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16 results on '"Eric Blond"'

1. Methodology for brick/mortar interface strength characterization at high temperature

Author

Matthieu Landreau, Emmanuel de Bilbao, Amna Rekik, Alain Gasser, Yannick Colleville, Eric Blond, Jérôme Brulin, Laboratoire de Mécanique Gabriel Lamé (LaMé), Université d'Orléans (UO)-Université de Tours-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Centre Val de Loire (INSA CVL), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA), Mécanique des Matériaux et Procédés (MMP), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Université de Tours-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Centre Val de Loire (INSA CVL), Université d'Orléans (UO)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Centre Val de Loire (INSA CVL), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Tours (UT), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Tours (UT)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Centre Val de Loire (INSA CVL), and CCSD, Accord Elsevier

Subjects
Brick, Materials science, business.industry, 0211 other engineering and technologies, 020101 civil engineering, 02 engineering and technology, Building and Construction, Masonry, 0201 civil engineering, [PHYS.MECA.MEMA]Physics [physics]/Mechanics [physics]/Mechanics of materials [physics.class-ph], Shear (geology), [PHYS.MECA.MEMA] Physics [physics]/Mechanics [physics]/Mechanics of materials [physics.class-ph], 021105 building & construction, Ultimate tensile strength, Cohesion (geology), General Materials Science, Composite material, Mortar, business, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Civil and Structural Engineering, Tensile testing
Abstract

The interface between bricks and mortar is often the weakest part of masonry structures. For refractory linings, the interface strength must be measured at high temperature. Adapted slant shear tests and a new dedicated tensile test set up are proposed here for this purpose. To test the ability of the proposed method, it was applied on two representative brick/mortar couples from room temperature up to 1450 °C. Slant shear tests were conducted to measure ultimate compression and shear stresses and to identify temperature dependent parameters of the Mohr-Coulomb failure criterion. Tensile tests were performed to identify the tensile cut-off. Depending on the brick/mortar couples, the failure can appear at the interface or in the mortar. Cohesion and tensile strength decrease sharply over 900 °C.

Published
2020

2. Experiments and nonlinear homogenization sustaining mean-field theories for refractory mortarless masonry: The classical secant procedure and its improved variants

Author

Amna Rekik, Alain Gasser, Sido Sinnema, Samir Allaoui, K. Andreev, Eric Blond, F2ME, Laboratoire Pluridisciplinaire de Recherche en Ingénierie des Systèmes, Mécanique et Energétique (PRISME), Université d'Orléans (UO)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure d'Ingénieurs de Bourges (ENSI Bourges)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure d'Ingénieurs de Bourges (ENSI Bourges), MMH, F2ME, Tata Steel, Tata Steel Europe, RD&T, Ceramic Research Centre, IJmuiden, Tata Steel Ltd-Tata Steel Ltd, PRISME-Tata Steel, and Rekik, Amna

Subjects
Digital image correlation, Viscoplasticity, Nonlinear homogenization, business.industry, Mechanical Engineering, General Physics and Astronomy, Structural engineering, Masonry, Homogenization (chemistry), [SPI.MECA.MEMA] Engineering Sciences [physics]/Mechanics [physics.med-ph]/Mechanics of materials [physics.class-ph], Finite element method, [PHYS.MECA.MEMA]Physics [physics]/Mechanics [physics]/Mechanics of materials [physics.class-ph], Nonlinear system, [PHYS.MECA.MEMA] Physics [physics]/Mechanics [physics]/Mechanics of materials [physics.class-ph], Mechanics of Materials, Linearization, Digital Image Correlation, Mortarless joint, [SPI.MECA.MEMA]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Mechanics [physics.med-ph]/Mechanics of materials [physics.class-ph], Compressibility, General Materials Science, business, Mathematics
Abstract

International audience; In order to support the optimization of mortarless brick linings of steel producing furnaces it is proposed in this paper to investigate only the compressibility of dry refractory joints. To this end, optical measurements based on the Digital Image Correlation method were carried out during compression of Magnesia-Carbon brick samples with dry joints. The second main objective is to assess the accuracy of the secant linearization schemes (the classical secant procedure and its modified extension) to reproduce the reference local and global behaviour of refractory mortarless linings accounting for the identified inelastic convex powerlaw behaviour of the Magnesia-Carbon dry joint. The reference nonlinear solution is obtained by means of finite elements method. Under normal compressive loading, unlike for usual (concave) power-law viscoplastic composites for which the secant schemes are known to provide too stiff results, it was found that the modified secant scheme leads to good overall predictions. The classical secant procedure underestimates the reference local and overall behaviour. To improve the latter result, an empirical improved secant formulation was proposed and implemented. It leads to better estimates at local and global levels.

Published
2015
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3. Numerical study of the effects of refractory lining geometries on the swelling induced by oxidation

Author

Nicolas Schmitt, Eric Blond, Tarek Merzouki, Université d'Orléans (UO), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Laboratoire de Mécanique et Technologie (LMT), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure - Cachan (ENS Cachan), Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12), F2ME, Laboratoire Pluridisciplinaire de Recherche en Ingénierie des Systèmes, Mécanique et Energétique (PRISME), Université d'Orléans (UO)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure d'Ingénieurs de Bourges (ENSI Bourges)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure d'Ingénieurs de Bourges (ENSI Bourges), F2ME/MMH, and École normale supérieure - Cachan (ENS Cachan)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
Materials science, chemistry.chemical_element, 02 engineering and technology, 01 natural sciences, Oxygen, [PHYS.MECA.MEMA]Physics [physics]/Mechanics [physics]/Mechanics of materials [physics.class-ph], chemistry.chemical_compound, [SPI]Engineering Sciences [physics], 0103 physical sciences, Silicon carbide, medicine, Ceramic, Composite material, Porosity, Refractory (planetary science), ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 010302 applied physics, Applied Mathematics, General Engineering, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Computer Graphics and Computer-Aided Design, Finite element method, chemistry, visual_art, visual_art.visual_art_medium, Swelling, medicine.symptom, 0210 nano-technology, Material properties, Analysis
Abstract

Finite element (FE) computations have been performed to analyze the thermo-chemo-mechanical behavior of SiC-based refractory parts in linings used in waste-to-energy plants. These parts are in contact on one side with smoke and ashes at high temperature, and on the other side with the pressurized vapor pipe. Three multi-layered lining designs have been studied: two with tiles and one with a concrete panel. A coupled model taking into account the transport of dioxygen in the gas through the porosity, the reaction of dioxygen in contact with silicon carbide particles and the formation of solid components gradually clogging the pores, has been implemented in the finite element code ABAQUS ? . These phenomena affect the mass diffusion rate of dioxygen through the refractory layer and induce a macroscopic swelling of the material. The analysis of the numerical results allows for a better understanding of the influence of the lining design and the nature of the ceramics on the lifespan of such refractory parts. HighlightsPaper proposes an analysis of behavior of SiC-based refractory linings which are subjected to a chemical environment.The model takes into account the transport of oxygen in the gas through the porosity.The model takes into account the chemical expansion induced by oxidation.Three designs of the lining are studied.The obtained results allow the highlighting of the design effect in relation with material properties.

Published
2016
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4. Compressive behaviour of dry joints in refractory ceramic masonry

Author

Sido Sinnema, K. Andreev, Eric Blond, Samir Allaoui, Alain Gasser, Amna Rekik, Tata Steel, Tata Steel Europe, RD&T, Ceramic Research Centre, IJmuiden, Tata Steel Ltd-Tata Steel Ltd, Tata Steel Ltd, F2ME, Laboratoire Pluridisciplinaire de Recherche en Ingénierie des Systèmes, Mécanique et Energétique (PRISME), and Université d'Orléans (UO)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure d'Ingénieurs de Bourges (ENSI Bourges)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure d'Ingénieurs de Bourges (ENSI Bourges)

Subjects
musculoskeletal diseases, Refractory materials, Materials science, 0211 other engineering and technologies, 020101 civil engineering, 02 engineering and technology, Thermal expansion, 0201 civil engineering, [PHYS.MECA.MEMA]Physics [physics]/Mechanics [physics]/Mechanics of materials [physics.class-ph], Stress (mechanics), [SPI.MECA.MEMA]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Mechanics [physics.med-ph]/Mechanics of materials [physics.class-ph], 021105 building & construction, medicine, General Materials Science, Ceramic, Composite material, Masonry, Joint (geology), Civil and Structural Engineering, Thermo-mechanics, business.industry, Dry joint behaviour, Stiffness, Building and Construction, Optical measurements Finite element modelling, Finite element method, visual_art, visual_art.visual_art_medium, Compressibility, medicine.symptom, business
Abstract

International audience; To support optimisation of refractory masonry structures compressibility of dry joints of magnesia-carbon and magnesia-chromite bricks have been investigated. Laboratory scale tests and finite element modelling have been performed. Measurements done in wide temperature range have shown that the exponential form of the joint closure curve results from gradual closure of initially non-parallel surfaces. The stress needed to close the joint was found to be proportional to the material stiffness. Temperature influences the joint closure by changing the stiffness of material and by reducing the initial joint gap due to thermal expansion.

Published
2012
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5. Experimental set up for the mechanical characterization of plane ITM membrane at high temperature

Author

Pierre-Marie Geffroy, Camille Gazeau, Jean Gillibert, Nicolas Richet, Eric Blond, Laboratoire Pluridisciplinaire de Recherche en Ingénierie des Systèmes, Mécanique et Energétique (PRISME), Ecole Nationale Supérieure d'Ingénieurs de Bourges (ENSI Bourges)-Université d'Orléans (UO), Axe 1 : procédés céramiques (SPCTS-AXE1), Science des Procédés Céramiques et de Traitements de Surface (SPCTS), Université de Limoges (UNILIM)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Céramique Industrielle (ENSCI)-Institut des Procédés Appliqués aux Matériaux (IPAM), Université de Limoges (UNILIM)-Université de Limoges (UNILIM)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Limoges (UNILIM)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Céramique Industrielle (ENSCI)-Institut des Procédés Appliqués aux Matériaux (IPAM), Université de Limoges (UNILIM)-Université de Limoges (UNILIM)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Air Liquide [Siège Social]

Subjects
Materials science, Ionic bonding, Young's modulus, [SPI.MECA.MSMECA]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Mechanics [physics.med-ph]/Materials and structures in mechanics [physics.class-ph], Characterization (materials science), [PHYS.MECA.MEMA]Physics [physics]/Mechanics [physics]/Mechanics of materials [physics.class-ph], symbols.namesake, Membrane, Ultimate tensile strength, Materials Chemistry, Ceramics and Composites, symbols, Composite material, Electrical conductor, Ion transporter, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Perovskite (structure)
Abstract

Mixed ionic and electronic conductors (MIEC) are promising materials for ion transport membrane (ITM) based technologies. A reliable design of these membranes requires a better knowledge of their macroscopic mechanical properties. These properties are linked to the composition of membrane materials, but also in a large part to the manufacturing process. Then, the mechanical characterization set-up must allow using specimen very similar in term of manufacturing process as the final parts in. The use of the diametric compression test on thin plates is investigated here, combined with full-field measurements. Guideline for sample size, solution for classical artifact and a dedicated I-DIC algorithm are proposed. Then, Young modulus and tensile strength of seven MIEC compositions of the lanthanum-ferrite perovskite series (La (1− x ) Sr x Fe (1− y ) Ga y O 3−δ , La 0.5 Ba 0.5 Fe 0.7 Co 0.3 O 3−δ and La 0.5 Ca 0.5 Fe 0.7 Co 0.3 O 3−δ ) were determined at room temperature and at 900 °C.

Published
2015
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6. Experimental characterization and modeling of GF/PP commingled yarns tensile behavior

Author

Gilles Hivet, Eric Blond, Jean-Emile Rocher, Jean Gillibert, Samir Allaoui, F2ME, Laboratoire Pluridisciplinaire de Recherche en Ingénierie des Systèmes, Mécanique et Energétique (PRISME), Université d'Orléans (UO)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure d'Ingénieurs de Bourges (ENSI Bourges)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure d'Ingénieurs de Bourges (ENSI Bourges), Institut de Thermique, Mécanique, Matériaux (ITheMM), Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA), and F2ME/MMH

Subjects
Materials science, strain rate, specimen length, Mechanical Engineering, Composite number, experimental protocol, 02 engineering and technology, Strain rate, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Commingled yarns, Characterization (materials science), [PHYS.MECA.MEMA]Physics [physics]/Mechanics [physics]/Mechanics of materials [physics.class-ph], 020303 mechanical engineering & transports, Tensile behavior, 0203 mechanical engineering, Mechanics of Materials, weaving damage, [SPI.MECA.MEMA]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Mechanics [physics.med-ph]/Mechanics of materials [physics.class-ph], Materials Chemistry, Ceramics and Composites, tensile behavior, Composite material, Specimen length, 0210 nano-technology
Abstract

International audience; Three-dimensional (3D) fabrics of commingled yarns offer the possibility of a low-cost and fast manufacturing of complex-shaped composite parts. Textile-reinforcement behavior during the forming process is very important since the appearance of defects (for example wrinkles, yarn misalignment or breakage) can significantly affect the mechanical properties of the final part. Experimental characterization of the mechanical behavior of textile-reinforcements is expensive, time consuming, and a large scattering of results is often observed. To overcome this, meso-scale modeling is an interesting method to study and understand the textile behavior at the unit cell level. To perform realistic simulations, an accurate modeling and, therefore, knowledge of the yarn mechanical behavior are needed. In this paper, a simple protocol is proposed and validated in order to investigate the tensile behavior of commingled polypropylene/glass yarns. Influence of specimen length and strain rate are highlighted. A comparison of tensile behavior of yarns before and after weaving is carried out in order to evaluate the weaving damage effect. Finally, a model describing the commingled yarn behavior is proposed. The parameters of the model are defined. Their dependency to strain rate, specimen length, and weaving damage are highlighted.

Published
2015
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7. Modelling of the Oxygen Transport through MIEC Membrane in Transient Stage

Author

N. Richet, Camille Gazeau, Thierry Chartier, Mickaël Reichmann, Pierre Marie Geffroy, Eric Blond, Laboratoire Pluridisciplinaire de Recherche en Ingénierie des Systèmes, Mécanique et Energétique (PRISME), Ecole Nationale Supérieure d'Ingénieurs de Bourges (ENSI Bourges)-Université d'Orléans (UO), Axe 1 : procédés céramiques, Science des Procédés Céramiques et de Traitements de Surface (SPCTS), Université de Limoges (UNILIM)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Céramique Industrielle (ENSCI)-Institut des Procédés Appliqués aux Matériaux (IPAM), Université de Limoges (UNILIM)-Université de Limoges (UNILIM)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Limoges (UNILIM)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Céramique Industrielle (ENSCI)-Institut des Procédés Appliqués aux Matériaux (IPAM), Université de Limoges (UNILIM)-Université de Limoges (UNILIM)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre de Recherche Claude Delorme [Jouy-en-Josas] (CRCD), Air Liquide [Siège Social], Université d'Orléans (UO)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure d'Ingénieurs de Bourges (ENSI Bourges), and Gazeau, Camille

Subjects
Surface Exchange, Materials science, Oxygen Permeation, Membrane, Energetic cost, Oxygen transport, Analytical chemistry, [CHIM.CATA] Chemical Sciences/Catalysis, Thermodynamics, chemistry.chemical_element, [CHIM.MATE]Chemical Sciences/Material chemistry, [SPI.MECA.MSMECA]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Mechanics [physics.med-ph]/Materials and structures in mechanics [physics.class-ph], [CHIM.CATA]Chemical Sciences/Catalysis, Oxygen, Isothermal process, Dissociation (chemistry), [PHYS.MECA.MEMA]Physics [physics]/Mechanics [physics]/Mechanics of materials [physics.class-ph], Adsorption, [PHYS.MECA.MEMA] Physics [physics]/Mechanics [physics]/Mechanics of materials [physics.class-ph], chemistry, [SPI.MECA.MSMECA] Engineering Sciences [physics]/Mechanics [physics.med-ph]/Materials and structures in mechanics [physics.class-ph], Mixed Ionics and Electronics Conductors, Voltage drop
Abstract

International audience; The transient stage is critical due to the stress induced by the chemical and thermal strain. In order to predict this strain, the oxygen activity field through the membrane needs to be known. Usually, the membrane is divided into three zones: the bulk where diffusion takes place and the two surfaces where exchanges between atmosphere and membrane take place. Oxygen bulk diffusion is well described by the Wagner theory. A consensus has not yet emerged regarding the surface exchange models proposed in the literature. Moreover, these models describe the permanent state, and cannot be extended to the transient stage. A new macroscopic surface exchange model which allows computing transient stage is proposed. This model assumed that the oxygen flux is governed by the association/dissociation of adsorbed oxygen and by the high energetic cost of oxygen reduction/oxidation. Then, the balance of transient specie only present on the surface is introduced to account for these two phenomena. The oxygen activity fields predicted by the proposed model are in agreement with the measures of chemical potential drop between the membrane and the atmosphere in permanent state. Transient stage measured during isothermal expansion test is partially reproduced.

Published
2014
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8. Multiphysics Modelling Applied to Refractory Behaviour in Severe Environments

Author

Nicolas Schmitt, Emmanuel de Bilbao, Eric Blond, Tarek Merouki, Alain Gasser, Laboratoire Pluridisciplinaire de Recherche en Ingénierie des Systèmes, Mécanique et Energétique (PRISME), Ecole Nationale Supérieure d'Ingénieurs de Bourges (ENSI Bourges)-Université d'Orléans (UO), Laboratoire de Mécanique et Technologie (LMT), École normale supérieure - Cachan (ENS Cachan)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12), Conditions Extrêmes et Matériaux : Haute Température et Irradiation (CEMHTI), Université d'Orléans (UO)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Université d'Orléans (UO)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure d'Ingénieurs de Bourges (ENSI Bourges)

Subjects
010302 applied physics, Materials science, Model prediction, Multiphysics, Computation, Mechanical engineering, multiphysics coupling, 02 engineering and technology, Oxidation test, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Irreversible thermodynamic, 01 natural sciences, SiC oxidation, Finite element method, [PHYS.MECA.MEMA]Physics [physics]/Mechanics [physics]/Mechanics of materials [physics.class-ph], refractory, 0103 physical sciences, Mechanical design, 0210 nano-technology, Refractory (planetary science)
Abstract

International audience; It is a common practice to design refractory linings with the help of thermal computations, thermochemistry analyses and strong workman know-how. Their mechanical design is often limited to simple thermo-elastic computations. Sometimes computations are refined considering non-linear mechanical behaviour, even if corrosion often induces additional chemical strain and strong change in service of the mechanical behaviour of the refractory. The aim of this presentation is to briefly recast the irreversible thermodynamic framework in order to underline the implications of some basic thermodynamic concepts in term of refractory behaviour modelling. Then, the use of these concepts to develop fully 3D finite element simulations accounting simultaneously for thermal, mechanical and chemistry phenomena will be illustrated on the particular case of SiC-based refractory. Comparison between long duration oxidation test at high temperature and model prediction allows the validation of the proposed approach. Then, an extension to the industrial case of refractory lining in Waste to Energy plant will be illustrated. The interest of taking into account the thermo-chemo-mechanical coupling effects is shown.

Published
2014
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9. Effect of binding system on the compressive behaviour of refractory mortars

Author

J.V.D. Stel, Alain Gasser, K. Andreev, Samir Allaoui, Sido Sinnema, Eric Blond, Tata Steel, Tata Steel Europe, RD&T, Ceramic Research Centre, IJmuiden, Tata Steel Ltd-Tata Steel Ltd, Laboratoire Pluridisciplinaire de Recherche en Ingénierie des Systèmes, Mécanique et Energétique (PRISME), Université d'Orléans (UO)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure d'Ingénieurs de Bourges (ENSI Bourges), F2ME/MMH, Université d'Orléans (UO)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure d'Ingénieurs de Bourges (ENSI Bourges)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure d'Ingénieurs de Bourges (ENSI Bourges), and F2ME

Subjects
Materials science, Binder effects, Aluminate, 0211 other engineering and technologies, 02 engineering and technology, Mortars, [PHYS.MECA.MEMA]Physics [physics]/Mechanics [physics]/Mechanics of materials [physics.class-ph], chemistry.chemical_compound, [SPI.MECA.MEMA]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Mechanics [physics.med-ph]/Mechanics of materials [physics.class-ph], Materials Chemistry, Cohesion (geology), Composite material, Microstructure, 021101 geological & geomatics engineering, Cement, business.industry, Thermo-mechanics, Refractories, Masonry, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, chemistry, Bentonite, Ceramics and Composites, Compressibility, Mortar, 0210 nano-technology, business
Abstract

International audience; In refractory masonry lining of industrial furnaces the compressibility of mortars is critical for the thermo-mechanical integrity of the structure.Compressive stress-strain behaviour of refractory mortars has been measured during drying at room temperature and in the service temperaturerange of 300-1400◦C. The results have been explained using fractographic analysis and distinct element method computer modelling. The mortarfailure has been shown to occur due to formation of shear bands of micro-cracks. The propagation of cracks preferably follows the shortest pathbetween larger pores and is influenced by grain cohesion and interlocking. Tests with mortars featuring calcium aluminate cement, mono aluminiumphosphate, water glass and bentonite clay binders have indicated that besides increasing the cohesion between the grains the binder reduces theinternal friction that promotes higher compressibility. It has been found that the mortar with clay has the highest compressibility. The mortar withcement shows the most stable behaviour.

Published
2014
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10. Modelling of the swelling induced by oxidation in SiC-based refractory castables

Author

Thierry Cutard, Marie-Laure Bouchetou, Eric Blond, Tarek Merzouki, Alain Gasser, Nicolas Schmitt, Laboratoire Pluridisciplinaire de Recherche en Ingénierie des Systèmes, Mécanique et Energétique (PRISME), Université d'Orléans (UO)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure d'Ingénieurs de Bourges (ENSI Bourges), F2ME, Université d'Orléans (UO)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure d'Ingénieurs de Bourges (ENSI Bourges)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure d'Ingénieurs de Bourges (ENSI Bourges), Laboratoire de Mécanique et Technologie (LMT), École normale supérieure - Cachan (ENS Cachan)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Conditions Extrêmes et Matériaux : Haute Température et Irradiation (CEMHTI), Université d'Orléans (UO)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut Clément Ader (ICA), Institut Supérieur de l'Aéronautique et de l'Espace (ISAE-SUPAERO)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-IMT École nationale supérieure des Mines d'Albi-Carmaux (IMT Mines Albi), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT), Ecole Nationale Supérieure d'Ingénieurs de Bourges (ENSI Bourges)-Université d'Orléans (UO), Ecole Nationale Supérieure d'Ingénieurs de Bourges (ENSI Bourges)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure d'Ingénieurs de Bourges (ENSI Bourges)-Université d'Orléans (UO), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-IMT École nationale supérieure des Mines d'Albi-Carmaux (IMT Mines Albi), and Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Supérieur de l'Aéronautique et de l'Espace (ISAE-SUPAERO)

Subjects
SiC, Materials science, model, Refractory, Diffusion, Oxygen transport, chemistry.chemical_element, multiphysics coupling, Oxygen, Stress (mechanics), [PHYS.MECA.MEMA]Physics [physics]/Mechanics [physics]/Mechanics of materials [physics.class-ph], swelling, chemistry, Mechanics of Materials, Phase (matter), Oxidizing agent, Heat transfer, [SPI.MECA.MEMA]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Mechanics [physics.med-ph]/Mechanics of materials [physics.class-ph], General Materials Science, Composite material, Porosity, Instrumentation
Abstract

International audience; Silicon carbide-based refractory castables (SiC-RC) have high mechanical and chemical resistances at high temperature. Nevertheless when subjected to both high temperature and aggressive oxidizing environment, due to phase transformation, a chemical strain appears that leads to additional stresses in industrial parts and may cause degradation. In this paper, macroscopic constitutive equations are proposed to model the complex relationship between stress, strain, temperature and oxidizing atmosphere in porous SiC-RC. To model the kinetics of the chemical swelling, oxygen content in the porosity of the heterogeneous material is estimated. It depends on both the oxidation reaction of SiC-based grains and the diffusion of oxygen through the connected porosity in the castable. The macroscopic chemical strain associated to the local SiO2 formation takes only place when the local small voids cannot absorb the reaction product anymore. Besides, the reduction of porosity is accompanied by a reduction in the gas permeability and consequently a reduction in the diffusion of oxygen. The multi-physical model is implemented in the finite element code Abaqus . It accounts for heat transfer,reactive oxygen transport and chemically induced strain. A validation test was carried out on a cylindrical sample subjected to high temperature with a thermal gradient in ambient air. Comparison between experimental results, microscopic observations and numerical results showed that the model provides a good description of the main physical phenomena.

Published
2014
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11. Measurement of the volume expansion of SiC refractories induced by molten salt corrosion

Author

M.L. Bouchetou, Pascal Prigent, E. de Bilbao, Jacques Poirier, Eric Blond, Charyar Mehdi-Souzani, Nicolas Schmitt, Conditions Extrêmes et Matériaux : Haute Température et Irradiation (CEMHTI), Université d'Orléans (UO)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire Universitaire de Recherche en Production Automatisée (LURPA), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-École normale supérieure - Cachan (ENS Cachan), Laboratoire de Mécanique et Technologie (LMT), École normale supérieure - Cachan (ENS Cachan)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), F2ME, Laboratoire Pluridisciplinaire de Recherche en Ingénierie des Systèmes, Mécanique et Energétique (PRISME), Ecole Nationale Supérieure d'Ingénieurs de Bourges (ENSI Bourges)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure d'Ingénieurs de Bourges (ENSI Bourges)-Université d'Orléans (UO), École normale supérieure - Cachan (ENS Cachan)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11), Université d'Orléans (UO)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure d'Ingénieurs de Bourges (ENSI Bourges)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure d'Ingénieurs de Bourges (ENSI Bourges), Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12), Ecole Nationale Supérieure d'Ingénieurs de Bourges (ENSI Bourges)-Université d'Orléans (UO), Schmitt, Nicolas, Université d'Orléans (UO)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure d'Ingénieurs de Bourges (ENSI Bourges), and Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
SiC, Materials science, Pellets, volume expansion, Salt (chemistry), refractories, 02 engineering and technology, 01 natural sciences, Corrosion, [SPI.MAT]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Materials, [PHYS.MECA.MEMA]Physics [physics]/Mechanics [physics]/Mechanics of materials [physics.class-ph], [PHYS.MECA.MEMA] Physics [physics]/Mechanics [physics]/Mechanics of materials [physics.class-ph], Phase (matter), 0103 physical sciences, Coupling (piping), Ceramic, Molten salt, Refractory (planetary science), ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 010302 applied physics, chemistry.chemical_classification, Metallurgy, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, chemistry, visual_art, visual_art.visual_art_medium, 0210 nano-technology
Abstract

International audience; Corrosion tests of oxide-bonded SiC-based refractory cylinders with molten salts (mainly CaSO4, K2SO4) were performed at high temperature to enable better understanding of the corrosion mechanisms operating in these materials. Salt pellets were placed on the upper surface of small refractory cylinders. After they had been melted, the corrosive product soaked into the pores of the refractory cylinders and partially corroded the SiC phase. SEMEDS analyses showed thatCaSiO3 was the mainnewphase formed, growing from SiC aggregates into the pores.Theshapes of the initial and corroded cylinders were measured at room temperature using a 3D coordinate measuring machine equipped with a laser-plane sensor. These measurements enabled monitoring of the evolution of the residual radial deformation versus the depth from the surface in contact with the salt pellets, and consequently the characterisation of the local volume expansion induced by the phase change. Coupling SEM-EDS analyses with 3D digitising revealed the link between the corrosion product and the volume expansion.

Published
2013
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12. Thermomechanical computations of refractory linings accounting for swelling induced by chemical reaction

Author

Emmanuel de Bilbao, Tarek Merzouki, Nicolas Schmitt, Alain Gasser, Eric Blond, Schmitt, Nicolas, Laboratoire Pluridisciplinaire de Recherche en Ingénierie des Systèmes, Mécanique et Energétique (PRISME), Ecole Nationale Supérieure d'Ingénieurs de Bourges (ENSI Bourges)-Université d'Orléans (UO), Laboratoire de Mécanique et Technologie (LMT), École normale supérieure - Cachan (ENS Cachan)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12), Conditions Extrêmes et Matériaux : Haute Température et Irradiation (CEMHTI), Université d'Orléans (UO)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Université d'Orléans (UO)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure d'Ingénieurs de Bourges (ENSI Bourges)

Subjects
Materials science, 02 engineering and technology, 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, 01 natural sciences, Chemical reaction, [PHYS.MECA.MEMA]Physics [physics]/Mechanics [physics]/Mechanics of materials [physics.class-ph], [PHYS.MECA.MEMA] Physics [physics]/Mechanics [physics]/Mechanics of materials [physics.class-ph], medicine, Composite material, Swelling, medicine.symptom, 0210 nano-technology, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Refractory (planetary science), 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract

International audience

Published
2013
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13. Modeling of Coal Drying before Pyrolysis

Author

Matthieu Landreau, Damintode Kolani, Alain Gasser, Eric Blond, Tatiana Rozhkova, Laboratoire Pluridisciplinaire de Recherche en Ingénierie des Systèmes, Mécanique et Energétique (PRISME), Université d'Orléans (UO)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure d'Ingénieurs de Bourges (ENSI Bourges), F2ME/MMH, Université d'Orléans (UO)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure d'Ingénieurs de Bourges (ENSI Bourges)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure d'Ingénieurs de Bourges (ENSI Bourges), Centre de Pyrolise de Marienau (CPM), Arcelor Mittal, Cofinancement : Région centre et CPM, and European Project

Subjects
Convection, Materials science, vapor, Evaporation, FOS: Physical sciences, 02 engineering and technology, 7. Clean energy, [PHYS.MECA.MEMA]Physics [physics]/Mechanics [physics]/Mechanics of materials [physics.class-ph], Physics::Popular Physics, 020401 chemical engineering, Mass transfer, [SPI.MECA.MEMA]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Mechanics [physics.med-ph]/Mechanics of materials [physics.class-ph], General Materials Science, Coal, drying, 0204 chemical engineering, Physics::Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics, heat and mass transfer, coal, Condensed Matter - Materials Science, Radiation, model, business.industry, Condensation, Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci), Mechanics, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Condensed Matter Physics, Thermal conduction, 0210 nano-technology, business, Pyrolysis, Water vapor
Abstract

International audience; The coking process is composed of two main stages: drying process and pyrolysis of coal. A heat and mass transfer model was developed to simulate the drying process of coal. The mechanisms of heat and mass transfer described in the model are: conduction through the coal cake; conduction and convection through the gas in pores; generation, flux and condensation of water vapor. The model has been implemented in finite element software. It requires basic data on the coke oven charge properties and oven dimensions as input. These input data were obtained by experiments or from the literature. The proposed model includes condensation and evaporation allowing us to reproduce the temperature plateau observed experimentally.

Published
2013
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14. Identification du module d'Young de matériaux réfractaires à base SiC

Author

Emmanuel de Bilbao, Eric Blond, Christine Michel, CUTARD Thierry, Schmitt, N., Poirier, J., Conditions Extrêmes et Matériaux : Haute Température et Irradiation (CEMHTI), Université d'Orléans (UO)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), F2ME, Laboratoire Pluridisciplinaire de Recherche en Ingénierie des Systèmes, Mécanique et Energétique (PRISME), Université d'Orléans (UO)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure d'Ingénieurs de Bourges (ENSI Bourges)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure d'Ingénieurs de Bourges (ENSI Bourges), Institut Clément Ader (ICA), Institut Supérieur de l'Aéronautique et de l'Espace (ISAE-SUPAERO)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-IMT École nationale supérieure des Mines d'Albi-Carmaux (IMT Mines Albi), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT), Laboratoire de Mécanique et Technologie (LMT), École normale supérieure - Cachan (ENS Cachan)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-IMT École nationale supérieure des Mines d'Albi-Carmaux (IMT Mines Albi), Blond, Eric, Ecole Nationale Supérieure d'Ingénieurs de Bourges (ENSI Bourges)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure d'Ingénieurs de Bourges (ENSI Bourges)-Université d'Orléans (UO), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-IMT École nationale supérieure des Mines d'Albi-Carmaux (IMT Mines Albi), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Supérieur de l'Aéronautique et de l'Espace (ISAE-SUPAERO), and Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
Réfractaires, [PHYS.MECA.MEMA]Physics [physics]/Mechanics [physics]/Mechanics of materials [physics.class-ph], [PHYS.MECA.MEMA] Physics [physics]/Mechanics [physics]/Mechanics of materials [physics.class-ph], [SPI.MECA.MEMA]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Mechanics [physics.med-ph]/Mechanics of materials [physics.class-ph], Comportement thermomécanique, Essai de flexion, [SPI.MECA.MEMA] Engineering Sciences [physics]/Mechanics [physics.med-ph]/Mechanics of materials [physics.class-ph]
Abstract

National audience; Cette étude porte sur l'identification du module d'Young de matériaux réfractaires. Paramètre indispensable au modèle thermomécanique choisi, le module d'Young est identifié directement à partir d'un essai de flexion. De façon inhabituelle, il est proposé ici de déterminer le module à partir de la décharge pour éliminer certains effets perturbateurs issus du comportement non linéaire du matériau combinés avec ceux provenant des déformations de contact entre l'appareillage et l'éprouvette. Après avoir validé l'approche sur une éprouvette en aluminium, la détermination du module d'Young proposée est réalisée sur un réfractaire utilisé dans les fours hautes températures.

Published
2010

15. Response of saturated porous media to cyclic thermal loading

Author

François Hild, Nicolas Schmitt, Eric Blond, Laboratoire de Mécanique et Technologie (LMT), École normale supérieure - Cachan (ENS Cachan)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Contrat CRDM / Arcelor

Subjects
Materials science, Maximum interstitial pressure, 0211 other engineering and technologies, Computational Mechanics, Thermodynamics, 02 engineering and technology, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Geotechnical Engineering and Engineering Geology, Thermal diffusivity, Spall, [PHYS.MECA.MEMA]Physics [physics]/Mechanics [physics]/Mechanics of materials [physics.class-ph], Cracking, Pore water pressure, Amplitude, Mechanics of Materials, Heat transfer, Thermal, [SPI.MECA.MEMA]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Mechanics [physics.med-ph]/Mechanics of materials [physics.class-ph], Harmonic loading, General Materials Science, Porous Media, 0210 nano-technology, Porous medium, 021101 geological & geomatics engineering
Abstract

The response of a semi-infinite saturated porous medium subjected to a harmonic thermal loading on its free face is studied herein. The pressure diffusion equation that governs the fluctuation of the interstitial pressure is established. It allows us to obtain prevalent parameters, i.e. the thermal and fluid mass diffusivities and the coefficient of relative bulk variation. Closed-form solutions of the maximum fluid pressure Pmax and its location xcr are derived. It is shown that the location xcr of Pmax is localized and depends on the diffusivity ratio and the frequency of the thermal loading while the magnitude of Pmax depends on the diffusivity ratio and the thermal amplitude. Master curves for xcr and Pmax versus diffusivity ratio are built. It follows that three regimes can be distinguished: namely, thin spalling, thick spalling or in-depth cracking and no cracking. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Published
2003
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16. MODELLING OF THE SWELLING OF SIC-BASED REFRACTORY LINING USED IN WASTE-TO-ENERGY PLANTS

Author

Emmanuel de Bilbao, Thierry Cutard, Tarek Merzouki, Alain Gasser, Nicolas Schmitt, Eric Blond, F2ME, Laboratoire Pluridisciplinaire de Recherche en Ingénierie des Systèmes, Mécanique et Energétique (PRISME), Ecole Nationale Supérieure d'Ingénieurs de Bourges (ENSI Bourges)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure d'Ingénieurs de Bourges (ENSI Bourges)-Université d'Orléans (UO), Laboratoire de Mécanique et Technologie (LMT), École normale supérieure - Cachan (ENS Cachan)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre de Recherche Outillages, Matériaux et Procédés (CROMeP), IMT École nationale supérieure des Mines d'Albi-Carmaux (IMT Mines Albi), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT), Conditions Extrêmes et Matériaux : Haute Température et Irradiation (CEMHTI), Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université d'Orléans (UO)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure d'Ingénieurs de Bourges (ENSI Bourges)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure d'Ingénieurs de Bourges (ENSI Bourges), Université d'Orléans (UO)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut Clément Ader (ICA), Institut Supérieur de l'Aéronautique et de l'Espace (ISAE-SUPAERO)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), and Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-IMT École nationale supérieure des Mines d'Albi-Carmaux (IMT Mines Albi)

Subjects
SiC, Work (thermodynamics), Materials science, Waste management, 020502 materials, Metallurgy, 02 engineering and technology, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Waste-to-energy plant, Waste-to-energy, [PHYS.MECA.MEMA]Physics [physics]/Mechanics [physics]/Mechanics of materials [physics.class-ph], refractory, 0205 materials engineering, Phase (matter), [SPI.MECA.MEMA]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Mechanics [physics.med-ph]/Mechanics of materials [physics.class-ph], medicine, Multi-physic coupling, Oxygen gas, Swelling, medicine.symptom, 0210 nano-technology, Porosity, Refractory (planetary science)
Abstract

International audience; This work provides a computational model to predict the life-span of SiC based refractories used in waste to energy plant (WTE) linings. In this application, oxygen gas present in the atmosphere diffuses through the porosity and reacts with the re- fractory producing silica (SiO2). This new phase clogs gradually the pores and causes swelling of the refractory lining. The pro- posed thermo-chemo-mechanical model which simulates these phenomena is briefly summarized. The results obtained from the model implemented in a F.E code prove the ability of the model to reproduce qualitatively the swelling of post-mortem bricks taken from WTE linings.

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