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4 results on '"Sebastien Barot"'

1. Genotypic variability enhances the reproducibility of an ecological study

Author

Markus Lange, Anne Pando, Manuel Blouin, Michael Bonkowski, Jean-Christophe Lata, Agnès Gigon, Carlo Grignani, Sebastien Barot, Nina Buchmann, Simone Cesarz, Ruben Puga-Freitas, Aaron M. Ellison, Alexandru Milcu, Laura Zavattaro, Neringa Mannerheim, Stefan Scheu, Nico Eisenhauer, Rahme Seyhun, Jacques Roy, Anna Greiner, Laura Rose, Marina E.H. Muller, Olaf Butenschoen, Alexandra Weigelt, Sébastien Devidal, Michael Scherer-Lorenzen, Martin Lukac, Jean-François Le Galliard, Arthur Gessler, Davide Assandri, Zachary Kayler, Amandine Hansart, Katherine R. Urban-Mead, Gerd Gleixner, Thomas Girin, Grégoire T. Freschet, Paula Rotter, Écotron Européen de Montpellier, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre d’Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive (CEFE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UPVM)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud]), Institut d'écologie et des sciences de l'environnement de Paris (iEES), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Harvard University [Cambridge], Agroécologie [Dijon], Université de Bourgogne (UB)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement, University of Göttingen - Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Department of Forest Resources, University of Minnesota [Twin Cities] (UMN), University of Minnesota System-University of Minnesota System, Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin (IJPB), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-AgroParisTech, Department of Terrestrial Ecology, Institut of Zoology, University of Cologne, Institute of Plant, Animal and Agroecosystem Sciences, J. F. Blumenbach Institute of Zoology and Anthropology, Georg-August-University [Göttingen], Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry (MPI-BGC), Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Swiss Federal Research Institute, Department of Agricultural, Forestry, and Food Sciences, University of Turin, CEREEP-Ecotron Ile de France (UMS 3194), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Département de Biologie - ENS Paris, École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), School of Agriculture, Policy and Development, University of Reading, Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg [Freiburg], Special Botany and Functional Biodiversity, Universität Leipzig [Leipzig], State allocation ‘Investissement d’Avenir’ [ANR-11-INBS-0001], European Project: 262060,EC:FP7:INFRA,FP7-INFRASTRUCTURES-2010-1,EXPEER(2010), Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UM3)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), UPS 3248, Écotron Européen de Montpellier - Baillarguet, Institut d'écologie et des sciences de l'environnement de Paris (IEES), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Bourgogne (UB)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC), Johann-Friedrich Blumenbach Institut für Zoologie und Anthropologie, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Ouest]), Université de Leipzig, Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule - Swiss Federal Institute of Technology in Zürich [Zürich] (ETH Zürich), Institut d'écologie et des sciences de l'environnement de Paris (IEES (UMR_7618 / UMR_D_242 / UMR_A_1392 / UM_113) ), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Département de Biologie - ENS Paris, École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Biogéochimie et écologie des milieux continentaux (Bioemco), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-AgroParisTech-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), NERC, Imperial College London, Faculty of Biology, Chair of Geobotany, University of Freiburg, Department Systematic Botanic and Functional Biodiversity, Institute Biology, Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UPVM)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Georg-August-University = Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Università degli studi di Torino = University of Turin (UNITO), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Écotron Européen de Montpellier - UPS 3248, George August University Goettingen, University of Minnesota [Twin Cities], Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UPVM)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Harvard University, and Universität Leipzig

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, 0301 basic medicine, Grassland ecology, Microcosms, Genotype, Evolution, [SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, Ecosystem ecology, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Biology, Environment, Transparency, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, 03 medical and health sciences, reproducibility crisis, Behavior and Systematics, Medicago truncatula, [SDV.BA.ZV]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Animal biology/Vertebrate Zoology, Genetic variability, Repeatability, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, Scientific disciplines, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 030304 developmental biology, 0303 health sciences, Reproducibility, Diversity, Ecology, business.industry, Ecological study, Reproducibility of Results, food and beverages, Biodiversity, biology.organism_classification, Biotechnology, Europe, Animal-experiments, 030104 developmental biology, Agronomy, Research Design, Brachypodium distachyon, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, business, Microcosm, Brachypodium
Abstract

International audience; Many scientific disciplines are currently experiencing a 'reproducibility crisis' because numerous scientific findings cannot be repeated consistently. A novel but controversial hypothesis postulates that stringent levels of environmental and biotic standardization in experimental studies reduce reproducibility by amplifying the impacts of laboratory-specific environmental factors not accounted for in study designs. A corollary to this hypothesis is that a deliberate introduction of controlled systematic variability (CSV) in experimental designs may lead to increased reproducibility. To test this hypothesis, we had 14 European laboratories run a simple microcosm experiment using grass (Brachypodium distachyon L.) monocultures and grass and legume (Medicago truncatula Gaertn.) mixtures. Each laboratory introduced environmental and genotypic CSV within and among replicated microcosms established in either growth chambers (with stringent control of environmental conditions) or glasshouses (with more variable environmental conditions). The introduction of genotypic CSV led to 18% lower among-laboratory variability in growth chambers, indicating increased reproducibility, but had no significant effect in glasshouses where reproducibility was generally lower. Environmental CSV had little effect on reproducibility. Although there are multiple causes for the 'reproducibility crisis', deliberately including genetic variability may be a simple solution for increasing the reproducibility of ecological studies performed under stringently controlled environmental conditions.

Published
2018
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2. Interactions between the green and brown food web determine ecosystem functioning

Author

Elisa Thébault, Kejun Zou, Sebastien Barot, Gérard Lacroix, Cooke, J. (ed.), DeGabriel, J.L. (ed.), Hartley, S.E. (ed.), Institut d'écologie et des sciences de l'environnement de Paris (iEES), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), ANR project PULSE within the program CEPS [ANR-2010-CEPL-010-04], French Ministry of Research (MENSR), China Scholarship Council (CSC), and Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, Nutrient cycle, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Biology, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Decomposer, pelagic-benthic interactions, Food chain, Ecosystem, Trophic cascade, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, Trophic level, food web, Ecology, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, nutrient cycling, 15. Life on land, Food web, trophic cascade, ecosystem functioning, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, detritus, microbial loop, competition, Microbial loop, above-ground-below-ground interactions
Abstract

Summary The concepts of top-down and bottom-up controls are central to our understanding of cascading trophic effects on ecosystem functioning. Classical food web theory has focused either on food webs based on primary production (green food webs) or on food webs based on detritus (brown food webs) and generally ignored nutrient cycling. We argue that nutrient cycling connects the two food webs, which questions the traditional concept of top-down and bottom-up controls. By integrating these two food webs and nutrient cycling into simple models, we investigate the cascading effects from one food web to the other one. Both analytical calculations and simulations show that these two cascading effects depend on simple but distinct mechanisms that are derived from different ecological processes. Predators of decomposers can affect primary production in the green food chain. The signs of these effects are determined by relative proportions of nutrient cycling within the brown food chain. Cascading effects within the green food chain can affect decomposer production in a bottom-up way. The carbon/nutrient limitation of decomposers determines the way the green food chain affects decomposer production. These theoretical findings are applicable to explore real interactions and cascading effects between the green and the brown food webs, such as pelagic–benthic interactions or above-ground–below-ground interactions.

Published
2016
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3. Ecosystem services must tackle anthropized ecosystems andecological engineering

Author

Sebastien Barot, L. Ye, Manuel Blouin, Luc Abbadie, Nathalie Frascaria-Lacoste, Institut d'écologie et des sciences de l'environnement de Paris ( IEES ), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique ( INRA ) -Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 ( UPMC ) -Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 ( UPEC UP12 ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Université de Ouagadougou, Agroécologie [Dijon], Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique ( INRA ) -Université de Bourgogne ( UB ) -AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté ( UBFC ), Ecologie Systématique et Evolution ( ESE ), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 ( UP11 ) -AgroParisTech-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Institut d'écologie et des sciences de l'environnement de Paris (IEES (UMR_7618 / UMR_D_242 / UMR_A_1392 / UM_113) ), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Bourgogne (UB)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC), Ecologie Systématique et Evolution (ESE), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-AgroParisTech-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut d'écologie et des sciences de l'environnement de Paris (iEES Paris), Université Joseph Ki-Zerbo [Ouagadougou] (UJZK), and Université de Bourgogne (UB)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement

Subjects
Human ecosystem, Environmental Engineering, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], 010501 environmental sciences, Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law, Ecological systems theory, 01 natural sciences, Ecosystem services, Ecosystem, Ecosystem diversity, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Nature and Landscape Conservation, 2. Zero hunger, [ SDV ] Life Sciences [q-bio], business.industry, Environmental resource management, Naturebased solution, Disservices, 15. Life on land, Ecological engineering, Geography, Sustainability, 13. Climate action, Ecosystem functioning, Natural capital, Anthropized ecosystems, business, Agroecology, Natural capitala
Abstract

WOS:000391838600054; International audience; The notion of ecosystem service is meant to better link human societies to ecological systems and to serve has a tool for decision making. However, the notion has never been applied in a comprehensive and consistent way to anthropized ecosystems while most ecosystems are indeed anthropized. This means that in initiatives of ecosystem service assessment anthropized ecosystems are either neglected or their services assessed in a misleading way. For example, services from cultivated lands are usually valued through the value of the agricultural production, while this production highly depends on inputs (fertilizers, pesticides, non-renewable sources of energy) and human work that cannot be assimilated to ecological factors. Moreover, these practices have negative impacts such as the emission of greenhouse gases, nutrient leaching to other ecosystems or loss of soil fertility. Hence, we present here a general framework that could be used to assess the ecosystem services provided by anthropized ecosystems. This framework is based on the joint assessment of ecological services, disservices, losses of natural capital and impacts on other ecosystems. We show that this framework is required to assess different practices to manipulate an ecosystem, e.g. low- vs high-input agriculture, or different ecosystems with different levels of anthropization, e.g. manage forest vs. cropland. Indeed, ecosystems function in such a complex way that human manipulations and natural ecological processes are tightly intermingled so that services and disservices arising solely from ecological processes cannot be separated from the result of human manipulations. (C) 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Published
2017
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4. Effects of plant evolution on nutrient cycling couple aboveground and belowground processes

Author

Nicolas Loeuille, Sebastien Barot, Tiphaine Le Mao, Institut d'écologie et des sciences de l'environnement de Paris (iEES), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), French National Institute for Agricultural Research (INRA), CNRS, IRD, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Institut d'écologie et des sciences de l'environnement de Paris (IEES)

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, Nutrient cycle, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Biology, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Nutrient cycling, 03 medical and health sciences, Plant evolution, Nutrient, Organic matter, Ecosystem, 030304 developmental biology, Belowground-aboveground interactions, 2. Zero hunger, chemistry.chemical_classification, 0303 health sciences, Biomass (ecology), Detritus, Ecology, Ecological Modeling, 15. Life on land, 010601 ecology, Tilman'sR* rule, chemistry, Productivity (ecology), Agronomy, Ecosystemfunctioning, Environmental science
Abstract

Plant strategies for nutrient acquisition and recycling are key components of ecosystem functioning. How the evolution of such strategies modifies ecosystem functioning and services is still not well understood. In the present work, we aim at understanding how the evolution of different phenotypic traits link aboveground and belowground processes, thereby affecting the functioning of the ecosystem at different scales and in different realms. Using a simple model, we follow the dynamics of a limiting nutrient inside an ecosystem. Considering trade-offs between aboveground and belowground functional traits, we study the effects of the evolution of such strategies on ecosystem properties (amount of mineral nutrient, total plant biomass, dead organic matter and primary productivity) and whether such properties are maximized. Our results show that when evolution leads to a stable outcome, it minimizes the quantity of nutrient available (following Tilman's R* rule). We also show that considering the evolution of aboveground and belowground functional traits simultaneously, total plant biomass and primary productivity are not necessarily maximized through evolution. The coupling of aboveground and belowground processes through evolution may largely diminish predicted standing biomass and productivity (extinction may even occur), and impact the evolutionary resilience (ie, the return time to previous phenotypic states) of the ecosystem in face of external disturbances. We show that changes in plant biomass and their effects on evolutionary change can be understood by accounting for the links between nutrient uptake and mineralization, and for indirect effects of nutrient uptake on the amount of detritus in the system.

Published
2017
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