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Objective: To investigate the effect of total thoracoscopy and thoracotomy operation on inflammatory factor and immune function in patients with non small cell lung cancer. Methods: 80 patients with non small cell lung cancer in our hospital were selected and randomly divided into two groups, 40 in each group. The study group was treated with total thoracoscopic operation, while the control group, used posterolateral thoracotomy operation. The operation time, intraoperative bleeding, transfusion, and hospital stay of the patients in the two groups, as well as inflammatory factors and immune cell levels before and after treatment were compared. Results:The operation time, intraoperative bleeding, transfusion and hospital stay of the study group were significantly lower than those of the control group,with significant difference(P<0.05); Inflammatory cytokines CRP, SAA, IL-6 and IL-2R of the two groups after treatment obviously increased compared to before operation, and each factor level in the control group elevated significantly higher than that in the study group, with significant difference(P<0.05); CD4+, CD8+ and CD4+/CD8+ in T lymphocytes of the two groups after treatment decreased compared to before operation, and that in the control group obviously decreased higher than that of the study group, with statistical significance(P<0.05). Conclusion: Total thoracoscopic operation has a significant effect in treatment of early stage non small cell lung cancer, can protect the body’s immune function, and is worthy of clinical application. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]