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Copyright of Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences is the property of Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences Editorial Department and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This study aimed to explore the effects of different mulching films on machine-picked cotton yield, economic benefit, and mulching film recovery in southern Xinjiang. The experiment was conducted in 2021 in the cotton field of Shaya County, Aksu Prefecture, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region. The bare land was used as the control to set two different mulching films, namely, high castle mulching film（GB）and common PE mulching film（PE）. The yield and economic benefits of cotton under different mulching films were statistically analyzed, and the residual mulching films were recovered. The results showed that, compared with the common PE film and bare land, GB could significantly increase the soil temperature of the 0–10 cm soil layer in the cotton field during the seedling stage（20 d after sowing）by 0.78 ℃ and 2.19 ℃, respectively. The water retention rate at 30th day was 2.51 percentage points higher than that of common PE film, which was effective for increasing temperature and preserving soil moisture. The yield and economic benefit of cotton were significantly increased in GB. Compared with the common PE mulching film and bare land, the seed cotton yield increased by 9.91% and 33.13%, and the profit in GB and PE mulching increased by 55.77% and 27.22%, respectively, compared that in bare land which was beneficial to cotton growth and yield. In addition, the tensile load and fracture nominal strain GB of before and after use were higher than that of ordinary PE film, and the disposable mechanical recovery rate exceeded 80%. This study showed that high castle mulching film had a better effect on increasing temperature and preserving soil moisture in machine-picked cotton fields in southern Xinjiang, was more beneficial to cotton growth and yield than common PE film and bare soil, and the recovery efficiency was higher. To promote the green and sustainable development of cotton fields in southern Xinjiang, it could be preferential for widespread use. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences is the property of Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences Editorial Department and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences is the property of Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences Editorial Department and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences is the property of Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences Editorial Department and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

[Objectives] This paper aimed to define the regulation effect of the interaction between density and irrigation volume on yield of machine-harvested cotton with 76 cm equivalent row spacing and promote deep integration between agricultural machinery and technology. [Methods] Through setting three primary processing zones by density[D1, low density, 135 000 plants·hm-2; D2, medium density (CK), 180 000 plants·hm-2; D3, high density, 225 000 plants·hm -2]and three secondary processing zones by irrigation volume 3 150 m³·hm-2[I1, severe shortage (50% of field moisture capacity)], 4 050 m³·hm-2[I2(CK), slight shortage (75% of field moisture capacity)] and 4 950 m³·hm-2[I3, fully irrigated (100% of field moisture capacity)], this paper selected the 'Xinluzhong 88' in Aksu cotton region as the material to study the impact of the interaction between density and irrigation volume on dry matter accumulation and distribution of machine-harvested cotton with 76 cm equivalent row spacing, temporal distribution of cotton boll, yield, and components. [Results]The improvement of cropping density and irrigation volume slowed down the descending rate of leaf-area index after the flowering and boll-forming stage. The dry matter accumulation of groups and quantity of bolls per unit area increased with improvement of the cropping density, but distribution proportion of economic organs and single boll weight declined slightly. Through increasing the irrigation volume, the dry matter accumulation of groups and distribution proportion of economic organs tended to rise and then decline. However, the single boll weight tended to decline with increase of the irrigation volume under the high-density cropping condition. The dry matter fast accumulation of D3I1 was large under the interaction between density and irrigation volume. During the boll opening stage, the high distribution proportion of economic organs of D3I1 promoted the yield of seed cotton and water use efficiency to increase 3.48%-25.93% and 1.14%-43.29% respectively, compared to other treatments. [Conclusions] Under the cropping pattern with 76 cm equivalent row spacing and high-density condition, the severe shortage of irrigation can promote transfer of dry matter accumulation to economic organs and improve the single boll weight, cotton yield and water use efficiency. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Plastic film mulching plays an important role in Xinjiang cotton production. The main function of mulching is to maintain soil temperature and moisture. Plastic film mulching during the whole growth period may lead to soil temperature overheat and root respiration obstruction. In addition, the biodegradable film is expected to replace traditional plastic films. However, several studies have shown that the degradation period of biodegradable mulch film does not match the growth requirements of cotton. Therefore, balancing the relationship among mulching time, crop growth demand and the changes of farmland environmental factors is the key scientific issue to control the pollution of residual plastic film in Xinjiang. Field experiments were conducted in 2016 and 2017 to investigate the mechanisms behind the effects of mulching time on cotton (Gossypium hirsutum Linn.) growth. Six mulching time (40 d, 55 d, 70 d, 85 d, 100 d and whole growing season mulching) were designed. The cotton yield and Water Use Efficiency (WUE) were simulated by using Root Zone Water Quality Model-Version 2 (RZWQM2) model. The parameters of the RZWQM2 model were calibrated and verified by the measured data of 2016 and 2017. Then, the formation processes of biomass, yield and water use efficiency under the influence of different mulching times were simulated at intervals of 3 days, and the similar processes mentioned above were predicted in 2018 and 2019. The objective of this work was to provide a decision method for the model to simulate soil moisture changes and predict crop yields under the conditions of crop mulching, and it would be helpful to determine the reasonable mulching time and reduce the residual plastic film pollution in cotton field on the premise of ensuring high and stable yield. The model validation results showed that the Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) and Mean Square Error (MRE) between the simulated and measured soil water content in each layer of soil ranged from 0.02 to 0.04 cm3/cm3 and 5.90% to 28.66%. The simulation effect of the upper soil layer was not as good as that of the lower soil layer because of more complex temporal and spatial changes of soil surface organic matter content, macropores and other properties than deep soils. The aboveground biomass of two years increased with the extension of mulching time, and the seed cotton yield and WUE showed a trend of first increasing and then decreasing. The growth rate of seed cotton yield and water use efficiency was the highest when the mulching time was 73-81 d, and the yield was higher when the mulching time was mid-to-early August. At this time, the cotton canopy has been closed, and the surface receives less solar radiation, which maximally inhibits soil evaporation, thus reducing the non-productive water consumption and increasing the proportion of productive water consumption. At the same time, the soil ventilation and air permeability are improved after uncovering the film, and the soil microbial activity is enhanced. Therefore, it can be concluded that uncovering film in this period had little effect on cotton growth, and the tensile strength of mulching film at this time was still high, which was more conducive to mechanical recovery. The optimum mulching time of 91-99 d in southern Xinjiang was beneficial to reduce the risk of residual film contamination and maintain high seed cotton yield and water use efficiency. The mechanism of film mulching cycle on key physiological and ecological processes, such as water consumption structure transformation, salt distribution, nutrient migration and absorption in cotton field need further studies. Related work needs to be carried out in the future research, so as to improve the level of cognition and optimize relevant supporting measures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering is the property of Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences is the property of Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences Editorial Department and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Plastic film is a key technology of improving agricultural yield in water-shortage area. Root system is an important organ to obtain water and nutrients, and it affects production efficiency of crops through the interaction of root zone environment. The objective of this study was to explore the effects of plastic film residue rate on cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) field water environment and root configuration under drip irrigation condition. A field experiment was established with a single factor experiment, completely randomized block design: i.e. 5 levels of plastic film residue rate 0 (A), 225 (B), 450 (C), 675 (D) and 900 kg/hm² (E) application. The experiment was carried out in Southern Xinjiang in 2014 and 2015. In this area, the groundwater depth was 40-50 m. The soil was silt sand. The cotton variety used in this experiment was Xinluzhong 47. During the experiment, the soil water content was periodically measured. Cotton seed yield was measured. Water use efficiency was calculated based on the evaportranspiration. The cotton root diameter, length, volume and surface area were also determined. The results showed that soil moisture and root distribution were affected by plastic film residue rate. Between 80% and 95% of the root biomass was in the 0 to 30 cm soil depth, which was the area most significantly affected by plastic mulch residue for water distribution and cotton root configuration. The average water content of 0-50 cm soil gradually decreased with the increase of plastic film residue rate, and water dominant flow or water barrier benefit was generated, resulting in different degrees of water deficit appeared in each soil layer during the growth period. The average root biomass, root weight density, root length density, root surface area density, root volume and average root diameter were significantly reduced with increased of plastic film residue rate. The yield and water use efficiency were significantly decreased with the increase in plastic residual film rate. Compared to E, the root biomass of treatment A increased by 119% and 126% in 2014 and 2015, respectively, while the root weight density of A increased by 75.68% and 65.77% in 2014 and 2015, respectively. The root length density of A was 51.9% and 70.8% higher than that of E in 2014 and 2015, respectively while the average root surface area of A was 195% and 238% higher than that of E. The root volume of A was 34.62% and 60.16% higher than that of E in 2014 and 2015, respectively while the root average diameter of A was 81.3% and 84% higher than that of E. The 2-year average of the cotton seed yield and water use efficiency of treatment E was decreased by 18.50% and 13.69% compared with treatment A, respectively. Therefore, reasonable measures should be taken to remove plastic film residue and alleviate the negative influence of residual film pollution, which will be conducive to improving yield and water use efficiency in water limiting region. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Agricultural Resources & Environment / Nongye Ziyuan yu Huanjing Xuebao is the property of Journal of Agricultural Resources & Environment Editorial Board and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Nanjing Agricultural University / Nanjuing Nongye Daxue Xuebao is the property of Journal of Nanjing Agricultural University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Mulching is of functions of warming, preserving soil moisture, suppressing salt and preventing weeds, increasing soil water storage capacity, reducing soil water evaporation and improving the effectiveness of soil moisture. A cotton cultivation field experiment was carried out under drip irrigation with plastic film mulching for 2 growing seasons from May to September of 2016 and 2017 in the Tarim Basin, Northwest China (40°06 N，80°44 E, altitude 1 025 m). The experiment included 6 mulching duration treatments of 40 (J1), 55 (J2), 70 (J3), 85 (J4), 100 (J5) and 140 d (whole growing season mulching, CK). The air temperature and precipitation were measured. The precipitation during the growth period of cotton was 45.2 mm in 2016 and 132.36 mm in 2017. The cotton sowed on April 8th, 2016 and April 15th, 2017. The seedling stage started from April 30th in 2016 and May 10th in 2017. The duration from seedling to boll-opening stages was 137 and 131 days respectively for the year of 2016 and 2017. The soil temperature was measured at 10 cm depth. The water content was determined for 0- 80 cm soil depth. Effects of plastic mulching duration on soil temperature, soil water content, crop evapotranspiration (ETc) and yield of cotton field. The water use efficiency was also calculated. The results showed that soil temperature was greatly affected by film mulching duration. After the film was removed, the soil temperature was decreased especially at seedling and bud stage. For the whole growing period of cotton, the change in soil temperature of CK was similar with J5. The film mulching duration also affected soil water content. The soil water content was lower during the early stage of cotton than after the flowering stage. The water content was the lowest for J1 and J2 treatments at the seedling and bud stages since the film was removed and evaporation was higher than the other treatments during these stages. The change of soil water content at 0-20 cm was obvious for different mulching duration treatments. The average soil water content was significantly lower by 14.5%, 10.7%, 8.7% and 7.5% for J1, J2, J3 and J4, respectively than CK (P<0.05). The average soil water content of J5 was not significantly different from that of CK (P>0.05). The ETc of CK and J5 was not different significantly (P>0.05), and that of CK was significantly lower than that of J1-J4 (P<0.05). Among all the treatments, the cotton seed yield of J5 was the highest (P<0.05) with the 2-year average of 6 800 kg/hm2 and the WUE was also the highest with the 2-year average of 11.5 kg/(hm2· mm) (P<0.05). The yield and WUE of J5 was not significantly different from CK (P>0.05). According to the relationship between film mulching duration and soil water content, ETc, WUE and cotton seed yield, the soil water content, yield and WUE increased but the ETc decreased with the duration. However, when the duration was higher than 100 d, the water content, yield and WUE decreased but the ETc increased. Thus, mulching duration of 100 days was suggested as an optimal treatment since the yield and WUE was the highest and the ETc was lower. The results could guide the film application in southern Xinjiang and provide valuable information for degradable film manufacture and recovery. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]