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To investigate the correlation of the occurrence and development of cervical cancer with the disturbance of vaginal flora and the expression of programmed cell death receptor-1 ( PD- 1 l molecules on the surface of T cells in order to provide new direction for PD-1 immune checkpoint blocking therapy. Methods Twenty-four female SPF Kunming mice were randomly divided into two groups: normal control group ( CON J (n = 12 l and cervical cancer model group ( CCM) ( n = 12). We established the mouse cervical cancer Ul4 cell subcutaneous transplantation tumor model. After 21 days of rearing under the same conditions, vaginal secretions and blood samples of mice were collected. 16S rRNA gene amplification and sequencing technology were used to analyze the vaginal flora in the two groups. Flow cytometry was used to detect the subsets of Tlymphocytes in the peripheral blood of mice and the expression of PD-1 on its surface . Results Beta diversity analysis showed that the vaginal flora of the CON group and the CCM group were significantly different in species composition a nd relative abundance of each species. The dominant bacteria in the CON group were Lactobacillus. while the figure in the CCM group converted to Pasteurella and Helicobacter. The mean expression of PD-1 on the surface of T cells in mice in the CCM group was 12 . 78% . which was significantly higher than that in the CON group Cl0.45% l ( P·<0. 05l. The mean of the total number of T cells ( CD3+ T cells l and the number of CD8+ T cells in the CCM group were 38 .78% and 11. 98%. respectively. which were significantly lower than those in the CON group (51. 37% and 20 . 08% l ( P·< O. 05 l. Conclusion Cervical cancer can cause vagina l flora disorder . There may be a certain correlation between the vaginal flora disorder and the high expression of PD-1 on the surface of T cells, suggesting that there may be a new regulatory mechanism for the immune escape in cervical cancer . [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]