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1. High Dynamic Performance Nonlinear Source Emulator

Author

Khiem Nguyen-Duy, Arnold Knott, and Michael A. E. Andersen

Subjects
Engineering, Power, Energy and Industry Applications, energy resources, Testing, Transportation, Nuclear Engineering, 02 engineering and technology, Terrestrial application, Nonlinear circuits, Renewable energy sources, Electric inverters, Research and development, 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, Fuel cells, DC-DC converters, Components, Circuits, Devices and Systems, Renewable energy resources, Communication, Networking and Broadcast Technologies, Engineered Materials, Dielectrics and Plasmas, Current voltage characteristics, General Topics for Engineers, DC-DC power converters, Energy source, Fields, Waves and Electromagnetics, Maximum Power Point Tracking algorithms, High dynamic performance, Computing and Processing, Maximum power principle, Settling time, 020209 energy, Nonlinear circuit, Renewable energy source, Short-circuit currents, Capacitance, Generator (circuit theory), Batteries, Current-voltage characteristics, Downstream converters, Electronic engineering, SDG 7 - Affordable and Clean Energy, Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Aerospace, Clean energy sources, Load modeling, Power converters, Buck converter, business.industry, 020208 electrical & electronic engineering, Control engineering, Maximum power point trackers, Converters, Nonlinear system, Signal Processing and Analysis, Integrated circuit modeling, Filter (video), business
Abstract

As research and development of renewable and clean energy based systems is advancing rapidly, the nonlinear source emulator (NSE) is becoming very essential for testing of maximum power point trackers or downstream converters. Renewable and clean energy sources play important roles in both terrestrial and nonterrestrial applications. However, most existing NSEs have only been concerned with simulating energy sources in terrestrial applications, which may not be fast enough for testing of nonterrestrial applications. In this paper, a high-bandwidth NSE is developed that is able to simulate the behaviors of a typical nonlinear source under different critical conditions that can happen during their operations. The proposed 200-W NSE, which consists of a fourth-order output filter buck converter and a novel nonlinear small-signal reference generator, can quickly react not only to an instantaneous change in the input source but also to a load step between nominal and open circuit. Moreover, all of these operation modes have a very fast settling time of only 10 $\mu$ s, which is hundreds of times faster than that of existing works. This attribute allows for higher speed and a more efficient maximum power point tracking algorithm. The proposed NSE, therefore, offers a superior dynamic performance among devices of the same kind.

Published
2016

2. Real-time remedial action against aperiodic small signal rotor angle instability

Author

Jacob Østergaard, Hjortur Johannsson, and Tilman Weckesser

Subjects
IEEE standards, Engineering, Power, Energy and Industry Applications, Electric generator, Boundary (topology), 02 engineering and technology, Remedial actions, Signal, law.invention, load dispatching, IEEE 14-bus test system, law, power system stability, 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, Rotors (windings), aperiodic small signal rotor angle instability, Control methods, Impedance, Components, Circuits, Devices and Systems, Steady-state, rotors, real-time remedial action, power system security, Aperiodic graph, stability boundary monitoring, Restoration, Stability boundaries, Stability, power system generation redispatch, Steady state (electronics), 020209 energy, Real-time operation, Energy Engineering and Power Technology, maximum steady state active power injection, Instability, Stability (probability), Rotor angle stability, active power redispatch, Control theory, Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Real-time systems, Stable operation, Impedance plane, business.industry, Stability analysis, AC power, Power system control, Electric generators, Generators, Characteristic curve, secure operation, Security, Nordic32 test system, business, remedial action schemes
Abstract

This paper presents a method that in real-time determines remedial actions, which restore stable operation with respect to aperiodic small signal rotor angle stability (ASSRAS) when insecure or unstable operation has been detected. An ASSRAS assessment method is used to monitor the stability boundary for each generator in real-time. The ASSRAS boundary represents the condition when a generator reaches the maximum steady state active power injection. The proposed control method exploits analytically derived expressions for the ASSRAS boundary and other characteristic curves in the injection impedance plane to determine an active power redispatch among selected generators to restore stable and secure operation. Since the method is purely based on analytically derived expression, the computation of the remedial actions is fast and well suited for real-time operation. The method was tested on the IEEE 14-bus and the Nordic32 test systems where results show that the method can efficiently determine the required active power redispatch to avoid an imminent instability.

Published
2016