Author: "Maxime Dahirel" / Topic: [sde.be]environmental sciences/biodiversity and ecology - Searchworks@Jio Institute Digital Library Search Results

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1. Global urban environmental change drives adaptation in white clover

Author: James S. Santangelo, Rob W. Ness, Beata Cohan, Connor R. Fitzpatrick, Simon G. Innes, Sophie Koch, Lindsay S. Miles, Samreen Munim, Pedro R. Peres-Neto, Cindy Prashad, Alex T. Tong, Windsor E. Aguirre, Philips O. Akinwole, Marina Alberti, Jackie Álvarez, Jill T. Anderson, Joseph J. Anderson, Yoshino Ando, Nigel R. Andrew, Fabio Angeoletto, Daniel N. Anstett, Julia Anstett, Felipe Aoki-Gonçalves, A. Z. Andis Arietta, Mary T. K. Arroyo, Emily J. Austen, Fernanda Baena-Díaz, Cory A. Barker, Howard A. Baylis, Julia M. Beliz, Alfonso Benitez-Mora, David Bickford, Gabriela Biedebach, Gwylim S. Blackburn, Mannfred M. A. Boehm, Stephen P. Bonser, Dries Bonte, Jesse R. Bragger, Cristina Branquinho, Kristien I. Brans, Jorge C. Bresciano, Peta D. Brom, Anna Bucharova, Briana Burt, James F. Cahill, Katelyn D. Campbell, Elizabeth J. Carlen, Diego Carmona, Maria Clara Castellanos, Giada Centenaro, Izan Chalen, Jaime A. Chaves, Mariana Chávez-Pesqueira, Xiao-Yong Chen, Angela M. Chilton, Kristina M. Chomiak, Diego F. Cisneros-Heredia, Ibrahim K. Cisse, Aimée T. Classen, Mattheau S. Comerford, Camila Cordoba Fradinger, Hannah Corney, Andrew J. Crawford, Kerri M. Crawford, Maxime Dahirel, Santiago David, Robert De Haan, Nicholas J. Deacon, Clare Dean, Ek del-Val, Eleftherios K. Deligiannis, Derek Denney, Margarete A. Dettlaff, Michelle F. DiLeo, Yuan-Yuan Ding, Moisés E. Domínguez-López, Davide M. Dominoni, Savannah L. Draud, Karen Dyson, Jacintha Ellers, Carlos I. Espinosa, Liliana Essi, Mohsen Falahati-Anbaran, Jéssica C. F. Falcão, Hayden T. Fargo, Mark D. E. Fellowes, Raina M. Fitzpatrick, Leah E. Flaherty, Pádraic J. Flood, María F. Flores, Juan Fornoni, Amy G. Foster, Christopher J. Frost, Tracy L. Fuentes, Justin R. Fulkerson, Edeline Gagnon, Frauke Garbsch, Colin J. Garroway, Aleeza C. Gerstein, Mischa M. Giasson, E. Binney Girdler, Spyros Gkelis, William Godsoe, Anneke M. Golemiec, Mireille Golemiec, César González-Lagos, Amanda J. Gorton, Kiyoko M. Gotanda, Gustaf Granath, Stephan Greiner, Joanna S. Griffiths, Filipa Grilo, Pedro E. Gundel, Benjamin Hamilton, Joyce M. Hardin, Tianhua He, Stephen B. Heard, André F. Henriques, Melissa Hernández-Poveda, Molly C. Hetherington-Rauth, Sarah J. Hill, Dieter F. Hochuli, Kathryn A. Hodgins, Glen R. Hood, Gareth R. Hopkins, Katherine A. Hovanes, Ava R. Howard, Sierra C. Hubbard, Carlos N. Ibarra-Cerdeña, Carlos Iñiguez-Armijos, Paola Jara-Arancio, Benjamin J. M. Jarrett, Manon Jeannot, Vania Jiménez-Lobato, Mae Johnson, Oscar Johnson, Philip P. Johnson, Reagan Johnson, Matthew P. Josephson, Meen Chel Jung, Michael G. Just, Aapo Kahilainen, Otto S. Kailing, Eunice Kariñho-Betancourt, Regina Karousou, Lauren A. Kirn, Anna Kirschbaum, Anna-Liisa Laine, Jalene M. LaMontagne, Christian Lampei, Carlos Lara, Erica L. Larson, Adrián Lázaro-Lobo, Jennifer H. Le, Deleon S. Leandro, Christopher Lee, Yunting Lei, Carolina A. León, Manuel E. Lequerica Tamara, Danica C. Levesque, Wan-Jin Liao, Megan Ljubotina, Hannah Locke, Martin T. Lockett, Tiffany C. Longo, Jeremy T. Lundholm, Thomas MacGillavry, Christopher R. Mackin, Alex R. Mahmoud, Isaac A. Manju, Janine Mariën, D. Nayeli Martínez, Marina Martínez-Bartolomé, Emily K. Meineke, Wendy Mendoza-Arroyo, Thomas J. S. Merritt, Lila Elizabeth L. Merritt, Giuditta Migiani, Emily S. Minor, Nora Mitchell, Mitra Mohammadi Bazargani, Angela T. Moles, Julia D. Monk, Christopher M. Moore, Paula A. Morales-Morales, Brook T. Moyers, Miriam Muñoz-Rojas, Jason Munshi-South, Shannon M. Murphy, Maureen M. Murúa, Melisa Neila, Ourania Nikolaidis, Iva Njunjić, Peter Nosko, Juan Núñez-Farfán, Takayuki Ohgushi, Kenneth M. Olsen, Øystein H. Opedal, Cristina Ornelas, Amy L. Parachnowitsch, Aaron S. Paratore, Angela M. Parody-Merino, Juraj Paule, Octávio S. Paulo, João Carlos Pena, Vera W. Pfeiffer, Pedro Pinho, Anthony Piot, Ilga M. Porth, Nicholas Poulos, Adriana Puentes, Jiao Qu, Estela Quintero-Vallejo, Steve M. Raciti, Joost A. M. Raeymaekers, Krista M. Raveala, Diana J. Rennison, Milton C. Ribeiro, Jonathan L. Richardson, Gonzalo Rivas-Torres, Benjamin J. Rivera, Adam B. Roddy, Erika Rodriguez-Muñoz, José Raúl Román, Laura S. Rossi, Jennifer K. Rowntree, Travis J. Ryan, Santiago Salinas, Nathan J. Sanders, Luis Y. Santiago-Rosario, Amy M. Savage, J.F. Scheepens, Menno Schilthuizen, Adam C. Schneider, Tiffany Scholier, Jared L. Scott, Summer A. Shaheed, Richard P. Shefferson, Caralee A. Shepard, Jacqui A. Shykoff, Georgianna Silveira, Alexis D. Smith, Lizet Solis-Gabriel, Antonella Soro, Katie V. Spellman, Kaitlin Stack Whitney, Indra Starke-Ottich, Jörg G. Stephan, Jessica D. Stephens, Justyna Szulc, Marta Szulkin, Ayco J. M. Tack, Ítalo Tamburrino, Tayler D. Tate, Emmanuel Tergemina, Panagiotis Theodorou, Ken A. Thompson, Caragh G. Threlfall, Robin M. Tinghitella, Lilibeth Toledo-Chelala, Xin Tong, Léa Uroy, Shunsuke Utsumi, Martijn L. Vandegehuchte, Acer VanWallendael, Paula M. Vidal, Susana M. Wadgymar, Ai-Ying Wang, Nian Wang, Montana L. Warbrick, Kenneth D. Whitney, Miriam Wiesmeier, J. Tristian Wiles, Jianqiang Wu, Zoe A. Xirocostas, Zhaogui Yan, Jiahe Yao, Jeremy B. Yoder, Owen Yoshida, Jingxiong Zhang, Zhigang Zhao, Carly D. Ziter, Matthew P. Zuellig, Rebecca A. Zufall, Juan E. Zurita, Sharon E. Zytynska, Marc T. J. Johnson, Ecological Science, Animal Ecology, Biology, Faculty of Economic and Social Sciences and Solvay Business School, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, ON, University of North Carolina, LA, QC, DePaul University, IN, Universidad San Francisco de Quito USFQ, University of Georgia, Uppsala University, Hokkaido University, NSW, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Geografia da UFMT, University of British Columbia, A. C., CT, Universidad de Chile, Mount Allison University, Instituto de Ecología A. C., University of Cambridge, FL, Universidad Bernardo O'Higgins, Ghent University, West Long Branch, Lisboa, KU Leuven, Massey University, University of Cape Town, University of Münster, AB, University of Sussex, Stockholm University, Universidad San Francisco de Quito, East China Normal University, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Sustainable Plant Innovation, MI, TX, Facultad de Agronomía, NS, Université de Rennes, IA, MN, Manchester Metropolitan University, UNAM, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, University of Helsinki, University of Glasgow, Hendrix College, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Universidad Técnica Particular de Loja, Universidade Federal de Sergipe (UFS), University of Tehran, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, AZ, Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Potsdam-Golm, University of Alaska Anchorage, Tropical Diversity, Université de Moncton, MB, University of New Brunswick, Lincoln University, Universidad Adolfo Ibáñez, Brock University, ICB - University of Talca, Curtin University, Murdoch University, Western Oregon University, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Institute of Ecology and Biodiversity (IEB), Lund University, Universidad Autónoma de Guerrero -CONACYT, University of Illinois at Chicago, Dufferin-Peel Catholic District School Board, U.S. Army ERDC-CERL, Tübingen, University of Zurich, Urban Wildlife Institute, Universidad Católica de la Santísima Concepción, CO, MS, Rutgers University-Camden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing Normal University, NM, University of Wisconsin - Eau Claire, Iranian Research Organization for Science and Technology (IROST), ME, Universidad de Antioquia, MA, Universidad de Sevilla, Universidad Mayor, Naturalis Biodiversity Center, Kyoto University, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Senckenberg Research Institute and Natural History Museum Frankfurt, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), WI, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Universidad CES, Hofstra University, Nord University, VA, University of Almería, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Leiden University, Jyväskylä, KY, University of Tokyo, Ecologie Systématique et Evolution, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, University of Warsaw, Davidson College, Huazhong Agricultural University, Technical University of Munich, Lanzhou University, University of Bern, University of Liverpool, Repositório da Universidade de Lisboa, University of Toronto at Mississauga, University of North Carolina [Chapel Hill] (UNC), University of North Carolina System (UNC), University of Louisiana, Ecosystèmes, biodiversité, évolution [Rennes] (ECOBIO), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Ecologie Systématique et Evolution (ESE), AgroParisTech-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Biodiversité agroécologie et aménagement du paysage (UMR BAGAP), Ecole supérieure d'Agricultures d'Angers (ESA)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut Agro Rennes Angers, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), Huazhong Agricultural University [Wuhan] (HZAU), California State University [Northridge] (CSUN), Saint Mary's University [Halifax], Kunming Institute of Botany [CAS] (KIB), Chinese Academy of Sciences [Beijing] (CAS), Concordia University [Montreal], University of Houston, Universidad San Francisco de Quito (USFQ), Technische Universität München = Technical University of Munich (TUM), and The Global Urban Evolution project was primarily funded by an NSERC DiscoveryGrant, Canada Research Chair and NSERC Steacie Fellowship to M.T.J.J.. J.S.S. receivedfunding from an NSERC CGS and C.R.F. is funded by an NSERC PDF. P.R.P.-N., R.W.N. andJ.C.C. were supported by NSERC Discovery grants. M.A. was funded by NSF RCN DEB-1840663. F.A. received funding from CAPES. MTKA was funded by CONICYT PIA APOYOCCTE AFB170008. J.R.B, T.C.L., and S.A.S were supported by Monmouth University Sch. ofSci. SRP. E.G. was funded by D. Biologie, Université de Moncton. C.G.-L. received fundingfrom the Center of Applied Ecology and Sustainability (CAPES), and ANID PIA/BASALFB0002. S.G. was funded by the Max Planck Society. P.J.-A. was funded by ANID PIA/BASALFB210006. I.N. and M.S. were supported by Leiden Municipality. K.M.O. was funded by USNSF awards IOS-1557770 and DEB-1601641. J.C.P. thanks FAPESP process 2018/00107-3, andM.C.R. thanks CNPq and FAPESP.
Subjects: sopeutuminen, Rural Population, valkoapila, Multidisciplinary, Urbanization, evoluutio, kasvillisuus, Genes, Plant, Adaptation, Physiological, Biological Evolution, SDG 11 - Sustainable Cities and Communities, evoluutioekologia, Hydrogen Cyanide, 570 Life sciences, biology, Trifolium, kaupungistuminen, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, Cities, ympäristönmuutokset, Ecosystem, Genome, Plant
Abstract: Made available in DSpace on 2022-04-28T19:52:06Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2022-03-18 Urbanization transforms environments in ways that alter biological evolution. We examined whether urban environmental change drives parallel evolution by sampling 110,019 white clover plants from 6169 populations in 160 cities globally. Plants were assayed for a Mendelian antiherbivore defense that also affects tolerance to abiotic stressors. Urban-rural gradients were associated with the evolution of clines in defense in 47% of cities throughout the world. Variation in the strength of clines was explained by environmental changes in drought stress and vegetation cover that varied among cities. Sequencing 2074 genomes from 26 cities revealed that the evolution of urban-rural clines was best explained by adaptive evolution, but the degree of parallel adaptation varied among cities. Our results demonstrate that urbanization leads to adaptation at a global scale. Department of Biology University of Toronto Mississauga ON Centre for Urban Environments University of Toronto Mississauga ON Department of Biology University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill Department of Biology University of Louisiana LA Department of Biology Queen's University ON Department of Biology Concordia University QC Department of Biological Sciences DePaul University Department of Biology DePauw University IN Department of Urban Design and Planning, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA Colegio de Ciencias Biológicas y Ambientales Universidad San Francisco de Quito USFQ Department of Genetics University of Georgia Department of Ecology and Genetics Evolutionary Biology Centre Uppsala University Field Science Center for Northern Biosphere Hokkaido University Natural History Museum Zoology University of New England NSW Programa de Pós-Graduação em Geografia da UFMT campus de Rondonópolis Department of Botany and Biodiversity Research Centre University of British Columbia Graduate Program in Genome Sciences and Technology Genome Sciences Centre University of British Columbia Department of Microbiology and Immunology University of British Columbia Red de Biología Evolutiva Instituto de Ecología A. C. School of the Environment Yale University CT Departamento de Ciencias Ecológicas Universidad de Chile, Facultad de Ciencias Instituto de Ecología y Biodiversidad Universidad de Chile Department of Biology Mount Allison University Red de Ecoetología Instituto de Ecología A. C. Department of Biology University of Ottawa ON Department of Zoology University of Cambridge Department of Biology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA Department of Biology University of Miami FL Centro de Investigación en Recursos Naturales y Sustentabilidad (CIRENYS) Universidad Bernardo O'Higgins Department of Biology, University of La Verne, La Verne, CA, USA Département des sciences du bois et de la forêt Université Laval QC Evolution & Ecology Research Centre School of Biological Earth and Environmental Sciences UNSW Sydney NSW Department of Biology Ghent University Department of Biology Monmouth University West Long Branch Centre for Ecology Evolution and Environmental Changes Faculdade de Ciências Universidade de Lisboa Lisboa Department of Biology KU Leuven School of Agriculture and Environment Wildlife and Ecology group Massey University, Palmerston North Department of Biological Sciences University of Cape Town Institute of Landscape Ecology University of Münster Gosnell School of Life Sciences, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, NY, USA Department of Biological Sciences University of Alberta AB Louis Calder Center and Department of Biological Sciences, Fordham University, Armonk, NY, USA Departamento de Ecología Tropical, Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán, Mérida, Yucatán, México School of Life Sciences University of Sussex Department of Ecology Environment and Plant Sciences Stockholm University iBIOTROP Instituto de Biodiversidad Tropical Universidad San Francisco de Quito Department of Biology, San Francisco State University, San Francisco, CA, USA Unidad de Recursos Naturales, Centro de Investigación Científica de Yucatán AC, Mérida, Yucatán, México School of Ecological and Environmental Sciences East China Normal University Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Sustainable Plant Innovation Centre for Ecosystem Science School of Biological Earth and Environmental Sciences UNSW Sydney NSW Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology University of Michigan MI Department of Biosciences Rice University TX IFEVA Universidad de Buenos Aires Facultad de Agronomía, CONICET Biology Department Saint Mary's University NS Department of Biological Sciences, Universidad de los Andes Department of Biology and Biochemistry University of Houston TX Université de Rennes Department of Zoology and Biodiversity Research Centre University of British Columbia Department of Environmental Studies Dordt University Sioux Center IA Department of Biology Minneapolis Community and Technical College MN Department of Natural Sciences Ecology and Environment Research Centre Manchester Metropolitan University Instituto de Investigaciones en Ecosistemas y Sustentabilidad UNAM Department of Botany School of Biology Aristotle University of Thessaloniki Faculty of Biological and Environmental Science Organismal & Evolutionary Biology Research Programme University of Helsinki Institute of Biodiversity Animal Health and Comparative Medicine University of Glasgow Department of Biology Hendrix College Department of Ecological Science Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas y Agropecuarias Universidad Técnica Particular de Loja Departamento de Biologia Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM) Department of Plant Sciences School of Biology College of Science University of Tehran NTNU University Museum Norwegian University of Science and Technology Red de Estudios Moleculares Avanzados Instituto de Ecología A. C. School of Biological Sciences, University of Reading, Whiteknights Park, Reading, Berkshire, UK Department of Biology Northern Arizona University AZ Department of Biological Sciences MacEwan University AB Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research Departamento de Ecología Evolutiva Instituto de Ecología Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology Potsdam-Golm BIO5 Institute University of Arizona AZ Alaska Center for Conservation Science University of Alaska Anchorage Tropical Diversity, Royal Botanical Garden of Edinburgh Département de biologie Université de Moncton Department of Biological Sciences University of Manitoba MB Departments of Microbiology & Statistics University of Manitoba MB Department of Biology University of New Brunswick Department of Biology Kalamazoo College MI BioProtection Research Centre Lincoln University Departamento de Ciencias Facultad de Artes Liberales Universidad Adolfo Ibáñez Department of Ecology Evolution Behaviour University of Minnesota MN Department of Biological Sciences Brock University Department of Environmental Toxicology, University of California, Davis, CA, USA ICB - University of Talca School of Molecular and Life Science Curtin University College of Science Health Engineering and Education Murdoch University, Murdoch School of Life and Environmental Sciences University of Sydney NSW School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia Department of Biological Sciences Wayne State University MI Department of Biology Western Oregon University, OR School of Natural Resources and the Environment University of Arizona AZ Departamento de Ecología Humana, Cinvestav Mérida Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas y Departamento de Ecología y Biodiversidad Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andrés Bello Institute of Ecology and Biodiversity (IEB) Department of Biology Lund University Department of Biology Norwegian University of Science and Technology Escuela Superiro de Desarrollo Sustentable Universidad Autónoma de Guerrero -CONACYT Clarkson Secondary School Peel District School Board ON Homelands Sr. Public School Peel District School Board ON Department of Biological Sciences University of Illinois at Chicago Dufferin-Peel Catholic District School Board, St. James Catholic Global Learning Centre Department of Biosciences University of Calgary AB Ecological Processes Branch U.S. Army ERDC-CERL Department of Biology, Oberlin College, Oberlin, OH, USA Escuela Nacional de Estudios Superiores Unidad Morelia UNAM Institute of Evolution and Ecology University of Tübingen Tübingen Department of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse Urban Wildlife Institute Department of Conservation and Science, Lincoln Park Zoo Departamento de Ecología Universidad Católica de la Santísima Concepción Department of Biological Sciences University of Denver CO Department of Biological Sciences Mississippi State University MS Department of Biology Center for Computational & Integrative Biology Rutgers University-Camden Kunming Institute of Botany Chinese Academy of Sciences Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry Laurentian University ON Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Biodiversity Science and Ecological Engineering College of Life Sciences Beijing Normal University School of BioSciences, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia Posgrado en Ciencias Biológicas Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México Department of Biological Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA Department of Entomology and Nematology, University of California, Davis, CA, USA Department of Biology University of New Mexico NM Department of Biology University of Wisconsin - Eau Claire Agriculture Institute Iranian Research Organization for Science and Technology (IROST) Department of Biology Colby College ME Instituto de Biología Universidad de Antioquia Department of Biology University of Massachusetts Boston MA Agricultural Biology Colorado State University CO Departamento de Biología Vegetal y Ecología Facultad de Biología Universidad de Sevilla, Av. Reina Mercedes s/n Facultad de Estudios Interdisciplinarios Centro GEMA- Genómica Universidad Mayor Evolutionary Ecology Group Naturalis Biodiversity Center Department of Biology and Chemistry Nipissing University ON, North Bay Center for Ecological Research Kyoto University Bonanza Creek Long Term Ecological Research Program University of Alaska Fairbanks Department of Botany and Molecular Evolution Senckenberg Research Institute and Natural History Museum Frankfurt Departamento de Biodiversidade Instituto de Biociências Univ Estadual Paulista - UNESP Nelson Institute for Environmental Studies University of Wisconsin-Madison WI Department of Biology, California State University, Northridge, Los Angeles, CA, USA Department of Ecology Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences Facultad de Ciencias y Biotecnologia Universidad CES Department of Biology Hofstra University Faculty of Biosciences and Aquaculture Nord University, Bodø Division of Biological Sciences, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA Department of Biology University of Richmond VA Estación de Biodiversidad Tiputini Colegio de Ciencias Biológicas y Ambientales Universidad San Francisco de Quito USFQ Department of Biological Sciences Institute of Environment Florida International University FL Agronomy Department University of Almería Department of Biological Sciences and Center for Urban Ecology and Sustainability Butler University IN Department of Biological Sciences Louisiana State University LA Faculty of Biological Sciences, Goethe University Frankfurt Institute of Biology Leiden Leiden University Department of Biological and Environmental Science University of Jyväskylä Jyväskylä Department of Biology University of Louisville KY Organization for Programs on Environmental Science University of Tokyo CNRS AgroParisTech Ecologie Systématique et Evolution, Université Paris-Saclay Department of Biology, Providence College, Providence, RI, USA General Zoology Institute for Biology Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg International Arctic Research Center University of Alaska Fairbanks Science, Technology and Society Department, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, NY, USA SLU Swedish Species Information Centre Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences Department of Biology Westfield State University MA Centre of New Technologies University of Warsaw Department of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA Plant Biology Department Michigan State University MI Biology Department Davidson College College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences/ Hubei Engineering Technology Research Center for Forestry Information Huazhong Agricultural University School of Life Sciences Technical University of Munich School of Life Sciences Lanzhou University Institute of Ecology and Evolution University of Bern Department of Evolution Ecology and Behaviour University of Liverpool Departamento de Biodiversidade Instituto de Biociências Univ Estadual Paulista - UNESP
Published: 2022
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2. Dispersal syndrome and landscape fragmentation in the salt-marsh specialist spider Erigone longipalpis

Author: Maxime Dahirel, Marie Wullschleger, Tristan Berry, Solène Croci, Julien Pétillon, Jia, Zhi-Yun, Ecosystèmes, biodiversité, évolution [Rennes] (ECOBIO), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Universiteit Gent = Ghent University (UGENT), Littoral, Environnement, Télédétection, Géomatique (LETG - Rennes ), Université de Brest (UBO)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Nantes Université (Nantes Univ)-Littoral, Environnement, Télédétection, Géomatique UMR 6554 (LETG), Université de Brest (UBO)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Géographie et d'Aménagement Régional de l'Université de Nantes (Nantes Univ - IGARUN), Nantes Université - pôle Humanités, Nantes Université (Nantes Univ)-Nantes Université (Nantes Univ)-Nantes Université - pôle Humanités, Nantes Université (Nantes Univ)-Nantes Université (Nantes Univ)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Géographie et d'Aménagement Régional de l'Université de Nantes (Nantes Univ - IGARUN), Nantes Université (Nantes Univ), Nelson Mandela University [Port Elizabeth], Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (UMS OSUR), and UMR Ecobio (Biological Invasions research axis)
Subjects: Linyphiidae, habitat loss, Biology and Life Sciences, context-dependent dispersal, EVOLUTION, LIFE-HISTORIES, SIZE, CANNIBALISM, phenotypic correlations, GENE FLOW, Animal Science and Zoology, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, JUVENILE, COMMUNITIES, population density, BEHAVIOR, RESPONSES
Abstract: Dispersal and its evolution play a key role for population persistence in fragmented landscapes where habitat loss and fragmentation increase the cost of between-habitat movements. In such contexts, it is important to know how variation in dispersal and other traits is structured, and whether responses to landscape fragmentation are aligned with underlying dispersal-trait correlations, or dispersal syndromes. We therefore studied trait variation in Erigone longipalpis, a European spider species specialist of (often patchy) salt marshes. We collected spiders in two salt-marsh landscapes differing in habitat availability. We then reared lab-born spiders for two generations in controlled conditions, and measured dispersal and its association with various key traits. E. longipalpis population densities were lower in the more fragmented landscape. Despite this, we found no evidence of differences in dispersal, or any other trait we studied, between the two landscapes. While a dispersal syndrome was present at the among-individual level (dispersers were more fecund and faster growing, among others), there was no indication it was genetically driven: among-family differences in dispersal were not correlated with differences in other traits. Instead, we showed that the observed phenotypic covariations were mostly due to within-family correlations. We hypothesize that the dispersal syndrome is the result of asymmetric food access among siblings, leading to variation in development rates and carrying over to adult traits. Our results show we need to better understand the sources of dispersal variation and syndromes, especially when dispersal may evolve rapidly in response to environmental change.
Published: 2022
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3. Increased population density depresses activity but does not influence emigration in the snail Pomatias elegans

Author: Maxime Dahirel, Armelle Ansart, Loïc Menut, Ecosystèmes, biodiversité, évolution [Rennes] (ECOBIO), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR)-Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES), Institut Sophia Agrobiotech (ISA), Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (... - 2019) (UNS), COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (1965 - 2019) (UNS)
Subjects: defence, 0106 biological sciences, gastropod, Range (biology), Snail, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Population density, dispersal syndromes, biology.animal, 0501 psychology and cognitive sciences, 050102 behavioral science & comparative psychology, Evolutionary dynamics, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, biology, Ecology, 05 social sciences, Land snail, 15. Life on land, biology.organism_classification, ecosystem functioning, sex-biased dispersal, Biological dispersal, Dormancy, Animal Science and Zoology, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, Pomatias elegans
Abstract: Dispersal is a key trait linking ecological and evolutionary dynamics, allowing organisms to optimize fitness expectations in spatially and temporally heterogeneous environments. Some organisms can both actively disperse or enter a reduced activity state in response to challenging conditions, and both responses may be under a trade-off. To understand how such organisms respond to changes in environmental conditions, we studied the dispersal and activity behaviour in the gonochoric land snail Pomatias elegans, a litter decomposer that can reach very high local densities, across a wide range of ecologically relevant densities. We found that crowding up to twice the maximal recorded density had no detectable effect on dispersal tendency in this species, contrary to previous results in many hermaphroditic snails. Pomatias elegans is nonetheless able to detect population density; we show they reduce activity rather than increase dispersal in response to crowding. We discuss these results based on the ability of many land snails to enter dormancy for extended periods of time in case of unfavourable conditions. We propose that dormancy ("dispersal in time") may be more advantageous in species with especially poor movement abilities, even by land mollusc standards, like P. elegans. Interestingly, dispersal and activity were correlated independently of density; this dispersal syndrome may reflect a dispersal-dormancy trade-off at the individual level. Additionally, we found snails with heavier shells relative to their size tended to be less mobile, which may reflect physical and metabolic constraints on movement and/or survival during inactivity. We finally discuss how the absence of density-dependent dispersal may explain why P. elegans is often found at very high local densities, and the possible consequences for ecosystem functioning and litter decomposition.
Published: 2020
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4. Morph-dependent nematode infection and its association with host movement in the land snail Cepaea nemoralis (Mollusca, Gastropoda)

Author: Maxime Dahirel, Marine Proux, Claudia Gérard, Armelle Ansart, Institut Sophia Agrobiotech (ISA), Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (1965 - 2019) (UNS), COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA), Universiteit Gent = Ghent University (UGENT), Ecosystèmes, biodiversité, évolution [Rennes] (ECOBIO), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Agence Nationale de la Recherche. Grant Number: ANR-18-CE32-0008, and ANR-18-CE32-0008,PushToiDeLa,vagues posées, vagues tirées: causes, conséquences et applications en lutte biologique(2018)
Subjects: food intake, TRANSMISSION, INTENSITY, PARASITIC MITE INFECTION, activity, SHELL, fungi, Biology and Life Sciences, PHASMARHABDITIS-HERMAPHRODITA, PERFORMANCE, COLOR MORPHS, POLYMORPHISM, EVOLUTION, host-parasite interactions, snail parasite defences, Riccardoella, Cepaea nemoralis, Animal Science and Zoology, Brachylaima, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, POPULATION, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, shell colour polymorphism
Abstract: Host behaviour can be influenced by parasitic risk and infection through a variety of direct and indirect mechanisms. We can expect individuals expressing different phenotypes to also differ in the ways their behaviour is altered by parasites. We used the land snail Cepaea nemoralis, a species with various shell colour morphs differing in behaviour and physiology, as a model to study the link between parasite response and individual behaviour variation. We analysed metazoan parasite abundance and its relation to behaviour (movement and food intake) in snails from three shell morphs (from light unbanded to darker five-banded) and from two neighbouring populations from contrasted environments. Snails were parasitized by mites, trematodes and nematodes, from rarest to most frequent. We confirm that terrestrial gastropods can defend against infection by trapping parasitic nematodes in their shell. We show that nematode encapsulated in shells can uncover past infections even when a snail population is currently nematode-free, possibly due to parasite seasonality. We present new observations suggesting that not only nematodes but also mites might be encapsulated in shells. Infection levels varied between morphs, with darker snails harbouring fewer nematodes. Behaviour (movement and food intake) was linked to nematode, but not trematode infection. Individuals with higher nematode load ate less, irrespective of morph and population. The most-infected morph (unbanded snails) showed reduced activity in the nematode-infected population compared to the one that was nematode-free at sampling time. As a result, parasites may cancel previously described behavioural differences between morphs. We discuss the possible mechanisms explaining morph-dependent responses to parasites, and how parasite risk may be an unseen force shaping C. nemoralis morph variation in space and time. We conclude on the possible ecological consequences of the link, mediated by shell colour, between thermal and immune responses.
Published: 2022
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5. Boldness and exploration vary between shell morphs but not environmental contexts in the snail Cepaea nemoralis

Author: Valentin Gaudu, Maxime Dahirel, Armelle Ansart, Ecosystèmes, biodiversité, évolution [Rennes] (ECOBIO), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR)-Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES), Institut Sophia Agrobiotech (ISA), Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (... - 2019) (UNS), COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (1965 - 2019) (UNS)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, genetic structures, media_common.quotation_subject, Gastropoda, Context (language use), Biology, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Predation, Behavioral syndrome, behavioral syndromes, Behavioral ecology, 0501 psychology and cognitive sciences, 050102 behavioral science & comparative psychology, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, media_common, shell color, Boldness, 05 social sciences, fungi, temperature, biology.organism_classification, animal personality, Evolutionary biology, multivariate multilevel model, Cepaea, Trait, Animal Science and Zoology, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, psychological phenomena and processes
Abstract: International audience; Understanding the maintenance of among-individual behavioral variation in populations and predicting its consequences are key challenges in behavioral ecology. Studying the association between repeatable behaviors and other traits under selection may shed light on the underlying selective pressures. We used the model snail Cepaea nemoralis to examine whether individual behavior is associated with shell morph, a key trait that has been extensively studied in the context of thermal tolerance and predator avoidance, and which is known to be under strict genetic control in this species. We quantified proxies of boldness and exploration in snails of three morphs coming from two habitats with different thermal contexts. We show that both behaviors were repeatable at the among-individual level (within-state R-boldness = 0.22 [95% credible interval: 0.15; 0.29]; R-exploration = 0.20 [0.15; 0.25]). Behavior was associated with shell morph, with the darker morph (five-banded) being consistently shyer and slower to explore. There was no evidence that thermal environment of origin influenced behavior. Snails became faster when test temperature increased; we found no evidence morphs differed in their thermal response. Boldness and exploration were correlated among individuals, forming a syndrome (r = 0.28 [0.10; 0.46]). The link we find between morph and boldness is compatible with visual selection by avian predators, assuming a positive association between boldness and morphological defense (phenotypic compensation hypothesis). The fact morph-behaviors associations are consistent across environments, despite selection on morph, hint to a possible underlying genetic origin. Finally, we discuss how our findings combined with decades of evolutionary research make C. nemoralis a very valuable model to study the evolution of behavior in response to environmental changes.
Published: 2021
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6. Urbanization drives cross‐taxon declines in abundance and diversity at multiple spatial scales

Author: Kristien I. Brans, Hans Matheve, Rose Sablon, Nicolas Debortoli, Koen Martens, Frederik Hendrickx, Lisa F. Baardsen, Andros T. Gianuca, Robby Stoks, Jessie M. T. Engelen, Katrien De Wolf, Dries Bonte, Erik Matthysen, Luc Lens, Caroline Souffreau, Fabio T. T. Hanashiro, Isa Schön, Jeroen Van Wichelen, Pieter Vanormelingen, Thierry Backeljau, Elena Piano, Ellen Decaestecker, Eveline Pinseel, Hans Van Dyck, Lynn Govaert, Luc De Meester, Janet Higuti, Diego Fontaneto, Maxime Dahirel, Thomas Merckx, Wim Vyverman, Marie Cours, Karine Van Doninck, Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences (RBINS), Ecosystèmes, biodiversité, évolution [Rennes] (ECOBIO), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR)-Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES), Universiteit Gent = Ghent University [Belgium] (UGENT), P07/4, Belgian Federal Science Policy Office, 45968/2012‐1, Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico, Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Universiteit Gent = Ghent University (UGENT), Dahirel, Maxime/0000-0001-8077-7765, Taquicava Hanashiro, Fabio, Toshiro/0000-0002-0965-0304, Piano, Elena, Souffreau, Caroline, Merckx, Thomas, Baardsen, Lisa F., Backeljau, Thierry, Bonte, Dries, Brans, Kristien, I, Cours, Marie, Dahirel, Maxime, Debortoli, Nicolas, Decaestecker, Ellen, De Wolf, Katrien, Engelen, Jessie M. T., Fontaneto, Diego, Gianuca, Andros T., Govaert, Lynn, Hanashiro, Fabio T. T., Higuti, Janet, Lens, Luc, Martens, Koen, Matheve, Hans, Matthysen, Erik, Pinseel, Eveline, Sablon, Rose, SCHON, Isa, Stoks, Robby, Van Doninck, Karine, Van Dyck, Hans, Vanormelingen, Pieter, Van Wichelen, Jeroen, Vyverman, Wim, De Meester, Luc, Hendrickx, Frederik, and Biology
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Ecologie [animale], Biodiversity, Beta diversity, Evolution des espèces, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Environmental Science(all), Abundance (ecology), Animals, Environmental Chemistry, insect decline, Biology, Relative species abundance, Ecosystem, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, General Environmental Science, biodiversity, Global and Planetary Change, spatial scale, Ecology, Urbanization, Species diversity, land use, 15. Life on land, biotic homogenization, Coleoptera, Chemistry, diversity partitioning, urban ecology, Geography, Urban ecology, Spatial ecology, Species richness, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, Biologie, Butterflies, Sciences exactes et naturelles
Abstract: The increasing urbanization process is hypothesized to drastically alter (semi-)natural environments with a concomitant major decline in species abundance and diversity. Yet, studies on this effect of urbanization, and the spatial scale at which it acts, are at present inconclusive due to the large heterogeneity in taxonomic groups and spatial scales at which this relationship has been investigated among studies. Comprehensive studies analysing this relationship across multiple animal groups and at multiple spatial scales are rare, hampering the assessment of how biodiversity generally responds to urbanization. We studied aquatic (cladocerans), limno-terrestrial (bdelloid rotifers) and terrestrial (butterflies, ground beetles, ground- and web spiders, macro-moths, orthopterans and snails) invertebrate groups using a hierarchical spatial design, wherein three local-scale (200 m x 200 m) urbanization levels were repeatedly sampled across three landscape-scale (3 km x 3 km) urbanization levels. We tested for local and landscape urbanization effects on abundance and species richness of each group, whereby total richness was partitioned into the average richness of local communities and the richness due to variation among local communities. Abundances of the terrestrial active dispersers declined in response to local urbanization, with reductions up to 85% for butterflies, while passive dispersers did not show any clear trend. Species richness also declined with increasing levels of urbanization, but responses were highly heterogeneous among the different groups with respect to the richness component and the spatial scale at which urbanization impacts richness. Depending on the group, species richness declined due to biotic homogenization and/or local species loss. This resulted in an overall decrease in total richness across groups in urban areas. These results provide strong support to the general negative impact of urbanization on abundance and species richness within habitat patches and highlight the importance of considering multiple spatial scales and taxa to assess the impacts of urbanization on biodiversity. Belgian Science Policy Office, Grant/Award Number: P07/4; Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cientifico e Tecnologico, Grant/Award Number: 45968/2012-1 Piano, E (reprint author), Univ Turin, Dept Life Sci & Syst Biol, Turin, Italy. elena.piano@unito.it
Published: 2020
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7. Bottom-up and top-down control of dispersal across major organismal groups

Author: Chelsea J. Little, Florian Altermatt, Simon Blanchet, Oliver Kaltz, Alexis S. Chaine, Frederik De Laender, Delphine Legrand, Laurane Winandy, Luc Madec, Lucie Di Gesu, Stefano Masier, Emanuel A. Fronhofer, Jonathan De Raedt, Alexandre Vong, A. Ansart, Staffan Jacob, Florent Manzi, Julien Cote, Dries Bonte, Frank Pennekamp, Félix Pellerin, Estelle Laurent, Nicolas Schtickzelle, Lieven Therry, Maxime Dahirel, University of Zurich, Fronhofer, Emanuel A, Swiss Federal Insitute of Aquatic Science and Technology [Dübendorf] (EAWAG), Institut des Sciences de l'Evolution de Montpellier (UMR ISEM), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR226-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Universität Zürich [Zürich] = University of Zurich (UZH), Station d'écologie théorique et expérimentale (SETE), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Ecosystèmes, biodiversité, évolution [Rennes] (ECOBIO), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR)-Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES), Evolution et Diversité Biologique (EDB), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Universiteit Gent = Ghent University [Belgium] (UGENT), Université Catholique de Louvain = Catholic University of Louvain (UCL), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Universiteit Gent = Ghent University (UGENT), and UCL - SST/ELI/ELIB - Biodiversity
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Metacommunity, Ecology (disciplines), Population Dynamics, Models, Biological, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, 10127 Institute of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies, Animals, Ecosystem, Control (linguistics), Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, Hymenostomatida, Local adaptation, Ecology, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, Top-down and bottom-up design, Invertebrates, 1105 Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, Geography, Vertebrates, 570 Life sciences, biology, 590 Animals (Zoology), Biological dispersal, Animal Migration, Evolutionary ecology, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, Cryptophyta, 2303 Ecology
Abstract: International audience; Ecology and evolution unfold in spatially structured communities, where dispersal links dynamics across scales. Because dispersal is multicausal, identifying general drivers remains challenging. In a coordinated distributed experiment spanning organisms from protozoa to vertebrates, we tested whether two fundamental determinants of local dynamics, top-down and bottom-up control, generally explain active dispersal. We show that both factors consistently increased emigration rates and use metacommunity modelling to highlight consequences on local and regional dynamics.
Published: 2018
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8. Transdisciplinary Bioblitz: Rapid biotic and abiotic inventory allows studying environmental changes over 60 years at the Biological Field Station of Paimpont (Brittany, France) and opens new interdisciplinary research opportunities

Author: Jérémie Blémus, Cécile Monard, Régis Supper, Elora Benezeth, Alain Rissel, Guillaume Humbert, Philippe Vernon, Julien Pétillon, Myriam Bormans, Astrid Bütof, Glenn F Dubois, Maël Garrin, Eric Collias, Annegret Nicolai, Hughes Chedanne, Martin Potthoff, Hoël Hotte, Claudia Wiegand, Olivier Norvez, Barbara Mai, Pascaline Le Gouar, Cécile Le Lann, Christophe Piscart, Benoît Froger, Daniel Cluzeau, Grégoire Perez, Thomas Dubos, Tiphaine Ouisse, Sébastien Dugravot, Morgane Hervé, Maxime Poupelin, Dominique Vallet, Sarah Guillocheau, Grégoire Loïs, Kévin Tougeron, Guillaume Bouger, Alexandrine Pannard, Odile Marie-Réau, Gaëlle Richard, Pierre Devogel, Céline Rochais, Erik Welk, Manon Balbi, Lou Barbe, Jean-Pierre Caudal, Yann Rantier, Joël Esnault, Vincent Jung, Muriel Guernion, Lina Sene, Mathurin Carnet, Alain Bellido, Maryvonne Charrier, Kevin Hoeffner, Dominique Marguerie, Daniel Cylly, Valérie Briand, Mathieu Santonja, Audrey Chambet, Clément Gouraud, Jacques-Olivier Farcy, Maxime Dahirel, Alain Butet, Khaoula Ayati, Nelly Ménard, Station Biologique de Paimpont CNRS UMR 6653 (OSUR), Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES), Ecosystèmes, biodiversité, évolution [Rennes] (ECOBIO), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR)-Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Centre de recherche en économie et management (CREM), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU), Centre d'Ecologie et des Sciences de la COnservation (CESCO), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), UMS 3343 (OSU), Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR), Géoarchitecture : Territoires, Urbanisation, Biodiversité, Environnement, Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Brest (UBO), Laboratoire de Météorologie Dynamique (UMR 8539) (LMD), Département des Géosciences - ENS Paris, École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École des Ponts ParisTech (ENPC)-École polytechnique (X)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC), Centre de Recherches Historiques de l'Ouest (CERHIO), Le Mans Université (UM)-Université d'Angers (UA)-Université de Bretagne Sud (UBS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), GRoupe d'ÉTude des Invertébrés Armoricains (GRETIA), Commission de culture scientifique et technique, Conservatoire Botanique National de Brest (CBN), SAD Paysage (SAD Paysage), AGROCAMPUS OUEST, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Martin-Luther-Universität Halle Wittenberg (MLU), Cercle Naturaliste des Etudiants Rennais (CNER), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES), Bretagne Vivante - Société pour l'Etude et la Protection de la Nature en Bretagne (SEPNB), Ethologie animale et humaine (EthoS), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Georg-August-University [Göttingen], Université de Carthage - University of Carthage, Encyclopédie de Brocéliande, Institut méditerranéen de biodiversité et d'écologie marine et continentale (IMBE), Avignon Université (AU)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UMR237-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Rennes (UR), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Université de Rennes (UR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Université de Rennes (UR)-Université de Brest (UBO), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-École des Ponts ParisTech (ENPC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Département des Géosciences - ENS Paris, École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL), Le Mans Université (UM)-Université d'Angers (UA)-Université de Bretagne Sud (UBS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-AGROCAMPUS OUEST, Chercheur indépendant, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 - UFR de Médecine Pierre et Marie Curie (UPMC), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC), Bretagne Vivante, Georg-August-University = Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, UCL - SST/ELI/ELIB - Biodiversity, Université de Brest (UBO)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), AGROCAMPUS OUEST-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UMR237-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Avignon Université (AU)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, 0301 basic medicine, Range (biology), photographical landscape observation, Biodiversity & Conservation, Biodiversity, physico-chemical parameters, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, soil biota, 03 medical and health sciences, historical biodiversity data, terrestrial, multi-trophic sampling, citizen science, Ecology & Environmental sciences, Citizen science, Animalia, Protozoa, Plantae, lcsh:QH301-705.5, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, Aquatic biology, Abiotic component, Chromista, Bacteria, Ecology, Land use, long-term survey, Fungi, land use, Plant community, aquatic, 15. Life on land, Data Paper (Biosciences), plant communities, Europe, 030104 developmental biology, Geography, Habitat, lcsh:Biology (General), ATBI, 13. Climate action, BioBlitz, multi-habitat cartography, aqua, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology
Abstract: International audience; Background - The Biological Field Station of Paimpont (Station Biologique de Paimpont, SBP), owned by the University of Rennes and located in the Brocéliande Forest of Brittany (France), has been hosting student scientific research and field trips during the last 60 years. The study area of the SBP is a landscape mosaic of 17 ha composed of gorse moors, forests, prairies, ponds and creeks. Land use has evolved over time. Historical surveys by students and researchers focused on insects and birds. With this study, we aimed to increase the range of taxa observations, document changes in species composition and landscape and provide a basis for interdisciplinary research perspectives. We gathered historical data, implemented an all-taxon biodiversity inventory (ATBI) in different habitats of the SBP study area, measured abiotic factors in the air, water and soil and performed a photographical landscape observation during the BioBlitz held in July 2017. New information - During the 24 h BioBlitz, organised by the SBP and the EcoBio lab from the University of Rennes and the French National Center of Scientific Research (CNRS), different habitats were individually sampled. Seventy-seven experts, accompanied by 120 citizens and 12 young people participating in the European Volunteer Service, observed, identified and databased 660 species covering 5 kingdoms, 8 phyla, 21 classes, 90 orders and 247 families. In total, there were 1819 occurrences including records identified to higher taxon ranks, thereby adding one more kingdom and four more phyla. Historical data collection resulted in 1176 species and 4270 occurrences databased. We also recorded 13 climatic parameters, 10 soil parameters and 18 water parameters during the BioBlitz. Current habitats were mapped and socio-ecological landscape changes were assessed with a diachronic approach using 32 historical photographs and historical maps. The coupling of historical biodiversity data with new biotic and abiotic data and a photographic comparison of landscape changes allows an integrative understanding of how the SBP changed from agriculturally-used land to a managed natural area within the last 60 years. Hence, this BioBlitz represents an important holistic sampling of biodiversity for studies on trophic webs or on trophic interactions or on very diverse, but connected, habitats. The integration of social, biotic and abiotic data opens innovative research opportunities on the evolution of socio-ecosystems and landscapes.
Published: 2020
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9. The distinct phenotypic signatures of dispersal and stress in an arthropod model: from physiology to life history

Author: Stefano Masier, Dries Bonte, David Renault, Maxime Dahirel, Universiteit Gent = Ghent University (UGENT), Ecosystèmes, biodiversité, évolution [Rennes] (ECOBIO), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), G.018017N, Fonds Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut Universitaire de France, Fondation Fyssen, Universiteit Gent = Ghent University [Belgium] (UGENT), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR)-Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), and Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Dispersal syndrome, Physiology, 030310 physiology, Foraging, Population, Zoology, Aquatic Science, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, 03 medical and health sciences, Biotic stress, Stress, Physiological, Spider mite, Animals, Metabolic profiling, Tetranychus urticae, education, Life History Traits, Molecular Biology, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, 030304 developmental biology, 0303 health sciences, education.field_of_study, Herbivore, biology, Stressor, Fecundity, biology.organism_classification, Phenotype, Insect Science, Amino acids, Biological dispersal, Philopatry, Female, Animal Science and Zoology, Arthropod, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, Energy Metabolism, Tetranychidae, Animal Distribution
Abstract: Dispersing individuals are expected to encounter costs during transfer and in the novel environment, and may also have experienced stress in their natal patch. Given this, a non-random subset of the population should engage in dispersal and eventually show divergent stress-related responses towards new conditions. Dispersal allows escape from stress, but is equally subjecting individuals to it.Physiological shifts expressed in the metabolome form a major part of responses to stress exposure and are expected to be associated with the dispersal phenotype, thereby shaping physiological dispersal syndromes. We analyzed how metabolic profiles and life-history traits varied between dispersers and residents of the model two-spotted spider miteTetranychus urticae, and whether and how these syndromes varied with exposure to a stressful new host plant (tomato). Regardless of the effect of host plant, we found a physiological dispersal syndrome where, relative to philopatric individuals, dispersers were characterized by lower leaf consumption rates and a lower concentration of several amino acids, indicating a potential dispersal-foraging trade-off. As a possible consequence of this lower food intake, dispersers also showed a lower reproductive performance. Responses to tomato exposure were consistent with this plant being a stressor forTetranychus urticae, including reduced fecundity and reduced feeding by mites. Tomato-exposed mites laid larger eggs, which can be interpreted as a plastic response to food stress, increasing the likelihood of survival to maturity. Contrary to what could be expected from the costs of dispersal and stress resistance and from previous meta-population level studies, there was no interaction between dispersal status and host plant for any of the examined traits, indicating that the impacts of a new stressful host plant are equally incurred by residents and dispersers.We thus provide novel insights in the processes that shape dispersal and the putative feedbacks on ecological dynamics in spatially structured populations.
Published: 2019
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10. Urbanization-driven changes in web-building and body size in an orb-web spider

Author: Maarten De Cock, Pieter Vantieghem, Dries Bonte, Maxime Dahirel, Universiteit Gent = Ghent University [Belgium] (UGENT), Ecosystèmes, biodiversité, évolution [Rennes] (ECOBIO), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR)-Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES), Federaal Wetenschapsbeleid, Fondation Fyssen, Universiteit Gent = Ghent University (UGENT), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR), and Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Environmental change, Acclimatization, fecundity, Foraging, Population, spider web, adaptation, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, foraging, Urbanization, 11. Sustainability, Animals, Body Size, Humans, education, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, education.field_of_study, biology, Ecology, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, Spiders, Araneus diadematus, multivariate mixed model, 15. Life on land, biology.organism_classification, Phenotype, temperature-size rule, Spatial ecology, Trait, Animal Science and Zoology, Adaptation, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology
Abstract: International audience; 1.In animals, behavioural responses may play an important role in determining population persistence in the face of environmental changes. Body size is a key trait central to many life history traits and behaviours. Correlations with body size may constrain behavioural variation in response to environmental changes, especially when size itself is influenced by environmental conditions. 2.Urbanization is an important human-induced rapid environmental change that imposes multiple selection pressures on both body size and (size-constrained) behaviour. How these combine to shape behavioural responses of urban-dwelling species is unclear. 3.Using web-building, an easily quantifiable behaviour linked to body size, and the garden spider Araneus diadematus as a model, we evaluated direct behavioural responses to urbanization and body size constraints across a network of 63 selected populations differing in urbanization intensity. We additionally studied urbanization at two spatial scales to account for some environmental pressures varying across scales and to obtain first qualitative insights about the role of plasticity and genetic selection. 4.Spiders were smaller in highly urbanized sites (local scale only), in line with expectations based on reduced prey biomass availability and the Urban Heat Island effect. Web surface and mesh width decreased with urbanization at the local scale, while web surface also increased with urbanization at the landscape scale. The latter two responses are expected to compensate, at least in part, for reduced prey biomass availability in cities. The use of multivariate mixed modelling reveals that although web traits and body size are correlated within populations, behavioural responses to urbanization do not appear to be constrained by size there is no evidence of size-web correlations among populations or among landscapes, and web traits appear independent from each other. 5.Our results demonstrate that responses in size-dependent behaviours may be decoupled from size changes, thereby allowing fitness maximisation in novel environments. The spatial scale at which traits respond suggests contributions of both genetic adaptation (for web investment) and plasticity (for mesh width). Although fecundity decreased with local-scale urbanization, Araneus diadematus abundances were similar across urbanization gradients; behavioural responses thus appear overall successful at the population level.
Published: 2019
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11. Dispersers are more likely to follow mucus trails in the land snail Cornu aspersum

Author: Maxime Dahirel, Alexandre Vong, Armelle Ansart, Ecosystèmes, biodiversité, évolution [Rennes] (ECOBIO), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR)-Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES), Universiteit Gent = Ghent University [Belgium] (UGENT), Fyssen Foundation, Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Universiteit Gent = Ghent University (UGENT)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Resource (biology), Snails, Snail, Biology, Models, Biological, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Life history theory, Dispersal syndromes, 03 medical and health sciences, Social information, biology.animal, Animals, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, Y-maze, 030304 developmental biology, 0303 health sciences, Ecology, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, Costs of movement, Land snail, General Medicine, biology.organism_classification, Mucus, Habitat, Energy expenditure, Biological dispersal, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, Animal Distribution, Cornu aspersum
Abstract: Dispersal, i.e. movement leading to gene flow, is a fundamental although costly life history trait. The use of indirect social information may help mitigate these costs, yet in many cases little is known about the proximate sources of such information, and how dispersers and residents may differ in their information use. Land gastropods, which have a high cost of movement and obligatorily leave information potentially exploitable by conspecifics during movement (through mucus trails), are a good model to investigate links between dispersal costs and information use. We used Y-mazes to see whether dispersers and residents differed in their trail-following propensity, in the snail Cornu aspersum. Dispersers followed mucus trails more frequently than expected by chance, contrary to non-dispersers. Ignoring dispersal status during tests would lead to falsely conclude to no trail-following for the majority of ecologically realistic scenarios. Trail following by dispersers may reduce dispersal costs by reducing energy expenditure and helping snails find existing patches. Finally, we point that ignoring the potential for collective dispersal provided by trail-following abilities may lead to wrong inferences on the demographic and genetic consequences of dispersal.
Published: 2018
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12. Body-size shifts in aquatic and terrestrial urban communities

Author: Lisa F. Baardsen, Katrien De Wolf, Koenraad Martens, Hans Van Dyck, Diego Fontaneto, Maxime Dahirel, Luc Lens, Frederik Hendrickx, Isa Schön, Thomas Merckx, Nicolas Debortoli, Dries Bonte, Aurélien Kaiser, Lynn Govaert, Elena Piano, Kristien I. Brans, Luc De Meester, Erik Matthysen, Hans Matheve, Janet Higuti, Caroline Souffreau, Karine Van Doninck, Marie Cours, Andros T. Gianuca, Jessie M. T. Engelen, Rose Sablon, T Backeljau, Biology, Université Catholique de Louvain ( UCL ), Laboratory of Aquatic Ecology, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven ( KU Leuven ), University of Antwerp ( UA ), Evolutionary Ecology Group, Department of Biology, Terrestrial Ecology Unit, Ghent University [Belgium] ( UGENT ), Aquatic and Terrestrial Ecology, Operational Directorate Natural Environment, Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences ( RBINS ), Ecosystèmes, biodiversité, évolution [Rennes] ( ECOBIO ), Université de Rennes 1 ( UR1 ), Université de Rennes ( UNIV-RENNES ) -Université de Rennes ( UNIV-RENNES ) -INEE-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes ( OSUR ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Biologie environnementale et évolutive ( URBE ), Département de Biologie, Université de Namur [Namur]-Université de Namur [Namur], Spanish National Research Council ( CSIC ), German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research ( UFZ ), State University of Maringá, University of Turin, Université Catholique de Louvain = Catholic University of Louvain (UCL), Catholic University of Leuven - Katholieke Universiteit Leuven (KU Leuven), University of Antwerp (UA), Universiteit Gent = Ghent University (UGENT), Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences (RBINS), Ecosystèmes, biodiversité, évolution [Rennes] (ECOBIO), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Biologie environnementale et évolutive (URBE), Université de Namur [Namur] (UNamur)-Université de Namur [Namur] (UNamur), Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), Helmholtz Zentrum für Umweltforschung = Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research (UFZ), Università degli studi di Torino = University of Turin (UNITO), Universiteit Gent = Ghent University [Belgium] (UGENT), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR)-Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), and Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Aquatic Organisms, Hot Temperature, MOTHS, Climate, 01 natural sciences, Body Size, Multidisciplinary, Habitat fragmentation, Ecology, Biodiversity, URBANIZATION, Multidisciplinary Sciences, Urban ecology, Habitat, Science & Technology - Other Topics, Urban communities, Engineering sciences. Technology, Biologie, ORGANISMS, Sciences exactes et naturelles, DISPERSAL ABILITY, Animals, Ecosystem, Urbanization, METABOLIC THEORY, Biology, Evolution des espèces, ECOLOGY, 010603 evolutionary biology, Body-size, BUTTERFLIES, Urban ecosystem function, PLANT, [ SDE.BE ] Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, Science & Technology, Community, Ecologie, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, Fragmentation (computing), 15. Life on land, general, Ecological networks, Biological dispersal, BIODIVERSITY, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, Urban ecosystem, RESPONSES
Abstract: Body size is intrinsically linked to metabolic rate and life-history traits, and is a crucial determinant of food webs and community dynamics 1,2. The increased temperatures associated with the urban-heat-island effect result in increased metabolic costs and are expected to drive shifts to smaller body sizes 3. Urban environments are, however, also characterized by substantial habitat fragmentation 4 , which favours mobile species. Here, using a replicated, spatially nested sampling design across ten animal taxonomic groups, we show that urban communities generally consist of smaller species. In addition, although we show urban warming for three habitat types and associated reduced community-weighted mean body sizes for four taxa, three taxa display a shift to larger species along the urbanization gradients. Our results show that the general trend towards smaller-sized species is overruled by filtering for larger species when there is positive covariation between size and dispersal, a process that can mitigate the low connectivity of ecological resources in urban settings 5. We thus demonstrate that the urban-heat-island effect and urban habitat fragmentation are associated with contrasting community-level shifts in body size that critically depend on the association between body size and dispersal. Because body size determines the structure and dynamics of ecological networks 1 , such shifts may affect urban ecosystem function. Body size is a fundamental species trait relating to space use and key life-history features such as longevity and fecundity 6. It also drives interspecific relationships, thus affecting ecological network dynamics 1. Size-biased species loss has profound effects on ecosystem function 7,8. Ectotherms rely on ambient conditions to achieve operational body temperatures 9. Because higher ambient temperature increases metabolic rates and the associated costs for a given body size 2 , global climatic warming is expected to drive shifts to communities consisting of smaller species 3. Our planet is urbanizing quickly 10 , which is a primary example of human-induced rapid environmental change. Cities are urban heat islands characterized by increased temperatures that are decades ahead of global averages 11. Not only are cities warmer than surrounding areas, but they also experience extensive fragmentation of (semi-)natural habitats , and both of these effects increase with percentage built-up cover (BUC; a proxy for urbanization) 12,13. This provides an opportunity to study the opposing effects of size-dependent thermal tolerance and dispersal capacity, as larger body size favours dispersal in some, but not all, taxa. Here we test the hypothesis that urbanization causes shifts in community level body size, and that these shifts are dictated by the community specific association between body size and dispersal. We generally expect the urban-heat-island effect to drive shifts to species with smaller body sizes in communities of ectothermic species, in line with Atkinson's temperature-size rule 14. For taxa characterized by a positive association between body size and dispersal, however, we also expect a filtering in favour of larger-bodied species associated with habitat fragmentation 5,15. Filtering for increased mobility has been demonstrated for urban ground beetle and plant communities 16,17. Hence, for taxa characterized by a positive body-size-dispersal link, we predict that the general community-level pattern of smaller species with increasing urbanization may be neutralized or even reversed. To test our hypothesis, we engaged in an analysis of community-level shifts in body size across a broad range of both terrestrial and aquatic taxa along the same systematically sampled urbanization gradients. We studied the direction of change of community-level body size in ten taxa using a replicated, highly standardized and nested sampling design that covers urbanization gradients at seven spatial scales (50-3,200 m radii; Fig. 1). We sampled each taxon at up to 81 sites, sampling 95,001 individuals from 702 species, with species-specific body size varying by a factor of 400 (0.2-80 mm; Extended Data Table 1). Three of the ten groups are characterized by a positive association between body size and dispersal capacity (see Extended Data Table 1). We show that the local temperature of pond, grassland and woodland habitats significantly increases with urbanization (linear mixed regression models, P
Published: 2018
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13. Kin competition accelerates experimental range expansion in an arthropod herbivore

Author: Emanuel A. Fronhofer, Martijn L. Vandegehuchte, Robby Stoks, Felix Moerman, Katrien Hilde Petra Van Petegem, Nicky Wybouw, Thomas Van Leeuwen, Dries Bonte, Maxime Dahirel, Universiteit Gent = Ghent University (UGENT), Universität Zürich [Zürich] = University of Zurich (UZH), Ecosystèmes, biodiversité, évolution [Rennes] (ECOBIO), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut des Sciences de l'Evolution de Montpellier (UMR ISEM), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR226-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics (IBED), Catholic University of Leuven - Katholieke Universiteit Leuven (KU Leuven), C16/17/002, KU Leuven, PF/2010/ 07, KU Leuven, Universiteit Gent, G053815N, FWO, Fonds Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek, Hercules Foundation, LEandRN, Lymphatic Education and Research Network, Department of Industry, Innovation and Science, Australian Government, LifeWatch – Niclas Öberg Foundation, Universiteit Gent = Ghent University [Belgium] (UGENT), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR)-Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES), and Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE)
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, 0106 biological sciences, relatedness, LIFE-HISTORY, Range (biology), media_common.quotation_subject, INBREEDING AVOIDANCE, ECO-EVOLUTIONARY DYNAMICS, Spatial sorting, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Competition (biology), 03 medical and health sciences, DISPERSAL, invasions, RAPID EVOLUTION, POPULATION SPREAD, Inbreeding avoidance, Animals, spatial sorting, Herbivory, experimental evolution, Arthropods, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, 030304 developmental biology, media_common, TETRANYCHUS-URTICAE, Experimental evolution, 0303 health sciences, Herbivore, biology, Ecology, 2-SPOTTED SPIDER-MITE, TRADE-OFFS, RECOGNITION, Biology and Life Sciences, Genetic Variation, Tetranychus urticae, biology.organism_classification, 030104 developmental biology, Biological dispersal, Arthropod, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, Tetranychidae
Abstract: With ongoing global change, life is continuously forced to move to novel areas, which leads to dynamically changing species ranges. As dispersal is central to range dynamics, factors promoting fast and distant dispersal are key to understanding and predicting species ranges. During range expansions, genetic variation is depleted at the expanding front. Such conditions should reduce evolutionary potential, while increasing kin competition. Organisms able to recognise relatives may be able to assess increased levels of relatedness at expanding range margins and to increase their dispersal in a plastic manner. Using individual-based simulations and experimental range expansions of a spider mite, we demonstrate that plastic responses to kin structure can be at least as important as evolution in driving range expansion speed. Because recognition of kin or kind is increasingly documented across the tree of life, we anticipate it to be a highly important but neglected driver of range expansions.
Published: 2018
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14. Intraspecific variation shapes community-level behavioral responses to urbanization in spiders

Author: Maxime Dahirel, Dries Bonte, Maarten De Cock, Jasper Dierick, Universiteit Gent = Ghent University (UGENT), Ecosystèmes, biodiversité, évolution [Rennes] (ECOBIO), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Belspo IAP project P7/04 SPEEDY (SPatial and environmental determinants of Eco-Evolutionary DYnamics: anthropogenic environments as a model), Fyssen Foundation grant, Universiteit Gent = Ghent University [Belgium] (UGENT), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR)-Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), and Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, media_common.quotation_subject, Foraging, spider web, Context (language use), Biology, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Intraspecific competition, foraging, Urbanization, human-induced recent environmental changes, 11. Sustainability, Animals, Ecosystem, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, media_common, Ecology, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, [SDV.BID.EVO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biodiversity/Populations and Evolution [q-bio.PE], Spiders, variation partitioning, Phenotype, ecosystem functioning, plasticity, Trait, Spatial ecology, Psychological resilience, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology
Abstract: International audience; Urban areas are an extreme example of human-changed environments, exposing organisms to multiple and strong selection pressures. Adaptive behavioral responses are thought to play a major role in animals' success or failure in such new environments. Approaches based on functional traits have proven especially valuable to understand how species communities respond to environmental gradients. Until recently, they have, however, often ignored the potential consequences of intraspecific trait variation (ITV). When ITV is prevalent, it may highly impact ecological processes and resilience against stressors. This may be especially relevant in animals, in which behavioral traits can be altered very flexibly at the individual level to track environmental changes. We investigated how species turnover and ITV influenced community-level behavioral responses in a set of 62 sites of varying levels of urbanization, using orb web spiders and their webs as models of foraging behavior. ITV alone explained around one-third of the total trait variation observed among communities. Spider web structure changed according to urbanization, in ways that increase the capture efficiency of webs in a context of smaller urban prey. These trait shifts were partly mediated by species turnover, but ITV increased their magnitude, potentially helping to buffer the effects of environmental changes on communities. The importance of ITV varied depending on traits and on the spatial scale at which urbanization was considered. Despite being neglected from community-level analyses in animals, our results highlight the importance of accounting for intraspecific trait variation to fully understand trait responses to (human-induced) environmental changes and their impact on ecosystem functioning.
Published: 2017
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15. Individual boldness is life stage-dependent and linked to dispersal in a hermaphrodite land snail

Author: Luc Madec, Maxime Dahirel, Alexandre Vong, Armelle Ansart, Ecosystèmes, biodiversité, évolution [Rennes] (ECOBIO), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Department of Biology, Terrestrial Ecology Unit, Universiteit Gent = Ghent University (UGENT), MD was a Fyssen Foundation postdoctoral fellow during this research, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR)-Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES), and Universiteit Gent = Ghent University [Belgium] (UGENT)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, media_common.quotation_subject, Life histories, Context (language use), ECOLOGY, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Life history theory, Age, Hermaphrodite, 0501 psychology and cognitive sciences, 050102 behavioral science & comparative psychology, Evolutionary dynamics, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, media_common, CONSEQUENCES, biology, Boldness, Ecology, 05 social sciences, Land snail, Biology and Life Sciences, ONTOGENY, Dispersal costs, biology.organism_classification, EVOLUTION, Animal personality, ANIMAL PERSONALITIES, Biological dispersal, Behavioural syndromes, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, REPEATABILITY, Cornu aspersum, BEHAVIOR
Abstract: Both individual variation in dispersal tendency and animal personalities have been shown to be widespread in nature. They are often associated in personality-dependent dispersal, and both have major but underappreciated consequences for ecological and evolutionary dynamics. In addition, personalities are not stable over time and changes can appear through ontogeny, leading to life stage-dependent behaviours. We investigated relationships between dispersal, life stage and boldness in an invertebrate with between- and within-life stages variation in dispersal tendency, the land snail Cornu aspersum. Latency to exit the shell following a simulated attack was repeatable, indicating boldness is a personality trait in Cornu aspersum. Subadults were bolder and more dispersive than adults. Dispersers were bolder than non-dispersers, independently of boldness changes between life stages. We discuss how these results can be explained in relation with life history strategies in this hermaphrodite species, in particular risk management in the context of reproductive investment.
Published: 2017
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16. Dispersal: a central and independent trait in life history

Author: Dries Bonte, Maxime Dahirel, Department of Biology (Terrestrial Ecology Unit) (Ghent University), Universiteit Gent = Ghent University [Belgium] (UGENT), Ecosystèmes, biodiversité, évolution [Rennes] (ECOBIO), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR)-Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES), Terrestrial Ecology Group, Fyssen Foundation, FWO research network EVENET, Belspo IAP 'SPEEDY', Universiteit Gent = Ghent University (UGENT), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR), and Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, 0106 biological sciences, Seed dispersal, Ecology (disciplines), Population, Biodiversity, Context (language use), Biology, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Life history theory, 03 medical and health sciences, Evolutionary dynamics, education, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, Local adaptation, 030304 developmental biology, 0303 health sciences, education.field_of_study, Community, Ecology, 15. Life on land, 030104 developmental biology, Geography, Trait, Biological dispersal, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology
Abstract: The study of trade-offs among major life history components (age at maturity, lifespan and reproduction) allowed the development of a quantitative framework to understand how environmental variation shapes patterns of biodiversity among and within species.Because every environment is inherently spatially structured, and in most cases temporally variable, individuals need to move within and among habitats to maximize fitness. Dispersal is often assumed to be tightly integrated into life histories through genetic correlations with other vital traits. This assumption is particularly strong within the context of a fast-slow continuum of life-history variation. Such a framework is to date used to explain many aspects of population and community dynamics. Evidence for a consistent and context-independent integration of dispersal in life histories is, however, weak. We therefore advocate the explicit integration of dispersal into life history theory as a principal axis of variation influencing fitness, that is free to evolve, independently of other life history traits.We synthesize theoretical and empirical evidence on the central role of dispersal and its evolutionary dynamics on the spatial distribution of ecological strategies and its impact on population spread, invasions and coexistence. By applying an optimality framework we show that the inclusion of dispersal as an independent dimension of life histories might substantially change our view on evolutionary trajectories in spatially structured environments.Because changes in the spatial configuration of habitats affect the costs of movement and dispersal, adaptations to reduce these costs will increase phenotypic divergence among and within populations. We outline how this phenotypic heterogeneity is anticipated to further impact population and community dynamics.
Published: 2017
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17. Dispersal-related traits of the snail Cornu aspersum along an urbanisation gradient: maintenance of mobility across life stages despite high costs

Author: Luc Madec, Alice Séguret, Armelle Ansart, Maxime Dahirel, Ecosystèmes, biodiversité, évolution [Rennes] (ECOBIO), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Terrestrial Ecology Group, Universiteit Gent = Ghent University (UGENT), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR)-Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES), and Universiteit Gent = Ghent University [Belgium] (UGENT)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, body-size, Range (biology), media_common.quotation_subject, landscape connectivity, behavioral-responses, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Competition (biology), evolution, genetic-structure, media_common, biodiversity, Habitat fragmentation, Ecology, biology, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, helix-aspersa, metapopulation, 15. Life on land, biology.organism_classification, Urban Studies, Urban ecology, Geography, Habitat, Garden Snail, visual-stimuli, Biological dispersal, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, Cornu aspersum, perceptual range
Abstract: International audience; The extreme fragmentation of natural habitats due to urbanisation can influence the evolution of dispersal strategies in species persisting in cities. The brown garden snail Cornu aspersum is an anthropophilic species, capable of maintaining its populations in highly fragmented habitats despite a high cost of movement. In this species, we studied the variation of dispersal-related behaviours and traits along an urbanisation gradient characterised at two biologically relevant spatial scales (10 and 50 m), in order to identify the effects of habitat fragmentation on movement. The olfactory perceptual range was low, between 1 and 2.5 m, meaning that snails should perceive a large range of landscapes as fragmented. In line with previous results, subadults were more prone to explore than adults in the least urbanised populations. The boundary-crossing behaviour of subadults was not affected by urbanisation, while exploration propensity of adult snails increased with urbanisation at the 50 m (long-distance dispersal) scale, to reach subadult levels in more urban sites. Foot mass (a correlate of movement speed) and perceptual range were not affected by urbanisation. These results are interpreted in relation to the different levels of competition snails are likely to experience in different environments, the high risk of local extinction in urban fragmented landscapes, and the available opportunities for reproduction. They indicate that benefits of dispersal still need to be considered even in situations where movement costs are extremely important. The maintenance of relatively high mobility and its extension to the adult stage in response to anthropogenic changes may thus play a major role in the success of Cornu aspersum in urban habitats.
Published: 2016
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18. Context dependence of the olfactory perceptual range in the generalist land snail Cornu aspersum

Author: Alice Séguret, Maxime Dahirel, Luc Madec, Hanna Cholé, Armelle Ansart, Ecosystèmes, biodiversité, évolution [Rennes] (ECOBIO), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR)-Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR), and Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: habitat heterogeneity, détectabilité, media_common.quotation_subject, brown garden snail, Stimulus (physiology), hétérogénéité de l’habitat, Generalist and specialist species, orientation, Cornu aspersum, Perception, biais de réponse, dispersal, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, media_common, biology, Ecology, Land snail, 15. Life on land, escargot petit-gris, biology.organism_classification, detectability, Garden Snail, Biological dispersal, Animal Science and Zoology, dispersion, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, response bias
Abstract: International audience; Dispersal success in animals depends in part on their perceptual range, i.e., the distance from which they can acquireinformation about their environment. We studied how the olfactory perceptual range of a generalist species, the brown gardensnail (Cornu aspersum (Müller, 1774)), varied under controlled conditions depending on the context in which stimuli werepresented, whether alone or in the presence of another stimulus with opposite properties. Cornu aspersum preferentially orientthemselves towards small nettle (Urtica dioica L.) patches, a highly palatable plant, and move away from repulsive plants if thesestimuli are placed up to between 20 and 40 cm away from their starting point. A blend of palatable and repulsive plants, testedtogether, do not significantly influence the orientation of individuals in either direction. Cornu aspersum are thus capable ofdetecting and evaluating relatively small potential resource patches from a distance, enabling them to limit costly explorations,but this ability is context-dependent. These data could lead to a better understanding of the behaviour of C. aspersum in veryheterogeneous landscapes in relation to this species’ ability to colonise a wide range of anthropised and fragmented habitats.; Le succès de dispersion des animaux dépend en partie de leur domaine de perception, c’est-à-dire de la distance jusqu’à laquelle ils peuvent s’informer sur leur environnement. Nous avons étudié en conditions contrôlées comment le domaine de perception olfactif d’un escargot généraliste, le petit-gris (Cornu aspersum (Müller, 1774)), variait selon le contexte dans lequel un stimulus était présenté, seul ou en présence d’un autre stimulus aux propriétés opposées. Cornu aspersum s’orientent préférentiellement vers des patchs d’ortie (Urtica dioica L.), une plante très appétente, et s’éloignent des plantes répulsives si ces stimuli sont placés à moins de 20–40 cm de leur point de départ. Un mélange de ces deux types de plantes n’influence pas significativement l’orientation des individus aux distances étudiées. Ces résultats montrent que C. aspersum sont capables de détecter à distance des ressources potentielles de relativement petite taille et d’évaluer leur qualité, permettant de limiter des mouvements d’exploration coûteux, mais que cette capacité est contexte-dépendante. Ces données pourront permettre de mieux comprendre le comportement de C. aspersum en paysage très hétérogène en relation avec sa capacité à coloniser une large gamme d’habitats anthropisés et fragmentés.
Published: 2015
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19. Density-dependence across dispersal stages in a hermaphrodite land snail: insights from discrete choice models

Author: Michalis Vardakis, Armelle Ansart, Luc Madec, Maxime Dahirel, Ecosystèmes, biodiversité, évolution [Rennes] (ECOBIO), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Terrestrial Ecology Group, Universiteit Gent = Ghent University (UGENT), Evolutionary Ecology Group, University of Antwerp (UA), Ministère de l'Enseignement Supérieur et de la Recherche, TOP-BOF grant, University of Antwerp, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR)-Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES), and Universiteit Gent = Ghent University [Belgium] (UGENT)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, media_common.quotation_subject, Snails, Disorders of Sex Development, Biology, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Competition (biology), Hermaphrodite, Helix aspersa, Animals, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, Ecosystem, media_common, Discrete choice, conditional logit models, Ecology, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, Land snail, Models, Theoretical, biology.organism_classification, Crowding, Biological Evolution, terrestrial gastropods, Chemistry, Habitat, Biological dispersal, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, competition, Cornu aspersum, informed dispersal
Abstract: International audience; Dispersal movements, i.e. movements leading to gene flow, are key behaviours with important, but only partially understood, consequences for the dynamics and evolution of populations. In particular, density-dependent dispersal has been widely described, yet how it is determined by the interaction with individual traits, and whether density effects differ between the three steps of dispersal (departure, transience, and settlement), remains largely unknown. Using a semi-natural landscape, we studied dispersal choices of Cornu aspersum land snails, a species in which negative effects of crowding are well documented, and analysed them using dispersal discrete choice models, a new method allowing the analysis of dispersal decisions by explicitly considering the characteristics of all available alternatives and their interaction with individual traits. Subadults were more dispersive than adults, confirming existing results. In addition, departure and settlement were both density dependent: snails avoided crowded patches at both ends of the dispersal process, and subadults were more reluctant to settle into crowded patches than adults. Moreover, we found support for carry-over effects of release density on subsequent settlement decisions: snails from crowded contexts were more sensitive to density in their subsequent immigration choices. The fact that settlement decisions were informed indicates that costs of prospecting are not as important as previously thought in snails, and/or that snails use alternative ways to collect information, such as indirect social information (e.g. trail following). The observed density-dependent dispersal dynamics may play an important role in the ability of C. aspersum to successfully colonise frequently human-disturbed habitats around the world.
Published: 2015
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20. Movement propensity and ability correlate with ecological specialization in European land snails: comparative analysis of a dispersal syndrome

Author: Eric Olivier, Annie Guiller, Armelle Ansart, Marie-Claire Martin, Maxime Dahirel, Luc Madec, Ecosystèmes, biodiversité, évolution [Rennes] (ECOBIO), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR)-Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES), This work benefited from the ATBI (All Taxa Biodiversity Inventory) program from the Mercantour National Park and was partly supported by the MAPGEO project, funded by the INSU/INEE PALEO2 program of the Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)., Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR), and Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Molecular Sequence Data, Snails, Biology, Generalist and specialist species, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, 03 medical and health sciences, terrestrial molluscs, Species Specificity, niche breadth, Animals, costs of movement, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, Ecosystem, Phylogeny, 030304 developmental biology, Local adaptation, 0303 health sciences, Extinction, Habitat fragmentation, Ecology, phylogenetic signal, Sequence Analysis, DNA, 15. Life on land, Biological Evolution, Habitat destruction, Animal ecology, Biological dispersal, Animal Science and Zoology, Evolutionary ecology, France, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, Animal Distribution, local adaptation
Abstract: We thank the participants to the 9th ‘Ecology and Behaviour’ meeting (Strasbourg 2013) and to the ‘Movement and Dispersal’ conference (Aberdeen 2013) for their insightful comments on this work.; International audience; 1. Intra- and interspecific differences in movement behaviour play an important role in the ecology and evolution of animals, particularly in fragmented landscapes. As a consequence of rarer and generally more fragmented habitat, and because dispersal tends to disrupt benefitsbrought by local adaptation, theory predicts that mobility and dispersal should be counter-selected in specialists.2. Using experimental data and phylogenetic comparative tools, we analysed movement propensity and capacity, as well as dispersal-related phenotypic traits, in controlled conditions in 20 species of European land snails from the Helicoidea superfamily. Costs of movement interrestrial gastropods are among the highest in animals, which make them a potentially powerful model to test these predictions.3. Habitat specialists were indeed less likely to cross a boundary between a familiar and an unfamiliar substrate than generalists. They also had smaller feet, after accounting for size. Furthermore, exploring specialists were slower than generalists and had more tortuous trajectories,leading them to stay closer to the familiar patch. Movement traits were generally evolutionary labile, but some were constrained by body size, a phylogenetically conserved trait. 4. High specialization and low-dispersal ability are two traits often considered to increase species vulnerability to fragmentation, climate changes and extinction. This study confirms they should not be considered separately, due to their integration in a dispersal syndrome. Therefore, specialist species face double penalty under habitat loss and other environmental changes, making them more vulnerable to extinction and contributing to the biotic homogenization of communities.
Published: 2014
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21. Stage- and weather-dependent dispersal in the brown garden snail Cornu aspersum

Author: Armelle Ansart, Maxime Dahirel, Luc Madec, Stratégies Adaptatives et Dynamique spatiale des populations, Ecosystèmes, biodiversité, évolution [Rennes] (ECOBIO), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR)-Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR)-Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES), Stratégies évolutives et Dynamique spatiale des Populations, Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), and Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Natal dispersal, biology, Ecology, media_common.quotation_subject, Dispersal distances, Context (language use), Phenotype-dependent dispersal, biology.organism_classification, Intraspecific competition, Life history theory, Garden Snail, Inbreeding avoidance, Biological dispersal, Helix aspersa, Reproduction, Life-history strategies, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, Cornu aspersum, media_common
Abstract: International audience; Dispersal decisions are often condition-dependent, influenced by the interaction of individual phenotype and environmental conditions. Terrestrial Gastropods are simultaneous hermaphrodites, a reproductive system rarely studied in the context of dispersal. Moreover, the energetic cost of their movement is one of the highest among animals. Despite these features, which make them valuable models to understand the trade-offs between dispersal and other life-history traits, their dispersal strategies have been barely explored. We studied the movements of subadults and adults of the brown garden snail Cornu aspersum in a semi-natural 4-patch network, for 2 months in 2011 (a dry year) and 1 month in 2012 (a wet year). We assessed the effects of life-history stage (subadult/adult) and weather conditions on dispersal propensity and dispersal speed. Snails were more mobile under humid and warm weather, but nearly all individuals left patches when the relative humidity was close to 100 % in 2012. Because such humidity levels are potentially lethal to C. aspersum, we argue these extreme emigration rates might be an emergency escape response to harmful conditions. Despite a theoretically higher cost of movement, we found that subadults emigrated more, and dispersed faster and further, than adults. Thus, and contrary to what was expected, direct costs of movement do not play the main role in shaping dispersal in C. aspersum. Observed differences between subadults and adults in dispersal behaviour are discussed in the context of intraspecific competition, inbreeding avoidance and relative costs of male and female reproduction.
Published: 2014
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21 results on '"Maxime Dahirel"'

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21. Stage- and weather-dependent dispersal in the brown garden snail Cornu aspersum

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