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Sterculia monosperma fruit is the dried and mature seed of Sterculia monosperma, which belongs to genus Sterculia. In China, this plant is a widely distributed arbor with a long planting history in Lingnan area. It is mainly cultivated in Guangdong, Guangxi, Fujian, Yunnan and Taiwan of China; it is also distributed in India, Vietnam and Indonesia, mostly cultivated artificially. S. monosperma fruit has many functions like warming the stomach and killing pests, but its name and characteristics are easily confused with other plants of genus Sterculia. However, the relevant research foundation is relatively weak. Pharmacognostical study can provide reference for its resource development and quality standard formulation. This study identifies the morphological and microscopic characteristics of S. monosperma fruit, as well as the microscopic identification of seed cross-section and powder. The DNA barcode sequences ITS2, psbA-trnH, matK and rbcL of S. monosperma were obtained through bidirectional sequencing, Kimura 2-Parameter(K2P)genetic distance was calculated, and the neighbor joining tree was established for clustering analysis. The results were as follows:(1)The morphological characteristics of S. monosperma fruit included dark red fruit shell and reddish brown or dark chestnut surface. It was hard in texture, with two thick yellowish endosperms inside.(2)The micro-morphological characteristics was that the exotesta was reddish brown, extremely thin, and brittle in texture; the mesotesta was black brown, thick, and hard in texture; the endotesta coat was light yellow and soft in texture.(3)The microscopic characteristics included the structure and arrangement of the exotesta stone cell, the grid cell structure of the mesotesta, the bead thickening of the cell wall of the endotesta cells, and the calcium oxalate cluster crystals.(4)Based on the ITS2 sequence, S. monosperma fruit could be effectively distinguished from other plants in genus Sterculia, while the matK sequence could effectively distinguish S. lanceolata from other plants in genus Sterculia. This study obtained the data on the morphological characteristics, micro-morphological characteristics and microscopic characteristics of S. monosperma fruit. Combined with the ITS2 barcode sequence, S. monosperma fruit can be effectively identified, which provides a scientific reference for the development of its germplasm resources and the formulation of relevant quality standards. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Yao medicine Hongniuxi is the root and rhizome of Achyranthes longifolia, which was a commonly used medicinal herb in Yao ethnic areas. Currently, only a few provinces have recorded the method for quality control of A. longifolia. Microscopic method and thin layer chromatography were qualitatively identified on the roots and rhizomes of 14 batches of Yao Medicine A. longifolia collected in Guangxi region in the standy. The content of β-ecdysterone was determined by High Performance Liquid Chromatography. The Phenomenex column（250mm×4.6 mm, 5 μm） was used, the mobile phase was acetonitrile-water（15:85), the column temperature was 25 ℃, the flow rate was 1.0 mL·min-1, and the detection wavelength was at 243 nm. The results were as follows:（1） The characteristics and microscopic identification methods of A. longifolia were obvious. Microscopic identification showed the inner layer of thrombus, vascular bundle, abnormal vascular bundle, duct, ray cell, calcium oxalate sand crystal or square crystal, etc.（2） The identification spots of β-ecdysterone and ginsenoside RO thin layer chromatography are clear, and the separation effect was good.（3） The β-ecdysterone showed a good linear relationship within the range of 5.606-224.224 μg（r=0.999 9), whose average recovery（n=6） was 97.68%, with the RSD of 1.37%.（4） Among 14 batches of samples, the content of β-ecdysterone range from 0.005% to0.158%, with an average content of 0.098%. This study established a complete method for microscopic identification, thin-layer identification, and content determination, providing a scientific basis for rational evaluation of the quality of A. longifoli. and clinical rational drug use. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Objective]To understand the quality differences of Pogostemon cablin medicinal materials in 10 different producing areas such as Yangchun City, Zhaoqing City and Zhanjiang City in Guangdong Province. [Method] Ten batches of glycolic herbs from different producing areas were used as materials to detect the test items under the Chinese Pharmacopoeia, and the differences of Pogostemon cablin herbs from different producing areas were analyzed by cluster analysis and principal component analysis. [Result] The characteristics of microscopic identification and thin layer identification were obvious, and the contents of moisture, total ash, acid insoluble ash, alcohol soluble extract and patchouli alcohol were in accordance with the requirements of the pharmacopoeia. [Conclusion] The quality of 10 batches of Pogostemon cablin from different producing areas is different. Among them, the quality of Pogostemon cablin from Tanshui Town, Yangchun City, Guangdong Province and Sihui City, Zhaoqing City, Guangdong Province is the best. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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OBJECTIVE: To improve the quality standard of Yishen Jiangu pills. METHODS: To conduct microscopic identification on radix rehmanniae, semen cuscutae, poria, rhizoma dioscoreae and rhizoma alismatis, to preform thin-layer chromatographic identification on cornus officinalis, rhizoma atractylodis and salviae miltiorrhizae, and the high performance liquid chromatography was adopted to carry out quantitative analysis on monosidine and strychnine in the preparation. RESULTS: The characteristics of microscopic identification of radix rehmanniae, semen cuscutae, poria, rhizoma dioscoreae and rhizoma alismatis were obvious, the spots of thin-layer chromatograms of cornus officinalis, rhizoma atractylodis and salviae miltiorrhizae were clear. The morroniside showed good linearity in the range of 0. 368-0. 828 μg, with r² = 0. 999 9 (n = 6), the average recovery was 97. 55%, and the RSD= 1. 57%; strychnine showed good linearity in the range of 0. 392-0. 882 μg, with r² = 0. 999 9 (n = 6), the average recovery was 97. 29%, and the RSD= 0. 82%. CONCLUSIONS: This method is comprehensive and accurate, which has effectively improved the quality control of this preparation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Practical Pharmacy & Clinical Remedies is the property of Editorial Department of Practical Pharmacy & Clinical Remedies and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Practical Pharmacy & Clinical Remedies is the property of Editorial Department of Practical Pharmacy & Clinical Remedies and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Alpiniae zerumbe was a traditional medicinal medicine in Guizhou minority areas,which was the first large product of Guizhou “Southern Medicine”, and also an important economic plant for controlling rocky desertification. The natural resources of A. zerumbe were very rich, and as a common spice plant resource, but has not yet seen the research report about pharmacognosy on A. zerumbe. The systematic study on the pharmacognosy and the determination of content by GC of the national medicine fructus of A. zerumbe. The results showed that the peel had 12-20 longitudinal ridge uplift,and a perianth protrusions with the top of fructus. The seed was divided into three petals from the white septum, and each petal with 8-20 seeds which easy to scattered. The microscopic identification results were as follows: seed cross-section containing 1-2 oil cells, endosperm cells containing starch granules, and a small amount of fine calcium oxalate crystal. There were thread duct, calcium oxalate crystal, starch granules, sclereid and so on which in the powder of A. zerumbe. And the average contents of α-pinene, camphene, β-pinene and 1,8-eucalyptol were 4.292%, 3.966%, 9.703% and 27.171% determined by GC. The character and microscopic identification method of this experiment were accurate, simple and easy to use, which can be used as the basis for the identification of the fructus of A. zerumbe. The method of determination of GC content was good reproducibility and the result was accurate and reliable, and could be used for the determination of volatile oil of fructus of A. zerumbe. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ｓａｕｒｏｐｕｓ ｓｐａｔｕｌｉｆｏｌｉｕｓ Ｂｅｉｌｌｅ ｂｅｌｏｎｇｓ ｔｏ ｅｕｐｈｏｒｂｉａｃｅａｅ ｓａｕｒｏｐｕｓ ｈｅｒｂ,ｗｈｉｃｈ ｉｓ ｍｏｓｔｌｙ ｄｉｓｔｒｉｂｕｔｅｄ ｉｎ Ｇｕａｎｇｘｉ Ｚｈｕａｎｇ Ａｕｔｏｎｏｍｏｕｓ Ｒｅｇｉｏｎ ａｎｄ Ｇｕａｎｇｄｏｎｇ Ｐｒｏｖｉｎｃｅ. Ｓ. ｓｐａｔｕｌｉｆｏｌｉｕｓ Ｂｅｉｌｌｅ ｉｓ ｔｈｅ Ｚｈｕａｎｇ ｍｅｄｉｃｉｎｅ ｏｆ Ｇｕａｎｇｘｉ ｗｈｉｃｈ ｉｓ ｕｓｅｄ ｗｉｄｅｌｙ. Ｔｈｅ ｈｅｒｂ ｃａｎ ｂｅ ｗｉｄｅｌｙ ｕｓｅｄ ｆｏｒ ｍｏｉｓｔｅｎｉｎｇ ｌｕｎｇ ａｎｄ ｓｔｏｐｐｉｎｇ ｃｏｕｇｈｉｎｇ, ａｎｄ ｔｈｅ ｃａｔｈａｒｓｉｓ ｅｆｆｅｃｔ ｉｓ ｓｉｇｎｉｆｉ- ｃａｎｔ. Ｍｏｄｅｒｎ ｒｅｓｅａｒｃｈｅｓ ｓｈｏｗ ｔｈａｔ Ｓ. ｓｐａｔｕｌｉｆｏｌｉｕｓ Ｂｅｉｌｌｅ ｈａｓ ｇｏｏｄ ａｎｔｉ-ｉｎｆｌａｍｍａｔｏｒｙ ａｎｄ ａｎａｌｇｅｓｉｃ ｅｆｆｅｃｔｓ. Ｔｈｅ ｗｈｏｌｅ ｈｅｒｂ ｈａｓ ｈｉｇｈ ｍｅｄｉｃｉｎａｌ ｖａｌｕｅ, ａｎｄ ｉｔ ｉｓ ｃｏｎｔａｉｎｅｄ ｉｎ Ｃｈｉｎｅｓｅ ｎａｔｉｏｎａｌ ｐｈａｒｍａｃｏｐｏｅｉａ. Ｔｈｅ ｉｄｅｎｔｉｆｉｃａｔｉｏｎ ｍｅｔｈｏｄ ｏｆ Ｓ. ｓｐａｔｕｌｉｆｏｌｉｕｓ Ｂｅｉｌｌｅ ｈａｓ ｎｏｔ ｂｅｅｎ ｅｓｔａｂｌｉｓｈｅｄ ａｎｄ ｔｈｅ ｑｕａｌｉｔｙ ｓｔａｎｄａｒｄｓ ｒｅｍａｉｎｅｄ ｔｏ ｂｅ ｆｕｒｔｈｅｒ ｐｅｒｆｅｃｔｅｄ ａｓ ｓｏ ｆａｒ. Ｔｈｅ ｍｉｃｒｏｓｃｏｐｉｃ ｉｄｅｎｔｉｆｉｃａｔｉｏｎｓ ｏｆ ｔｈｅ ｌｅａｆ ａｎｄ ｒｏｏｔ ｈａｖｅ ｂｅｅｎ ｒｅｐｏｒｔｅｄ, ｂｕｔ ｔｈｅ ｍｉｃｒｏｓｃｏｐｉｃ ｉｄｅｎｔｉｆｉｃａｔｉｏｎ ｏｆ ｓｔｅｍ ｈａｓ ｎｏｔ ｂｅｅｎ ｒｅｐｏｒｔｅｄ ｙｅｔ. Ｉｎ ｔｈｅ ｐａｐｅｒ, ｍｉｃｒｏｓｃｏｐｉｃ ｉｄｅｎｔｉｆｉｃａｔｉｏｎ ａｎｄ ＴＬＣ ｉｄｅｎｔｉｆｉｃａｔｉｏｎ ｍｅｔｈｏｄｓ ｗｅｒｅ ｕｓｅｄ ｔｏ ｉｄｅｎｔｉｆｙ ｔｈｅ ｓｔｅｍ ｏｆ Ｓ. ｓｐａｔｕｌｉｆｏｌｉｕｓ Ｂｅｉｌｌｅ. Ｔｈｅ ｍａｉｎ ｍｉｃｒｏｓｃｏｐｉｃ ｃｈａｒａｃｔｅｒｉｓｔｉｃｓ ｏｆ ｓｔｅｍ ｏｆ Ｓ. ｓｐａｔｕｌｉｆｏｌｉｕｓ Ｂｅｉｌｌｅ ｗｅｒｅ ａｓ ｆｏｌｌｏｗｓ: ｃｏｒｋ ｌａｙｅｒ ｗａｓ ｃｏｎｓｉｓｔｅｄ ｏｆ ７－１２ ｃｏｌｕｍｎ ｃｅｌｌｓ, ｍａｎｙ ｓｔａｒｃｈ ｇｒａｉｎｓ ａｎｄ ｆｉｂｅｒ ｂｕｎｄｌｅｓ ｗｅｒｅ ｃｏｎｔａｉｎｅｄ ｉｎ ｃｏｒｔｅｘ, ａｎｄ ｔｈｅ ｐｈｌｏｅｍ ｗａｓ ｎａｒｒｏｗ ａｎｄ ｔｈｅ ｘｙｌｅｍ ｗａｓ ｗｉｄｅ. Ｔｈｅ ｒａｙ ｗａｓ ｏｂｖｉｏｕｓ ａｎｄ ｔｈｅ ｍｅｄｕｌｌａ ｗａｓ ｌａｒｇｅ. Ｉｎ ｔｈｅ ｐｏｗｄｅｒ, ｔｈｅｒｅ ｗｅｒｅ ｓｐｉｒａｌ ｖｅｓｓｅｌｓ, ｒｅｔｉｃｕｌａｔｅｄ ｖｅｓｓｅｌｓ, ｓｃａｌａｒｉｆｏｒｍ ｖｅｓｓｅｌｓ, ｃａｌｃｉｕｍ ｏｘａｌａｔｅ ｃｒｙｓｔａｌ, ｆｉｂｅｒ ａｎｄ ｓｍａｌｌ ｇｒａｎｕｌｅ. Ｉｎ ｔｈｅ ＴＬＣ ｉｄｅｎｔｉｆｉｃａｔｉｏｎ, ｔｈｅ ｓｐｏｔｓ ｏｆ ｔｈｅ ｓａｍｐｌｅ ｗｅｒｅ ｔｈｅ ｓａｍｅ ａｓ ｔｈｅ ｃｏｎｔｒｏｌ ｍｅｄｉｃｉｎａｌ ｍａｔｅｒｉａｌ. Ｔｈｅｓｅ ｃｈａｒａｃｔｅｒｉｓｔｉｃｓ ｐｒｏｖｉｄｅｓ ｔｈｅ ｒｅｆｅｒｅｎｃｅ ｆｏｒ ｔｈｅ ｉｄｅｎｔｉｆｉｃａｔｉｏｎ ａｎｄ ｔｈｅ ｑｕａｌｉｔｙ ｓｔａｎｄａｒｄ ｓｅｔｔｉｎｇ ｏｆ Ｓ. ｓｐａｔｕｌｉｆｏｌｉｕｓ Ｂｅｉｌｌｅ. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To establish the identification methods of Zhenjiankangnao A capsules constituents. Methods: Scorpion and centipede were identified under the microscope. Gastrodia Elata and Radix Bupleuri were identified by thin layer chromatography(TLC) method. The content of tenuifolin was also determined by HPLC method. Phenomenex Luna 5u 18(2)100A C18 column(250 mm × 4.6 mm, 5 μm) was used for separation. The mobile phase consisted of methanol-0.05% phosphate solution(69 : 31) at a flow rate of 1.0 ml/min. The detection wave-length was 210 nm. The injection volume was 20 μl. Results: Brown setae of scorpion and trachea fragments of centipede were observed under the microscope. The TLC spots were clear and the test substances were well separated. The level of tenuifolin was in good linear within the range of 80.2-802.5 μg/ml(r ＝ 0.999 3). The RSD of precision, stability and reproducibility tests were < 2% and the average recovery rate was (101.0 ± 1.02)% (n＝ 6). Conclusion: This method has the following advantages: easy operation, high sensitivity, good specificity and reproducibility, which could be used for constituents study of Zhenjiankangnao A capesules. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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OBJECTIVE: To compare the difference of microscopic characteristics of activating blood circulation micronized powder and ordinary powder, and to optimize the suitable particle size. METHODS: Microscopic identification was adopted, comparative analysis was conducted on the microscopic characteristics of 120 mesh, 200 mesh, 300 mesh and 400 mesh of activating blood circulation powder. RESULTS: There were 10 microscopic characteristics for 120 mesh, 3 for 200 mesh, 1 for 300 mesh and 1 for 400 mesh. CONCLUSIONS: The microscopic characteristics of activating blood circulation powder gradually decreasing with the increasing of meshes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]