Author: "Evrard, O." / Topic: [sdu.stu.hy]sciences of the universe [physics]/earth sciences/hydrology - Searchworks@Jio Institute Digital Library Search Results

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32 results on '"Evrard, O."'

1. Applying geochemical and colour properties to quantify sediment sources in a Brazilian semiarid ephemeral river system

Author: Nascimento, R. C., Maia, A. J., Bezerra da Silva, Y .J. A., Amorim, F. F., Araujo do Nascimento, W. C., Tiecher, T., Evrard, O., Collins, A. L., Biondi, C. M., Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco (UFRPE), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul [Porto Alegre] (UFRGS), Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Géochimie Des Impacts (GEDI), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Rothamsted Research North Wyke, Universidade Federal do Piauí (UFPI), and The contribution to this manuscript by ALC was funded by UKRI-BBSRC (UK Research and Innovation-Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council) grant award BBS/E/C/000I0330. This study was financed in part by the Coordenaçao ˜ de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - Brasil (CAPES) - Finance Code 001.
Subjects: Colour tracers, [SDU.STU.GC]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geochemistry, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Drylands, Soil erosion, Climate change, [SDU.STU.GM]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geomorphology, Sediment transport, [SDU.STU.HY]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Hydrology, [SDV.SA.SDS]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences/Soil study, [SDU.ENVI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces, environment, Sediment fingerprinting, Water Science and Technology
Abstract: International audience; The Brazilian semiarid is the most densely populated dry region in the world. Although climate change projections underline the need for the creation of integrated strategies to protect water resources in the semiarid, sediment source apportionment data remain scant for this environment. Accordingly, we evaluated sediment source contributions in one of the most relevant Brazilian semiarid catchments by combining geochemical and colour tracer properties. In doing so, we explored the applicability of colour tracers as a low-cost alternative to the use of time-consuming and costly properties, such as geochemical tracers. Two source classification schemes were used based on environmentally contrasting regions within the catchment (upper, middle and lower catchment parts) and land use (Caatinga biome-natural vegetation, unpaved roads, and channel banks). Suspended sediments (SS) and bed sediments (BS) were used as target sediment. A total of 660 individual source material samples were collected and composited. Geochemical and colour tracers were measured on the source and target sediment samples and used as potential fingerprints to discriminate and quantify the sediment source contributions. The geochemical tracers provided weak source discrimination based on land use. However, combining geochemical and colour tracers improved the final outputs. Using the MixSIAR model, the lower catchment contributed more sediment than the other regional sources. The Caatinga (SS = 49%; BS = 47%) contributed more sediment than channel banks (SS = 35%; BS = 39%). Overall, our results suggest that the recovery and conservation of the Caatinga vegetation and the stabilization of channel banks, especially in the lower catchment part, are critical for improving sediment supply control in the semiarid study basin. More studies are needed to evaluate the conservative behaviour of colour tracers in ephemeral rivers.
Published: 2022
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2. Combining colour and magnetic properties with geochemical tracers to improve discrimination of sediment sources in the Conceição River Catchment, Southern Brazil

Author: Ramon, Rafael, Tiecher, Tales, Evrard, O., Laceby, J. Patrick, Caner, Laurent, Minella, Jean P.G., Barros, Cláudia, Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Géochimie Des Impacts (GEDI), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul [Porto Alegre] (UFRGS), Alberta Environment and Parks (AEP), Institut de Chimie des Milieux et Matériaux de Poitiers (IC2MP), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Poitiers-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC), Universidade Federal de Santa Maria = Federal University of Santa Maria [Santa Maria, RS, Brazil] (UFSM), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Poitiers-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM)
Subjects: [SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, [SDU.STU.GM]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geomorphology, [SDU.STU.HY]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Hydrology, [SDV.SA.SDS]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences/Soil study, [SDU.ENVI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces, environment
Abstract: International audience; An important step in the sediment source fingerprinting approach is the selection of the appropriate tracing parameters to maximise source discrimination. In order to reduce uncertainties and increase discrimination between sources it may be necessary to use multiple tracing parameters. Accordingly, this study investigates the discrimination and apportionment of sediment sources in a rural agricultural catchment obtained by combining colour, magnetic, and geochemical fingerprinting approaches. The Conceição River catchment (804 km 2) has predominantly deep and highly weathered Ferralsols with land-use consisting of croplands (73%), pastures (18%), forests (8%) and other uses (1%). A total of 189 samples were taken from the main sediment sources, including: Crop-lands (CR, n=78), pastures (P, n=24), unpaved roads (UR, n=38), gullies (G, n=15) and stream bank (SB, n=34). Sediment samples were taken from the surface bed (n=10) of the river and with time integrated samplers (n=4). Twenty-two geochemical tracers, 6 magnetic properties and 24 colour parameters were analyzed. Tracers were selected following a three step procedure, including: (i) a conservative range test (95% confident interval), (ii) a Kruskal-Wallis H test, and (iii) discriminant function analysis (DFA). The DFA was performed using four different sets of variables: (i) geochemical variables only (G); (ii) geochemical+magnetic+colour (GMC); (iii) geochemi-cal+colour (GC); (iv) geochemical+magnetic (GM). The selected tracers were introduced into a modified version of the classical Solver-based mixing model that in order to determine the relative contribution of different sources to in-stream sediment through simultaneously minimizing mixing model difference. The G and GC DFAs both resulted 69% of samples correct classified (SCC) as no colour parameters were selected by the DFA. The GMC and GM approaches improved the discrimination, both resulting in 76% of SCC. For the G and GC approaches, the average source contribution for the 12 sediment samples were P 47%, SB 29%, CR 19%, UR 5% and G 0%. For the GMC and GM approaches, the contribution of each source was P 41%, SB 37%, CR 14%, UR 8% and G 0%. These results are counterintuitive to field observations where cropland is anticipated to contribute more sediment than pastures. Future research should use artificial mixtures to validate these results. Both magnetic and colour parameters hold potential to improve discrimination between sources, particularly magnetic parameters in catchments with high weathered soils.
Published: 2019

3. Long-term hydro-sedimentary monitoring and modelling for the conservationist planning of the soil and water in a small catchment in southern Brazil

Author: Minella, Jean, Barros, Cláudia, Merten, Gustavo, Ramon, Rafael, Schlesner, Alexandre, Tiecher, Tales, Evrard, O., Bernardi, Felipe, Menezes, Danrlei, Carvalho, Cristiano, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria = Federal University of Santa Maria [Santa Maria, RS, Brazil] (UFSM), Departamento de Solos, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul [Porto Alegre] (UFRGS), University of Minnesota [Duluth], University of Minnesota System, Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Géochimie Des Impacts (GEDI), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), Université Paris-Saclay-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: [SDU]Sciences of the Universe [physics], [SDU.STU]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences, [SDU.STU.GM]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geomorphology, [SDU.STU.HY]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Hydrology, [SDV.SA.SDS]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences/Soil study, [SDU.ENVI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces, environment
Abstract: International audience; The hydrological dynamics of a small rural river catchment in southern Brazil have been used to understand the impact of agricultural activity on soil and water resource degradation. The monitoring and modeling strategies employed to better understand the integrated phenomena focus on surface flow dynamics and the associated processes, such as erosion, sediment yield (SY), and chemical element transfer. In this context, monitoring and modeling techniques are combined in order to include the main hydrological processes involved in soil and water resource degradation. The project began in 2002 and over 500 rainfall-runoff-sediment events and suspended sediment concentration make up the hydrological database under different land use and soil management conditions. The 1.2 km2 catchment of the study is characterized by the presence of shallow soils, high slope, intense agricultural activity, and high SY (∼150 t.km-2.y-1). Techniques that enable the identification of the origin and redistribution of sediments (e.g fingerprinting approach and Cs137) and hydrograph analysis are being used to further understand the dynamics of SY in the catchment. The comprehension of the factors involved in the SY dynamics has allowed the improvement and application of different mathematical models (e.g., LISEM and WATERSHED) to simulate surface flow and SY. These models are used to represent the influence of soil and water conservation practices while considering the interaction between the different landscape components (crops, roads, drainage network, etc.). From this set of data and tools, the capacity of the agricultural production system, drainage network, wetlands and riparian forests in accelerating or retarding water flow, sediment, and chemical elements in the landscape are evaluated. All of these studies have been used to improve soil and water conservation practices at catchment scale, meeting the expectations of farmers in erosion control and water storage as well as of the society interested in maintaining the hydrological functions of soils in catchment scale.
Published: 2019

4. The scale dependency of erosion and runoff for two agricultural catchments in the Western Paris Basin, France

Author: Olivier Cerdan, Valentin Landemaine, Benoît Laignel, Evrard, O., Sebastien Salvador-Blanes, Thomas Grangeon, Rosalie Vandromme, John-Patrick Laceby, Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières (BRGM) (BRGM), Morphodynamique Continentale et Côtière (M2C), Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rouen Normandie (UNIROUEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Géochimie Des Impacts (GEDI), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), GéoHydrosystèmes COntinentaux (GéHCO EA6293), Université de Tours (UT), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Tours, and Cerdan, Olivier
Subjects: [SDU.STU.GM] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geomorphology, [SDU.STU.HY] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Hydrology, [SDU.STU.GM]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geomorphology, [SDU.STU.HY]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Hydrology, [SDV.SA.SDS]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences/Soil study, [SDV.SA.SDS] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences/Soil study
Abstract: International audience; A major challenge in geomorphology is reconciling the disparity between runoff coefficients and erosion ratesfrom the field to the catchment scale. In the European loess belt, a decrease of runoff coefficients and erosion ratesoccurs with increasing spatial scales. Indeed, it is important to understand the scale dependency of run-off anderosion to manage the off-site impacts of accelerated soil erosion. Accordingly, a continuous simulation of the scaledependency of runoff and erosion, from the field scale to the catchment scale (100 – 1000 km2) was conducted withtheWater and Sediment (WaterSed) model for two catchments (Andelle-756 km2, and Austreberthe-214 km2) over12 years (>1000 events). Scale effects were evident with a 100-fold decrease in runoff coefficients and sedimentdelivery ratios between the field scale and the catchment scale. In spite of a low variability of the annual rainfall(19%), the inter-annual variability of the runoff volume (37%) and erosion rates (92%) at catchment outlets werehigh. The inter-annual variability of runoff and erosion was closely linked to the number of extreme events peryear and their distribution through the year, in particular during periods with highly crusted soil surface states.For these high magnitude events, a complex distributed modelling approach was not necessary as the ability ofthe soil surface and of the landscape to retain overland flows are largely exceeded. The seasonality of soil surfacecharacteristics also affected the scale dependency of runoff and erosion, from the field scale to the catchment scale.However, this is only observed up to a certain spatial extent, i.e. where hillslope erosion processes are governedby hortonian overland flow. When saturation flows are generated, topography and soil depth become the dominantfactors. Understanding runoff and sediment response at different scales should focus on the location and amountof runoff and sediment production within the catchment and the capacity of the downstream flow path to retainor transfer overland flow and sediment. Furthermore, this study demonstrates the need to implement model thatrepresent both hortonian and saturation flows when simulating erosion events at the catchment scale.
Published: 2019

5. Comparing conventional and alternative sediment tracing methods to quantify the sources of sediment transiting rivers of South Pacific Islands

Author: Sellier, Virginie, Evrard, O., Navratil, O., Laceby, J. Patrick, Legout, Cédric, Lefèvre, Irène, Allenbach, Michel, Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Géochimie Des Impacts (GEDI), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Environnement, Ville, Société (EVS), École normale supérieure de Lyon (ENS de Lyon)-École des Mines de Saint-Étienne (Mines Saint-Étienne MSE), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Université Lumière - Lyon 2 (UL2)-Université Jean Moulin - Lyon 3 (UJML), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Lyon (INSA Lyon), Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Étienne (UJM)-École Nationale des Travaux Publics de l'État (ENTPE)-École nationale supérieure d'architecture de Lyon (ENSAL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Environmental Monitoring and Science Division of Alberta (EMSD), Alberta Government, Institut des Géosciences de l’Environnement (IGE), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019]), Université de la Nouvelle-Calédonie (UNC), Institut de sciences exactes et appliquées (ISEA), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Environnement Ville Société (EVS), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Lyon (INSA Lyon), Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École nationale supérieure d'architecture de Lyon (ENSAL)-École des Mines de Saint-Étienne (Mines Saint-Étienne MSE), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-École Nationale des Travaux Publics de l'État (ENTPE)-Université Jean Monnet [Saint-Étienne] (UJM)-Université Jean Moulin - Lyon 3 (UJML), Université de Lyon-Université Lumière - Lyon 2 (UL2)-École normale supérieure - Lyon (ENS Lyon), and Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019])
Subjects: [SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, [SDU.STU.GM]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geomorphology, [SDU.STU.HY]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Hydrology, [SDV.SA.SDS]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences/Soil study, [SDU.ENVI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces, environment, [SDU.STU.AG]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Applied geology
Abstract: International audience; Soil erosion and subsequent sediment transfer in rivers may be intense in tropical regions exposed to heavy rainfall. In New Caledonia, a French island located in the southwest of the Pacific Ocean, these problems are exacerbated by nickel open-mining activities. After more than 150 years of exploitation, the excessive sediment input from mining areas has strongly modified the morphology of rivers (hyper-sedimentation) and impacted the island's ecosystems designated a UNESCO World Heritage Site. Despite the severity of these problems, the contribution of mining activities to sediment transiting rivers of this region has not yet been quantified, and this estimation is required to guide the implementation of efficient management measures to mitigate the fine sediment supply to New Caledonian rivers and lagoons. To this end, a pilot sediment tracing study has been conducted in one of the first sites exploited for nickel mining, the 400-km$^2$ Thio River catchment. Sediment deposited during the February 25, 2015 flood was collected according to a 'tributary tracing ap-proach' on the main stem of the Thio River and its main tributaries classified in two types (rivers draining mining sites vs. those devoid of mining activity and where sediment is supplied by landslides, cattle trampling and erosion following forest fires). As nickel mining has mainly developed on peridotite massifs enriched in Mn and Fe oxides, mining sources generate orange or red-coloured sediments, whereas the areas devoid of mining activities rather supply grey material to the rivers. Accordingly, the applicability of alternative sediment tracing method such as spectrocolorimetry in the visible (VIS) range of the spectrum was investigated. The results of this method were compared to those obtained with conventional methods based on fallout radionuclides. Thorium (Th) contents estimated based on the measurement of Th-228 by gamma spectrometry provided a better discrimination between both sources than Cs-137 and unsupported Pb-210. This is likely explained by the low levels of fallout radionuclides (mainly Cs-137) in this region of the world, and by the natural Th enrichment in the volcano-sedimentary formation rocks, devoid of mining activities. On the contrary, the peridotite massif rocks concentrating the nickel mining activities were depleted in Th. Accordingly, the application of a distribution modelling approach based on Th contents showed that tributaries draining mining sites were the main source of sediment supplied to the Thio River (mean 59 %), although the contributions of no-mining sources was far from negligible. Similar results were found with the spectrocolorimetry parameters. After validation, these two methods will be applied to a sediment core collected in the Thio river deltaic plain to characterize potential changes in sediment source contributions over time. Potential applications in other catchments draining mines in New Caledonia will also be explored.
Published: 2018

6. Tracing the sources and dynamics of contaminated sediment in coastal rivers draining the main Fukushima radioactive fallout plume using gamma-emitting radionuclides and carbon/nitrogen stable isotopes (2011-2017)

Author: Evrard, O., Laceby, J. Patrick, Onda, Yuichi, Hayashi, Seiji, Tsuji, Hideki, Huon, Sylvain, Lefèvre, Irène, Jaegler, Hugo, Landemaine, Valentin, Vandromme, Rosalie, Cerdan, Olivier, Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Géochimie Des Impacts (GEDI), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Alberta Environment and Parks (AEP), Université de Tsukuba = University of Tsukuba, National Institute for Environmental Science [Fukushima], Institut d'écologie et des sciences de l'environnement de Paris (iEES), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières (BRGM) (BRGM), ANR-11-RSNR-0002,AMORAD,AMORAD1(2011), ANR-11-JAPN-0001,TOFU,Traçage des conséquences environnementales du tsunami provoqué par le séisme de TOhoku et de l'accident de FUkushima(2011), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Evrard, Olivier, AMORAD1 - - AMORAD2011 - ANR-11-RSNR-0002 - RSNR - VALID, and Great Tohoku Earthquake - Traçage des conséquences environnementales du tsunami provoqué par le séisme de TOhoku et de l'accident de FUkushima - - TOFU2011 - ANR-11-JAPN-0001 - JAPON - VALID
Subjects: [SDE] Environmental Sciences, [SDE.MCG] Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, [SDU.STU.GM] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geomorphology, [SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, [SDU.STU.HY] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Hydrology, [SDU.STU.GM]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geomorphology, [SDU.STU.HY]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Hydrology, [SDV.SA.SDS]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences/Soil study, [SDV.SA.SDS] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences/Soil study, [SDU.ENVI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces, environment, [SDU.ENVI] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces, environment
Abstract: International audience; Fieldwork was conducted every 6 months between 2011 and 2017 to monitor the dispersion of sediment contaminated with radionuclides in rivers draining the main Fukushima radioactive pollution plume (~500 km²). Fine sediment was systematically collected at the same locations (n=47) and analysed for gamma-emitting radionuclides (including 137Cs and 110mAg). A selection of samples was also analysed for carbon/nitrogen concentrations and isotopes. Organic matter analyses showed that paddy fields provided the main source of contaminated sediment to the rivers shortly after the accident. The spatial variations of the 110mAg:137Cs activity ratio in soils were used to demonstrate the very rapid export of sediment to the Pacific Ocean. However, this tool could only be used during the first campaigns, because of the quick decay of 110mAg. Overall, radiocesium concentrations measured in sediment deposits decreased by ~90% between 2011 and 2017. This may be explained by remediation works, by a massive export of material during typhoons and by the occurrence of landslides or channel bank erosion that supply material sheltered from the Fukushima fallout to the river network. Consequently, 6 years after the accident, most of the residual radioactive contamination is found in forests and in dam reservoirs. The analysis of sediment cores collected in a reservoir confirmed the significant storage of contaminated material in these lakes and that paddy fields provided their main source. Ongoing research focuses on the development of a soil erosion model and on the quantification of the impact of remediation works.
Published: 2018

7. Les effets de la crue de juin 2016 sur la qualité de l'eau du bassin de la Seine

Author: Nicolas Flipo, Jean-Marie Mouchel, Cédric Fisson, Shuaitao Wang, Marion Le Gall, Sophie Ayrault, Pierre Labadie, Johnny Gasperi, Sophie Guillon, Hélène Budzinski, Evrard, O., Thomas Romary, Emilie Chautru, Déborah Abhervé, Gaëlle Chevillotte, J-B, Narcy, Aline Cattan, Michel Meybeck, Centre de Géosciences (GEOSCIENCES), Mines Paris - PSL (École nationale supérieure des mines de Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL), Milieux Environnementaux, Transferts et Interactions dans les hydrosystèmes et les Sols (METIS), École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Groupement d’Intérêt Public Seine-Aval (GIP-Seine-Aval), Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Environnements et Paléoenvironnements OCéaniques (EPOC), Observatoire aquitain des sciences de l'univers (OASU), Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1 (UB)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1 (UB)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire Eau Environnement et Systèmes Urbains (LEESU), AgroParisTech-École des Ponts ParisTech (ENPC)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12), Géochimie Des Impacts (GEDI), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Agence de l'Eau Seine-Normandie, Nicolas Flipo, Jean-Marie Mouchel, Cédric Fisson, Guillon, Sophie, Nicolas Flipo, Jean-Marie Mouchel, Cédric Fisson, MINES ParisTech - École nationale supérieure des mines de Paris-PSL Research University (PSL), École pratique des hautes études (EPHE)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Pôle Régional des Savoirs, Université Paris-Saclay-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), UMR 5805 Environnements et Paléoenvironnements Océaniques et Continentaux (EPOC), Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), laboratoire Eau Environnement et Systèmes Urbains (LEESU), Patrimoines Locaux et Gouvernance (PALOC), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), MINES ParisTech - École nationale supérieure des mines de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), and Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)
Subjects: [SDU.STU.GC]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geochemistry, [SDU.STU.GC] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geochemistry, [SDU.STU.HY] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Hydrology, [SDU.STU.HY]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Hydrology, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract: International audience
Published: 2018

8. Contribution of bank erosion to the sediment budget of a drained agricultural lowland catchment

Author: Cerdan, Olivier, Foucher, Anthony, Vandromme, Rosalie, Salvador-Blanes, Sébastien, Gay, Aurore, Landemaine, Valentin, Evrard, O., Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières (BRGM) (BRGM), GéoHydrosystèmes COntinentaux (GéHCO EA6293), Université de Tours (UT), Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Géochimie Des Impacts (GEDI), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Cerdan, Olivier, Université de Tours, Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: ", [SDU.STU.GM] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geomorphology, sediment, bank erosion, [SDU.STU.HY] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Hydrology, [SDU.STU.GM]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geomorphology, [SDU.STU.HY]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Hydrology, [SDV.SA.SDS]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences/Soil study, [SDV.SA.SDS] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences/Soil study, [SDU.ENVI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces, environment, [SDU.ENVI] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces, environment
Abstract: International audience; Following the shift towards more intensive agriculture in cultivated lowlands in Europe, field sizes have increased and stream valley meanderings have been removed and realigned along new straight field borders. These modifications have led to profound alterations of the hydromorphology of the streams. To test the impact of these modifications, the long-term and current volumes of sediment originating from stream banks were calculated as they provided potential sources of sediment in a large pond located at the outlet of a small agricultural lowland basin under strong anthropogenic pressure. Bank erosion was measured using several methodologies, i) over a short period using a set of erosion pins along a small stream (1400 m long) to quantify the material exported during a single winter season (2012/2013); ii) over the last 69 years using an original approach involving the comparison of a compilation of three-dimensional historical stream redesign plans from 1944 vs. new measurements conducted in 2013 (DGPS and LiDAR data); iii) over several decades by using tracers (137Cs) that can differentiate between surface and subsoil erosion. At the catchment scale, total sediment exports were estimated from 1945 to 2013 combining seismic imagery and core dating in the lake. Sediment exports decreased with time, from 300 t. km–2.yr–between 1954 and 1980 to 95 t. km–2.yr–1 between 1980 and 2013. Today, erosion rates recorded at the outlet of the catchment vary between 90–102 t.km–2.yr–1. Therefore, the order of magnitude of the mean export rate is approximately 180 t. km–2.yr–1 for the last 70 years.The contribution of channel banks to this sediment export was the highest (~30%) between 1954 and 1980 when the ditches were constructed. For the entire period since the landscape modification, the contribution of bank erosion is lower but still reaches 20%. Bank erosion can therefore be considered as a significant contributor to the sediment budget of the lowland catchments that have been redesigned after the 2nd world war in Western Europe.
Published: 2017

9. Quantifying the transfer times of suspended sediment during floods with $^7$Be and $^{210}$Pb$_{xs}$ measurements in a drained lowland catchment of central France

Author: Evrard, O., Le Gall, Marion, Foucher, Anthony, Laceby, J. Patrick, Salvador-Blanes, Sébastien, Manière, Louis, Lefèvre, Irène, Cerdan, Olivier, Vandromme, Rosalie, Ayrault, Sophie, Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Géochimie Des Impacts (GEDI), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), GéoHydrosystèmes COntinentaux (GéHCO EA6293), Université de Tours, Alberta Environment and Parks (AEP), Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières (BRGM) (BRGM), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Tours (UT), and Evrard, Olivier
Subjects: [SDE] Environmental Sciences, [SDE.MCG] Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, [SDU.STU.GM] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geomorphology, [SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, [SDU.STU.HY] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Hydrology, [SDU.STU.GM]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geomorphology, [SDU.STU.HY]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Hydrology, [SDV.SA.SDS]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences/Soil study, [SDV.SA.SDS] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences/Soil study, [SDU.ENVI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces, environment, [SDU.ENVI] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces, environment
Abstract: International audience; Intensification of agriculture after WWII increased soil erosion and sediment supply to rivers in Northwestern Europe. The Louroux Pond catchment (25 km 2), located in the Loire River basin (central France), is representative of these intensively cultivated environments and subject to severe soil erosion and river siltation. This catchment was equipped with an extensive network of tile drains that were installed after 1945 to produce crops in this former wetland. In order to decrease the deleterious impacts induced by accelerated soil erosion in this region, there is a need to better understand sediment dynamics during flood events. To this end, natural fallout radionuclides were analysed in both sediment sources and suspended matter transiting the river network to quantify the respective proportions of recently eroded vs. resuspended material. Accordingly, 7Be and 210Pbxs concentrations were measured in overland flow and suspended sediment collected in the pond tributaries during a succession of floods that occurred during winter in 2013-2014 and in 2016. The results show that the mean fraction of recently eroded material transiting these rivers increased from 40 ± 20% to 80 ± 20 in 2013-2014, and from 65 ± 20% to 80 ± 20% in 2016. These results demonstrate an initial flush of sediment previously accumulated in the river channel during the first winter floods. Then, the fraction of sediment recently eroded from the hillslopes significantly increased during subsequent events. This research illustrates the added value of combining continuous river monitoring and fallout radionuclide analyses to improve our knowledge of sediment dynamics and to protect soil and water resources in these environments.
Published: 2017

10. La crise de l'eau

Author: Richter, Brian, Evrard, O., The Nature Conservancy, Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Géochimie Des Impacts (GEDI), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: [SDE]Environmental Sciences, [SDU.STU]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences, [SDU.STU.HY]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Hydrology
Abstract: International audience; La crise de l’eau affecte de nombreuses régions du monde. Cette réalité a un impact important sur les collectivités locales, les écosystèmes d’eau douce et, plus généralement, sur notre économie. Dans un style simple et direct, Brian Richter nous aide à comprendre que cette crise ne nous conduit pas forcément à la catastrophe. Il pose les bases de la gestion de l’eau et de son cycle et confronte les enjeux globaux et leur compréhension par des acteurs locaux. La crise de l’eau affecte de nombreuses régions du monde. Cette réalité a un impact important sur les collectivités locales, les écosystèmes d’eau douce et, plus généralement, sur notre économie.L’auteur, Brian Richter, nous aide à comprendre que cette crise ne nous conduit pas forcément à la catastrophe. Dans un style simple et direct, il pose les bases de la gestion de l’eau et de son cycle, et confronte les enjeux globaux et leur compréhension par des acteurs locaux. À travers des exemples concrets et de nombreuses anecdotes, l’auteur nous propose six outils pour limiter les pénuries ainsi que des suggestions détaillées pour que communautés locales, organisations publiques et compagnies privées puissent les éviter sur le long terme grâce à un plan pragmatique de gestion durable. D’un niveau scientifique très abordable, l’ouvrage fait figure de guide pratique discutant des grandes idées tout en restant focalisé sur un enjeu central : une meilleure gestion des ressources en eau.
Published: 2017

11. Investigating the temporal dynamics of suspended sediment during flood events with 7Be and 210Pbxs measurements in a drained lowland catchment

Author: Le Gall, Marion, Evrard, O., Foucher, Anthony, Laceby, J. Patrick, Salvador-Blanes, Sébastien, Manière, Louis, Lefevre, Irène, Cerdan, Olivier, Ayrault, Sophie, Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Géochimie Des Impacts (GEDI), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), GéoHydrosystèmes COntinentaux (GéHCO EA6293), Université de Tours (UT), Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières (BRGM) (BRGM), This work received financial support from the Loire-Brittany Water Agency (in the framework of the Tracksed and Drastic research projects)., AELB, Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Paris-Saclay-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Université de Tours
Subjects: GéoHydrosystèmes Continentaux (GéHCO), [SDU.STU]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences, [SDV.SA.SDS]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences/Soil study, Gif-sur-Yvette (France) 2 EA 6293, Panoply, Article, Tours (France) 3 Département Risques et Prévention, Faculté des Sciences et Techniques, Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, du CNRS, [SDU.STU.GM]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geomorphology, [SDU.STU.HY]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Hydrology, [SDU.ENVI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces, environment, Université F Rabelais de Tours, Orléans (France)
Abstract: International audience; Soil erosion is recognized as one of the main processes of land degradation in agricultural areas. High suspended sediment loads, often generated from eroding agricultural landscapes, are known to degrade downstream environments. Accordingly, there is a need to understand soil erosion dynamics during flood events. Suspended sediment was therefore sampled in the river network and at tile drain outlets during five flood events in a lowland drained catchment in France. Source and sediment fallout radionuclide concentrations (Be-7, Pb-210(xs)) were measured to quantify both the fraction of recently eroded particles transported during flood events and their residence time. Results indicate that the mean fraction of recently eroded sediment, estimated for the entire Louroux catchment, increased from 45 +/- 20% to 80 +/- 20% between December 2013 and February 2014, and from 65 +/- 20% to 80 +/- 20% in January 2016. These results demonstrate an initial flush of sediment previously accumulated in the river channel before the increasing supply of sediment recently eroded from the hillslopes during subsequent events. This research highlights the utility of coupling continuous river monitoring and fallout radionuclide measurements to increase our understanding of sediment dynamics and improve the management of soil and water resources in agricultural catchments.
Published: 2017
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12. Tracing Sediment Sources Using Mid-infrared Spectroscopy in Arvorezinha Catchment, Southern Brazil

Author: Tiecher, Tales, Caner, Laurent, Minella, Jean Paolo Gomes, Evrard, O., Mondamert, Leslie, Labanowski, Jérôme, Rheinheimer, Danilo dos Santos, Departamento de Solos [Santa Maria], Universidade Federal de Santa Maria = Federal University of Santa Maria [Santa Maria, RS, Brazil] (UFSM), Institut de Chimie des Milieux et Matériaux de Poitiers (IC2MP), Université de Poitiers-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Géochimie Des Impacts (GEDI), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Poitiers-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Université de Poitiers-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Dep. of Soils, Federal University of Santa Maria, Laboratoire Géomatériaux et Environnement (LGE), and Université Paris-Est Marne-la-Vallée (UPEM)
Subjects: sediment fingerprinting, soil erosion, suspended sediment, spectral properties, [SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, [CHIM.CATA]Chemical Sciences/Catalysis, [SDU.STU.GM]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geomorphology, [SDU.STU.HY]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Hydrology, [SDV.SA.SDS]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences/Soil study, [SDU.ENVI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces, environment, rapid and cost-efficient tracers
Abstract: International audience; The widespread adoption of the sediment fingerprinting approach to guide catchment management has been limited by the cost and the difficulty to prepare and process samples for geochemical and radionuclide analyses. Spectral properties have recently been shown to provide a rapid and cost‐efficient alternative for this purpose. The current research objective was (i) to quantify the sediment source contributions in a 1∙19‐km2 rural catchment of Southern Brazil by using mid‐infrared (MIR) spectroscopy and (ii) to compare these results with those obtained with geochemical approach and near‐infrared and ultraviolet–visible spectroscopy methods. The sediment sources to discriminate were cropland surface (n = 20), unpaved roads (n = 10) and stream channel banks (n = 10). Twenty‐nine suspended sediment samples were collected at the catchment outlet during nine significant flood events. The sources could be distinguished by MIR spectroscopy. Cropland and channel bank sources mainly differed in their clay mineral contents, but their similar organic matter content complicated the MIR‐model predictions. Unpaved road contributions were discriminated from the other sources by their lower organic carbon content. When the results of the current research based on MIR spectroscopy are compared with those obtained using other sediment fingerprinting approaches, based on geochemistry and near‐infrared and ultraviolet–visible spectroscopy, an overestimation of channel banks contribution and an underestimation of cropland and unpaved road contributions is found. These results suggest that MIR spectroscopy can provide a useful tool that is non‐destructive, rapid and cheap for tracing sediment sources in rural catchments and for guiding the implementation of soil and water conservation measures
Published: 2017
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13. Modelling the dilution of radioactive contamination in sediment transiting Fukushima coastal rivers (2011-2015)

Author: Evrard, O., Laceby, Patrick J., Onda, Yuichi, Wakiyama, Yoshifumi, Lefèvre, Irène, Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Géochimie Des Impacts (GEDI), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Tsukuba = University of Tsukuba, Institute of Environmental Radioactivity - Fukushima University (IER), Fukushima University [Fukushima, Japan], ANR-11-RSNR-0002,AMORAD,AMORAD1(2011), ANR-11-JAPN-0001,TOFU,Traçage des conséquences environnementales du tsunami provoqué par le séisme de TOhoku et de l'accident de FUkushima(2011), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), and Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)
Subjects: [SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, [SDU.STU.GM]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geomorphology, [SDU.STU.HY]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Hydrology, [SDV.SA.SDS]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences/Soil study, [SDU.ENVI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces, environment, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract: International audience
Published: 2016

14. Human-Landscape interaction in cultivated lowland catchments (Louroux catchment, Loire Valley, France)

Author: Cerdan, Olivier, Foucher, Anthony, Gay, Aurore, Evrard, O., Salvador-Blanes, Sébastien, Desmet, Marc, Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières (BRGM) (BRGM), GéoHydrosystèmes COntinentaux (GéHCO EA6293), Université de Tours (UT), Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Géochimie Des Impacts (GEDI), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Evrard, Olivier, Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Université de Tours
Subjects: [SDE] Environmental Sciences, [SDE.MCG] Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, [SDU.STU.GM] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geomorphology, [SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, [SDU.STU.HY] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Hydrology, [SDU.STU.GM]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geomorphology, [SDU.STU.HY]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Hydrology, [SDU.ENVI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces, environment, [SDU.ENVI] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces, environment
Abstract: International audience; Change of land use or agricultural practices are known to have high impacts on sediment transfer in catchments and rivers. Numerous studies have particularly illustrated these effects in sloping land in tropical areas undergoing deforestation. Much less attention has been paid to lowland humid areas, where permanent land uses have been plowed more recently. However recent studies reported significant erosion rates in these environments despite the gentle topography and the temperate climate. In order to quantify these changing fluxes of sediment, several instrumentation and historical database analyses were carried out in various catchments of the Loire Valley, France. More particularly, a multiparameter analysis was conducted on sedimentary deposits of a pond created in the 11th century in a catchment representative of cultivated and drained lowland environments where an intensification of agricultural practices has occurred during the last 60 years. The results showed that the initial land consolidation period (1954-1960) was characterized by a dominance of allochtonous material input to the pond. This input represents an erosion of 1900 to 2300 t.km-$^2$ .yr-1 originating from the catchment. Then, between 1970-1990, terrigenous material flow decreased progressively and tended to stabilize, whereas eutrophication and associated primary production increased in the pond. In addition to these temporal changes, material input across the pond during the last 10 years corresponds to a loss of material in the catchment ranging between 90 and 102 t.km-$^2$.yr-1. While a strong decrease is observed, it still represents a 60-fold increase of the sediment fluxes to the pond compared to the preintensification period. Subsequent research monitoring studies permitted to differentiate between the different sources of sediment and highlight the importance of surface erosion during flood events and of bank erosion during low flows. The increased export of the sediment is primarily due to the very high human-made connectivity of these landscapes that was originally created to evacuate the excess water during the humid seasons.
Published: 2015

15. Effects of land use and climate changes on small reservoir siltation in the agricultural belt of European Russia

Author: Belyaev, Vladimir, Golosov, Valentin, Markelov, Maxim, Ivanova, Nadezda, Shamshurina, Eugenia, Evrard, O., Lomonosov Moscow State University (MSU), Kazan (Volga region) Federal University, Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Géochimie Des Impacts (GEDI), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: European Russia, soil erosion, siltation, climate changes, [SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, microstratigraphy, deposition rates, small reservoirs, [SDV.SA.SDS]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences/Soil study, sediment delivery, agricultural land, 137Cs depth distribution, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, [SDU.STU.GM]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geomorphology, [SDU.STU.HY]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Hydrology, [SDU.ENVI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces, environment
Abstract: International audience; Small reservoirs of agriculture-dominated areas experience severely increased sediment input caused by soil erosion on cultivated slopes, also accompanied at some locations by gully erosion. This causes rapid decrease of the reservoir water storage and shortened periods of functioning. In this paper we discuss several examples of the 137Cs-based short-term siltation chronology of small reservoirs located in different landscape zones within the agricultural belt of European Russia. From two to four time marks could have been established in 137Cs depth distribution curves constructed from detailed depth-incremental sampling of reservoir infill sediment, allowing reconstruction of sediment microstratigraphy and deposition rates. In combination with other independent information sources this provides insight on the relative importance of recent land use changes and climatic variability in controlling sediment delivery within small agriculture-dominated fluvial systems. In combination with sediment redistribution studies, it has become possible to construct closed sediment budgets for catchments of several reservoirs and make a quantitative assessment of sediment delivery variability. Such information is important for appropriate design and management of small agricultural reservoirs in Russia.
Published: 2013

16. Post-accidental riverine dispersion of sediments contaminated by radionuclides: confrontation of lessons learnt from Chernobyl andFukushima case studies in catchments from Russia (1986-2009) and Japan (2011-2012)

Author: Evrard, O., Belyaev, Vladimir, Onda, Yuichi, Chartin, Caroline, Patin, Jérémy, Lefevre, Irène, Ayrault, Sophie, Ivanova, Nadezda, Bonte, Philippe, Golosov, Valentin, Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Géochimie Des Impacts (GEDI), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Lomonosov Moscow State University (MSU), Center for Research in Isotopes and Environmental Dynamics, Université de Tsukuba = University of Tsukuba, Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), and Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)
Subjects: [SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, [SDU.STU.GM]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geomorphology, [SDU.STU.HY]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Hydrology, [SDV.SA.SDS]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences/Soil study, [SDU.ENVI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces, environment
Abstract: International audience; Chernobyl (1986) and Fukushima (2011) nuclear power plant accidents led to the release of important quantitiesof radionuclides (e.g., Cs-134; Cs-137) into the environment, and to the formation of severe contaminationplumes (with initial Cs-137 activities exceeding typically 400 kBq m-2) on soils of the regions exposed to theradioactive fallout. This leads to important consequences for agriculture in strongly contaminated areas wherethe most affected fields should not be cultivated anymore during long periods of time, depending on the half lifeof the emitted radionuclides. Furthermore, sediment transfer in rivers can lead to the dispersion of radioactivecontamination into larger areas over time.In this paper, we propose a methodology to trace and model radioactive contamination in river catchmentsover the short (2 yrs) and the longer term (25 yr) after major nuclear power plant accidents. This methodology isestablished and confronted to two case studies.The most recent study was conducted in the coastal catchments of the Rivers Nitta, Mano and Ota (ca. 600km2) draining the main part of the radioactive pollution plume that deposited across Fukushima Prefecture. Threefield campaigns were conducted to sample riverbed sediment along those rivers after the summer typhoons and thespring snowmelt (i.e. in Nov 2011, April 2012 and Nov 2012). Based on their analysis in gamma spectrometry,we show the rapid dispersion of the inland contamination and its progressive export by coastal rivers to the PacificOcean. This is confirmed by measurements of the Ag-110m: Cs-137 ratio. Analysis of sediment sequences thataccumulated in reservoirs of the region provides additional information on the magnitude on sediment transfers inthose areas.This rapid dispersion of radioactive contamination in Japan is confronted to lessons learnt from a casestudy conducted in the Plava River catchment (ca. 2000 km2) located in the so-called “Plavsk contaminationhotspot”, in western Russia. We used the Landsoil expert-based erosion model, 137Cs inventory profiles andalluvial sediment core analyses to understand and quantify contaminated sediment transfer across the cultivatedcatchment since 1986. Our results show that soil redistribution in the fields was dominant, and that sedimenteroded from cropland mostly re-deposited in dry valleys during the heaviest storms. Overall, only 15 to 25% ofmaterial eroded from the hillslopes was delivered to the river valleys. Accumulation of contaminated sediment indry valley systems therefore constitutes a major problem 25 years after Chernobyl accident.In conclusion, we show how the experience acquired after the Chernobyl accident contributed to facilitatethe urgent analysis of sediment transfers across Fukushima Prefecture, where the possible measurement ofrelatively short-lived radionuclides (Ag-110m, Cs-134) provided a way to conduct a rapid quantitative assessmentof contaminated sediment sources and exports.
Published: 2013

17. Quantifying suspended sediment sources during flood events in headwater catchments using diffuse reflectance spectroscopy

Author: Cédric Legout, Jérôme Poulenard, Julien Némery, Navratil, O., Thomas Grangeon, Evrard, O., Michel Esteves, Laboratoire d'étude des transferts en hydrologie et environnement (LTHE), Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Grenoble (OSUG), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique de Grenoble (INPG)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Environnements, Dynamiques et Territoires de Montagne (EDYTEM), Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Géochimie Des Impacts (GEDI), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut National Polytechnique de Grenoble (INPG)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Grenoble (OSUG), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Environnements, Dynamiques et Territoires de la Montagne (EDYTEM), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), and Evrard, Olivier
Subjects: [SDE] Environmental Sciences, [SDU.STU.GM] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geomorphology, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, [SDU.STU.HY] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Hydrology, [SDU.STU.GM]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geomorphology, [SDU.STU.HY]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Hydrology, [SDV.SA.SDS]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences/Soil study, [SDV.SA.SDS] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences/Soil study, [SDU.ENVI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces, environment, [SDU.ENVI] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces, environment
Abstract: International audience; Increasing the understanding of the hydro-sedimentary dynamics at the catchment scale requires data on the origin of suspended sediments in addition to the classical measurements of suspended sediment concentrations and discharge. In mountainous environments the extremely high spatial and temporal variability of suspended sediment fluxes suggests that the proportions of suspended sediment sources transiting at outlets may also exhibit strong variations during flood events. However, conventional fingerprinting techniques based on geochemical and radionuclide measurements are time-consuming and rather expensive. They constitute a major limitation to conduct routine characterisation of the source of suspended sediment transiting at outlets that would require the analysis of a large number of samples. We investigated how visible or infrared diffuse reflectance spectroscopy coupled with partial least squares chemometrics techniques could be used to predict the proportion of source material in suspended sediment samples and how it could help understanding the hydro-sedimentary processes occurring during floods. The studied catchment is located in the southern French Alps, draining an area of 22-km$^2$. It is composed of black marls, limestones, molasses, undifferentiated deposits and gypsum. Forty-eight source material samples were collected in badlands areas and 328 suspended sediment samples were collected at the outlet during 23 flood events. Spectroscopic measurements were carried out on dried samples. Given that the erosion processes are particle size selective, five size fractions of source material were measured in order to assess the potential alteration of the signatures. As the biogeochemical processes occurring in the river such as iron oxidation could also affect the signatures, source materials that were immersed in the river for durations ranging from 1 day to 9 weeks were analysed. Finally, partial least-squares regression models were constructed on 81 artificial laboratory mixtures to predict the proportion of source material in suspended sediment samples. Both measurement techniques in the visible and infrared wavelengths discriminated the primary source materials but not the quaternary deposits. As the gypsum was not conservative, only the black marls, molasses and limestones were used in the fingerprinting procedure. The construction of the partial least-squares regression models with artificial mixtures led to a median prediction error of 1.1%. This error increased to 4.8%, 5.4% and 14.7%, respectively, when the models were applied to source samples with different immersion duration in the river, with different particle size and with different origins than those used in the artificial mixtures. Given those uncertainties, we found a general good agreement between results obtained with both techniques. Half of the 23 flood events analysed exhibited high temporal variations in the source proportions measured at the catchment outlet. This emphasizes the need to characterize the suspended sediment source routinely on all samples collected during flood events using automatic sequential samplers. The simultaneous analysis of the data set produced with this non-conventional fingerprinting method with the discharge-concentration time series as well as with rainfall radar data should provide new insights to improve our understanding of hydrosedimentary processes occurring at the flood event scale in small mountainous catchments.
Published: 2013

18. Assessing sediment connectivity to understand dynamics of contaminated sediment within coastal catchments of Fukushima Prefecture (Japan)

Author: Chartin, Caroline, Evrard, O., Onda, Yuichi, Ottle, Catherine, Brossoni, Camille, Lefevre, Irène, Lepage, Hugo, Bonté, Philippe, Patin, Jérémy, Ayrault, Sophie, Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Géochimie Des Impacts (GEDI), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Université de Tsukuba = University of Tsukuba, Modélisation des Surfaces et Interfaces Continentales (MOSAIC), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: [SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, [SDU.STU.GM]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geomorphology, [SDU.STU.HY]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Hydrology, [SDV.SA.SDS]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences/Soil study, [SDU.ENVI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces, environment
Abstract: International audience; The Fukushima Dai-ichi Nuclear Power Plant accident has led to the release of large radionuclide quantities (e.g., about 20 PBq of Cs-137 and 200 PBq of I-131) into the atmosphere. About 80% of the release was blown out and over the Pacific Ocean. The remaining 20% of emissions were deposited as wet and dry deposits on soils of Fukushima Prefecture, mainly between 15-16 March. As most radionuclides are strongly sorbed by fine particles, they are likely to be redistributed within the landscape in association with soil and sediment particles transported by runoff and erosion processes. A spatial analysis of Ag-110m:Cs-137 ratio in soils and river sediments provided a way to trace those transfers. This fingerprinting study showed that particles eroded from inland mountain ranges exposed to the highest initial radionuclide fallout were already dispersed along coastal rivers, most likely during summer typhoons and spring snowmelt. Those results suggest that hillslopes and rivers have become a perennial source of radioactive contaminants to the Pacific Ocean off Fukushima Prefecture. This study aims to specify the location and nature of the preferential sources supplying contaminated material to the main rivers draining the Fukushima contamination plume. To this end, important parameters controlling soil erosion and sediment transfers within catchments, i.e. landscape morphology and land use characteristics, were preliminary derived from DEM data and satellite images for the River Mano, Nitta and Ota catchments (ca. 525 km$^2$) draining the most radioactive part of the contamination plume that formed across Fukushima Prefecture. Then, those data were used to compute indices assessing the potential sediment connectivity (i) between hillslopes and rivers and (ii) between hillslopes and catchment outlets. Finally, spatially-distributed values of connectivity indices were confronted to gamma-emitting radionuclide activities (Cs-134, Cs-137 and Ag-110m) measured in riverbed sediment samples collected in November 2011, March 2012 and November 2012 just after the main hydro-sedimentary events that occurred in this region (i.e. summer typhoon and spring snowmelt). Preliminary results show that preferential contamination sources come from areas located near the river valleys, especially cultivated and built-up areas. However, forested zones even located on footslopes and convex settings appear to contribute significantly. Moreover, dams played a crucial role in controlling the contamination export to the Pacific Ocean. Those first results have important implications for the management of contaminated areas and dam reservoirs in the Fukushima Prefecture.
Published: 2013

19. Using Chernobyl-derived $^{137}$Cs to document recent sediment deposition rates on the River Plava floodplain (Central European Russia)

Author: Belyaev V., Golosov V., Markelov M., Evrard O., Ivanova N., Paramonova T., Shamshurina E., Lomonosov Moscow State University (MSU), Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Géochimie Des Impacts (GEDI), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Chernobyl-derived 137Cs, European Russia, Small rivers, [SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, Floodplain development, [SDU.STU.GM]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geomorphology, [SDU.STU.HY]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Hydrology, [SDU.ENVI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces, environment, Overbank sedimentation
Abstract: International audience; Floodplain sedimentation is one of the most dynamic geomorphic processes within plain and lowland landscapes. There is generally a good understanding of longer term floodplain evolution, but quantitative information on overbank deposition rates for recent shorter timescales is lacking. This paper describes the application of Chernobyl-derived $^{137}$Cs to quantify floodplain aggradation rates for the River Plava (a small river draining a severely contaminated part of the upland region of Central European Russia), based on detailed sampling of four representative floodplain study sites. Two approaches have been employed for estimating post-Chernobyl (1986–2009) floodplain accumulation rates. The first was based simply on locating the Chernobyl fallout-associated $^{137}$Cs peak in overbank sediment sections. The second involved quantification of the increase in the total $^{137}$Cs inventory at individual sampling points associated with the post-Chernobyl deposition of contaminated suspended sediment. It has been shown that considerable local-scale variability of overbank deposition rates exists, with aggradation rates on the low level floodplain(6+/-1.2–14+/-2.8 mm year$^{1}$) exceeding by 1.5–3 times the values for the middle level floodplain (2+/-0.4–9+/-1.8 mm year$^{1}$) and by 3–6 times the values for the upper level floodplain (1+/-0.2–5+/-1.0 mm year$^{1}$) floodplain levels. Combining these estimates with information on the areas occupied by different floodplain levelswithin the 54 km long valley section, derived from detailed geomorphic surveys of the selected reaches, it has been estimated that about 97001950 t of sediment have been stored on floodplain during the 1986–2009 period. The role of floodplain storage in the overall basin sediment budget and conveyance losses within the main channel system have been evaluated.
Published: 2013
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20. Quantifying the origin of different sediment types in a catchment of the Southern French Alps by combining hydro-sedimentary records and fingerprinting

Author: Evrard, O., Navratil, O., Ayrault, S, Esteves, M., Legout, C., Nemery, J., Lefevre, I., Bonte, P., Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Géochimie Des Impacts (GEDI), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Environnement, Ville, Société (EVS), École normale supérieure de Lyon (ENS de Lyon)-École des Mines de Saint-Étienne (Mines Saint-Étienne MSE), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Université Lumière - Lyon 2 (UL2)-Université Jean Moulin - Lyon 3 (UJML), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Lyon (INSA Lyon), Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Étienne (UJM)-École Nationale des Travaux Publics de l'État (ENTPE)-École nationale supérieure d'architecture de Lyon (ENSAL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Erosion torrentielle neige et avalanches (UR ETGR (ETNA)), Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA), Laboratoire d'étude des transferts en hydrologie et environnement (LTHE), Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Grenoble (OSUG), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique de Grenoble (INPG)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), EGU, ANR-06-BLAN-0379,STREAMS,Sediment Transport and Erosion Across Mountains(2006), Université Paris-Saclay-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Environnement Ville Société (EVS), École normale supérieure - Lyon (ENS Lyon)-Université Lumière - Lyon 2 (UL2)-Université Jean Moulin - Lyon 3 (UJML), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Université Jean Monnet [Saint-Étienne] (UJM)-École Nationale des Travaux Publics de l'État (ENTPE)-École des Mines de Saint-Étienne (Mines Saint-Étienne MSE), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-École nationale supérieure d'architecture de Lyon (ENSAL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Lyon (INSA Lyon), Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique de Grenoble (INPG)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Grenoble (OSUG), Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Lyon (INSA Lyon), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Lyon-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École nationale supérieure d'architecture de Lyon (ENSAL)-École des Mines de Saint-Étienne (Mines Saint-Étienne MSE), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-École Nationale des Travaux Publics de l'État (ENTPE)-Université Jean Monnet [Saint-Étienne] (UJM)-Université Jean Moulin - Lyon 3 (UJML), Université de Lyon-Université Lumière - Lyon 2 (UL2)-École normale supérieure - Lyon (ENS Lyon), Institut National Polytechnique de Grenoble (INPG)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Grenoble (OSUG), and Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Southern French Alps, fingerprinting, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, origin of different sediment types, [SDU.STU.GM]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geomorphology, catchment, [SDU.STU.HY]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Hydrology, [SDV.SA.SDS]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences/Soil study, [SDU.ENVI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces, environment, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, [SHS]Humanities and Social Sciences, hydro-sedimentary records
Abstract: International audience
Published: 2013

21. Quantification of the sediment budget of a river basin, based on reconstruction of the post-fallout redistribution of Chernobyl particle-bound 137Cs

Author: Belyaev, V., Shamshurina, E., Markelov, M., Golosov, V., Ivanova, N., Bondarev, V., Paramonova, T., Evrard, O., Catherine OTTLE, Lefèvre, I., Bonté, P., Lomonosov Moscow State University (MSU), Kazan Federal University (KFU), Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Géochimie Des Impacts (GEDI), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Modélisation des Surfaces et Interfaces Continentales (MOSAIC), CNRS (France) and the RFBR (Russia) in the framework of their joint international research programme (CNRS-RFBR project 09-05-91057)., Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Fluvial system, sediment sources and sinks, 137Cs, [SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, Central European Russia, fluvial system, Sediment sources and sinks, [SDV.SA.SDS]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences/Soil study, Sediment budget, $^{137}$Cs, Human-accelerated soil erosion, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, human-accelerated soil erosion, [SDU.STU.GM]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geomorphology, [SDU.STU.HY]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Hydrology, [SDU.ENVI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces, environment, sediment budget
Abstract: International audience; Quantitative assessment of the sediment budget of a fluvial system is a key approach to understanding its geomorphic behaviour and an essential tool for investigating the redistribution of particle-bound contaminants along the sediment cascade. Here, we present a study involving the application of several independent approaches for quantifying the post-fallout (1986-2009) redistribution of Chernobyl particle-bound $^{137}$Cs and the basin-scale sediment budget for the River Plava basin situated in the northern part of the Srednerusskaya Upland (Central European Russia). The techniques employed include $^{137}$Cs-based sediment tracing, two soil erosion models and the analysis of soil profile morphology. The results show that most of the sediment originating from human-accelerated soil erosion on cultivated slopes is redeposited on the uncultivated lower parts of the slopes or in the bottoms of infilled gullies, hollows and 1-3rd order valleys. The River Plava valley itself represents a system dominated by efficient transport, with very limited floodplain sediment storage. The $^{137}$Cs-contaminated sediment export from the River Plava basin outlet exerts a significant impact on the River Upa. Its floodplain sediment contamination by $^{137}$Cs downstream of the River Plava mouth increases by almost an order of magnitude.
Published: 2012

22. Core-derived historical records of suspended sediment origin in a mesoscale mountainous catchment: the Bléone River French Alpas

Author: Navratil, O., Evrard, O., Esteves, Michel, Ayrault, Sophie, Lefevre, Irene, Legout, Cédric, Reyss, Jean-Louis, Gratiot, Nicolas, Nemery, Julien, Mathys, Nicolle, Poirel, Alain, Bonté, Philippe, Erosion torrentielle neige et avalanches (UR ETGR (ETNA)), Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA), Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Laboratoire d'étude des transferts en hydrologie et environnement (LTHE), Institut National Polytechnique de Grenoble (INPG)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Grenoble (OSUG), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Océan et Interfaces (OCEANIS), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Electricité de France - Division Technique Générale (EDF DTG), ANR-06-BLAN-0379,STREAMS,Sediment Transport and Erosion Across Mountains(2006), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Grenoble (OSUG), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique de Grenoble (INPG)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Paris-Saclay-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique de Grenoble (INPG)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Grenoble (OSUG), Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), Laboratoire d'Etude des Transferts en Hydrologie et Environnement, and Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)
Subjects: mesoscale mountainous catchment, [SDU.STU.ME]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Meteorology, [SHS]Humanities and Social Sciences, Sediment core, Geochemistry, Braided river, Erosion, Radionuclide, Bléone River, suspended sediment origin, [SDU.STU.GM]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geomorphology, historical records, [SDU.STU.HY]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Hydrology, French Alps, [SDU.ENVI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces, environment, Sediment fingerprinting, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract: International audience
Published: 2012

23. Tracing sediment sources in a tropical highland catchment of central Mexico by using conventional and alternative fingerprinting methodsTracing sediment sources in a tropical

Author: Evrard, O., Poulenard, Jérôme, Nemery, Julien, Ayrault, Sophie, Gratiot, Nicolas, Duvert, Clément, Prat, Christian, Lefèvre, Irène, Bonté, Philippe, Esteves, Michel, Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Université Paris-Saclay-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Environnements, Dynamiques et Territoires de la Montagne (EDYTEM), Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire d'étude des transferts en hydrologie et environnement (LTHE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique de Grenoble (INPG)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Grenoble (OSUG), Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Géochimie Des Impacts (GEDI), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry]), Institut National Polytechnique de Grenoble (INPG)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Grenoble (OSUG), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), ANR-06-BLAN-0379,STREAMS,Sediment Transport and Erosion Across Mountains(2006), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Environnements, Dynamiques et Territoires de Montagne (EDYTEM), Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Grenoble (OSUG), and Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique de Grenoble (INPG)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: fingerprinting, sediment, [SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, soil types, [SDU.STU.GM]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geomorphology, tropical catchment, [SDU.STU.HY]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Hydrology, [SDV.SA.SDS]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences/Soil study, [SDU.ENVI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces, environment, Mexico, Panoply
Abstract: International audience; Land degradation is intense in tropical regions where it causes for instance a decline in soil fertility and reservoir siltation. Two fingerprinting approaches (i.e. the conventional approach based on radionuclide and geochemical concentrations and the alternative diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy method) were conducted independently to outline the sources delivering sediment to the river network draining into the Cointzio reservoir, in Mexican tropical highlands. This study was conducted between May and October in 2009 in subcatchments representative of the different environments supplying sediment to the river network. Overall, Cointzio catchment is characterized by very altered soils and the dominance of Andisols and Acrisols. Both fingerprinting methods provided very similar results regarding the origin of sediment in Huertitas subcatchment (dominated by Acrisols) where the bulk of sediment was supplied by gullies. In contrast, in La Cortina subcatchment dominated by Andisols, the bulk of sediment was supplied by cropland. Sediment originating from Potrerillos subcatchment characterized by a mix of Acrisols and Andisols was supplied in variable proportions by both gullies and rangeland/cropland. In this latter subcatchment, results provided by both fingerprinting methods were very variable. Our results outline the need to take the organic carbon content of soils into account and the difficulty to use geochemical properties to fingerprint sediment in very altered volcanic catchments. However, combining our fingerprinting results with sediment export data provided a way of prioritizing the implementation of erosion control measures to mitigate sediment supply to the Cointzio reservoir supplying drinking water to Morelia city. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Published: 2012
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24. Modelling runoff and erosion in an ungauged cultivated catchment of Western Russia strongly contaminated by Chernobyl fallout

Author: Evrard, O., Ottlé, C., Lio Soon Shun, Nicolas, Belyaev, V, Markelov, M., Ivanova, N., Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Géochimie Des Impacts (GEDI), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Modélisation des Surfaces et Interfaces Continentales (MOSAIC), Lomonosov Moscow State University (MSU), PICS CNRS France-Russie, Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: [SDE]Environmental Sciences, [SDU.STU.GM]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geomorphology, [SDU.STU.HY]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Hydrology, [SDV.SA.SDS]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences/Soil study, [SDU.ENVI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces, environment
Abstract: International audience; Soil erosion is a major environmental problem in agricultural regions of Europe, where it leads to both on-site and off-site impacts. Sediment is also a preferential vector of contaminants, such as metals and radionuclides. The Chernobyl power plant accident that occurred on 26 April 1986 led to a particularly strong contamination of soils in Cs-137 (half life of 30 years) in several European regions, and particularly in the so-called "Plavsk contamination hostpot" located in Western Russia. Concentration of radioisotopes in sediment accumulated in the river valleys of this region constitutes a major potential threat for public health. The Lokna river drains a 182 km² strongly contaminated and ungauged cultivated catchment. We used a runoff and erosion model to understand and quantify sediment transfer across the cultivated landscape of this catchment after 1986. LANDSOIL is an event-based and spatially distributed model that requires several input data regarding land cover, farming practices and rainfall. Soil and vegetation characteristics were derived from Landsat imagery, and we used a World View image to extract tillage directions within the catchment. Rainfall scenarios were reconstructed by combining local and regional available data. Model simulations show the dominance of tillage erosion in this catchment. Significant water erosion only occurs after heavy storms. To validate the model outputs, we propose to combine results from a USLE-based model, Cs-137 inventories and sediment fingerprinting. Overall, we show the useful contribution of remote sensing data to model erosion in regions characterized by the lack of GIS databases and monitoring networks.
Published: 2011

25. Combining river monitoring and sediment fingerprinting to quantify spatial and temporal dynamics of fine sediment in mountainous catchments of the French Alps and the Mexican Central Highlands

Author: Evrard, O., Navratil, O., Némery, J., Legout, C., Gratiot, N., Duvert, C., Lefèvre, I., Ayrault, S., Prat, C., Poulenard, J., Bonté, P., Esteves, M., Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Géochimie Des Impacts (GEDI), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Érosion torrentielle, neige et avalanches (UR ETGR (ETNA)), Centre national du machinisme agricole, du génie rural, des eaux et forêts (CEMAGREF), Laboratoire d'étude des transferts en hydrologie et environnement (LTHE), Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Grenoble (OSUG), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique de Grenoble (INPG)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Environnements, Dynamiques et Territoires de Montagne (EDYTEM), Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Institut National Polytechnique de Grenoble (INPG)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Grenoble (OSUG), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Environnements, Dynamiques et Territoires de la Montagne (EDYTEM)
Subjects: [SDE]Environmental Sciences, [SDU.STU.GM]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geomorphology, [SDU.STU.HY]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Hydrology, [SDV.SA.SDS]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences/Soil study, [SDU.ENVI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces, environment
Abstract: International audience; An excess supply of fine sediment to rivers leads to numerous environmental problems, such as an increase in water turbidity and a rapid filling of reservoirs. Fine sediment is also an important conveyor of contaminants and nutrients. Spatial and temporal dynamics of sediment transfer need to be better understood to implement efficient control measures. We determined the spatial origin of sediment between 2007 and 2009 in two mountainous river catchments (600-1000 km 2) by combining river flow records and geochemical / radionuclide concentrations as potential input properties to a Monte Carlo mixing model. Results on the main sources of sediment have important management implications in both catchments. In Mexico, we showed a variable sediment supply by historical gully networks and cropland during the rainy season. In the French Alps, we showed that the contribution of black marls that locally produce severe erosion was not systematically dominant at the entire catchment scale. Furthermore, we measured the transfer times of sediment in rivers using a radionuclide two-box balance model and the Be-7/excess-Pb-210 ratio. In Mexico, we outlined the major role played by the flood type on sediment remobilisation and export. In the French Alps, 80% of sediment were exported by low-intensity widespread rainfall and were mainly composed of "old" material that deposited on the riverbed during previous floods and that was subsequently remobilised. In future, we aim to further increase the temporal frequency of sediment sampling to characterize intra-flood variations and to combine 'conventional' fingerprinting techniques with low-cost infrared spectroscopy measurements.
Published: 2011

26. Combining suspended sediment monitoring and fingerprinting to determine the spatial origin of fine sediment in a mountainous river catchment

Author: Evrard, O., Navratil, Oldrich, Ayrault, S., Ahmadi, M., Nemery, Julien, Legout, C., Lefevre, I., Poirel, A., Bonte, P., Esteves, Michel, Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Université Paris-Saclay-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Erosion torrentielle neige et avalanches (UR ETGR (ETNA)), Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA), Laboratoire d'étude des transferts en hydrologie et environnement (LTHE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique de Grenoble (INPG)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Grenoble (OSUG), Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), RIVER, Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique de Grenoble (INPG)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Grenoble (OSUG), DTG - Electricité de France, EDF (EDF), STREAMS projet, Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Géochimie Des Impacts (GEDI), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Institut National Polytechnique de Grenoble (INPG)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Grenoble (OSUG), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Érosion torrentielle, neige et avalanches (UR ETGR (ETNA)), Centre national du machinisme agricole, du génie rural, des eaux et forêts (CEMAGREF), ANR-06-BLAN-0379,STREAMS,Sediment Transport and Erosion Across Mountains(2006), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Grenoble (OSUG), and Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique de Grenoble (INPG)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: sediment fingerprinting, Monte Carlo mixing model, [SDU.STU.GC]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geochemistry, river, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, elemental geochemistry, [SDU.STU.GM]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geomorphology, [SDU.STU.HY]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Hydrology, [SDU.ENVI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces, environment, suspended sediment yield, mountain erosion, radionuclides
Abstract: [Departement_IRSTEA]Eaux [TR1_IRSTEA]RIVAGE; International audience; An excess of fine sediment (grain size
Published: 2011
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27. Sediment dynamics in tropical highland catchments of central Mexico using fallout radionuclides

Author: Evrard, O., Némery, Julien, Gratiot, Nicolas, Duvert, Clément, Lefèvre, Irène, Ayrault, Sophie, Esteves, Michel, Bonté, Philippe, Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Géochimie Des Impacts (GEDI), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Laboratoire d'étude des transferts en hydrologie et environnement (LTHE), Institut National Polytechnique de Grenoble (INPG)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Grenoble (OSUG), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), ANR-06-BLAN-0379,STREAMS,Sediment Transport and Erosion Across Mountains(2006), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Grenoble (OSUG), and Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique de Grenoble (INPG)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: [SDE]Environmental Sciences, [SDU.STU.GM]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geomorphology, [SDU.STU.HY]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Hydrology, [SDV.SA.SDS]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences/Soil study, [SDU.ENVI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces, environment
Abstract: International audience; Tropical regions are affected by intense soil erosion. This land degradation leads to important on-site (e.g. decrease in soil fertility) and off-site (e.g. reservoir siltation, water pollution) impacts. This study determined the mean soil particle and sediment residence times in soils and rivers of three catchments (3 – 12 km2) with contrasted land uses (i.e. cropland, forests, rangelands) located in highlands of the transvolcanic Mexican belt. Calculations were based on rainfall amount and river discharges as well as on fallout radionuclide measurements (Be-7, Cs-137, Pb-210) conducted on rainfall precipitated samples, soil sampled in the catchments and suspended sediment collected by automatic samplers in the river during most storms recorded all throughout the 2009 rainy season. Calculations using a radionuclide two-box balance model showed that the mean residence time of sediment in soils ranged between 5,000 (± 1,500) – 23,300 (± 7,000) years. In contrast, sediment residence time in rivers was much shorter, fluctuating between 50 (± 30) and 200 (± 70) days. The shortest mean residence times were measured in a hilly catchment dominated by cropland and rangelands, whereas they were the longest in an undulating catchment dominated by forests and cropland. Calculation of the Be-7/excess-Pb-210 in both rainfall and sediment allowed gaining insight on sediment dynamics throughout the rainy season. The first heavy storms of the year exported the bulk of the sediment stock accumulated in the river channel during the previous year. Our results show the priority of stabilising old gully systems and to concentrate the implementation of on-site erosion control measures in cropland and rangeland of the most reactive catchments.
Published: 2010

28. Estimation of erosion and sediment export from an agricultural catchment (1960 – 2000) confronting the outputs of an expert-based model and Cs-137 inventories

Author: Evrard, O., Nord, Guillaume, Cerdan, Olivier, Souchere, Veronique, Le Bissonnais, Yves, Bonté, Philippe, Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Université Paris-Saclay-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDAEA), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Spain] (CSIC), Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières (BRGM) (BRGM), Sciences pour l'Action et le Développement : Activités, Produits, Territoires (SADAPT), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-AgroParisTech, Laboratoire d'étude des Interactions Sol - Agrosystème - Hydrosystème (UMR LISAH), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [ Madagascar])-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Géochimie Des Impacts (GEDI), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Madrid] (CSIC), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [ Madagascar])-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), AgroParisTech-Université Paris-Saclay-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), and AgroParisTech-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)
Subjects: normandie, sédiment, remembrement, Geography, [SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, utilisation du territoire, HYDROLOGIE, érosion, [SHS.GEO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Geography, [SDV.SA.SDS]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences/Soil study, modèle, spatialisation, bassin versant, environnement, [SDU]Sciences of the Universe [physics], [SDE]Environmental Sciences, [SDU.STU.GM]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geomorphology, [SDU.STU.HY]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Hydrology, [SDU.ENVI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces, environment, europe, eau de ruissellement, saison, Géographie, france
Abstract: International audience; Soil erosion leads to important environmental problems (e.g. muddy floods, reservoir sedimentation) in cultivated areas of the European loess belt. This study aimed to quantify erosion and to determine the impact of rainfall seasonality and land use change on soil erosion over the last 40 years in a 94-ha cultivated catchment of Nor-mandy (France). To this end, scenarios representative of the different land use conditions were simulated using the STREAM expert-based erosion model. A 13-yrs long sequence of rainfall events was run with this model. Results showed that erosion increased dramatically after land consolidation (+168% on average). Interannual variability of erosion is important. After land consolidation, 79% of erosion was observed in summer and autumn, even though these seasons only accounted for 58% of annual rainfall kinetic energy. The bulk of erosion was hence produced by a few intense thunderstorms during this period. Thunderstorms correspond to 5% of rainfall events, but they generate 51% of total annual erosion after land consolidation (and up to 57% of erosion before land consolidation). Confrontation of the model outputs with the erosion rates derived from Cs-137 measurements suggested that soil redistribution within the catchment was very high but that sediment exports from the catchment remained limited (sediment delivery ratio between 1-10%). Erosion rates derived from Cs-137 measurements showed an important and organised spatial variability, but erosion rates integrated over larger areas remained in the same order of magnitude than those simulated by the model or were slightly higher. Water erosion would hence not be the only process generating erosion within this catchment. In this context, tillage erosion cannot be neglected to calculate the sediment budget over several decades. These findings show the necessity to simulate sequences of rainfall events to obtain reliable erosion predictions. They also demonstrate the interest of developping expert-based models simulating both water and tillage erosion at the catchment scale to conduct erosion studies over several decades.
Published: 2010

29. Spatial and temporal dynamics of sediment in contrasted mountainous watersheds (Mexican transverse volcanic axis and French Southern Alps) combining river gauging, elemental geochemistry and fallout radionuclides

Author: Evrard, O., Navratil, O., Gratiot, Nicolas, Némery, Julien, Duvert, Clément, Ayrault, Sophie, Lefèvre, Irène, Esteves, Michel, Bonté, Philippe, Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Géochimie Des Impacts (GEDI), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire d'étude des transferts en hydrologie et environnement (LTHE), Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Grenoble (OSUG), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique de Grenoble (INPG)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), ANR-06-BLAN-0379,STREAMS,Sediment Transport and Erosion Across Mountains(2006), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Institut National Polytechnique de Grenoble (INPG)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Grenoble (OSUG), and Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: [SDU.STU.GC]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geochemistry, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, [SDU.STU.GM]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geomorphology, [SDU.STU.HY]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Hydrology, [SDV.SA.SDS]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences/Soil study, [SDU.ENVI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces, environment
Abstract: International audience; In mountainous environments, an excessive sediment supply to the rivers typically leads to an increase in water turbidity, pollution and a rapid filling of reservoirs. This situation is particularly problematic in regions where reservoirs are used to provide drinking water to large cities (e.g. in central Mexico) or where stream water is used to run hydroelectric power plants (e.g. in the French Southern Alps). Sediment source areas need first to be delineated and sediment fluxes between hillslopes and the river system must be better understood to implement efficient erosion control measures. In this context, the STREAMS (« Sediment Transport and Erosion Across MountainS ») project funded by the French National Research Agency (ANR) aims at understanding the spatial and temporal dynamics of sediment at the scale of mountainous watersheds (between 500 – 1000 km2) located in contrasted environments. This 4-years study is carried out simultaneously in a volcanic watershed located in the Mexican transverse volcanic axis undergoing a sub-humid tropical climate, as well as in a sedimentary watershed of the French Southern Alps undergoing a transitional climate with Mediterranean and continental influences. One of the main specificities of this project consists in combining traditional monitoring techniques (i.e. installation of river gauges and sediment samplers in several sub-catchments) and sediment fingerprinting using elemental geochemistry (measured by Instrumental Neutron Activation Analysis – INAA – and Inductively Coupled Plasma - Mass Spectrometry – ICP-MS) and fallout radionuclides (measured by gamma spectrometry). In the French watershed, geochemical analysis allows outlining different sediment sources (e.g. the contribution of calcareous vs. marl-covered sub-catchments). Radionuclide ratios (e.g. Cs-137/Be-7) allow identifying the dominant erosion processes occurring within the watershed. Areas mostly affected by gully erosion, rill or sheet erosion have been delineated. Furthermore, the measurement of radionuclide content in suspended sediment after the snowmelt suggests that most of this sediment consists in resuspended material rather than on newly eroded soil. In the Mexican watershed, a different contribution of andosols and acrisols to erosion is suspected. Overall, the bulk of erosion is generated by rather small areas of the watershed. In this region characterised by a succession of wet and dry seasons, the Be-7 content in rainfall and sediment has been measured at the scale of a 2.5-km2 sub-watershed in order to better understand the erosion transfer between hillslopes and rivers during the wet season. This outlines the contribution of individual storms to seasonal erosion. Overall, this study brings important insights about sediment sources and fluxes within these watersheds located in contrasted environments. A further step consists in comparing experimental results with model outputs, and to evaluate the impact of on-going erosion mitigation measures.
Published: 2009

30. Les inondations boueuses dans la région limoneuse belge: Problèmes et solutions

Author: Evrard, O., Université Catholique de Louvain = Catholic University of Louvain (UCL), Fonds pour la formation à la Recherche dans l'Industrie et l'Agriculture (FRIA), Fonds national de la recherche scientifique, Université catholique de Louvain, Bas van Wesemael, Charles L. Bielders, UCL - SC/GEO - Département de géologie et de géographie, van Wesemael, Bas, Bielders, Charles, Lambin, Eric, Vandaele, Karel, Vanacker, Veerle, and Cerdan, Olivier
Subjects: Production sédimentaire, Modélisation hydrologique, Inondations boueuses, Contrôle du ruissellement, [SDU.STU]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences, Runoff control, [SDV.SA.SDS]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences/Soil study, Catchment, Ceinture loessique belge, Muddy floods, Belgian loess belt, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Hydrological modelling, Bassin-versant, [SDU.STU.GM]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geomorphology, [SDU.STU.HY]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Hydrology, [SDU.ENVI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces, environment, Sediment delivery, Coulées de boue
Abstract: The first part of this thesis aims at defining the conditions triggering muddy floods in the Belgian loess belt. On average, each municipality is confronted with 3.6 muddy floods each year. Annual costs associated with their off-site impacts are estimated at € 16-172 millions for the entire Belgian loess belt. A topographic threshold is derived to predict the source areas of muddy floods. Furthermore, the storms required to produce a flood are, on average, smaller in May and June (25 mm) than between July and September (46 mm). This difference is explained by the variability of soil surface characteristics that determine the runoff potential of cultivated soils (soil cover by crops and residues, soil surface crusting and roughness). Steady state infiltration rates of cropland and grassed areas were characterised in the field using a 0.5 m2-portable rainfall simulator. Overall, grassed areas have a lower infiltration rate (16-23 mm h-1) than croplands (25-52 mm h-1). Muddy floods are mostly observed between May-September because of the coincidence of critical soil surface conditions for runoff generation with the most erosive storms. After an adaptation of its decision rules to the local conditions, the STREAM expert-based model provides satisfactory runoff/erosion predictions at the catchment scale. The second part of the thesis aims at evaluating the effectiveness of measures to control muddy floods. A modelling case-study showed that peak discharge was reduced by more than 40% by installing a grassed waterway and a dam at the outlet of a 300 ha-catchment. Monitoring the same catchment (2002-2007) demonstrated that the grassed waterway as well as three dams prevented any muddy flood in the downstream village despite the occurrence of several extreme storms (with a maximum return period of 150 years). Peak discharge was reduced by 69%. Specific sediment yield dropped from 3.5 t ha-1 yr-1 to a mean of 0.5 t ha-1 yr-1 after the installation of the control measures, thereby reducing drastically sediment transfer to the alluvial plain. Finally, a methodology is provided to implement grassed waterways and earthen dams in other dry valleys in the Belgian loess belt and comparable environments.; La première partie de cette thèse vise à définir les conditions déclenchant les inondations boueuses dans la ceinture lœssique belge. En moyenne, chaque municipalité est confrontée à 3,6 inondations boueuses chaque année. Les coûts annuels associés à leurs impacts sont estimés à 16-172 millions d'euros pour l'ensemble de la ceinture lœssique. Un seuil topographique est calculé pour prévoir les zones sources des inondations boueuses. En outre, les pluies nécessaires pour produire une inondation sont, en moyenne, plus faibles en mai et juin (25 mm) qu'entre juillet et septembre (46 mm). Cette différence s'explique par la variabilité des caractéristiques de la surface des sols qui déterminent le potentiel de ruissellement des sols cultivés (couverture du sol par les cultures et les résidus, encroûtement et rugosité de la surface du sol). Les taux d'infiltration des terres cultivées et des zones enherbées ont été caractérisés sur le terrain à l'aide d'un simulateur de pluie portable de 0,5 m2. Dans l'ensemble, les zones enherbées ont un taux d'infiltration plus faible (16-23 mm h-1) que les terres cultivées (25-52 mm h-1). Les inondations boueuses sont surtout observées entre mai et septembre en raison de la coïncidence des conditions critiques de la surface du sol pour la production de ruissellement et de l'occurrence des pluies les plus érosives. Après une adaptation de ses règles de décision aux conditions locales, le modèle STREAM fournit des prévisions satisfaisantes de ruissellement et d'érosion à l'échelle du bassin versant. La deuxième partie de la thèse vise à évaluer l'efficacité des mesures de contrôle des inondations boueuses. Une étude de cas de modélisation a montré que le débit de pointe a été réduit de plus de 40% en installant un chenal enherbé et un barrage à l'exutoire d'un bassin versant de 300 ha. Le suivi hydro-sédimentaire du même bassin versant (2002-2007) a permis de démontrer que le chenal enherbé ainsi que trois barrages ont empêché toute inondation boueuse dans le village en aval malgré l'occurrence de plusieurs événements de pluie extrêmes (avec une période de retour maximale de 150 ans). Le débit de pointe a été réduit de 69 %. De plus, le taux de production de sédiments est passé de 3,5 t ha-1 an-1 à une moyenne de 0,5 t ha-1 an-1 après l'installation des mesures de contrôle, réduisant ainsi considérablement le transfert de sédiments vers la plaine alluviale. Enfin, une méthodologie est fournie pour mettre en place des chenaux enherbés et des digues dans d'autres vallées sèches de la ceinture lœssique belge et dans des environnements similaires.
Published: 2008

31. Modderoverlast in de Belgische Leemstreek: Problemen en oplossingen

Author: Evrard, O., Université Catholique de Louvain = Catholic University of Louvain (UCL), Fonds pour la formation à la Recherche dans l'Industrie et l'Agriculture (FRIA), Fonds national de la recherche scientifique, Université catholique de Louvain, Bas van Wesemael, and Charles L. Bielders
Subjects: Production sédimentaire, Modélisation hydrologique, Inondations boueuses, Contrôle du ruissellement, [SDU.STU]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences, Runoff control, [SDV.SA.SDS]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences/Soil study, Catchment, Ceinture loessique belge, Muddy floods, Belgian loess belt, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Hydrological modelling, Bassin-versant, [SDU.STU.GM]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geomorphology, [SDU.STU.HY]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Hydrology, [SDU.ENVI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces, environment, Sediment delivery, Coulées de boue
Abstract: The first part of this thesis aims at defining the conditions triggering muddy floods in the Belgian loess belt. On average, each municipality is confronted with 3.6 muddy floods each year. Annual costs associated with their off-site impacts are estimated at € 16-172 millions for the entire Belgian loess belt. A topographic threshold is derived to predict the source areas of muddy floods. Furthermore, the storms required to produce a flood are, on average, smaller in May and June (25 mm) than between July and September (46 mm). This difference is explained by the variability of soil surface characteristics that determine the runoff potential of cultivated soils (soil cover by crops and residues, soil surface crusting and roughness). Steady state infiltration rates of cropland and grassed areas were characterised in the field using a 0.5 m2-portable rainfall simulator. Overall, grassed areas have a lower infiltration rate (16-23 mm h-1) than croplands (25-52 mm h-1). Muddy floods are mostly observed between May-September because of the coincidence of critical soil surface conditions for runoff generation with the most erosive storms. After an adaptation of its decision rules to the local conditions, the STREAM expert-based model provides satisfactory runoff/erosion predictions at the catchment scale. The second part of the thesis aims at evaluating the effectiveness of measures to control muddy floods. A modelling case-study showed that peak discharge was reduced by more than 40% by installing a grassed waterway and a dam at the outlet of a 300 ha-catchment. Monitoring the same catchment (2002-2007) demonstrated that the grassed waterway as well as three dams prevented any muddy flood in the downstream village despite the occurrence of several extreme storms (with a maximum return period of 150 years). Peak discharge was reduced by 69%. Specific sediment yield dropped from 3.5 t ha-1 yr-1 to a mean of 0.5 t ha-1 yr-1 after the installation of the control measures, thereby reducing drastically sediment transfer to the alluvial plain. Finally, a methodology is provided to implement grassed waterways and earthen dams in other dry valleys in the Belgian loess belt and comparable environments.; La première partie de cette thèse vise à définir les conditions déclenchant les inondations boueuses dans la ceinture lœssique belge. En moyenne, chaque municipalité est confrontée à 3,6 inondations boueuses chaque année. Les coûts annuels associés à leurs impacts sont estimés à 16-172 millions d'euros pour l'ensemble de la ceinture lœssique. Un seuil topographique est calculé pour prévoir les zones sources des inondations boueuses. En outre, les pluies nécessaires pour produire une inondation sont, en moyenne, plus faibles en mai et juin (25 mm) qu'entre juillet et septembre (46 mm). Cette différence s'explique par la variabilité des caractéristiques de la surface des sols qui déterminent le potentiel de ruissellement des sols cultivés (couverture du sol par les cultures et les résidus, encroûtement et rugosité de la surface du sol). Les taux d'infiltration des terres cultivées et des zones enherbées ont été caractérisés sur le terrain à l'aide d'un simulateur de pluie portable de 0,5 m2. Dans l'ensemble, les zones enherbées ont un taux d'infiltration plus faible (16-23 mm h-1) que les terres cultivées (25-52 mm h-1). Les inondations boueuses sont surtout observées entre mai et septembre en raison de la coïncidence des conditions critiques de la surface du sol pour la production de ruissellement et de l'occurrence des pluies les plus érosives. Après une adaptation de ses règles de décision aux conditions locales, le modèle STREAM fournit des prévisions satisfaisantes de ruissellement et d'érosion à l'échelle du bassin versant. La deuxième partie de la thèse vise à évaluer l'efficacité des mesures de contrôle des inondations boueuses. Une étude de cas de modélisation a montré que le débit de pointe a été réduit de plus de 40% en installant un chenal enherbé et un barrage à l'exutoire d'un bassin versant de 300 ha. Le suivi hydro-sédimentaire du même bassin versant (2002-2007) a permis de démontrer que le chenal enherbé ainsi que trois barrages ont empêché toute inondation boueuse dans le village en aval malgré l'occurrence de plusieurs événements de pluie extrêmes (avec une période de retour maximale de 150 ans). Le débit de pointe a été réduit de 69 %. De plus, le taux de production de sédiments est passé de 3,5 t ha-1 an-1 à une moyenne de 0,5 t ha-1 an-1 après l'installation des mesures de contrôle, réduisant ainsi considérablement le transfert de sédiments vers la plaine alluviale. Enfin, une méthodologie est fournie pour mettre en place des chenaux enherbés et des digues dans d'autres vallées sèches de la ceinture lœssique belge et dans des environnements similaires.
Published: 2008

32. Tracing the dispersion of sediment contaminated with radionuclides in catchments exposed to Chernobyl and Fukushima fallout

Author: Evrard, O., Belyaev, V., Chartin, C., Ottlé, C., Ivanova, N., Maxim Markelov, Lefèvre, I., Golosov, V., Bonté, P., Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Géochimie Des Impacts (GEDI), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Lomonosov Moscow State University (MSU), Modélisation des Surfaces et Interfaces Continentales (MOSAIC), CNRS (France) and the RFBR (Russia) in the framework of their joint international research programme (CNRS-RFBR project no. 09-05-91057)., ANR-11-JAPN-0001,TOFU,Traçage des conséquences environnementales du tsunami provoqué par le séisme de TOhoku et de l'accident de FUkushima(2011), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: redistribution of contaminated sediment, sediment tracing, [SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, fallout radionuclides, nuclear accident, [SDU.STU.GM]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geomorphology, catchment, [SDU.STU.HY]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Hydrology, [SDV.SA.SDS]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences/Soil study, [SDU.ENVI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces, environment, humanities, agriculture
Abstract: International audience; The Chernobyl and Fukushima nuclear power plant accidents led to the release of large quantities of radionuclides into the environment. Several of those radionuclides (e.g. 134Cs and 137Cs) strongly sorb onto soil particles. Once delivered to rivers by erosion processes and runoff, sediment redistribution can lead to the progressive dispersion of radioactive contamination into larger areas over time. This paper deals with case studies conducted in Russia (the 2000 km² River Plava catchment affected by Chernobyl fallout in 1986), and in Japan (the 5000 km² highly contaminated area of Fukushima Prefecture). A key prerequisite for undertaking studies of the subsequent redistribution of contaminated sediment in catchments and river systems is a good knowledge of the initial spatial pattern of soil contamination by fallout radionuclides. In this contribution, we check the local validity of the initial contamination map provided for the Russian case study site and outline the implications for conducting a similar study in Japan.

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32 results on '"Evrard, O."'

1. Applying geochemical and colour properties to quantify sediment sources in a Brazilian semiarid ephemeral river system

2. Combining colour and magnetic properties with geochemical tracers to improve discrimination of sediment sources in the Conceição River Catchment, Southern Brazil

3. Long-term hydro-sedimentary monitoring and modelling for the conservationist planning of the soil and water in a small catchment in southern Brazil

4. The scale dependency of erosion and runoff for two agricultural catchments in the Western Paris Basin, France

5. Comparing conventional and alternative sediment tracing methods to quantify the sources of sediment transiting rivers of South Pacific Islands

6. Tracing the sources and dynamics of contaminated sediment in coastal rivers draining the main Fukushima radioactive fallout plume using gamma-emitting radionuclides and carbon/nitrogen stable isotopes (2011-2017)

7. Les effets de la crue de juin 2016 sur la qualité de l'eau du bassin de la Seine

8. Contribution of bank erosion to the sediment budget of a drained agricultural lowland catchment

9. Quantifying the transfer times of suspended sediment during floods with $^7$Be and $^{210}$Pb$_{xs}$ measurements in a drained lowland catchment of central France

10. La crise de l'eau

11. Investigating the temporal dynamics of suspended sediment during flood events with 7Be and 210Pbxs measurements in a drained lowland catchment

12. Tracing Sediment Sources Using Mid-infrared Spectroscopy in Arvorezinha Catchment, Southern Brazil

13. Modelling the dilution of radioactive contamination in sediment transiting Fukushima coastal rivers (2011-2015)

14. Human-Landscape interaction in cultivated lowland catchments (Louroux catchment, Loire Valley, France)

15. Effects of land use and climate changes on small reservoir siltation in the agricultural belt of European Russia

16. Post-accidental riverine dispersion of sediments contaminated by radionuclides: confrontation of lessons learnt from Chernobyl andFukushima case studies in catchments from Russia (1986-2009) and Japan (2011-2012)

17. Quantifying suspended sediment sources during flood events in headwater catchments using diffuse reflectance spectroscopy

18. Assessing sediment connectivity to understand dynamics of contaminated sediment within coastal catchments of Fukushima Prefecture (Japan)

19. Using Chernobyl-derived $^{137}$Cs to document recent sediment deposition rates on the River Plava floodplain (Central European Russia)

20. Quantifying the origin of different sediment types in a catchment of the Southern French Alps by combining hydro-sedimentary records and fingerprinting

21. Quantification of the sediment budget of a river basin, based on reconstruction of the post-fallout redistribution of Chernobyl particle-bound 137Cs

22. Core-derived historical records of suspended sediment origin in a mesoscale mountainous catchment: the Bléone River French Alpas

23. Tracing sediment sources in a tropical highland catchment of central Mexico by using conventional and alternative fingerprinting methodsTracing sediment sources in a tropical

24. Modelling runoff and erosion in an ungauged cultivated catchment of Western Russia strongly contaminated by Chernobyl fallout

25. Combining river monitoring and sediment fingerprinting to quantify spatial and temporal dynamics of fine sediment in mountainous catchments of the French Alps and the Mexican Central Highlands

26. Combining suspended sediment monitoring and fingerprinting to determine the spatial origin of fine sediment in a mountainous river catchment

27. Sediment dynamics in tropical highland catchments of central Mexico using fallout radionuclides

28. Estimation of erosion and sediment export from an agricultural catchment (1960 – 2000) confronting the outputs of an expert-based model and Cs-137 inventories

29. Spatial and temporal dynamics of sediment in contrasted mountainous watersheds (Mexican transverse volcanic axis and French Southern Alps) combining river gauging, elemental geochemistry and fallout radionuclides

30. Les inondations boueuses dans la région limoneuse belge: Problèmes et solutions

31. Modderoverlast in de Belgische Leemstreek: Problemen en oplossingen

32. Tracing the dispersion of sediment contaminated with radionuclides in catchments exposed to Chernobyl and Fukushima fallout

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