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Objective To analyze the risk factor of postoperative urinary retention（POUR） in patients with colorectal malignant neoplasms. Method 527 patients，hospitalized fromOctober， 2013 to September， 2015 in the Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University and diagnosed with colorectal malignant neoplasms， were divided into two groups depending on whether postoperative urinary retention occurs. Gender， age， preoperative complications，body mass index，preoperative hemoglobin，preoperative albumin，intraoperative circumstances，time for indwelling catheter after operation and length of stay were analyzed and compared between two groups. Results Compared with the group without postoperative urinary retention，the group with postoperative urinary retention was different in gender， urinary complications， body mass index≥30 kg/m2， with rectal malignant neoplasm， with low Anterior Resection or abdominoperineal Resection， with T4 stage and with operation time≥240 min，wich has have statistical significance（ P＜0.05）.Conclusion The male who have urinary system disease and whose body mass index is more than 30 kg/m2 are in high risk of postoperative urinary retention. Meanwhile rectal malignant neoplasm，with low Anterior Resection or abdominoperineal Resection，T4 stage tumor and operation time≥240 min are the high risk factors.Once postoperative urinary retention occured，the length of stay and the risk of urinary tract infections would increase. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]