1. Frequent Consumption of Sugar and Artificially Sweetened Beverages and Natural and Bottled Fruit Juices Is Associated with an Increased Risk of Metabolic Syndrome in a Mediterranean Population at High Cardiovascular Disease Risk
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Babio N, Ferreira-Pego C, Bes-Rastrollo M, Corella D, Estruch R, Ros E, Fitó M, Serra-Majem L, Arós F, Fiol M, Santos-Lozano JM, Muñoz-Bravo C, Pintó X, Ruiz-Canela M, Salas-Salvadó J, PREDIMED Investigators, Alimentació, Nutrició, Creixement i Salut Mental, Bioquímica i Biotecnologia, and Universitat Rovira i Virgili
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Biochemistry and technology ,Síndrome metabòlica ,Bioquímica y tecnología ,Sucs de fruita ,PREDIMED study ,Bioquímica i biotecnologia ,Dieta mediterrània ,metabolic syndrome ,0022-3166 ,fruit juices - Abstract
BACKGROUND: The relation between the consumption of sweetened beverages and metabolic syndrome (MetS) is controversial. OBJECTIVE: This analysis evaluated the associations between intakes of sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs), artificially sweetened beverages, and natural and bottled fruit juices and the incidence of MetS in elderly individuals at high risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and without MetS at baseline. METHODS: We prospectively examined 1868 participants free of MetS at baseline from the PREDIMED (PREvención con DIeta MEDiterránea) study. MetS was defined by using the updated harmonized criteria of the International Diabetes Federation, the American Heart Association, and National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute. Energy and nutrient intakes were evaluated at baseline and then yearly by using a validated 137-item food-frequency questionnaire. Multivariable-adjusted HRs for MetS and its components were estimated from mean intakes during follow-up. We compared the 2 highest consumption categories (1-5 and >5 servings/wk) with the lowest category (5 servings/wk with consumption of 5 servings/wk of all of the types of beverages analyzed w
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