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This paper evaluates an editorial and seven invaluable and interesting review papers for the Journal of Risk and Financial Management (JRFM). The topics covered include the rising complexity of bank regulatory capital requirements from global guidelines to their United States (US) implementation, connections among big data, computational science, economics, finance, marketing, management and psychology, factors, outcome, and the solutions of supply chain finance, with a review and future directions, time-varying price-volume relationship, adaptive market efficiency, and a survey of the empirical literature, improved covariance matrix estimation for portfolio risk measurement, stock investment and excess returns, with a critical review in the light of the efficient market hypothesis, and a cross section analysis of country equity returns, and a review of the empirical literature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper examines North American pulp and paper company bankruptcies that occurred between 1990 and 2009. We demonstrate that shareholders suffer substantial losses (37 %) during the month a bankruptcy occurs. Encouragingly, we show that financial ratios are useful in predicting firm failure and that failed firms are less profitable, more liquidity constrained and higher in debt leverage. Using a binary logit model in the spirit of Ohlson (J Acc Res, 19, 109–131, 1980 ), we predict financial distress for pulp and paper firms 1 to 2 years ahead of the bankruptcy. We also adapt and re-estimate the empirical model on a sample of pulp and paper firms and perform in-sample and out-of-sample forecasts. For the out-of-sample analysis, our re-estimated Ohlson models correctly predict 93 % of bankruptcy and non-bankruptcy outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ABSTRACT The events following Lehman's failure in 2008 and the current turmoil emanating from Europe highlight the structural vulnerabilities of short-term credit markets and the role of central banks as back-stop liquidity providers. The Federal Reserve's response to financial disruptions in the United States importantly included the creation of liquidity facilities. Using a differences-in-differences approach, we evaluate one of the most unusual of these interventions-the Asset-Backed Commercial Paper Money Market Mutual Fund Liquidity Facility. We find that this facility helped stabilize asset outflows from money market funds and reduced asset-backed commercial paper yields significantly. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ABSTRACT BACKGROUND The Healthy, Hunger-Free Kids Act of 2010 ( HHKA) required schools to make changes to meals provided to children. Rural school districts have limited resources, with increased obesity rates and local food insecurity. In this study we sought to understand the perceptions of rural food service directors and the barriers to implementing the changes. METHODS Food service directors from rural school districts were invited to complete a semistructured telephone interview and online survey. A total of 51 respondents completed both, 6 completed only the online survey, and 16 completed only the telephone interview. Qualitative interview data were analyzed through open thematic coding; descriptive statistics were calculated for the quantitative data. RESULTS Food service directors mostly perceived the changes as negative, challenging, and burdensome. They believed that the changes resulted from concern about childhood obesity, which they did not view as a problem for their students. Diverse challenges were reported related to cost, preparation, and student preference. CONCLUSIONS Food service directors in isolated, rural areas need support to enhance understanding of HHKA requirements, build professional networks to learn from one another, and communicate with students, families, and other stakeholders. Future efforts should focus on changing perceptions and supporting directors in order to make implementation a success. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this position paper, the American College of Physicians (ACP) examines the challenges women face in the U.S. health care system across their lifespans, including access to care; sex- and gender-specific health issues; variation in health outcomes compared with men; underrepresentation in research studies; and public policies that affect women, their families, and society. ACP puts forward several recommendations focused on policies that will improve the health outcomes of women and ensure a health care system that supports the needs of women and their families over the course of their lifespans. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The approach of American preservationists differs from European heritage management by remaining primarily locally regulated while many European cities practise an area-based approach. Growth management and historic preservation are intrinsically linked but the connections between the two are not fully understood. Local authorities alone do not sufficiently meet the needs to regulate the process of demolition by neglect (DBN). This paper seeks to understand if area-based approaches directly or indirectly affect DBN, expanding on these principles by comparing amounts of neglect in historic urban boroughs with differing amounts of peripheral preserved farmlands. The research compares two historic urban boroughs in Bucks County, Pennsylvania, a leading region for sprawling development, historic preservation and agricultural preservation in the USA. The results indicate that, as the amount of preserved farmland increases, rates of DBN tend to decrease, but only indirectly. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: International and migrant students face specific challenges which may impact their mental health, well-being and academic outcomes, and these may be gendered experiences. The purpose of this scoping review was to map the literature on the challenges, coping responses and supportive interventions for international and migrant students in academic nursing programs in major host countries, with a gender lens. Methods: We searched 10 databases to identify literature reporting on the challenges, coping responses and/or supportive interventions for international and migrant nursing students in college or university programs in Canada, the United-States, Australia, New Zealand or a European country. We included peer-reviewed research (any design), discussion papers and literature reviews. English, French and Spanish publications were considered and no time restrictions were applied. Drawing from existing frameworks, we critically assessed each paper and extracted information with a gender lens. Results: One hundred fourteen publications were included. Overall the literature mostly focused on international students, and among migrants, migration history/status and length of time in country were not considered with regards to challenges, coping or interventions. Females and males, respectively, were included in 69 and 59% of studies with student participants, while those students who identify as other genders/sexual orientations were not named or identified in any of the research. Several papers suggest that foreign-born nursing students face challenges associated with different cultural roles, norms and expectations for men and women. Other challenges included perceived discrimination due to wearing a hijab and being a 'foreign-born male nurse', and in general nursing being viewed as a feminine, low-status profession. Only two strategies, accessing support from family and other student mothers, used by women to cope with challenges, were identified. Supportive interventions considering gender were limited; these included matching students with support services' personnel by sex, involving male family members in admission and orientation processes, and using patient simulation as a method to prepare students for care-provision of patients of the opposite-sex. Conclusion: Future work in nursing higher education, especially regarding supportive interventions, needs to address the intersections of gender, gender identity/sexual orientation and foreign-born status, and also consider the complexity of migrant students' contexts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The prescription drug market in the United States relies on competition to keep prices reasonable. Although many policies have been implemented to spur competition and decrease costs for patients, these policies may be outdated and should be redesigned and updated to achieve success in the current prescription drug market. In this paper, the American College of Physicians (ACP) proposes that new policies should be implemented to prevent market manipulation, help lower-cost alternatives make it to the market faster, and ensure a robust and competitive market for generic and biosimilar drugs. The ACP believes these changes will have a meaningful effect on patients without shifting costs to other areas of the health care system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study examined content at ten small daily newspapers at two points in time-before and after a woman replaced a man as managing editor. The results were then compared with content changes at ten "matched" papers at which a man was managing editor for both points in time. The mix of topics that the newspapers covered changed little across time for both groups of publications. But the types of articles changed for the papers at which women became managing editors. The emphasis on feature approaches to the news increased, and standard hard news declined. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Inadequate sleep is an on-going risk to the health and mission readiness of U.S. Armed Forces, with estimates of sleep problems high above U.S. civilian populations. Intervening early in the career of active duty Air Force personnel (or "Airmen") with education and the establishment of healthy behaviors may prevent short and long term-detriments of sleep problems. This paper describes the results of a qualitative study seeking to understand the facilitators and barriers to achieving good sleep in a technical training school during the first year of entry into the United States Air Force. Using the social ecological framework and content analysis, three focus groups with Airmen were conducted to explore themes at the individual, social, environmental, and organizational/policy level. Overall, results indicated a cohort motivated to achieve good sleep, and also struggling with a number of barriers across each level. This paper highlights opportunities for population health interventions during technical training aimed at supporting Airmen in developing healthy sleep behaviors early in the course of their career. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose - The purpose of this paper is to report on the 2007 meeting of the Southwest Academy of Management (SWAM) that incorporated content related to gender and diversity. Design/methodology/approach - SWAM offers a track each year that includes gender and diversity research. For the 2007 meeting gender and diversity was combined with human resources, careers, and social issues in management. Findings - One paper introduced a new form of surface-level (observable) diversity - military status. There were two diversity-related papers, one looking generally at the importance of cultural differences in global management systems and the other focusing on cultural differences between the USA and Mexico. The final paper incorporating diversity issues focused on the influence of cultural differences within student teams on individual learning. Originality/value - The diversity papers included in this conference showed a focus on diversity introduced through globalization, which is of value in highlighting the need for diversity scholars to develop expertise in international management or to develop collaborations with colleagues who pursue international management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: In the 21st century, the prevalence of tinnitus is increasing, impacting approximately one in five people. It is a very complicated condition that significantly affects quality of life. Despite the availability of hundreds of tinnitus treatment options, none are very successful. In light of this, there has been a steady increase in studies on tinnitus treatments in the recent past. To comprehend them better, this study used bibliometric approaches to analyze and summarize 21st century scientific research accomplishments in tinnitus treatment. Methods: The Web of Science Core Collection (WoSCC) was searched for papers that had been published and related to the treatment of tinnitus. VOSviewer, CiteSpace, R, and Tableau software programs were used to conduct bibliometric studies. To evaluate and visualize the results. Results: 2,933 publications on tinnitus treatment were found in 74 countries. Between 2000 and 2021, publications increased steadily. Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery had the highest impact factor, whereas Otology & Neurotology had themostmagazines and the highest h, g, and m index. Langguth B was the most prolific author in terms of productivity during the past 21 years. Numerous eminent authors and organizations from multiple nations collaborated. With 626 papers, the United States of America (USA) contributed the most to this field, making them the leading contributor. Neuroplasticity, sound therapy, and cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) have attracted the attention of researchers, leading to the development of innovative diagnostic and treatment strategies for tinnitus. Conclusion: This bibliometric study provides a comprehensive analysis of worldwide publications, cooperation, and research hotspots in tinnitus therapy, revealing the present status of research on this issue and guiding tinnitus treatment research in the coming years. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article provides information regarding the Consortium on Competitiveness and Cooperation (CCC). The CCC is a network of scholars from leading universities and management schools in the U.S. who perform research on the improvement of the United States' competitive performance in the global economy. Recent activities of the CCC are discussed. Several abstracts of recent CCC working papers are presented including "New Developments in U.S. Technology and Trade Policies: Declining Hegemon, Wounded Giant, or Ambivalent Gulliver," by David C. Mowery, "The U.S. National Innovation System," by David C. Mowery and Nathan Rosenberg, and "Product Market Definition in the Context of Innovation," by R.S. Hartman, D.J. Teece, W. Mitchell, and T.M. Jorde. Governing members of the Committee are listed.

Accessible Summary: What is known on the subject?: International guidelines for trans‐and‐gender‐non‐conforming (TGNC) exists in outpatient settings.Compared to cisgender and heterosexual people, TGNC individuals are at a higher risk of mental health difficulties and have higher rates of inpatient mental health treatment. What does this paper add to existing knowledge?: An international scoping review identifying the lack of guidelines existing for TGNC individuals in inpatient mental health settings. Compared to psychiatrists and psychologists, mental health nursing has the most contact with patients admitted for inpatient psychiatric treatment. The study identifies unaddressed needs in gender affirming policies and outlines preliminary policy recommendations to assist mental health staff in improving TGNC patient quality of care within the United States. What are the implications for practice?: Reforming existing guidelines or creating new guidelines based on the identified themes and gaps to improve the well‐being and treatment outcomes of TGNC individuals in inpatient psychiatric settings within the United States. Introduction: Access to culturally sensitive care is critical for addressing known mental health disparities among trans‐and gender‐non‐conforming (TGNC) individuals. Although there has been a proliferation of TGNC healthcare guidelines from accrediting bodies, policies have failed to address the needs of TGNC patients in inpatient psychiatric settings. Aim: To identify unaddressed needs in policies and policy recommendations for the care of TGNC patients to inform recommendations for change. Method: A scoping review protocol was developed following the guidelines of the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analyses 850 articles were reduced to seven relevant articles with six themes identified via thematic analysis. Results: Six themes were identified: lack of consistency in preferred and pronoun use, lack of communication among providers, lack of training in TGNC healthcare, personal bias, lack of formal policies, and housing segregation by sex rather than gender. Discussion: The creation of new guidelines or bolstering of existing guidelines to specifically address identified themes and gaps may improve the well‐being and treatment outcomes of TGNC individuals in inpatient psychiatric settings. Implications for practice: To provide a foundation for future studies to integrate these identified gaps and inform the future development of comprehensive formal policies that generalize TGNC care in inpatient settings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Management can only thrive in the prevalence of communication. Indeed, the present paper is timely. A 2002 survey of 1,104 employees of organizations in the United States showed that, while managers spend 60 to 80 percent of their time on operational communication, only 17 percent said their managers communicated effectively. Thus, every possible constructive measure must be taken to disentangle areas that stand in the way of effective communication within a given business organization. Efforts must be exhausted to create a business environment in which managers and staff pay close attention to the conceptualization and dissemination of communication media and the messages they transmit. Since the desired purpose of transmitting information from sender to receiver is effective communication, the paper will review pertinent literature to ascertain harbors of problems that result in communication problems in management. To this end, the paper intends to examine attitudes of senders that generate poor and/or ineffective communication; investigate media choices that are inappropriate in certain communication instances; consider cultural/gender insensitive implications prevalent in management communication; as well as the importance of placing the receiver at the center when designing information or messages to be transmitted. In addition, the proposed paper intends to analyze management communication mistakes, such as making controversial announcements, lying [sic], ignoring the realities of power, underestimating the intelligence of the receiver or audience, using inappropriate media or channels of communication, and ignoring to admit mistakes. It is a truism that, 60 percent of corporate public relations effort is devoted to internal communication, which is a reflection that good communication is at the heart of every productive workplace. The paper's objective is to produce a document that chronicles not only missteps in management communication, but also to advance ways of creating awareness and to forge management policies that foster good and effective communication in a business environment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses a study on the policies, content and the readers of the two Philippine national broadsheets, Philippine Daily Inquirer and Manila Bulletin towards U. S. military bases. It states that several researchers surveys the paper's readers to find out whether their attitudes toward issues fall together with those papers. It mentions that the studies shows that owners maintain the pressure on newspapers by initial direction-setting and continued tolerance of specific actions. It tells that the study reveals that the readers of the said newspapers have consistent attitude towards their primary newspaper's treatment of the U. S. bases issue that successively coherent with the newspaper's policies.

This symposium provides a new perspective for strategic human resource management (SHRM) scholarship by expanding the contexts in which this scholarship has typically been framed. In the first paper, Kaufman evaluates SHRM scholarship within the United States from a historical and cross-disciplinary context. The second paper, by Festing, discusses the concept and practice of SHRM in Germany, a dominant economic power among developed nations and Europe. Liang, Marler, and Cui focus on China and examine how strategic human resource management is unfolding in a turbulent but hugely influential emerging economy. In describing strategic human resource management practices across these broader macro contexts, the papers in this symposium provide new directions for future theoretical and empirical research on SHRM. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Examines the statement of management on internal accounting control by the United States Securities and Exchange Commission. Requirements for the annual reports of security holders; Execution of transactions in accordance with management's authorization; Maintenance of accountability for assets.

To a great extent, the effectiveness of a government may be traced to its constituting documents which serve as a guide or map for how it is supposed to function. From a systems perspective, we may expect a more systemic Constitution to inform the operation of a government that is more systemic and so more effective. This paper uses Integrative Propositional Analysis (IPA) to conduct a preliminary evaluation of the systemic structure of the US Constitution. The analysis finds that the US Constitution has a vanishingly low level of structure. This previously unrecognized lack of structure provides a new explanation for why the nation is increasingly misgoverned (and/or more difficult to govern) and why divisions are deepening between partisan groups, leading to argument and conflict. A path forward is suggested to develop a more systemic Constitution and more effective governance; one supporting a more just, prosperous, and sustainable society. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Profiles George W. Mead, former chairman of the board of Consolidated Papers Inc., in Wisconsin, who was awarded a Doctor of Philosophy by the Institute of Paper Science and Technology in Atlanta, Georgia. Previous work as director of Stora Enso Oyj; Work in the family business Consolidated Papers; Management awards received.

Purpose: Public education is an important institution in any democracy, and the significant resources invested form a critical pillar in its provision. The evidence used to manage said resources is, therefore, an important issue for education leaders and a matter public interest. The purpose of this paper is to consider the role education finance leaders in Ontario, Canada, and what types of evidence they are using, how they are being employed and how much priority is given to each. Design/methodology/approach: The paper employs a review of Ontario's K-12 education funding policies/reports, and interviews with five K-12 funding model experts/leaders – four business superintendents from school boards of varying sizes (based on enrollment) and one system leader (to introduce perspective from the two levels of governance in resource management) to understand how these experts use evidence to inform resource decision making. This sampling strategy was also grounded in a key assumption: School boards with larger enrollment – and consequently larger budgets – will have greater capacity to use all forms of evidence when managing resources, as the majority of board revenue comes from grants that are mostly based on enrollment. Findings: The findings bring important definition and prioritization of evidence that inform leaders' resource decision making in education. The results point to two tacit, normative, unacknowledged and, yet, competing evidence frameworks driving resource management. The government is the most influential, prioritizing strategic policy, performance data, fiscal context and professional judgment; values embedded in policy and research were mentioned only in passing, while local anecdotal types of evidence were given less priority. Compounding this challenge is that all sides in debates on school resource needs face issues of access to, transparency in the use of and the prioritization given to various evidence types. Research limitations/implications: Governments, with the assistance of academics, should formally articulate and make public the evidence framework they use to drive resource decision making. All sides of the resource management debate need to value a wider range of evidence, notably evidence that speak to local concerns, to reduce information gaps and, potentially, improve on the effective delivery of local educational programming. Education finance researchers could help to address access gaps by distilling research on the effective use of resources in a manner that is timely, tailored to the fiscal climate and to system- or district-level readiness for the implementation of a particular initiative. Practical implications: Resource management driven solely by "facts" can support student achievement outcomes and effective system operation, but alone will not satisfy local-level aspirations for education or inspire public confidence; a key ingredient for the sustainability of this public institution. The results could be used to improve the balance of "decent information" used to inform resource deliberations and establish a shared understanding across stakeholder groups to facilitate compromise. The current state of affairs has all sides in advancing claims for resource needs based on what they understand to be evidence all while portraying competing claims as uninformed, undermining public confidence in education. Originality/value: The paper draws from interviews with business superintendents and a system-level funding model expert, both lesser studied leaders on this topic in the Canadian context; offers a clear articulation of the evidence frameworks at play and the priority given to each type and how they are being used; presents definition and prioritization of evidence from the perspective of leaders in the Canadian context (most of literature is from the USA) – experts acknowledge that resource knowledge is contextually contingent and insight generated from other contexts will help to advance the field. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper examines whether firms that voluntarily recognize stock option expense in their financial statements manage that expense downward more than firms that do not recognize the expense by adjusting option-pricing model assumptions. To examine this issue, I collect option-pricing model assumptions from fiscal year 2002 for both a sample of firms that voluntarily recognize stock option expense ("recognizing firms") and a sample of control firms that do not ("disclosing firms"). The empirical results suggest that recognizing firms manage the recognized stock-based compensation expense reported in their financial statements downward more than do firms that only disclose the expense. Additional analyses reveal that recognizing firms assume a lower level of volatility than disclosing firms in the option-pricing model calculations; however, I find no evidence that recognizing firms manage the dividend yield and risk-free interest rate assumptions more than disclosing firms. The Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) recently issued Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No. 123(R), which requires the expensing of the fair value of stock options, so these results may be of interest to capital-market participants and the FASB as they assess the reliability of stock option expense as determined by option-pricing models. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article discusses matters concerning the U.S. periodical Academy of Management Learning & Education as of June 2005. Last year, the editorial board and the Academy of Management's board of governors approved a strategy for the periodical. The first challenge was to assemble an editorial board leadership team with the necessary breadth and experience, and an editorial board with increased practitioner and international representation. The second step was to implement an electronic submission and review process. In its short life, the periodical has stirred some healthy controversy and hopefully contributed to the dialogue about the life of professors and the management education endeavor. The periodical has palpable forward motion and notoriety upon which to capitalize. The first issue upheld the tradition of publishing watershed papers. In order to seed papers, the editorial board is exploring sponsoring an Academy of Management Doctoral Student and/or Junior Faculty Consortium designed to work through promising ideas with the assistance of a distinguished panel. Furthering this vein, the editorial board was asked to send a letter of introduction describing the periodical to at least ten colleagues, and to alert their school's librarians to the journal in the hopes of increased subscriptions.

Forecasts the future of the pulp and paper industry in the U.S. Likelihood for a smaller number of suppliers to sell products and services to pulp and paper mills; Need for mill staff to enhance troubleshooting skills; Continuation in the incapability of new graduates to assume management responsibilities in the industry.

Provides information about the 2004 Paper Industry Management Association's Leadership Conference in New Orleans, Louisiana. Benefits of attending the conference for managers responsible for mill operations, finance, maintenance, optimizing performance or information technology; List of speakers; Events and activities scheduled for the conference.

Background and Objectives Licensed nursing home administrators (NHA) and directors of nursing (DON) are responsible for nursing home quality and assuring optimal performance and job satisfaction/retention of their nursing home workforce. NHA/DON-focused studies have generated important foundational knowledge over the last three decades; yet, targeted research is needed to understand and apply the complexities of the black box of this top management team. This scoping review identifies, reviews, synthesizes, and maps the topical areas of research in NHA/DON positions in U.S. nursing homes. Research Design and Methods We conducted searches of 5 databases, yielding 3,479 records; screening/review yielded 88 unique records. We used thematic analysis to code the primary foci of the studies and the variables associated with the concepts of interest. Results Most papers (n = 40) focused on role characteristics, 23 examined approaches to management and leadership, 24 focused on perceptions about the role, and the remaining 12 examined role structure. The role-related themes linked to outcomes (n = 42), processes (n = 27), and structures (n = 30). Discussion and Implications We highlight important gaps for future research and offer a call to action for research, policy, practice, and education collaborations to accelerate the rate of research and translate the findings into best practices for NHA/DON to lead and manage the nursing home workforce and build capacity to ensure person-centered, high-quality care. Based on foundational descriptive studies, it is time to use what is known to design and implement interventions that enhance the capacity of NHA/DON to improve the structures, processes, and outcomes of nursing homes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper examines the evolution of intra-financial sector lending in the United States, 1950-2012, constructing estimates from the Federal Reserve's Flow of Funds Accounts. Lending between financial institutions has grown nearly five-fold since the 1950s and currently accounts for roughly half of all financial sector lending. In the run up to the financial crisis of 2007-2008, the growth of intra-financial lending was concentrated in assets highly implicated in the genesis of the crisis, suggesting that this growth may have contributed to the crisis. This growth in intra-financial lending also raises questions about the contribution of the financial sector to the real economy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]