. Key Results: By considering a non-uniform leaf N distribution within the canopy, our model accurately reproduced the daily pattern of gas exchange of different canopy architectures. The gain in photosynthesis permitted by the non-uniform compared with a theoretical uniform N distribution was about 18 %, thereby contributing to the maximization of C assimilation. By contrast, considering a maximal N content for all leaves in the canopy overestimated net CO2 exchange by 28 % when compared with the non-uniform distribution. Conclusions: The model reproduced the gas exchange of plants under different training systems with a low error (10 %). It appears to be a reliable tool to evaluate the impact of a grapevine training system on water use efficiency at the plant level. EEA Mendoza Fil: Prieto, Jorge Alejandro. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Mendoza; Argentina. Fil: Louarn, Gaëtan. Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique; Francia Fil: Perez Peña, Jorge Esteban. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Mendoza; Argentina Fil: Ojeda, Hernan. Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique. Unité expérimentale de Pech Rouge; Francia Fil: Simonneau, Thierry. Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique. LEPSE Montpellier; Francia Fil: Lebon, Eric. Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique. Unité Mixte de Recherche; Francia
Published: 2019

45. Parameterising wheat leaf and tiller dynamics for faithful reconstruction of wheat plants by structural plant models

Author: Tino Dornbusch, Bruno Andrieu, Camille Chambon, Christian Fournier, David Gouache, Benoit de Solan, Mariem Abichou, Ecologie fonctionnelle et écotoxicologie des agroécosystèmes (ECOSYS), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-AgroParisTech, Écophysiologie des Plantes sous Stress environnementaux (LEPSE), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Modeling plant morphogenesis at different scales, from genes to phenotype (VIRTUAL PLANTS), Inria Sophia Antipolis - Méditerranée (CRISAM), Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Amélioration génétique et adaptation des plantes méditerranéennes et tropicales (UMR AGAP), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro)-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Environnement Méditerranéen et Modélisation des Agro-Hydrosystèmes (EMMAH), Avignon Université (AU)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), ARVALIS - Institut du végétal [Paris], National Research Agency (Wheatamix project ANR-13-AGRO-0008), ANR-13-AGRO-0008,WHEATAMIX,Augmenter la diversité génétique au sein des parcelles de blé pour renforcer la multifonctionnalité et la durabilité de la production dans le Bassin Parisien(2013), Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro)-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), and Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, plant architecture, Population, croissance foliaire, Soil Science, Growing season, Structural plant model, Tiller (botany), Biology, three dimensional model, 01 natural sciences, modèle structure fonction, Crop, blé, wheat, Architecture, [SDV.BV]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology, Phyllochron, triticum aestivum, Cultivar, education, 2. Zero hunger, education.field_of_study, modèle 3d, Sowing, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, 15. Life on land, Phenotype, Agronomy, 040103 agronomy & agriculture, 0401 agriculture, forestry, and fisheries, Agronomy and Crop Science, architecture de la plante, 010606 plant biology & botany, Main stem
Abstract: International audience; Structural 3D plant models aim at mimicking the dynamics of plant and crop structure based on experimental data. Such models can be interfaced with physical models to investigate plant-environment interactions. This work aimed at defining functions that represent the leaf and tiller development of individual wheat plants, and that could be fitted to the specific traits produced in a broad range of situations.A dataset of the dynamics of wheat plant (Triticum aestivum) architecture was collected for 55 experimental situations, including 11 growing seasons, three sowing densities, three sowing dates, and 13 commercial cultivars. Data were analysed to identify conserved patterns in the dynamics of leaf emergence and of tiller emergence and senescence.The broad range of conditions tested allowed us to evaluate the robustness of relationships proposed in previous studies and to identify novel patterns. Amongst them, we observed: (i) that leaf emergence dynamics may follow either a linear or a bilinear pattern for the same genotype. When a change in phyllochron occurred, it coincided with the initiation of the flag leaf; (ii) the delay between leaf and tiller emergence was not constant, but increased very regularly for successive phytomers; (iii) the number of leaves emerged at tillering cessation decreased with plant density but depended also on the final number of leaves on the main stem (MS) and marked differences existed between cultivars. Finally, we defined functions representing leaf and tiller dynamics with parameters that have a simple botanical interpretation and are easy to derive from field measurements. Assessing plant density, crop leaf stage at 5–6 dates and tiller population at 2 dates during the cycle provide the required data.This study defines a rationale to analyse and represent the dynamics of the architecture of individual wheat plants. The method can be used to determine the dynamics of architecture in 3D models and should be transposable to a wide range of cereal species.
Published: 2018

46. Stomatal Response to Humidity: Blurring the Boundary between Active and Passive Movement

Author: Florent Pantin, Michael R. Blatt, Écophysiologie des Plantes sous Stress environnementaux (LEPSE), Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro), Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biophysics, University of Glasgow, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), and Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, 0301 basic medicine, Stomatal conductance, Vapor Pressure, Physiology, Movement, Plant Science, Atmospheric sciences, Models, Biological, 01 natural sciences, 03 medical and health sciences, chemistry.chemical_compound, Commentaries, Genetics, [SDV.BV]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology, Abscisic acid, Transpiration, Abscisic acid metabolism, Humidity, Plant Transpiration, 030104 developmental biology, chemistry, Mutation, Plant Stomata, Environmental science, Abscisic Acid, 010606 plant biology & botany
Abstract: Two recent publications suggest that VPD drives stomatal conductance independent of ABA and that hydropassive and active stomatal movements are interlocked within a single, mechanistic framework.
Published: 2018

47. Estimating wheat green area index from ground-based LiDAR measurement using a 3D canopy structure model

Author: Mariem Abichou, Frédéric Boudon, Matthieu Hemmerlé, Kamran Irfan, Christian Fournier, Frédéric Baret, Kaiguang Zhao, Scott Thomas, Bruno Andrieu, Shouyang Liu, Benoit de Solan, Environnement Méditerranéen et Modélisation des Agro-Hydrosystèmes (EMMAH), Avignon Université (AU)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Ecologie fonctionnelle et écotoxicologie des agroécosystèmes (ECOSYS), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-AgroParisTech, Amélioration génétique et adaptation des plantes méditerranéennes et tropicales (UMR AGAP), Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro), Modeling plant morphogenesis at different scales, from genes to phenotype (VIRTUAL PLANTS), Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Inria Sophia Antipolis - Méditerranée (CRISAM), Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria), ARVALIS - Institut du Végétal [Boigneville], ARVALIS - Institut du végétal [Paris], Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, The Ohio State University, Ohio State University [Columbus] (OSU), Écophysiologie des Plantes sous Stress environnementaux (LEPSE), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Hiphen Integrated Plant Phenotyping Systems, AgroParisTech-Université Paris-Saclay-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Simulation et Analyse de la morphogenèse in siliCo (MOSAIC), Inria Grenoble - Rhône-Alpes, Inria Sophia Antipolis - Méditerranée (CRISAM), Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Amélioration génétique et adaptation des plantes méditerranéennes et tropicales (UMR AGAP), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad), Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Avignon Université (AU), 'Programme d’investissement d’Avenir' PHENOME (ANR-11-INBS-012) and Breedwheat (ANR-10-BTR-03), France Agrimer, 'Fonds de Soutien à l’Obtention Végétale', Chinese Scholarship Council (CSC)., ANR-11-INBS-0012,PHENOME,Centre français de phénomique végétale(2011), ANR-10-BTBR-0003,BREEDWHEAT,Développer de nouvelles variétés de blé pour une agriculture durable(2010), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), and Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro)-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Canopy, Atmospheric Science, LiDAR, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Point cloud, F62 - Physiologie végétale - Croissance et développement, 01 natural sciences, ADEL-Wheat, Poisson model, 3D canopy structure model, Structured model, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Remote sensing, 2. Zero hunger, Global and Planetary Change, GAI, Artificial neural network, Forestry, Ranging, Green area index, [INFO.INFO-MO]Computer Science [cs]/Modeling and Simulation, Lidar, Phenotyping, Wheat, Environmental science, U30 - Méthodes de recherche, Interception, Agronomy and Crop Science, Neural networks, 010606 plant biology & botany
Abstract: International audience; The use of active remote sensing techniques based on light detection and ranging (LiDAR) was investigated here to estimate the green area index (GAI) of wheat crops. Emphasis was put on the maximum GAI development stage when saturation effects are known to limit the performances of standard indirect methods based either on the gap fraction or reflectance measurements. The LiDAR provides both the three dimensional (3D) point cloud from which the vertical distribution (Z profile) of the interception points is computed, as well as the intensity of the returned signal from which the green fraction (GF) is derived. The data were interpreted by exploiting the 3D ADEL-Wheat model that synthesizes the knowledge accumulated on wheat canopy structure. A LiDAR simulator that accounts for the specific observation configuration used was developed to mimic the actual LiDAR measurements. The in-silico experiments were conducted to generate training and validation dataset. Neural network were then used to estimate GAI from the Z profile and GF derived from the LiDAR measurements. Performances of GAI estimates by the several methods investigated were evaluated using either experimental data with 3 < GAI < 6 and data simulated with the 3D structure model with 1 < GAI < 7. Results confirm that using only the GF provides poor estimates of GAI (0.89 < RMSE < 1.28; 0.22 < rRMSE < 0.31), regardless of turbid medium or realistic assumptions on canopy 3D structure. The introduction of the Z profile information improved significantly the GAI estimation accuracy (0.48 < RMSE < 0.55; 0.12 < rRMSE < 0.13). This study demonstrates the interest of using the third dimension provided by LiDAR to better estimate GAI in crops under high GAI values. However, this requires the use of a realistic 3D structure crop model over which the LiDAR data could be simulated under the observational configuration used.
Published: 2017

48. Bridging the gap between data and decisions: A review of process-based models for viticulture

Author: Cassandra Collins, Seth Westra, Bree Bennett, Bertram Ostendorf, Anne Pellegrino, Matthew J. Knowling, Everard J. Edwards, Rob R. Walker, Vinay Pagay, Dylan Grigg, University of Adelaide, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation [Canberra] (CSIRO), Écophysiologie des Plantes sous Stress environnementaux (LEPSE), Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), and Wine Australia, with co-funding from Riverland Wine
Subjects: [SDV.SA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences, 0106 biological sciences, Bridging (networking), 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Computer science, Process (engineering), Control (management), Context (language use), 15. Life on land, 01 natural sciences, Vineyard, Bridge (nautical), Decision support, [INFO.INFO-AI]Computer Science [cs]/Artificial Intelligence [cs.AI], Vineyard management, Risk analysis (engineering), Process-based model, Yield (wine), Digital agriculture, Animal Science and Zoology, Viticulture, Agronomy and Crop Science, 010606 plant biology & botany, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract: International audience; Context: Effective vineyard decision making at strategic and operational timescales requires consideration of many factors, including vineyard design and management options, exogenous factors that are outside of the decision maker's control such as climate/weather, and desired outcomes such as yield and grape composition attributes. Process-based models enable prediction of vineyard outcomes in response to different decisions and with respect to exogenous factors.Objective: We present a review of process-based models that can simulate both key vineyard outcomes and their sensitivity to decisions and exogenous factors, and highlight how these models can ‘bridge the gap’ between data and decisions.Methods: We assess the suitability of process-based models to water, canopy and nutrient management contexts using a conceptual systems framework.Results and Conclusions:Currently available process-based models are most advanced in terms of supporting decisions regarding water management, and least advanced regarding nutrient management. They are also better suited to support decisions with respect to yield, compared to grape composition attributes.Significance: This paper provides guidance to modelling practitioners regarding appropriate process-based models for a range of vineyard decision contexts and assists viticulturists and decision makers in understanding how these models can support decisions for improved outcomes.
Published: 2021

49. Increasing the total productivity of a land by combining mobile photovoltaic panels and food crops

Author: Angélique Christophe, P. Hamard, Francis Sourd, P. Pechier, B. Valle, T. Frisson, M. Ryckewaert, Thierry Simonneau, Écophysiologie des Plantes sous Stress environnementaux (LEPSE), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), SAS, Slovak Academy of Sciences (SAS), Smart Energy, SunR, ANRT (Association Nationale Recherche Technologie, France), Sun’R (contract 2013/1353), Région PACA, CAPI, BPI FRANCE, Communauté du pays d’Aix, Région Rhônes-Alpes, Grand Lyon, and SunAgri2B FUI project.
Subjects: [SDV.SA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences, Solar trackers, 020209 energy, Microclimate, 02 engineering and technology, Agricultural engineering, 010501 environmental sciences, Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law, 7. Clean energy, 01 natural sciences, Agrivoltaic, Solar tracker, Photovoltaic panels, 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, Land use conflict, [SDV.BV]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, 2. Zero hunger, Biomass (ecology), Land use, Ecology, Mechanical Engineering, Photovoltaic system, Energy conversion efficiency, Building and Construction, Lettuce, 15. Life on land, General Energy, Productivity (ecology), Environmental science, Shading
Abstract: Agrivoltaic systems, consisting of the combination of photovoltaic panels (PVPs) with crops on the same land, recently emerged as an opportunity to resolve the competition for land use between food and energy production. Such systems have proved efficient when using stationary PVPs at half their usual density. Dynamic agrivoltaic systems improved the concept by using orientable PVPs derived from solar trackers. They offer the possibility to intercept the variable part of solar radiation, as well as new means to increase land productivity. The matter was analysed in this work by comparing fixed and dynamic systems with two different orientation policies. Performances of the resulting agrivoltaic systems were studied for two varieties of lettuce over three different seasons. Solar tracking systems placed all plants in a new microclimate where light and shade bands alternated several times a day at any plant position, while stationary systems split the land surface into more stable shaded and sunlit areas. In spite of these differences, transient shading conditions increased plant leaf area in all agrivoltaic systems compared to full-sun conditions, resulting in a higher conversion of the transmitted radiation by the crop. This benefit was lower during seasons with high radiation and under controlled tracking with more light transmitted to the crop. As expected, regular tracking largely increased electric production compared to stationary PVPs but also slightly increased the transmitted radiation, hence crop biomass. A large increase in transmitted radiation was achieved by restricting solar tracking around midday, which resulted in higher biomass in the spring but was counterbalanced by a lower conversion efficiency of transmitted radiation in summer. As a result, high productivity per land area unit was reached using trackers instead of stationary photovoltaic panels in agrivoltaic systems, while maintaining biomass production of lettuce close or even similar to that obtained under full-sun conditions.
Published: 2017

50. Are subsidies to weather-index insurance the best use of public funds? A bio-economic farm model applied to the Senegalese groundnut basin

Author: Charlotte Poeydebat, Bertrand Muller, Françoise Gérard, Moussa Sall, Aymeric Ricome, Philippe Quirion, François Affholder, European Commission - Joint Research Centre [Ispra] (JRC), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad), Gestion des ressources renouvelables et environnement (UPR GREEN), Écophysiologie des Plantes sous Stress environnementaux (LEPSE), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), centre international de recherche sur l'environnement et le développement (CIRED), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École des Ponts ParisTech (ENPC)-École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-AgroParisTech-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad), Institut Sénégalais de Recherches Agricoles (ISRA), ISRA, Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro), Gestion des ressources renouvelables et environnement (Cirad-Es-UPR 47 GREEN), Département Environnements et Sociétés (Cirad-ES), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad), Centre International de Recherche sur l'Environnement et le Développement (CIRED), and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École des Ponts ParisTech (ENPC)-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-AgroParisTech
Subjects: Index (economics), 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, 01 natural sciences, Agricultural economics, F01 - Culture des plantes, Economics, media_common, 2. Zero hunger, U10 - Informatique, mathématiques et statistiques, Assurance, 1. No poverty, Subsidy, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, [SHS.ECO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Economics and Finance, Rendement des cultures, Cash, Economic model, système d'aide à la décision, Modèle mathématique, Agriculteur, P40 - Météorologie et climatologie, Ferme pilote, media_common.quotation_subject, Developing country, Conditions météorologiques, Scarcity, Sécheresse, Arachis hypogaea, Production (economics), 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Intensification, Modélisation des cultures, Modèle de simulation, Analyse économique, 040103 agronomy & agriculture, 0401 agriculture, forestry, and fisheries, H50 - Troubles divers des plantes, Animal Science and Zoology, Agronomy and Crop Science, Welfare
Abstract: International audience; While crop yields in Sub-Saharan Africa are low compared to most other parts of the world, weather-index insurance is often presented as a promising tool, which could help resource-poor farmers in developing countries to invest and adopt yield-enhancing technologies. Here, we test this hypothesis on two contrasting areas (in terms of rainfall scarcity) of the Senegalese groundnut basin through the use of a bio-economic farm model, coupling the crop growth model CELSIUS with the economic model ANDERS, both specifically designed for this purpose. We introduce a weather-index insurance whose index is currently being used for pilot projects in Senegal and West Africa. Results show that insurance leads to a welfare gain only for those farmers located in the driest area. These farmers respond to insurance mostly by increasing the amount of cow fattening, which leads to higher crop yields thanks to the larger production of manure. We also find that subsidizing insurance is not the best possible use of public funds: for a given level of public funding, reducing credit rates, subsidizing fertilizers, or just transferring cash as a lump-sum generally brings a higher expected utility to farmers and leads to a higher increase in grain production levels.
Published: 2017

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