27 results
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2. Study protocol: a clinical trial for improving mental health screening for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander pregnant women and mothers of young children using the Kimberley Mum's Mood Scale.
- Author
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Carlin E, Blondell SJ, Cadet-James Y, Campbell S, Williams M, Engelke C, Taverner D, Marriott R, Edmonds K, Atkinson D, and Marley JV
- Subjects
- Adolescent, Adult, Anxiety ethnology, Depression ethnology, Depressive Disorder diagnosis, Depressive Disorder ethnology, Female, Humans, Infant, Infant, Newborn, Islands, Mass Screening standards, Mothers psychology, Pregnancy, Pregnancy Complications diagnosis, Pregnancy Complications ethnology, Pregnant Women ethnology, Pregnant Women psychology, Psychometrics, Queensland, Research Design, Retrospective Studies, Young Adult, Affect, Anxiety diagnosis, Depression diagnosis, Mass Screening methods, Mental Health ethnology, Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander psychology, Perinatal Care methods
- Abstract
Background: Improving the rates of, and instruments used in, screening for perinatal depression and anxiety among Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander women are important public health priorities. The Kimberley Mum's Mood Scale (KMMS) was developed and later validated as an effective and acceptable perinatal depression and anxiety screening tool for the Kimberley region under research conditions. Other regions have expressed interest in using the KMMS with perinatal Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander women. It is, however, important to re-evaluate the KMMS in a larger Kimberley sample via a real world implementation study, and to test for applicability in other remote and regional environments before recommendations for wider use can be made. This paper outlines the protocol for evaluating the process of implementation and establishing the 'real world' validity and acceptability of the KMMS in the Kimberley, Pilbara and Far North Queensland in northern Australia., Methods: The study will use a range of quantitative and qualitative methods across all sites. KMMS validation/revalidation internal consistency of Part 1 will be determined using Cronbach's alpha. Equivalence for identifying risk of depression and anxiety compared to a standard reference assessment will be determined from receiver operating characteristic curves. Sensitivity and specificity will be determined based on these cut-points. Qualitative methods of phenomenology will be used to explore concepts of KMMS user acceptability (women and health professionals). Additional process evaluation methods will collate, assess and report on KMMS quality review data, consultations with health service administrators and management, field notes, and other documentation from the research team. This information will be reported on using the Dynamic Sustainability Framework., Discussion: This project is contributing to the important public health priority of screening Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander women for perinatal depression and anxiety with tools that are meaningful and responsive to cultural and clinical needs. Identifying and addressing barriers to implementation contributes to our understanding of the complexity of improving routine clinical practie., Trial Registration: The study was registered retrospectively on 15/05/2019 with the Australian and New Zealand Clinical Trial registry (ACTRN12619000580178).
- Published
- 2019
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3. ‘Child panic’, risk and child protection: an examination of policies from New South Wales and Queensland1.
- Author
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Sachs, Judyth and Mellor, Lise
- Subjects
CHILD care ,ANXIETY ,CHILD abuse laws ,EDUCATIONAL law & legislation - Abstract
In this paper child protection policies from two Australian states (New South Wales and Queensland) are analyzed as exemplars of policy response to risk-consciousness. In particular, child protection policies from the Departments of Education in NSW and QLD are viewed alongside state Codes of Conduct for government employees. Clearly there is a need for child protection policies and we argue that the policy documents that we analyze have emerged as a reasonable response to the revelation of real and perceived threats to the safety and well-being of children and young people in our social institutions, particularly our educational systems. In this paper our intention is threefold. First, we examine the manner in which each of these child protection policies articulate and define the need for child protection in educational settings. Second, we consider the manner in which they proscribe professional behaviour and dictate the boundaries of acceptable and unacceptable behaviour towards children and young people. Third, we argue, following Dean (1999), that these policies are informed by risk consciousness and risk anxiety. As such, we consider how these policies simultaneously aim to address ‘child panic’ and restore trust in schools as dynamic places of social learning and development. The context of our analysis is specifically focused on the localized responses of two Australian states, however, comments regarding policy in general have wider application. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2005
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4. Work and personal well-being of nurses in Queensland: Does rurality make a difference?
- Author
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Hegney, Desley, Eley, Robert, Osseiran‐Moisson, Rebecca, and Francis, Karen
- Subjects
QUALITY of work life ,ANALYSIS of variance ,ANXIETY ,CHI-squared test ,MENTAL depression ,JOB stress ,LONGITUDINAL method ,NURSES ,NURSES' aides ,PRACTICAL nurses ,RESEARCH funding ,PSYCHOLOGICAL resilience ,RURAL conditions ,SELF-evaluation ,STATISTICS ,SURVEYS ,WORK environment ,DATA analysis ,WELL-being ,CROSS-sectional method ,DATA analysis software - Abstract
Objective This study aims to ascertain if differences exist in the perception of the professional practice environment and personal well-being of nurses across different geographical areas in Queensland. Design This paper was performed on a prospective, self-report cross-sectional on-line survey. Setting The study was conducted among the nurses employed in public and private health care settings: acute hospitals, community health and aged care in Queensland, Australia. Participants Participants of this study were 1608 registered and enrolled nurses and assistants in nursing, current members of the Queensland Nurses Union in 2013 and who provided a workplace postcode. One thousand eight of these participants worked in major cities, while 382 in rural locations and 238 in remote areas. Interventions None. Main outcome measures Scores of well-being as determined by the following scales: the Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale, the Professional Quality of Life Scale version 5, the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale and of the Professional Practice Environment using the Practice Environment Scale - Nursing Work Index Revised. Results Nurses employed in major cities perceived 'nursing foundations for quality care' more favourably than those from other settings. Remote area nurses had lower levels of secondary traumatic stress than nurses in major cities and rural areas. There was no difference between nurses across their geographical locations for stress, anxiety, depression, compassion satisfaction, burnout, resilience and the four other measures of the Practice Environment Scale. Conclusions The study findings provide new data suggesting that, with the exception of secondary traumatic stress, the personal well-being of nurses does not differ across geographical settings. Similarly, with the exception of the subscale of 'nursing foundations for quality care' there was no difference in perceptions of the professional practice environment. As secondary traumatic stress is associated with burnout, this finding needs to be investigated further. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2015
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5. A Preparatory Virtual Reality Experience Reduces Anxiety before Surgery in Gynecologic Oncology Patients: A Randomized Controlled Trial.
- Author
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Schmid, Bernd C., Marsland, Dominic, Jacobs, Eilish, and Rezniczek, Günther A.
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ANXIETY prevention ,PREDICTION models ,UNIVERSITIES & colleges ,BLIND experiment ,ONCOLOGY ,RANDOMIZED controlled trials ,DESCRIPTIVE statistics ,MULTIVARIATE analysis ,TREATMENT effectiveness ,FEMALE reproductive organ tumors ,VIRTUAL reality ,GYNECOLOGY ,EXPERIENCE ,RESEARCH ,CONVALESCENCE ,PERIOPERATIVE care - Abstract
Simple Summary: This study investigated whether using virtual reality (VR) could help reduce anxiety in women undergoing gynecological cancer surgery. Participants were split into two groups: one receiving VR therapy alongside usual care and the other receiving only usual care. Results showed that VR significantly decreased anxiety levels before surgery compared to the control group. This suggests that VR could be a valuable tool in preparing patients for surgery, potentially improving their experience and outcomes. Further research is needed to explore VR's benefits in other types of surgery and its long-term effects on patient recovery. Perioperative anxiety is common among patients undergoing surgery, potentially leading to negative outcomes. Immersive virtual reality (VR) has shown promise in reducing anxiety in various clinical settings. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of VR in reducing perioperative anxiety in patients undergoing gynecological oncology surgery and was conducted as a single-center, double-arm, single-blinded randomized controlled trial at the Gold Coast University Hospital, Queensland, Australia. Participants were randomized into the VR intervention + care as usual (CAU) group (n = 39) and the CAU group (n = 41). Anxiety scores were assessed using a six-tier visual facial anxiety scale at baseline, after the intervention/CAU on the same day, and, several days up to weeks later, immediately before surgery. There was no significant difference in baseline anxiety scores, type of operation, or suspected cancer between the two groups. The VR intervention significantly reduced anxiety scores from baseline to preoperative assessment (p < 0.001). The median anxiety score in the VR intervention group decreased from 3 (interquartile range 2 to 5) at baseline to 2 (2 to 3) prior to surgery, while the control group's scores were 4 (2 to 5) and 4 (3 to 5), respectively. Multivariate analysis showed that group assignment was the sole outcome predictor, not age, type of procedure, or the time elapsed until surgery. Thus, VR exposure was effective in reducing perioperative anxiety in patients undergoing gynecological oncology surgery. The use of VR as a preparation tool may improve patient experience and contribute to better surgical outcomes, warranting further research into exploring the potential benefits of VR in other surgical specialties and its long-term impact on patient recovery. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
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6. Maternal depressive, anxious, and stress symptoms during pregnancy predict internalizing problems in adolescence.
- Author
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Betts KS, Williams GM, Najman JM, and Alati R
- Subjects
- Adolescent, Adolescent Behavior physiology, Adult, Child Behavior Disorders etiology, Child, Preschool, Female, Humans, Infant, Infant, Newborn, Male, Predictive Value of Tests, Pregnancy, Prospective Studies, Queensland epidemiology, Adolescent Behavior psychology, Anxiety epidemiology, Child Behavior Disorders epidemiology, Depression epidemiology, Mother-Child Relations psychology, Mothers psychology, Pregnancy Complications epidemiology, Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects epidemiology, Stress, Psychological epidemiology
- Abstract
Background: Studies have shown a link between maternal-prenatal mental health and offspring behavior problems. In this paper, we derived longitudinal trajectories of maternal depressive, anxious, and stress symptoms over early life to predict offspring behavior in adolescence., Methods: Participants included 3,925 mother-offspring pairs from the Mater University Study of Pregnancy (MUSP), an Australian-based, prebirth cohort study. Latent class growth analysis with parallel processes was used to identify trajectories of maternal depressive, anxious, and stress symptoms over four measurement periods between the mothers' first clinic visit and 5 years postpregnancy. The estimates from the maternal trajectories were used to fit multivariate logistic regression models and predict internalizing and externalizing behavior at age 14. We adjusted for a wide range of factors, including a number of prenatal confounders, concurrent maternal depressive and anxious symptoms, father's history of mental problems, and maternal life events relationship quality and contact with the new born., Results: Seven maternal trajectories were identified one of which isolated high levels of depressive, anxious, and stress symptoms during pregnancy. After adjustment for confounders, this was the only trajectory that predicted higher internalizing behavior in adolescence. No specific maternal trajectory predicted externalizing problems., Conclusions: We found evidence for a prenatal effect, whereby high levels of maternal depression, anxiety, and stress symptoms in early pregnancy uniquely increased the risk of internalizing behavior problems in adolescence., (© 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.)
- Published
- 2014
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7. Positioning occupational therapy as a discipline on the research continuum: Results of a cross-sectional survey of research experience.
- Author
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Pighills, Alison C., Plummer, David, Harvey, Desley, and Pain, Tilley
- Subjects
ANALYSIS of variance ,ANXIETY ,CHI-squared test ,ENDOWMENT of research ,EXPERIENTIAL learning ,GOODNESS-of-fit tests ,MULTIVARIATE analysis ,OCCUPATIONAL therapy ,OCCUPATIONAL therapy services ,QUESTIONNAIRES ,RESEARCH ,SURVEYS ,WORK ,EVIDENCE-based medicine ,JOB performance ,CROSS-sectional method ,DATA analysis software - Abstract
Background/aim Evidence-based practice and research are beginning and endpoints on a research continuum. Progression along the continuum builds research capacity. Occupational Therapy has a low evidence base, thus, clinicians are not implementing evidence-based practice or publishing research. Barriers to implementing evidence-based practice and engaging in research include a lack of confidence. This research gauged Occupational Therapists' research experience, support needs and barriers, and compared levels of research anxiety between allied health disciplines. Methods A cross-sectional survey was sent to Health Practitioners in northern Queensland in May- June 2011. Responses about experience, support needs and barriers, between Occupational Therapists, were analysed using Chi-square 'goodness of fit' tests. Multivariate analysis compared responses between disciplines about research anxiety. This paper reports results for the subset of Occupational Therapists. Results The whole population, consisting of 152 Occupational Therapists, was sent a questionnaire, from which 86 responded. More Occupational Therapists than not had experience of evidence-based practice and less support was required, but they had little experience of producing research and required more support. The amount of support required for activities along the research continuum was inversely related to the level of experience in these tasks. Barriers included lack of staff and time. Occupational Therapists were more anxious about research (53 of 79, 67%) than all other Health Practitioner disciplines combined (170 of 438, 39%, P < 0.0001). Conclusion A cohesive strategy should focus on consolidating Occupational Therapists' evidence-based practice skills and building confidence. Clinicians wishing to engage in research need access to academic support. Academics and clinicians should work closely to produce clinically relevant research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2013
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8. Maternal anxiety and depression, poverty and marital relationship factors during early childhood as predictors of anxiety and depressive symptoms in adolescence.
- Author
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Spence SH, Najman JM, Bor W, O'Callaghan MJ, and Williams GM
- Subjects
- Adolescent, Anxiety epidemiology, Child, Preschool, Depression epidemiology, Divorce psychology, Humans, Infant, Logistic Models, Longitudinal Studies, Queensland epidemiology, Risk Factors, Sex Factors, Anxiety psychology, Depression psychology, Marriage psychology, Mothers psychology, Poverty
- Abstract
Background: This paper examines the degree to which symptoms of anxiety and depression at age 14 years are associated with early childhood experience of maternal anxiety and depression, poverty, and mother's marital relationship distress and break-up., Methods: In a longitudinal study, 4434 families were followed-up from infancy to adolescence., Results: Maternal anxiety and depression during early childhood were found to have small, but significant, influences upon the development of high anxiety-depression symptoms at age 14, after controlling for the effects of poverty and marital relationship factors. This effect was greater with repeated exposure to high maternal anxiety and depression. Poverty, distressed marital relationship and marital break-up during the child's first five years also produced small, but significant, increases in risk of high anxiety and depression symptoms in adolescence. Stable, single-parent status was not found to be a risk factor. There was no evidence of marked gender differences in risk factors, other than poverty, which had a stronger impact for girls than boys., Conclusions: Overall, the results suggest that maternal anxiety and depression, poverty, parent relationship conflict and marital break-up during early childhood are associated with small, but significant, increased risk of anxiety-depression symptoms in adolescence.
- Published
- 2002
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9. The influence of sensitivity to reward and punishment, propensity for sensation seeking, depression, and anxiety on the risky behaviour of novice drivers: A path model.
- Author
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Scott‐Parker, Bridie, Watson, Barry, King, Mark J., and Hyde, Melissa K.
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ADOLESCENCE ,AGE distribution ,ANXIETY ,AUTOMOBILE driving ,MENTAL depression ,MOTOR vehicle safety measures ,PATH analysis (Statistics) ,PERSONALITY ,PUNISHMENT ,QUESTIONNAIRES ,RESEARCH ,REWARD (Psychology) ,RISK-taking behavior ,SCALES (Weighing instruments) ,SEX distribution ,MOTOR vehicle occupants ,DESCRIPTIVE statistics - Abstract
Young novice drivers are significantly more likely to be killed or injured in car crashes than older, experienced drivers. Graduated driver licensing (GDL), which allows the novice to gain driving experience under less-risky circumstances, has resulted in reduced crash incidence; however, the driver's psychological traits are ignored. This paper explores the relationships between gender, age, anxiety, depression, sensitivity to reward and punishment, sensation-seeking propensity, and risky driving. Participants were 761 young drivers aged 17-24 ( M= 19.00, SD= 1.56) with a Provisional (intermediate) driver's licence who completed an online survey comprising socio-demographic questions, the Impulsive Sensation Seeking Scale, Kessler's Psychological Distress Scale, the Sensitivity to Punishment and Sensitivity to Reward Questionnaire, and the Behaviour of Young Novice Drivers Scale. Path analysis revealed depression, reward sensitivity, and sensation-seeking propensity predicted the self-reported risky behaviour of the young novice drivers. Gender was a moderator; and the anxiety level of female drivers also influenced their risky driving. Interventions do not directly consider the role of rewards and sensation seeking, or the young person's mental health. An approach that does take these variables into account may contribute to improved road safety outcomes for both young and older road users. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2012
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10. Process drama: the use of affective space to reduce language anxiety in the additional language learning classroom.
- Author
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Piazzoli, Erika
- Subjects
SECOND language acquisition ,FOREIGN language education ,THEATER education ,ITALIAN language education ,AUSTRALIANS ,ANXIETY - Abstract
This paper describes a research project designed to find out what happens when process drama strategies are applied to an advanced level of additional language learning. In order to answer this question, the author designed and facilitated six process drama workshops as part of a third-year course of Italian at a university in Brisbane, Australia. Results indicated that through the medium of role, authentic contexts and dramatic tension, participants in the study were able to engage in the target language producing more spontaneous communication. Results also revealed that the affective space generated by process drama was beneficial in reducing a degree of language anxiety in some of the participants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2011
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11. 'Poor Black Bastard Can't Shake-a-Leg': Humour and Laughter in Urban Aboriginal North Queensland, Australia.
- Author
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McCullough, MeganB.
- Subjects
ABORIGINAL Australians ,CULTURE ,WIT & humor ,ANXIETY ,LAUGHTER ,INDIGENOUS peoples ,ETHNOLOGY ,PERSONALITY (Theory of knowledge) - Abstract
By analysing a multi-dimensional urban Australian Aboriginal identity performance, this paper identifies and problematises commonplace cultural assumptions about the constitution of humour as a form of anxiety release, and the understanding of humour as cloaking aggression. It raises analytical questions about how identity construction illuminates complex links among anxiety, weakness and laughter as well as links among humour, repair and resistance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2008
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12. Fathers of children with a disability: health, work, and family life issues.
- Author
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Bourke-Taylor, Helen M., Cotter, Claire, Joyce, Kahli S., Reddihough, Dinah S., and Brown, Ted
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FATHERS' attitudes ,RESEARCH methodology ,ATTITUDE (Psychology) ,CROSS-sectional method ,CHILDREN with disabilities ,MENTAL health ,HEALTH status indicators ,HUMANITY ,LIFE ,PSYCHOLOGICAL tests ,PHYSICAL activity ,RESPONSIBILITY ,MENTAL depression ,EMPLOYMENT ,RESEARCH funding ,DESCRIPTIVE statistics ,PSYCHOLOGY of fathers ,ANXIETY ,DATA analysis software ,HEALTH promotion ,PSYCHOLOGICAL stress - Abstract
Fathers in families raising children with disabilities are under-researched. Fathers' perspectives can be better accommodated in childhood disability services that operate on a family-centred paradigm if their perspectives are understood. This study aimed to investigate the perspectives of fathers on caring and family life, work, and health. A mixed-methods design with an online questionnaire included open-ended questions and three instruments: Depression Anxiety Stress Scales (DASS); Health Promoting Activities Scale (HPAS-M); Fathers of Children with Developmental Challenges (FCDC) Scale. Fathers (n = 33) reported high depressive (58%), anxiety (37%), and stress symptoms (61%). Fathers reported low participation in health-promoting activity with less than weekly: planning health activities (58%); solo physical activity (26%); social activity (3%); time relaxing (16%). Sixty-four percent worked full-time, although work was reported to be challenged by family responsibilities. Fathers described directly caring for their children although service interactions were low and delegated to mothers. Fathers in this study reported stress, mental health issues, and low participation in healthy activity. Fathers experienced challenges related to career progression and job choices due to family responsibilities. Providing individualised and responsive support to fathers of a child with a disability would better support the family unit. Fathers of children with a disability in this study experienced high mental health symptoms. Fathers were involved with their child's care at home but had low service interactions suggesting that service providers need to discover new ways to better engage fathers. Fathers experienced challenges to participation in paid work secondary to care responsibilities for their child with a disability and resulting needs of their family. Services that better support fathers are important to promote better health and wellbeing and support families. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
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13. The quality of life of regional and remote cancer caregivers in Australia.
- Author
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Goodwin, Belinda C., Crawford‐Williams, Fiona, Ireland, Michael, March, Sonja, Chambers, Suzanne K., Aitken, Joanne F., and Dunn, Jeff
- Subjects
WELL-being ,CONFIDENCE intervals ,RURAL conditions ,CHRONIC diseases ,MULTIPLE regression analysis ,BURDEN of care ,MENTAL health ,HEALTH status indicators ,INTERVIEWING ,CANCER patients ,SEX distribution ,T-test (Statistics) ,PSYCHOLOGY of caregivers ,MENTAL depression ,DESCRIPTIVE statistics ,QUESTIONNAIRES ,ANXIETY ,DATA analysis software ,PSYCHOLOGICAL stress - Abstract
Objective: This study compares the well‐being of rural caregivers with that of the general population and explores the potential drivers of poorer outcomes. Method: Patient–caregiver dyads (n = 241) residing in regional or remote Queensland, Australia, reported on QoL, chronic illness, caregiver burden, depression, anxiety and stress. Caregiver outcomes were compared with population norms and patient outcomes. Multiple regressions were conducted to identify factors associated with poorer caregiver outcomes. Results: Caregivers reported lower mental health‐related QoL (M = 0.436, 95% CI = 0.410–0.462) in comparison with age‐matched population norms (M = 0.556, 95% CI = 0.532–0.580). No differences existed between caregiver and population norms for anxiety, stress and depression. Caregiver chronic illness and higher burden were associated with poorer mental and physical QoL, depression, anxiety and stress (η2s ranging from 0.03 to 0.30). These associations were slightly stronger for male caregivers when compared with female caregivers (η2s ranging from 0.03 to 0.08). Conclusion: It is vital that efforts are made to improve rural caregivers' mental and emotional well‐being. Interventions that support caregivers with chronic conditions reduce caregiver burden and take into consideration the unique experience of male caregivers will go some way to addressing this. Future research is needed to identify other drivers of health outcomes in this group. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
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14. Continuity of midwifery carer moderates the effects of prenatal maternal stress on postnatal maternal wellbeing: the Queensland flood study.
- Author
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Kildea, Sue, Simcock, Gabrielle, Liu, Aihua, Elgbeili, Guillaume, Laplante, David P., Kahler, Adele, Austin, Marie-Paule, Tracy, Sally, Kruske, Sue, Tracy, Mark, O’Hara, Michael W., and King, Suzanne
- Subjects
ANXIETY ,LONGITUDINAL method ,MIDWIVES ,PSYCHOLOGY of mothers ,NATURAL disasters ,POSTPARTUM depression ,QUESTIONNAIRES ,REGRESSION analysis ,SELF-evaluation ,PSYCHOLOGICAL stress ,MIDWIFERY ,DEPARTMENTS ,WELL-being - Abstract
Poor postnatal mental health is a major public health issue, and risk factors include experiencing adverse life events during pregnancy. We assessed whether midwifery group practice, compared to standard hospital care, would protect women from the negative impact of a sudden-onset flood on postnatal depression and anxiety. Women either received midwifery group practice care in pregnancy, in which they were allocated a primary midwife who provided continuity of care, or they received standard hospital care provided by various on-call and rostered medical staff. Women were pregnant when a sudden-onset flood severely affected Queensland, Australia, in January 2011. Women completed questionnaires on their flood-related hardship (objective stress), emotional reactions (subjective stress), and cognitive appraisal of the impact of the flood. Self-report assessments of the women’s depression and anxiety were obtained during pregnancy, at 6 weeks and 6 months postnatally. Controlling for all main effects, regression analyses at 6 weeks postpartum showed a significant interaction between maternity care type and objective flood-related hardship and subjective stress, such that depression scores increased with increasing objective and subjective stress with standard care, but not with midwifery group practice (continuity), indicating a buffering effect of continuity of midwifery carer. Similar results were found for anxiety scores at 6 weeks, but only with subjective stress. The benefits of midwifery continuity of carer in pregnancy extend beyond a more positive birth experience and better birthing and infant outcomes, to mitigating the effects of high levels of stress experienced by women in the context of a natural disaster on postnatal mental health. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2018
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15. Scared but loving it : children's enjoyment of fear as a diagnostic marker of anxiety?
- Author
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Gilmore, L. and Campbell, L.
- Published
- 2008
16. Effects of frequent PATient moves on patient outcomes in a large tertiary Hospital (the PATH study): a prospective cohort study.
- Author
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Webster, Joan, New, Karen, Fenn, Mary, Batch, Mary, Eastgate, Alyson, Webber, Selena, and Nesbit, Anthony
- Subjects
HOSPITAL care ,ANXIETY ,CONFIDENCE intervals ,LENGTH of stay in hospitals ,HOSPITALS ,LONGITUDINAL method ,MEDICAL care costs ,PATIENT satisfaction ,PATIENT safety ,PROBABILITY theory ,PSYCHOLOGICAL tests ,RESEARCH funding ,T-test (Statistics) ,VISUAL analog scale ,DATA analysis software ,ADVERSE health care events ,DESCRIPTIVE statistics ,TERTIARY care ,ODDS ratio ,PSYCHOLOGY - Abstract
Objective: The aim of the present study was to investigate the incidence of and patient outcomes associated with frequent patient moves. Methods: In a prospective cohort study, any bed move and the reason for the move were documented. Patients were assessed on admission for anxiety, social support and delirium. Adverse events, length of stay and satisfaction were recorded. Patients moved three or more times were compared with those moved less than three times. Results: In all, 566 patients admitted to a tertiary referral hospital were included in the study. Of these, 156 patients (27.6%) were moved once, 46 (8.1%) were moved twice and 28 (4.9%) were moved at least three times. Those moved three or more times were almost threefold more likely to have an adverse event recorded compared with those moved fewer times (relative risk (RR) 2.75; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.18, 6.42; P = 0.02) and to have a hospital stay twice as long (RR 7.10; 95% CI 2.60, 11.60; P = 0.002). Levels of satisfaction and anxiety were not affected by frequent moves and there was no effect on delirium. Conclusion: Frequent bed moves affect patient safety and prolong length of stay. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2016
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17. Predictors of comorbid polysubstance use and mental health disorders in young adults-a latent class analysis.
- Author
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Salom, Caroline L., Betts, Kim S., Williams, Gail M., Najman, Jackob M., and Alati, Rosa
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PEOPLE with intellectual disabilities ,SUBSTANCE abuse & psychology ,COMORBIDITY ,MENTAL health of young adults ,YOUNG adults -- Substance use ,SUBSTANCE abuse ,AGE factors in disease ,ANXIETY ,CANNABIS (Genus) ,CONFIDENCE intervals ,MENTAL depression ,MENTAL illness ,LOGISTIC regression analysis ,DATA analysis software ,ODDS ratio - Abstract
Aim The co-occurrence of mental health and substance use disorders adds complexity to already-significant health burdens. This study tests whether mental health disorders group differently across substance use disorder types and compares associations of early factors with the development of differing comorbidities. Design Consecutive antenatal clinic attendees were recruited to the longitudinal Mater-University of Queensland Study of Pregnancy (MUSP). Mother/offspring dyads were followed over 21 years. Setting Mater-Misericordiae Public Hospital, Brisbane, Australia. Participants MUSP offspring with maternal baseline information ( n = 7223), offspring behaviour data at 14 ( n = 4815) and psychiatric diagnoses at 21 ( n = 2575). Measurements The Composite International Diagnostic Interview yielded life-time diagnoses of mental health (MH) and substance use (SU) disorders for offspring, then latent class modelling predicted membership of polydisorder groups. We fitted the resulting estimates in multinomial logistic regression models, adjusting for maternal smoking, drinking and mental health, adolescent drinking, smoking and behaviour and mother-child closeness. Findings Fit indices [Bayesian information criterion (BIC) = 12 415; Akaike information criterion (AIC) = 12 234] from LCA supported a four-class solution: low disorder (73.6%), MH/low SU disorder (10.6%), alcohol/cannabis/low MH disorder (12.2%) and poly SU/moderate MH disorder (3.5%). Adolescent drinking predicted poly SU/MH disorders [odds ratio (OR) = 3.34, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.42-7.84], while externalizing predicted membership of both SU disorder groups (OR
alcohol/cannabis = 2.04, 95% CI = 1.11-3.75; ORpolysubstance = 2.65, 95% CI = 1.1-6.08). Maternal smoking during pregnancy predicted MH (OR = 1.53, 95% CI = 1.06-2.23) and alcohol/cannabis-use disorders (OR = 1.73; 95% CI = 1.22-2.45). Low maternal warmth predicted mental health disorders only (OR = 2.21, 95% CI = 1.32-3.71). Conclusions Mental health disorders are more likely in young adults with polysubstance use disorders than those with alcohol/cannabis use disorders. Predictors of comorbid mental health/polysubstance use disorders differ from those for alcohol/cannabis use disorders, and are detectable during adolescence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2016
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18. Variation in the Profile of Anxiety Disorders in Boys with an ASD According to Method and Source of Assessment.
- Author
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Bitsika, Vicki and Sharpley, Christopher
- Subjects
DIAGNOSIS of autism ,ANXIETY disorders ,ANALYSIS of variance ,CHI-squared test ,CONFIDENCE intervals ,MULTIVARIATE analysis ,PARENTS ,STATISTICS ,DATA analysis ,DISEASE prevalence ,SEVERITY of illness index ,DATA analysis software ,DIAGNOSIS - Abstract
To determine any variation that might occur due to the type of assessment and source used to assess them, the prevalence of 7 anxiety disorders were investigated in a sample of 140 boys with an Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and 50 non-ASD (NASD) boys via the Child and Adolescent Symptom Inventory and the KIDSCID Clinical Interview. Boys with an ASD were significantly more anxious than their NASD peers. Data collected from the boys with an ASD themselves showed differences in the severity and diagnostic criterion of anxiety disorders to data collected from the boys' parents. There were age-related variations to the pattern of anxiety disorder differences across reports from the boys with an ASD and reports from their parents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2015
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19. Which psychological resilience attributes are associated with lower aspects of anxiety in boys with an autism spectrum disorder? Implications for guidance and counselling interventions.
- Author
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Bitsika, Vicki and Sharpley, Christopher F.
- Subjects
CHILDREN ,AUTISM ,ANXIETY ,QUESTIONNAIRES ,PSYCHOLOGICAL resilience ,DATA analysis software ,DESCRIPTIVE statistics - Abstract
The effect of psychological resilience as a buffer against anxiety was investigated in a sample of 39 boys with high-functioning autism spectrum disorder (ASD) via individual online questionnaire responses to standardised inventories for assessing anxiety and psychological resilience. Ability to handle problems, make good decisions, think before acting and help others were the most powerful buffers against Generalised Anxiety Disorder, while thinking before acting significantly buffered social phobia. Believing that they were able to handle problems was significantly associated with less emotional anxiety about school, work or social activities, being irritable, unable to relax and fatigue. As well as describing the pathways between the components of psychological resilience and anxiety, these findings also suggest several specific directions for training programmes aimed at equipping boys with an ASD with skills to cope more effectively with anxiety. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]
- Published
- 2014
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20. Student-delivered intensive smooth speech programs for adolescents and adults who stutter.
- Author
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Cardell, Elizabeth and Hill, Anne
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STUTTERING ,ABILITY ,ANXIETY ,CONFIDENCE ,HEALTH occupations students ,INTENTION ,QUESTIONNAIRES ,SPEECH therapists ,SPEECH therapy ,STATISTICS ,STUDENT attitudes ,TRAINING ,CLINICAL competence ,DATA analysis ,PRE-tests & post-tests ,DESCRIPTIVE statistics ,EDUCATION ,THERAPEUTICS - Abstract
Gaining clinical competencies in the assessment and management of stuttering is challenging for speech pathology students in many university programs. Lack of local expertise in fluency management and funding shortfalls have resulted in a paucity of quality services in public and private health facilities and schools for adolescents and adults who stutter (AAWS). One method of developing competencies and capacity to support student learning and the needs of AAWS is through student-led intensive smooth speech programs. This study investigated 38 students' perceptions of their anxiety, confidence, and interest levels in working with AAWS. This information was collected prior to and immediately following participation in 5-day intensive programs. Results indicated that students' reported levels of anxiety decreased and that their confidence and interest levels in working with AAWS increased following the program. The benefits of student-delivered intensive programs in clinical education and elements that contribute to their success are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2013
21. Comorbidity of anxiety-depression among Australian university students: implications for student counsellors.
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Bitsika, Vicki and Sharpley, ChristopherF.
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ANXIETY ,MENTAL depression ,ANALYSIS of variance ,PSYCHOLOGY of college students ,MULTIVARIATE analysis ,PSYCHOLOGICAL tests ,QUESTIONNAIRES ,STATISTICS ,COMORBIDITY ,DATA analysis ,DESCRIPTIVE statistics - Abstract
The incidence, factor structure and scale item differences in anxiety-depression comorbidity were investigated in a sample of Australian university students defined according to the presence of anxiety and/or depression. The incidence of anxiety-depression comorbidity was over 32%, about four times that for anxiety or depression alone. Participants with comorbidity had significantly higher Self-rating Anxiety Scale (SAS) and Self-rating Depression Scale (SDS) total and factor scores than those with anxiety or depression alone. The major differences between the comorbid and unitary disordered subgroups were for self-disintegration and autonomic arousal. Comorbidity of anxiety and depression is a more serious disorder than either anxiety or depression alone, and appears to exist in large proportions among university students. Assessment and treatment plans might benefit from inclusion of this comorbidity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2012
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22. Genetic co-morbidity between neuroticism, anxiety/depression and somatic distress in a population sample of adolescent and young adult twins.
- Author
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Hansell, N. K., Wright, M. J., Medland, S. E., Davenport, T. A., Wray, N. R., Martin, N. G., and Hickie, I. B.
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MENTAL depression genetics ,NEUROSES ,ANXIETY ,SOMATOFORM disorders ,CHI-squared test ,CONFIDENCE intervals ,QUESTIONNAIRES ,RESEARCH funding ,SEX distribution ,TWINS ,PHENOTYPES ,COMORBIDITY ,DESCRIPTIVE statistics ,GENETICS - Abstract
BackgroundGenetic studies in adults indicate that genes influencing the personality trait of neuroticism account for substantial genetic variance in anxiety and depression and in somatic health. Here, we examine for the first time the factors underlying the relationship between neuroticism and anxiety/depressive and somatic symptoms during adolescence.MethodThe Somatic and Psychological Health Report (SPHERE) assessed symptoms of anxiety/depression (PSYCH-14) and somatic distress (SOMA-10) in 2459 adolescent and young adult twins [1168 complete pairs (35.4% monozygotic, 53% female)] aged 12–25 years (mean=15.5±2.9). Differences between boys and girls across adolescence were explored for neuroticism, SPHERE-34, and the subscales PSYCH-14 and SOMA-10. Trivariate analyses partitioned sources of covariance in neuroticism, PSYCH-14 and SOMA-10.ResultsGirls scored higher than boys on both neuroticism and SPHERE, with SPHERE scores for girls increasing slightly over time, whereas scores for boys decreased or were unchanged. Neuroticism and SPHERE scores were strongly influenced by genetic factors [heritability (h2)=40–52%]. A common genetic source influenced neuroticism, PSYCH-14 and SOMA-10 (impacting PSYCH-14 more than SOMA-10). A further genetic source, independent of neuroticism, accounted for covariation specific to PSYCH-14 and SOMA-10. Environmental influences were largely specific to each measure.ConclusionsIn adolescence, genetic risk factors indexed by neuroticism contribute substantially to anxiety/depression and, to a lesser extent, perceived somatic health. Additional genetic covariation between anxiety/depressive and somatic symptoms, independent of neuroticism, had greatest influence on somatic distress, where it was equal in influence to the factor shared with neuroticism. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]
- Published
- 2012
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23. Validity and reliability of the Geriatric Anxiety Inventory in Parkinson's disease*†.
- Author
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Matheson, Sally F, Byrne, Gerard J, Dissanayaka, Nadeeka NW, Pachana, Nancy A, Mellick, George D, O'Sullivan, John D, Silburn, Peter A, Sellbach, Anna, and Marsh, Rodney
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PARKINSON'S disease ,ANXIETY ,CHI-squared test ,CONFIDENCE intervals ,HAMILTON Depression Inventory ,RESEARCH methodology ,PROBABILITY theory ,PSYCHOLOGICAL tests ,RESEARCH evaluation ,STATISTICAL sampling ,SCALES (Weighing instruments) ,SELF-evaluation ,STATISTICS ,DATA analysis ,RECEIVER operating characteristic curves ,RESEARCH methodology evaluation ,STATE-Trait Anxiety Inventory ,DESCRIPTIVE statistics ,PSYCHOLOGY - Abstract
Aim: To examine the psychometric properties of a novel anxiety rating scale, the Geriatric Anxiety Inventory (GAI) in Parkinson's disease (PD). Method: The predictive validity of the GAI was tested against the presence of any DSM-IV anxiety disorders in 58 PD patients using receiver operating curve analysis. The concurrent validity of this scale was also studied against the state half of the Spielberger State Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI). The internal consistency and test-retest reliability of the GAI were also examined. Results: The GAI displayed good concurrent validity against the STAI and the DSM-IV. It also showed good internal consistency and test-retest reliability. Conclusions: This study suggested that the GAI is an appropriate scale to use in non-demented PD patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2012
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24. Living with brain injury in the community: Outcomes from a community-based self-management support (CB-SMS) programme in Australia.
- Author
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Muenchberger, H., Kendall, E., Kennedy, A., and Charker, J.
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PSYCHOLOGICAL adaptation ,ANALYSIS of variance ,ANXIETY ,ATTITUDE testing ,COMMUNITY health services ,CONFIDENCE intervals ,MENTAL depression ,EMPLOYMENT ,FACTOR analysis ,FAMILIES ,GOAL (Psychology) ,HEALTH status indicators ,INCOME ,LONGITUDINAL method ,MARITAL status ,MEDICAL needs assessment ,MEDICAL rehabilitation ,NURSING assessment ,PATIENT satisfaction ,PATIENTS ,PROBABILITY theory ,PSYCHOLOGICAL tests ,QUESTIONNAIRES ,REHABILITATION ,SCALE analysis (Psychology) ,HEALTH self-care ,SELF-efficacy ,SELF-evaluation ,SUPPORT groups ,PSYCHOLOGICAL stress ,T-test (Statistics) ,ACTIVITIES of daily living ,SCALE items ,SOCIAL support ,EDUCATIONAL attainment ,REPEATED measures design - Abstract
Objective: To determine the impact of a community-based self-management support (CB-SMS) programme for people with acquired brain injury delivered across multiple communities in Queensland, Australia. Design: A longitudinal study. Participants: A prospective cohort of 52 individuals with brain injury aged between 21-75 years of age ( M = 47.29 years, SD = 15.40) participated in the study. The impact of the programme was measured on three separate occasions using the same questionnaire (at programme commencement-Time 1; 3 months post-programme completion-Time 2; and 6 months post-programme completion-Time 3). Measures: The questionnaire measured demographic details, general health, emotional health, goal commitment, ability to manage illness, information use and perceived social support. Results: Significant effects were found in the ability to manage one's long-term condition, goal commitment and emotional health, however these findings were sensitive to gender differences over time. Conclusions: Results from this study partially support the role of the programme in promoting the development of personal resources following brain injury. However, the findings remind one that without monitoring and maintenance over time, any gains made are unlikely to be sustained. Further, the need for programmes to respond to gender differences is highlighted by this study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2011
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25. Is there really a‘J-shaped’ curve in the association between alcohol consumption and symptoms of depression and anxiety? Findings from the Mater-University Study of Pregnancy and its outcomes.
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Alati, Rosa, Lawlor, Debbie A., Najman, Jake M., Williams, Gail M., Bor, William, and O'Callaghan, Michael
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ALCOHOL drinking ,MENTAL depression ,ANXIETY ,PREGNANCY - Abstract
To determine the nature of the association between alcohol consumption and symptoms of anxiety and depression in women.Prospective cohort study of women (n = 4527) who received antenatal care at a major public hospital (Mater Misericordiae Hospital) in South Brisbane between 1981 and 1984 and who have follow-up data on alcohol use, depressive and anxiety symptoms over a 14-year period.At the 5-year follow-up there was a‘J-shaped’ association between alcohol consumption and both symptoms of depression and of anxiety. However, at the baseline assessment and the 14-year follow-up alcohol consumption was linearly and positively associated with depressive symptoms with increasing prevalence of symptoms with greater consumption. At the 5-year follow-up the prevalence of depressive and anxiety symptoms among those who were abstainers at both baseline and 5-year follow-up was similar to that among those who had been previous drinkers and then become abstainers (P = 0.67). Similarly, the prevalence of these symptoms was the same at the 14-year follow-up comparing those who had been abstainers at baseline, 5-year and 14-year follow-up to those who had previously consumed alcohol but were then abstainers.The nature of the association between alcohol consumption and symptoms of depression and anxiety may vary across their life course in women. Previous drinkers who become abstainers do not appear to be at any higher risk of symptoms of depression or anxiety compared to those who always abstained, suggesting that increased symptoms in abstainers at age 30 is not due to‘sick quitters’. The association of high alcohol consumption with symptoms of depression and anxiety may be confounded by low income and smoking. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2005
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26. Posttraumatic stress disorder and general psychopathology in children and adolescents following a wildfire disaster.
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McDermott, Brett M., Lee, Erica M., Judd, Marianne, and Gibbon, Peter
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POST-traumatic stress disorder in children ,LIFE change events ,ANXIETY ,NEUROSES ,STRESS in children ,CHILD psychopathology ,PATHOLOGICAL psychology ,POST-traumatic stress disorder ,DIAGNOSIS of post-traumatic stress disorder ,ALEXITHYMIA ,ATTENTION-deficit hyperactivity disorder ,COMPARATIVE studies ,BEHAVIOR disorders in children ,DISASTERS ,FIRES ,RESEARCH methodology ,MEDICAL cooperation ,MEDICAL screening ,MYERS-Briggs Type Indicator ,PSYCHOMETRICS ,QUESTIONNAIRES ,RESEARCH ,RESEARCH evaluation ,COMORBIDITY ,EVALUATION research ,DIAGNOSIS ,PSYCHOLOGY - Abstract
Objective: To report on the use of the Post Traumatic Stress Disorder Reaction Index (PTSD-RI) and the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) in identifying children and adolescents who may require psychological interventions following exposure to a wildfire disaster.Method: Six months after a wildfire disaster, we conducted a school-based program to screen for wildfire-related events, such as exposure to and perception of threat, posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), and general psychopathology.Results: The screening battery was completed by 222 children (mean age 12.5 years, SD 2.48; range 8 to 18 years). Severe or very severe PTSD was reported by 9.0% of students, while 22.6% scored in the abnormal range on the Emotional Symptoms subscale of the SDQ. Younger children and individuals with greater exposure to and perception of threat experienced higher levels of PTSD and general psychopathology. Female students reported a greater perception of threat but did not report higher levels of PTSD or other symptoms.Conclusions: Screening was well received by students, parents, and staff and proved feasible in the postdisaster environment. The PTSD-RI and SDQ demonstrated different individual risk associations and functioned as complementary measures within the screening battery. The identification of children at greatest risk of mental health morbidity enabled service providers to selectively target limited mental health resources. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2005
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27. A survey of prescribing practices by general dentists in Australia.
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Teoh, L., Marino, R. J., Stewart, K., and McCullough, M. J.
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ANALGESICS ,ANTIBIOTICS ,ANXIETY ,CLINICAL competence ,CONTINUING education ,DENTISTS ,PSYCHOLOGY of dentists ,DRUG prescribing ,MEDICAL protocols ,PROFESSIONS ,SURVEYS ,TRANQUILIZING drugs ,PAIN management ,PHYSICIAN practice patterns ,LOGISTIC regression analysis ,WORK experience (Employment) ,DESCRIPTIVE statistics ,INAPPROPRIATE prescribing (Medicine) - Abstract
Background: Numerous studies of dental antibiotic prescribing show that overprescribing is a worldwide occurrence. The aim of this study was to assess prescribing practices of general dentists in Australia for antibiotics, analgesics and anxiolytics and to determine the extent to which prescribing is in accordance with current guidelines. Methods: A structured questionnaire was sent to 1468 dentists in Victoria and Queensland in July–August 2018. The questionnaire covered demographics, clinical conditions where dentists prescribe antibiotics, non-clinical factors which influence prescribing, and medicines for anxiolysis and pain relief. Responses were scored using a system based on the current Australian therapeutic guidelines. Logistic regression was used to determine the relative importance of independent variables on inappropriate prescribing. Results: Three hundred eighty-two responses were received. Overall, 55% of overprescribing of antibiotics was detected, with a range of 13–88% on a routine or occasional basis depending on the scenario. Between 16 and 27% of respondents inappropriately preferenced analgesics over anti-inflammatories for dental pain; 46% of those who prescribed anxiolytic medicines did so inappropriately, with varying regimens and choices outside the guidelines. Years of practice was the main demographic factor influencing prescribing, with recent graduates (0–5 years) generally scoring better than their colleagues for antibiotic prescribing (p < 0.05). Conclusions: Future interventions could be directed towards the appropriate role and use of antibiotics, shortfalls in knowledge and appropriate choices of medicines for pain relief and anxiolysis. Given that the most overprescribing occurred for localised swellings (88%), this area could be focused on in continuing education as well as ensuring it is addressed in undergraduate teaching. Continuing education on the appropriate use of medicines can be targeted at more experienced dentists as well as patients, especially those who expect antibiotics instead of treatment. Trial registration: University of Melbourne Human Ethics Sub-Committee; ID: 1750768.1. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
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