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In this work, using a spherically symmetric metric, we investigate a minimally interacting holographic dark energy model within the framework of Saez-Ballester Theory. We predict that the dark energy component dominating the universe is of phantom type, which will lead the model universe to cosmic doomsday (big rip singularity). As big rip and holographic dark energy are incompatible with each other, we employ a higher dimensional scenario so that the cosmic doomsday is replaced by the de-Sitter phase. The model expands with a slow and uniform change of size during the early evolution, whereas the change becomes faster, agreeing with the present observation of the accelerated expansion. The present values of Hubble’s parameter and the dark energy EoS parameter are measured to be H = 67 and λ = − 1 . 00011 , which agree with the respective values H 0 = 67 . 36 ± 0 . 54 kms − 1 Mpc − 1 and λ = − 1 . 03 ± 0 . 03 of the most recent Planck 2018 result.

In the present paper, we are concerned with the semilinear viscoelastic wave equation in an inhomogeneous medium Ω subject to two localized dampings. The first one is of the type viscoelastic and is distributed around a neighborhood ω of the boundary according to the Geometric Control Condition. The second one is a frictional damping and we consider it hurting the geometric condition of control. We show that the energy of the wave equation goes uniformly and exponentially to zero for all initial data of finite energy taken in bounded sets of finite energy phase-space.

In quantum fluids, the quantisation of circulation forbids the diffusion of a vortex swirling flow seen in classical viscous fluids. Yet, a quantum vortex accelerating in a superfluid may lose its energy into acoustic radiation, in a similar way an electric charge decelerates upon emitting photons. The dissipation of vortex energy underlies central problems in quantum hydrodynamics, such as the decay of quantum turbulence, highly relevant to systems as varied as neutron stars, superfluid helium and atomic condensates. A deep understanding of the elementary mechanisms behind irreversible vortex dynamics has been a goal for decades, but it is complicated by the shortage of conclusive experimental signatures. Here, we address this challenge by realising a programmable quantum vortex collider in a planar, homogeneous atomic Fermi superfluid with tunable inter-particle interactions. We create on-demand vortex configurations and monitor their evolution, taking advantage of the accessible time and length scales of our ultracold Fermi gas. Engineering collisions within and between vortex-antivortex pairs allows us to decouple relaxation of the vortex energy due to sound emission and interactions with normal fluid, i.e. mutual friction. We directly visualise how the annihilation of vortex dipoles radiates a sound pulse in the superfluid. Further, our few-vortex experiments extending across different superfluid regimes suggest that fermionic quasiparticles localised inside the vortex core contribute significantly to dissipation, opening the route to exploring new pathways for quantum turbulence decay, vortex by vortex., Comment: 7+9 pages, 4+7 figures

Bianisotropy is a powerful concept enabling asymmetric optical response, including asymmetric reflection, absorption, optical forces, light trapping, and lasing. The physical origin of these asymme...

The study of charged test particle dynamics in the combined black hole gravitational field and magnetic field around it could provide important theoretical insight into astrophysical processes around such compact object. We have explored the orbital and epicyclic motion of charged test particles in the background of non-rotating Einstein-AEther black holes in the presence of external uniform magnetic field. We numerically integrate the equations of motion and analyze the trajectories of the charged test particles. We examined the stability of circular orbits using effective potential technique and study the characteristics of innermost stable circular orbits. We analyze the key features of quasi-harmonic oscillations of charged test particles nearby the stable circular orbits in an equatorial plane of the black hole, and investigate the radial profiles of the frequencies of latitudinal as well as radial harmonic oscillations in dependence on the strength of magnetic field, mass of the black hole and dimensionless coupling constants of the theory. We demonstrate that the magnetic field and dimensionless parameters of the theory have strong influence on charged particle motion around Einstein-AEther black holes.

Bosonic modes have wide applications in various quantum technologies, such as optical photons for quantum communication, magnons in spin ensembles for quantum information storage and mechanical modes for reversible microwave-to-optical quantum transduction. There is emerging interest in utilizing bosonic modes for quantum information processing, with circuit quantum electrodynamics (circuit QED) as one of the leading architectures. Quantum information can be encoded into subspaces of a bosonic superconducting cavity mode with long coherence time. However, standard Gaussian operations (e.g., beam splitting and two-mode squeezing) are insufficient for universal quantum computing. The major challenge is to introduce additional nonlinear control beyond Gaussian operations without adding significant bosonic loss or decoherence. Here we review recent advances in universal control of a single bosonic code with superconducting circuits, including unitary control, quantum feedback control, driven-dissipative control and holonomic dissipative control. Various approaches to entangling different bosonic modes are also discussed., 23 pages, 9 figures, 1 table (+2 pages supplement with 1 figure)

In this comment, a Sagdeev pseudopotential analysis is used to illustrate signficant errors in the paper entitled “Dust-Ion-Acoustic Waves in unmagnetized 4-component plasma” [Adv. Space Res. 67, 1244–1253 (2021)]. It is shown that this is due to an erroneous formulation of the moving frame used for the reductive perturbation analysis. The correct derivation is provided in detail. The significance of the near-supercritical compositional criterion is also illustrated.

We derive the expressions for the collision-induced amplitude dynamics of two flat-top solitons in spatial dimensions of 1, 2, and 3 caused by the generic weak nonlinear loss under the framework of coupled cubic-quintic ( n + 1 )D nonlinear Schrodinger equations for n = 1 , 2 , 3 . We develop a new perturbative technique which is mainly based on the calculations for the fast collision-induced changes in the soliton envelope and the use of the single perturbed soliton solution for the calculations. These results quantify the energy dropdown due to a fast collision of two pulses ( n = 1 ) , or two optical beams ( n = 2 ), or two light bullets ( n = 3 ) in cubic-quintic nonlinear media with dissipation. The theoretical calculations are then confirmed by numerical simulations with the corresponding coupled nonlinear Schrodinger equations. Our approach can be used for studying the effects of dissipation on colliding solitons described by the coupled nonlinear Schrodinger models, where the unperturbed equation is nonintegrable.

This paper deals with the Vlasov–Maxwell system in the case of a strong magnetic field. After a physically motivated nondimensionalization of the original system, a Hilbert expansion is employed around a small parameter given as the product of the characteristic time scale and the gyrofrequency. From this, necessary conditions on the solvability of the reduced system are derived. An important aspect is the reduction of the six-dimensional phase space to five dimensions. In addition to the discussion of the partial differential equations, also initial and boundary conditions both for the full system and the limit model are studied.

In this paper, we investigate the heavy quark potential and the jet quenching parameter in a system with Lifshitz and hyperscaling violation exponents, by using the AdS/CFT correspondence. It is shown that the heavy quark potential and the jet quenching parameter are dependent upon the nonrelativistic parameters. We show how the heavy quark potential changes with the hyperscaling violation parameter {\theta}, dynamical parameter z, temperature T and charge Q. Increasing z and {\theta} lead to increasing and decreasing the potential respectively. The potential decreases and increases by increasing Q and T . It is investigated how the jet quenching parameter changes with the hyperscaling violation parameter {\theta} and dynamical parameter z. Also, we add some electromagnetic field and obtain its effect on the jet quenching parameter and see as z and {\theta} increasing this parameter decreases and the electric and magnetic fields affect differently on that., Comment: 18 pages, 5 figure

Cavity quantum electrodynamics (QED) manipulates the coupling of light with matter, and allows several emitters to couple coherently with one light mode1. However, even in a many-body system, the light–matter coupling mechanism has so far been restricted to one-body processes. Leveraging cavity QED for the quantum simulation of complex, many-body systems has thus far relied on multi-photon processes, scaling down the light–matter interaction to the low energy and slow time scales of the many-body problem2–5. Here we report cavity QED experiments using molecular transitions in a strongly interacting Fermi gas, directly coupling cavity photons to pairs of atoms. The interplay of strong light–matter and strong interparticle interactions leads to well-resolved pair polaritons—hybrid excitations coherently mixing photons, atom pairs and molecules. The dependence of the pair-polariton spectrum on interatomic interactions is universal, independent of the transition used, demonstrating a direct mapping between pair correlations in the ground state and the optical spectrum. This represents a magnification of many-body effects by two orders of magnitude in energy. In the dispersive regime, it enables fast, minimally destructive measurements of pair correlations, and opens the way to their measurement at the quantum limit and their coherent manipulation using dynamical, quantized optical fields. Directly coupling cavity photons to the photo-association resonances of pairs of atoms in a strongly interacting Fermi gas generates pair polaritons—hybrid excitaions coherently mixing photons, atom pairs and molecules.

We present a comprehensive and elaborate study of W LVI (K-like W55+) by using multi-configuration Dirac–Fock method (MCDF). We have included relativistic corrections, QED (quantum electrodynamics) and Breit corrections in our computation. We have reported energy levels and radiative data for multipole transitions (i.e., electric dipole (E1), electric quadrupole (E2), magnetic dipole (M1), and magnetic quadrupole (M2)) within the lowest 142 fine-structure levels and predicted soft X-ray transition (SXR) and extreme ultraviolet transitions (EUV) from higher excited states to the ground state. We have compared our calculated data with energy levels compiled by NIST and other available results in the literature and the small discrepancies found with them are discussed. Because only a few of the lowest levels are available in the literature, for checking excitation energies of higher excited states we have performed the same calculations with the distorted wave method. Furthermore, we have also provided relative population for the first five excited states, with both the partition function and thermodynamic quantities for W LVI and studied their variations with temperature. We believe that our reported new atomic data of W LVI may be useful in identification and analysis of spectral lines from various astrophysical and fusion plasma sources and may also be beneficial in plasma modeling.

In this investigation, the evolution of heavy-and light-nuclei acoustic (HLNA) dressed shock waves (DSWs) due to the contribution of higher order of nonlinearity and dissipation effects has been examined in a degenerate quantum plasma composed of inertial heavy as well as light nuclei and inertia-less ultra-relativistic degenerate electrons. By employing the reductive perturbation method, the nonlinear Burgers equation is derived. Further, an inhomogeneous Burgers-type equation accounting for the higher order contributions of nonlinearity and dissipation is also derived. With the insertion of higher order effects, a new humped type or dressed shock structures are evolved. The influence of different plasma parameters on the dynamical evolution of the HLNA-DSWs is examined. It is observed that these plasma parameters play significant role on the characteristics of HLNA-DSWs and their corresponding electric fields. The findings of present investigation may be applicable to provide a new insight to understand the evolution of HLNA-DSWs in different dense astrophysical regions such as white dwarfs.

The contribution, by zitterbewegung, to a probable correction to the electron orbital g-factor is calculated. For an electron in a magnetic field, the orbital g-factor gL is not equal to 1 exactly, and the calculated anomaly, compared with the experimentally observed values, are in reasonable agreement, both in sign and order of magnitude. The contribution of zitterbewegung to the linewidth or broadening of a Landau level is calculated. An expression for the lifetime of a state is derived, showing that the electron is placed, due to zitterbewegung, in a state with a finite lifetime, with the probable emission/absorption of massless particles. The expected anomaly in the electron orbital g-factor may be measured using high-precision spectroscopic techniques.

This experiment investigated the theory of energy loss in charged particles in plasma using a semi-classical method based on quantum scattering theory. The energy loss was expressed in terms of the transport cross-section for electron–ion scattering, which is calculated by semiclassical approximation of the scattering phase shifts. Exact numerical integration of the Schrodinger equation is used to test the derived results. This approach provides a non-perturbative representation of the energy loss, which bridges the gap between classical and quantum descriptions. On the other hand, the semi-classical method shows the correct behaviour of all plasma conditions and projectile charges and velocities. All equations have been programmed to present results using FORTRAN-90, and a program has been written for numerical calculations.

In the nonlinear LC circuit dual to the Toda (voltage) soliton, the current (shock-wave-type) solitons spatially modulate the velocity of the electromagnetic waves in the circuit through the nonlinear inductance, resulting in the creation of analogue black holes. The analogue black hole solitons are spontaneously formed, but their configuration could not be controlled so far. In this paper, the on-demand scheme to design the configuration of analogue black holes is presented by using solitons and antisolitons in the nonlinear LC circuit. In addition, a novel photon source using analogue Hawking radiation is also proposed.

The influence of industrial low-frequency electromagnetic fields on the human body is currently insufficiently studied. However, such fields are quite common in modern automated production, where various electric drives are used, and they significantly affect the quality of human life. This is especially evident in the conditions of the North, where special ecological factors cause significant changes in the systems of regulation of the body's functions. This study examines the influence of such fields on the parameters of the cardiovascular system of female workers in the oil and gas industry in Russia. Four groups of women were studied, differing in age and electromagnetic field exposure. As a result, the effects of influence of the fields were revealed, especially for the older age group.

We compute the albedo (or reflectivity) of electromagnetic waves off the electron-positron Hawking plasma that surrounds the horizon of a Quantum Black Hole. We adopt the "modified firewall conjecture" for fuzzballs [arXiv:hep-th/0502050,arXiv:1711.01617], where we consider significant electromagnetic interaction around the horizon. While prior work has treated this problem as an electron-photon scattering process, we find that the incoming quanta interact collectively with the fermionic excitations of the Hawking plasma at low energies. We derive this via two different methods: one using relativistic plasma dispersion relation, and another using the one-loop correction to photon propagator. Both methods find that the reflectivity of long wavelength photons off the Hawking plasma is significant, contrary to previous claims. This leads to the enhancement of the electromagnetic albedo for frequencies comparable to the Hawking temperature of black hole horizons in vacuum. We comment on possible observable consequences of this effect., Comment: 18 pages, 5 figures, JHEP accepted version

We systematically analyze the effects of the derivatives of the hydrodynamic fields on axial Wigner function that describes the spin polarization vector in phase space. We have included all possible first-order derivative contributions that are allowed by symmetry and compute the associated transport functions at one-loop using the linear response theory. In addition to reproducing known effects due to the temperature gradient and vorticity, we have identified a number of potentially significant contributions that are overlooked previously. In particular, we find that the shear strength, the symmetric and traceless part of the flow gradient, will induce a quadrupole for spin polarization in the phase space. We refer to this novel effect as the shear-induced polarization (SIP). Our results, together with hydrodynamic gradients obtained from hydrodynamic simulations, can be employed as a basis for the interpretation of the $\Lambda$ (anti-$\Lambda$) spin polarization measurement in heavy-ion collisions., Comment: 18 pages, 2 figures, matched to the published version

In optical data transmission with using vortex laser beams, data can be encoded by the topo-logical charge, which is theoretically unlimited. However, the topological charge of a single sepa-rate vortex is limited by possibilities of its generating. Therefore, in this work, we analyze light beams with an unbounded (countable) set of optical vortices. The summary topological charge of such beams is infinite. Phase singularities (isolated intensity nulls) in such beams typically have a unit topological charge and reside equidistantly (or not equidistantly) on a straight line in the beam cross section. Such beams are form-invariant and, on propagation in space, change only in scale and rotate. Orbital angular momentum of such multivortex beams is finite, since only a finite number of optical vortices fall into the area, where the Gaussian beam has a notable intensity. Other phase singularities are located in the periphery (and at the infinity), where the intensity is almost zero.

Peters' formula is an analytical estimate of the time-scale of gravitational wave (GW)-induced coalescence of binary systems. It is used in countless applications, where the convenience of a simple formula outweighs the need for precision. However, many promising sources of the Laser Interferometer Space Antenna (LISA), such as supermassive black hole binaries and extreme mass-ratio inspirals (EMRIs), are expected to enter the LISA band with highly eccentric ($e \gtrsim$ 0.9) and highly relativistic orbits. These are exactly the two limits in which Peters' estimate performs the worst. In this work, we expand upon previous results and give simple analytical fits to quantify how the inspiral time-scale is affected by the relative 1.5 post-Newtonian (PN) hereditary fluxes and spin-orbit couplings. We discuss several cases that demand a more accurate GW time-scale. We show how this can have a major influence on quantities that are relevant for LISA event-rate estimates, such as the EMRI critical semi-major axis. We further discuss two types of environmental perturbations that can play a role in the inspiral phase: the gravitational interaction with a third massive body and the energy loss due to dynamical friction and torques from a surrounding gas medium ubiquitous in galactic nuclei. With the aid of PN corrections to the time-scale in vacuum, we find simple analytical expressions for the regions of phase space in which environmental perturbations are of comparable strength to the effects of any particular PN order, being able to qualitatively reproduce the results of much more sophisticated analyses., Accepted for publication in MNRAS. Comments welcome!

Here, the concept of a wave-particle duality is questioned. First, the experimental proofs existing, respectively, for particles and waves are examined. In the case of particles, no experimental evidence can be found which establishes them; it seems that particles have always been taken for granted. In the case of waves, considerable evidence has accumulated with results on diffraction, interference, and self-interference of larger and larger objects. Then an important remark is made concerning the fact that unlike particles, waves are not observation-dependent: waves existed before observation otherwise the patterns of diffraction or interference would not have been appearing; the wave nature does not depend on the making of a measurement, there is no measurement problem for waves. Consequently, since waves are not observation-dependent, if the objects are demonstrated to be waves, they are only waves. This fact, along with some other evidence, disagrees with the current interpretation of the Wheeler-type delayed-choice experiments, where the absence of interference is interpreted as a particle behavior. Finally, recent works regarding the de Broglie‐Bohm theory are presented, which lead to suggest a new wave-only version of this theory. It is concluded that a wave-only view might be worth considering instead of the wave-particle duality view which has prevailed so far.

According to observations, there is not enough visible mass to explain the rotation speed of stars in the galactic self-gravitating field. It has been noted that this involves gravity field orders of magnitude smaller than the one observed in our solar system and responsible for its dynamics. Therefore, it is natural to look for the strength of the gravitational interaction at distances much bigger than the size of our solar system. In 1934, Dirac and Heisenberg computed a (small) correction to the electrostatic potential of a proton due to the Dirac sea of electrons. This screening makes one contribution to the Lambshift measured in 1947. A similar “screening” exists when massive fermions are scattered by a gravity field. Amazingly, this introduces a very big “screening length” of astrophysical order of magnitude because of the smallness of Newton’s constant. The net result is a change of Newton’s gravitational forces at large distances. This does not introduce any new parameter like the mass of unseen particles interacting by gravitation only. Neither it implies a change of the laws of motion of Newton and Galileo.

We are concerned with the mathematical and asymptotic analysis of solutions to the following nonlinear problem − Δ A u = λ β ( x ) | u | q u + f ( | u | ) u in Ω , u = 0 on ∂ Ω , where Δ A u is the magnetic Laplace operator, Ω ⊂ R N is a smooth bounded domain, A : Ω ↦ R N is the magnetic potential, u : Ω ↦ C, λ is a real parameter, β ∈ L ∞ ( Ω , R ) is an indefinite potential, q is nonnegative, and f : [ 0 , + ∞ ) ↦ R is a reaction that oscillates either in a neighborhood of the origin or at infinity. We analyze two distinct cases, in close relationship with the oscillatory growth of the reaction. Additionally, we give asymptotic estimates for the norm of the solutions in related function spaces.

The distribution of electromagnetic energy density in a dispersive and dissipative metamaterial consisting of arrays of wires and split-ring resonators is obtained, using a simple approach. We show...

The dispersion of dust-acoustic waves (DAWs) in weakly and moderately coupled thermal dusty plasmas is studied in the framework of the linear density-response formalism with the static local-field correction for interdust interactions. The plasma medium composition and the charge of dust particles are simultaneously determined within a recently developed chemical model ( Physical Review E , vol. 101, 063203, 2020) based on minimizing the Helmholtz free energy of the system under investigation. Stemming from the generalized Poisson–Boltzmann equation, the renormalization procedure is consistently applied to derive an interdust screened potential that takes into account the finiteness of dust grains. Within the framework of the Ornstein–Zernike relationship in the hypernetted chain approximation, the static structure factor of the dust component is evaluated to manifest the appearance of local extrema on its wavenumber dependence, thereby indicating the short-range order formation in the arrangement of dust particles with respect to one another. It is shown that the DAW dispersion law is completely governed by the static structure factor and, therefore, exhibits a nonmonotonic dependence on the wavenumber as well. In the long-wavelength limit, the acoustic-like behavior of the DAW dispersion is strictly confirmed and the corresponding phase speed, reduced in units of the dust thermal velocity, is ultimately expressed via the static structure factor at zero wavenumber.

In this paper, we discuss the effects of thermal fluctuations on thermodynamics of rotating regular black hole in five-dimensional spacetime. We first evaluate thermodynamic quantities such as Hawking temperature, entropy, angular velocity and electric potential of the considered model. To discuss the effects of thermal fluctuations, we compute the logarithmic correction terms to entropy around the equilibrium state. We also check the validity of the first law of thermodynamics in the presence of these correction terms. Finally, we determine stability of the system through specific heat and Hessian matrix. It is concluded that logarithmic corrections originated from thermal fluctuations yield a stable model.

Fast and slow magnetosonic cnoidal and solitary wave structures in electron–ion plasmas are studied in the presence of an oblique magnetic field. Under the low-frequency wave assumption, cold ions are taken to be dynamic, while inertialess electrons are assumed as isothermally heated. The two-fluid magnetohydrodynamic model is applied to present the basic set of dynamic equations for magnetosonic waves in the presence of oblique magnetic field. The linear analysis is performed for studying fast and slow modes of magnetosonic waves and also discussed its limiting cases with magnetic field angle. The nonlinear analysis is done via the reductive perturbation method, and the Korteweg–de Vries (KdV) equation is derived with appropriate periodic boundary condition. The cnoidal wave and soliton solutions for both fast and slow magnetosonic waves are presented. The effects of variations of magnetic field angle and plasma beta on both fast and slow magnetosonic cnoidal and soliton wave structures are discussed using the space plasma parameters that exist in the literature.

Stationary configuration of a rotating electrically charged ideal fluid with self-gravitation is considered within the framework of general relativity. Barotropic equation of state of the liquid is p = we (w = const). A combination of a longitudinal magnetic field and a vortex gravitational field is considered. The boundaries of the interval of the barotropic coefficient w in which the material system under study can exist are found. It has been shown that for w > 0, the formation of wormholes is possible. Corresponding solutions describing the space-time wormhole geometry are found.

In connection with attempts to use various types of sensors for measuring weak magnetic fields in geophysics, magnetobiology, and medicine in an unshielded space, the problem of comparing the results of these measurements arose. The issues of measuring a weak alternating magnetic field by various magnetic induction sensors in an unshielded space in the absence of obvious geomagnetic variations are considered. It is shown that the amplitude of natural geomagnetic noise in a quiet geomagnetic field in the absence of geomagnetic variations has a random character; therefore, gradient methods for measuring a weak alternating magnetic field are limited from below by the level of natural geomagnetic noise. The influence of the size of sensors of a weak alternating magnetic field on the results of measurements of broadband random geomagnetic noise is noted.

A Correction to this paper has been published: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00023-020-01015-y

The present investigation deals with the study of higher-order nonlinearity and dispersion to electron-acoustic waves in an unmagnetized and collisionless plasma system incorporating immobile ions, cool adiabatic electrons and nonthermal-Tsallis distributed hot electrons. Employing proper stretched coordinates and Reductive Perturbation Method (RPM), dispersion relation and Korteweg de-Vries (KdV) equation have been derived to the lower-order potential. An inhomogeneous KdV-type equation emerges to the next higher order that accounts for fifth-order dispersion. This study focuses on revealing the dependency of the behaviour of dressed electron-acoustic waves on nonthermal parameter (β), hot-to-cool electron density ratio (α), hot-to-cool electron temperature ratio (θ), Mach number ( $${{\Delta} M}$$ ) and nonextensive parameter (q). Only negative potential structures are reported for which the numerical results are interpreted in the form of two and three-dimensional profiles. The numerical results reflect the decrease in the amplitude of dressed solitary structures, thus obliging simulation of electron-acoustic solitary behaviour in the auroral regions and magnetosphere of Earth.

We consider the system of Maxwell equations and Lorentz torque equation which describes the motion of a charge in an electromagnetic field. Under certain symmetry conditions on the charge distribution and initial fields, the center of mass of the charge remains fixed, but the charge rotates. The system admits stationary soliton type solutions. We study the Lyapunov stability and the orbital stability of solitons exploiting the energy conservation law for the system.

Active ingredients are unlikely to be present in homeopathic dilutions that surpass the Avogadro limit. Yet responses of biological systems to these substances—chemically equivalent to water and indistinguishable from one another—are specific to the materials that are diluted away. This article addresses this challenging problem of homeopathy by identifying its underlying cause through a quantum electrodynamics-based “structural model” stated as: Succussed serial dilutions in water carry information about the solute via solute-specific water structures. The model is verifiable by our three-stranded set of experiments—nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, anomalous dielectric dispersion, and atomic force microscopy. The results, some of which are presented here, directly or indirectly indicate that even extremely diluted solutions, devoid of any gross presence of the solutes, contain solute-reminiscent water structures. Apart from contributing to understanding high-dilution phenomena, these findings are expected to create an impact in the areas of medicine, pharmacopeia, and biology. Succussed aqueous dilutions acquire altered water structures with change of starting material: thus, their altered properties may be ascribed to these water structures, akin to allotropes of carbon. This theory justifies water structures as potential information carrier through succussed serial dilutions.

In this paper, we study the dynamics of a single vortex and a corotating vortex pair in a quasi-two-dimensional Bose–Einstein condensate. The numerical results are obtained by solving the Gross–Pitaevskii equation. It is shown that the vortex motion is strongly dependent on the dipole–dipole interaction (DDI). For a single vortex, the periodic motion occurs with increasing dipole strength. The x-coordinate and y-coordinate as a function of time close to the shape of cosine wave and triangular wave when DDI is an isotropic repulsive interaction, respectively. In addition, it is evident that strong and anisotropic DDI makes the movement of vortex become fast and the amplitude enlarges. In the case of a corotating vortex pair, the dynamics is qualitatively consistent with a single vortex for weak dipole strength. Moreover, the periodic dynamics only appears for strong and anisotropic DDI and more rapid vortex motion is indicated.

The exactly and nearly class-I Bragg resonances of strongly nonlinear waves are studied analytically by the homotopy analysis method. Two types of equilibrium states with time-independent wave spectra and different energy distributions are obtained. Effects of the incident wave height, the seabed height, and the frequency detuning on resonant waves are investigated. Bifurcation points of the equilibrium states are found and tend to greater value of relatively incident wave height for a steeper wave. The wave steepness of the whole wave system grows linearly with the seabed height. Meanwhile, the resonant peak can shift to up or down side when the near resonance is considered. This work provides us a deeper understanding on class-I Bragg resonance and enlightens further studies of higher-order wave-bottom interactions.

We consider the one-dimensional (1D) cubic-quintic Gross--Pitaevskii (GP)nequation, which governs the dynamics of Bose--Einstein condensate (BEC) matter waves with time-varying scattering length and loss/gain of atoms in a harmonic trapping potential. We derive the integrability conditions and the compensation condition for the 1D GP equation and obtain, with the help of a cubic-quintic nonlinear Schr\"{o}dinger (NLS) equation with self-steepening and self-frequency shift, exact analytical solitonlike solutions with the corresponding frequency chirp which describe the dynamics of femtosecond solitons and double-kink solitons propagating on a vanishing background. Our investigation shows that under the compensation condition, the matter wave solitons maintain a constant amplitude, the amplitude of the frequency chirp depends on the scattering length, while the motion of both the matter wave solitons and the corresponding chirp depend on the external trapping potential. More interesting, the frequency chirps are localized and their feature depends on the sign of the self-steepening parameter. Our study also shows that our exact solutions can be used to describe the compression of matter wave solitons when the absolute value of the s-wave scattering length increases with time.

We theoretically study the sound propagation in a two-dimensional weakly interacting uniform Bose gas. Using the classical fields approximation we analyze in detail the properties of density waves generated both in a weak and strong perturbation regimes. While in the former case density excitations can be described in terms of hydrodynamic or collisionless sound, the strong disturbance of the system results in a qualitatively different response. We identify observed structures as quasisolitons and uncover their internal complexity for strong perturbation case. For this regime quasisolitons break into vortex pairs as time progresses, eventually reaching an equilibrium state. We find this state, characterized by only fluctuating in time averaged number of pairs of opposite charge vortices and by appearance of a quasi-long-range order, as the Berezinskii–Kosterlitz–Thouless (BKT) phase.

Using the extended Nikiforov Uvarov method, the potential model as an algorithm, the harmonic and linear functions is employed for solving the hyper-radial Schrodinger equation. The eigenvalue energy and eigenfunction are obtained. The masses, the magnetic moments, and decay width rate for double heavy baryons are calculated. A comparison is presented with other works. The present potential with the used method gives good results in comparison with experimental data and other works.

We use holography to derive effective theories of fluctuations in spontaneously broken phases of systems with finite temperature, chemical potential, magnetic field and momentum relaxation in which the order parameters break translations. We analytically construct the hydrodynamic modes corresponding to the coupled thermoelectric and density wave fluctuations and all of them turn out to be purely diffusive for our system. Upon introducing pinning for the density waves, some of these modes acquire not only a gap, but also a finite resonance due to the magnetic field. Finally, we study the optical properties and perform numerical checks of our analytical results. A crucial byproduct of our analysis is the identification of the correct current which describes the transport of heat in our system., Comment: 50 pages, 4 figures; v2: references added; v3 added panel in figure 2 and minor comments, added references, published version

Entangled photon pairs are a fundamental component for testing the foundations of quantum mechanics, and for modern quantum technologies such as teleportation and secured communication. Current state-of-the-art sources are based on nonlinear processes that are limited in their efficiency and wavelength tunability. This motivates the exploration of physical mechanisms for entangled photon generation, with a special interest in mechanisms that can be heralded, preferably at telecommunications wavelengths. Here we present a mechanism for the generation of heralded entangled photons from Rydberg atom cavity quantum electrodynamics (cavity QED). We propose a scheme to demonstrate the mechanism and quantify its expected performance. The heralding of the process enables non-destructive detection of the photon pairs. The entangled photons are produced by exciting a rubidium atom to a Rydberg state, from where the atom decays via two-photon emission (TPE). A Rydberg blockade helps to excite a single Rydberg excitation while the input light field is more efficiently collectively absorbed by all the atoms. The TPE rate is significantly enhanced by a designed photonic cavity, whose many resonances also translate into high-dimensional entanglement. The resulting high-dimensionally entangled photons are entangled in more than one degree of freedom: in all of their spectral components, in addition to the polarization—forming a hyper-entangled state, which is particularly interesting in high information capacity quantum communication. We characterize the photon comb states by analyzing the Hong-Ou-Mandel interference and propose proof-of-concept experiments.

How far is the distance between the two is obtained through mutually entangled particles. A far as long as the state of one particle changes, so as the state of the other particle instantaneously change. We present a scheme for hierarchical quantum teleportation via a four-qubit cluster state, where a sender distributes asymmetrically a quantum state to distant agents. This asymmetrically distribution leads to different agents to have different authority to reconstruct the secret quantum information. Furthermore, the hierarchical quantum teleportation of an arbitrary single-qubit state can be realized in cavity quantum electrodynamics (QED) systems.

Dark Yang-Mills sectors, which are ubiquitous in the string landscape, may be reheated above their critical temperature and subsequently go through a confining first-order phase transition that produces stochastic gravitational waves in the early universe. Taking into account constraints from lattice and from Yang-Mills (center and Weyl) symmetries, we use a phenomenological model to construct an effective potential of the semi quark-gluon plasma phase, from which we compute the gravitational wave signal produced during confinement for numerous gauge groups. The signal is maximized when the dark sector dominates the energy density of the universe at the time of the phase transition. In that case, we find that it is within reach of the next-to-next generation of experiments (BBO, DECIGO) for a range of dark confinement scales near the weak scale.

The results of numerical calculating the total Mott-Bloch correction to the Bethe stopping formula and the Lindhard-Sorensen correction in the point nucleus approximation, as well as the Mott correction and the difference between the Lindhard-Sorensen and Bloch corrections, which were obtained by some rigorous and approximate methods, are compared for the ranges of a gamma factor of approximately from 1 to 10 and the ion nuclear charge number Z from 6 to 114. It is shown that the accurate calculation of the Mott-Bloch corrections based on the Mott exact cross section using a method previously proposed by one of the authors gives excellent agreement between its values and the values of the Lindhard-Sorensen corrections in the gamma and Z ranges under consideration. In addition, it is demonstrated that the results of stopping power calculations obtained by the two above-mentioned rigorous methods coincide with each other up to the seventh significant digit and provide the best agreement with experimental data in contrast with the results of some approximate methods, such as the methods of Ahlen, Jackson-McCarthy, etc., Comment: 16 pages, 3 tables, 5 figures, PDF

Quasiperiodic and chaotic features of the dust ion acoustic (DIA) waves in a magnetized dusty plasma is studied. Reductive perturbation technique (RPT) is used to derive the damped forced Kadomtsev–Petviashvili (KP) equation. The effect of the dust ion collisional frequency (νid0) on the quasiperiodic and chaotic motion of the DIA waves is studied. It is observed that in absence of dust–ion collisions, the DIA waves exhibit quasiperiodic behavior and the motion becomes chaotic while the dust–ion collisions are taken into consideration. Thus, the dust–ion collisional frequency (νid0) plays the role of switching parameter from quasiperiodic motion to chaotic motion for the DIA waves.

We calculate transition amplitudes and probabilities between the coherent and Fock states of a quantum harmonic oscillator with a moving center for an arbitrary law of motion. These quantities are determined by the Fourier transform of the moving center acceleration. In the case of a constant acceleration, the probabilities oscillate with the oscillator frequency, so that no excitation occurs after every period. Examples of oscillating and rotating motion of the harmonic trap center are considered too. Estimations show that the effect of excitation of vibration states due to the motion of the harmonic trap center can be observed in available atomic traps.

Energy conservation law for a source of gravity in the model consisting of the sphere with uniformly distributed electrons and positrons provides twice gravitational photon mass in comparison with equivalent energy material particle and leads to existence of the particles with negative gravitational mass and zero kinematics momentum if we consider the results of the annihilation reaction. Respectively, pair production will be followed by the release of the other particles opposite to them in a “gravitational charge.” This paper considered the possibility of detecting such particles and their possible influences at distant astronomical objects. Gravastar with the electron mass and bubble structure type is studied under the gravitational mass defect as a result of the presence of negative binding energy assumption. Rotation of energy–momentum–mass vector in the (1+4)D extended space model describes the transformation of the gravity field energy density.

We study the effects of the generic weak nonlinear loss on fast two-pulse interactions in linear waveguides. The colliding pulses are described by a system of coupled Schr\"odinger equations with a purely nonlinear coupling in the presence of the weak $(2m+1)-$order of nonlinear loss, for any $m \geq 1$. We derive the analytic expression for the collision-induced amplitude shift in a fast two-pulse interaction. The analytic calculations are based on a generalization of the perturbation technique for calculating the effects of weak perturbations on fast collisions between solitons of the nonlinear Schr\"odinger equation. The theoretical predictions are confirmed by the numerical simulations with the full propagation model of coupled Schr\"odinger equations., Comment: 15 pages, 3 figures

We use the Hamiltonian structure of equatorial wave-current interactions in the case of non-zero constant vorticity in the near-surface homogeneous layer, studying the dispersion relation for linear long waves outrunning the currents (downstream waves). We also investigate the behavior of the lifespan of the solution of the evolution equation for nonlinear long internal waves with respect to vorticity values.

We define a quantized nonlinear pulse ‘volume’. This then allows us to determine the characteristic of a possible rogue wave by looking at its volume, found from a surface integral. Where higher powers are needed in the integrand, due to slow decay of a pulse, we describe the excitation as a ‘semi-rogue’ wave.