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Cedar-broad-leaved forests in the Far East cover an area of slightly more than 3 million hectares. Amur cork tree (Phellodendron amurense) is one of the brightest representatives of the woody flora of cedar-broad-leaved forests. In the last century, volumetric and assortment tables were developed for it. There are no growth progress tables for this species. In order to increase the accuracy of forest taxation work, in this article, based on the materials of the state inventory, tables of growth progress for this species have been developed. The experimental material has been 159 model trees from permanent sample plots laid in plantations of different forest types and quality classes during the state forest inventory. When studying the growth patterns of the Amur cork tree, two approaches have been used. In the first case, when leveling taxation indicators, the diameter of the trees has been taken as an independent variable, and in the second – their age. The first version of the growth progress table is close to the digit scale of volumes, in the second case it corresponds to the generally accepted form of growth progress tables. In both versions, the total wood productivity, as well as the volume of bark and cork, has been calculated. The number of trunks has been found through the thinning constant. In plantations, the Amur cork tree occurs in single specimens, rarely growing in groups of up to 10 trees. In the analyzed sample, the maximum age of the Amur cork trees has been 100 years, the height – 25 m and the diameter – 60 cm. The developed growth progress tables reflect the patterns of development of the Amur cork trees growing in the Priamur-Primorskiy coniferous-broad-leaved area. The first growth progress table has been compiled by diameter classes, the second – by age classes. In comparison with oak, according to the growth progress tables, the Amur cork tree has shown a higher increment potential in terms of stock per one tree. The compiled tables can be used to calculate the reserves of the Amur cork tree wood as part of a mixed stand, the cork volume and mass, the amount of damage to plantations caused by logging or fires, and for other purposes. The high growth rate of the Amur cork tree at a young age indicates the prospects of this species for afforestation.

As part of extensive molecular and genetic research into African swine fever virus isolates circulating in Russia, a recombinant variant with a mosaic genome structure has been identified. The one that caused an outbreak on a pig farm in the Primorsky Krai, in 2023. The characterized strain ASFV/Primorsky_2023/DP-4560.Recdemonstrates hemadsorption, active propagation in porcine primary macrophage cell culture, 99.9917% identity with the first recombinant isolates from the People’s Republic of China, recovered in 2021. Recombination sites included 79 open reading frames homologous to genotype II isolates; 49 ones homologous to genotype I and 12 mixed ones. Testing biomaterial from dead pigs in real-time polymerase chain reaction showed no changes in sensitivity or specificity, despite significant genetic distinctions between the recombinant and genotype II isolates that are enzootic to the Russian Federation. However, in 2023, D. Zhao et al. reported on high virulence of the virus related variants as revealed by the challenge tests in domestic pigs. Given the accelerating rates of AFSV molecular evolution in the East Asian countries (China, Vietnam and the Far Eastern regions of Russia), it is required to improve control measures, general and specific prevention, national and international surveillance over the economically significant animal disease.

Based on the analysis of the identified sources, the article examines the measures taken by the anti-Bolshevik authorities to regulate the circulation of foreign currency in the Russian Far East in 1919 in the context of historical events of the Civil War and intervention. The theoretical basis of the research is such methods of historical research as historical-genetic, historical-comparative methods, as well as the method of content analysis. Attempts to counter the currency dominance of the money market of the Russian Far East are described, the reasons for the failures of these measures of the white authorities are indicated.

For studying the Great Patriotic War history, the testimonies of direct participants and eyewitnesses of the events of the war years are of great importance. The purpose of the article is to give a comprehensive description of documents of personal origin (memoirs, diaries, letters) reflecting the participation of Siberians (soldiers and home front workers) in the Great Patriotic War. The article designates these documents by the generalizing term “ego-documents”, generally accepted in the social sciences and humanities. The authors make a brief review of domestic and foreign publications on the introduction into scientific circulation and the evolution of the concept of “ego-document”. To solve the research problems, they identified a documentary stream (DS) of publications containing ego-documents. It was based on the materials of the bibliographic database (DB) “Scientific Siberica: nature, history, economics, culture, science of Siberia and the Far East” (“Nauchnaya Sibirika: priroda, istoriya, ekonomika, kultura, nauka Sibiri i Dalnego Vostoka”), generated by the SPSTL SB RAS, supplemented by data of publications from other authoritative sources. The article presents a bibliometric analysis of the DS content: the type-species composition of publications, types of ego-documents, the dynamics of publications in a time perspective (1945–2022), geographical data on the places of conscription, the residence of ego-documents authors, topics of publications, etc. An overview of some number of ego-documents publications from DS is given. Research results: a steady dynamics of quantitative increase in publications of ego-documents has been revealed since the 90s. XX century; the diversity of the type-species structure of DS was determined; the geographical connection of DS publications with the territories of 20 regions of Siberia and the Far East is shown; the main topics of ego-documents have been identified with a brief description of individual publications.

The problem of providing employees with food was one of the most difficult and urgent for the leadership of the NKVD during the Great Patriotic War. The efficiency of labor collectives, the moral and psychological state of the staff directly depended on the solution of this issue. In this publication, based on documentary sources, a significant part of which is being introduced into scientific circulation for the first time, the goal was to analyze and summarize the historical experience of the activities of the territorial bodies of the NKVD of the Far East in solving the issue of food supply of personnel. The research used the principles of historicism, objectivity and consistency, as well as methods of social history. The conducted research showed that the wartime had a negative impact on the financial situation of the NKVD personnel. The problem of meeting the basic living needs of employees, in particular the provision of food, has become particularly acute. This situation reduced the motivation of labor collectives, provoked the commission of disciplinary offenses and crimes caused by the desire of employees to improve the financial situation of their families. The main ways to improve the food supply system for employees of the territorial bodies of the NKVD of the Far East during the Great Patriotic War were: the expansion of the practice of self-procurement and decentralized procurement; the introduction of a system of standardized food supply for employees; streamlining the activities of the Special Trade system; improving the efficiency of subsidiary farms; the development of individual and collective gardening. Characteristic aspects of the life of the employees were agricultural work in individual and collective gardens, in subsidiary farms. The implemented set of measures made it possible to ensure the food security of labor collectives, which should certainly be considered an important merit of the leadership and party organizations of the Far Eastern NKVD bodies. At the same time, activities related to self-sufficiency led to a significant diversion of personnel resources from solving the main service and operational tasks, which negatively affected the effectiveness of law enforcement work.

The experience of exploration and development of the Russia’s Far East from different directions, at different scales of time and space is summarized, starting from the foundation of Vladivostok in 1860, the most remote large city from both Russian capitals. It is shown that the maritime (eastern) route in the past and the space route today play no less a role in the development of the macroregion than the traditional overland (western) path. The sea ways played a decisive role until the launch of the Trans-Siberian Railway entirely across the territory of Russia in 1916, and since the beginning of the 1970s, the symbiosis of digital and space technologies makes it possible to remove restrictions on the spatial accessibility of an ever wider range of functions, land and water areas, concurrently expanding the opportunities for their consolidation and integration into both the national territory of Russia, and Greater Eurasia. Exploration of Space as a part of geosphere laid the foundation for the transformation of the traditional model of the Far East spatial development, with competition and alternating dominance of the land and sea routes. Since the early 1970s, within the framework of this transformation, the division of labor between modes and systems of transport and directions of communication has been gradually harmonized, when the development of the macroregion from the sea and by land are increasingly acting not as competing, but as complementary

Natalya Alekseevna Shabelnikova, Doctor of Historical Sciences, Professor, Police Colonel, Honored Worker of Internal Affairs of the Russian Federation. She is the author of scientific research on the history of law enforcement agencies in a wide problem-thematic and chronological range. This interview was agreed in October 2022 during the scientific official journey N. A. Shabelnikova in Omsk to participate in the work of the II All-Russian Scientific and Practical Conference «Activities of domestic special services in the era of social cataclysms». The interview was given remotely, and then edited by Natalya Alekseevna from Vladivostok in January 2023. The conversation was devoted to the prospects for studying the history of Russian special services in Russia, modern estimates of the historiography of the Civil War in the Far East and the policy of preserving historical memory in Russia.

For a long time, the Far East was not one of key regions of the FRG's efforts to ensure strategic positions at the global level. The tendency has changed dramatically in 2020-2021, despite the “freezing” the majority of the world political processes during the COVID-19 pandemics. The article explains it, using the methods of event-analysis and the analysis the structure of German diplomatic missions and the profile department of the FRG`s MFA. The goal of the article is to study the features and «narrow places» of deployment German military presence in the Pacific (first of all the political-diplomatic preparations of the process).The article issues the usage of the Indo-Pacific region concept in FRG`s foreign policy at conceptual and practical levels. The author stresses that at the beginning of 2020s Germany really focused not in the Indo-Pacific region as a whole, but in the «extended» Far East. This process is considered in the context of achieving geopolitical and image compensation for the ending of the Bundeswehr long-term presence in Afghanistan (2021). The present paper shows the key regional partners of Germany. The development of bilateral relations with them has become the key way to provide FRG`s military and political presence in the Far East. In most cases, a significant export of German military production was transformed into a willingness for bilateral cooperation of the armed forces. The author issues the features of German political and military dialogue with Japan, Singapore, South Korea and Australia in 2020-2021. The position of the USA during Donald Trump`s presidency made German plans difficult to implement. But most difficult for Germany was the search for balanced forms of support for the United States in their confrontation with the PRC already during the rule of Joe Biden`s administration. The article issues the dispatch to the Pacific Ocean of the first German military ship that was the frigate “Bayern” (2021, August – 2022, February). Special attention is paid to the factor of AUKUS.

The article examines the British foreign policy strategy in the Far Eastern region in the late XIX – early XX centuries. In the second half of the XIX century, the final division of spheres of influence in the world took place. Despite this fact, a number of states sought to redistribute it, so it is not surprising that the Far East in these conditions aroused interest from the United Kingdom, Russia, the United States, France and Germany, Japan. During the designated period, Great Britain tried to maintain its leadership position in the international arena in the changing geopolitical and economic conditions. The competition of the leading powers in the Far Eastern region was active. Gradually, against this background, Great Britain’s diplomacy is moving from a policy of «brilliant isolation» to a policy of concluding alliances with those powers whose interests are closest to the British. From the second half of the XIX century until the beginning of the XX century, Great Britain resisted Russia’s aggressive policy in Central Asia and the Far East and, based on this, built its relations with other states. Great Britain pursued its colonial policy very carefully, resorting to colonial seizures only when a violation of British interests was inevitable.

In the late 1920s, the Soviet Union launched an official campaign against the so-called "Great Russian chauvinism." As a result, the Bolshevik Party embarked on a relentless offensive against this phenomenon. Decisions related to the support of national minorities were made at governmental and regional levels across all regions of the country. Soviet indigenization policy and the illconceived population resettlement policy contributed to the rise of nationalism. Resettlement was conducted on the entire territory of the Soviet Union with the aim of improving the economy and the national defense capability. The indigenous Slavic population often did not wish to accept the resettled people. In the Far East of the Soviet Union, the so-called Easterners, represented by the Chinese and the Koreans, often endured destructive consequences of local nationalism. Despite this negative experience, the majority of Koreans accepted the official Soviet discourse proclaiming the unity and equality of all nations and participated in the overall Soviet social-economic development and its collectivisation effort. In the Far East, joining a Soviet collective farm (kolkhoz) was the only option of survival for Koreans who were deprived of the right to return to their homeland. Kolkhoz was a safe space where Koreans could band together under state protection against local nationalism. It also gave Korean peasants a chance to work on land in consolidated ethnic units, preserving their language and culture. The Chinese population was primarily represented by seasonal workers. Unlike Koreans, they could freely move back to China at any time. As a result, Chinese were reluctant to join kolkhoz and avoided accepting Soviet citizenship. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper addresses issues related to determining the typical signs of the Mongolian culture in the territory of the Jurchen settlements in Primorye. Research of the settlements dated back to the period of the Yuan Dynasty located in the territory of the Far East is a highly topical issue. Until recently, green glazed ceramics and roof tiles with triangular drips and decorative dragon ornaments have been considered as remarkable features for defining the Yuan cultural layer on the archaeological sites of Primorye. The archaeological material collected at Jurchen settlements has proved that these attributes are not conclusive in identifying the Mongol period. Nowadays, the only artifact that can be regarded as feasible evidence of the Mongolian activity in the territory of Primorye in the Yuan period is a bronze weight inscribed the Kublai Khan’s era name that was excavated in the 1970s. Considering that the information about this find has not yet been published, the goals of the research featured in this article are to introduce into scientific discourse new epigraphical data, and raise an issue of determining the markers indicative of the Yuan Dynasty at the sites of the Eastern Xia State. According to the written sources, after the capture of the state founder in 1233, the Mongols moved away and left the state under control of a hundred odd equestrians. The Eastern Xia became the Mongols’ vassal state and remained in this state for many years. When the Yuan Dynasty was established, the Mongols cancelled the former Jurchen administrative units in the invaded territories of the Liaodong Peninsula and Primorye, and the area was now under direct governance of the Yuan Dynasty. In Primorye, it presumably was the period when the Mongols began to build military settlements that represented a new type of fortification constructions. Nowadays, the archaeological site of Batjuki can be regarded as an example of such type of constructions. An analysis of the studied finds demonstrates that the attribution of archaeological material to indicators of Mongolian presence requires well-dated artifacts, which include epigraphical objects.

The article presents the goal-to develop recommendations for the implementation of measures to attract and employ citizens in the enterprises of the Far East. The authors analyze the economic potential of the region, present statistical data on the population in general and the working-age population in particular, and describe changes in the population structure in recent years. Separately, the state employment policy and specific measures to correct the difficult situation in the Far East are considered. The study identified the main causes of difficulties in the employment sector in the region, on the basis of which recommenda tions were proposed for the implementation of measures to attract and employ citizens in enterprises.

Background. The article provides a general description of the activities of the mobile units of the Russian Red Cross Society (ROKK) and their role in organizing a system for ensuring the health of small ethnic groups in the Far East in the 1920s, an assessment of their activities in the framework of the Soviet national policy is given. Purpose. The article identifies and examines the importance of a mobile type of organizing medical and sanitary care for aborigines as the first stage in the formation of the Soviet health care system in remote regions. Materials and methods. The material for the study is the archival documents of the State Archives of the Russian Federation and the State Archives of the Khabarovsk Krai. The traditional methods of historical research were used through analyzing the material, such as chronological, historical-systemic and comparative-typological. Results. Due to the activities of the ROKK units, the data are significantly refined, and in some regions, statistics are obtained on the spread of various diseases, on the peculiarities of the lifestyle of indigenous peoples, primary medical care is provided to the indigenous population, and basic sanitary and hygienic skills and first aid techniques were trained. Practical implications. The scientific results of the research can be used in the educational process (in the form of textbooks, lecture courses) on ethnography, history of the Russian Far East, etc.

The results of the study of Adenocaulon adhaerescens Maxim., the only species which "escaped" from the Main Botanical Garden (MBG RAS, Moscow) and invaded the anthropogenically disturbed territories of the Moscow region, are summarized. The history of intentional introduction of the species and stages of formation of spontaneous invasive population are described. The characteristics of the plant communities and habitats of the species are given. Data on the population size, seed productivity in the native and the secondary ranges, and vegetative propagation of plants are given. The morphological characters at different stages of plant ontogenesis are described. A comparative analysis of morphometric characters of seeds, leaves, and inflorescences in the native and secondary ranges of the species has been performed. Molecular genetic analysis of A. adhaerescens samples from the native and secondary ranges and closely related species of the genus Adenocaulon has been performed. The analysis has confirmed the validity of recognition of A. adhaerescens as a separate species. Diagnostic features of A. adhaerescens are described. The results of management invasive population in MBG RAS are presented and recommendations on control measures of A. adhaerescens dispersal are given. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Information Library Magazine 'INFOLIB' is the property of National Library of Uzbekistan named after Alisher Navoi and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The article reconstructs individual characteristics of the subjects of the initial colonization of Siberia and the Far East and episodes of their advance to new lands. The main methodological approach of the research is the principle of historicism, as well as the principle of “activity constitutes”, widespread in psychological science, according to which identical activities and external conditions should give rise to similar worldview systems. On the basis of this premise, the possibility of judgments by analogy is substantiated in relation to the motives and goals of the first colonizers of Siberia based on the materials of the development of the Far East by the Russians. On the basis of materials of personal origin, the author examines the strategies of legitimizing individual actions of the pioneers through forcing the factor of external threat, as well as using the idea of “state good”. The colonialists use these arguments as a justification for their own actions in the east. At the same time, the acts of colonization undertaken by them have an adventurous connotation characterized by actions with a pronounced emotional component of the decisions made. The problems of relations with aborigines are considered separately. It is concluded that the idea of “peaceful peasant colonization”, which has a civilizing significance for the local population is untenable, as well as the conventionality of the transition of the aborigines under the authority of the Moscow government, which is fully realized by the pioneers.

The article analyzes the activities of regional Internet companies offering books in Siberia and the Far East. The research methodology is based on the combination of comparative-typological analysis and landscape-reconstructing approach. Use is made of monitoring results of bookselling enterprises in the region within the framework of the federal project “Cultural Map of Russia”. It is shown that online sales are a dynamically developing channel of the traditional (printed) retail book market in Russia. Based on the identification and analysis of the main characteristics of enterprises offering books on the Internet (location, subject of the Russian federation, assortment, degree of integration, structure of the enterprise, etc.), the most common groups of enterprises in the regional book market are identified: internet divisions of publishing houses; multi-profile online stores; online book stores without retail divisions; online stores of bookselling enterprises. As the most common type in the regional market, the Internet divisions of wholesale and retail independent and online bookselling enterprises are identified. The features of the presentation of a specialized book on the Internet are revealed. The main areas of specialization of federal, regional and local companies offering book products on the Internet along with other products are identified: educational and office supplies, educational games and toys, business and technical literature, etc. The trends and promising directions of development of the regional online book trade are revealed. Diversification of activities and multichannel are defined as the key trend in the development of the regional book market.

Introduction: Despite the high proportion of children and adolescents living in low‐ and middle‐income countries, 95% of all specialized child and adolescent mental health resources are located in high‐income countries. To strengthen child and adolescent mental health services (CAMHS), first it is necessary to complete an assessment of the available services and training programs to determine what is needed, particularly in regions with young populations, such as Southeast Europe, the Far East, and the Middle East. The aim of this article is to compare the status of child and adolescent psychiatry (CAP) training programs and the workforce in CAMHS in three geographical regions, to identify similar problems, highlight success stories, and to make recommendations for future studies. Methods: This study compared CAP training programs and CAMHS workforce using the World Psychiatric Association, CAP Section's regional studies data. Results: This study included data from 44 countries: 18 countries in the Far East, 15 countries in the Middle East, and 11 countries in Southeast Europe. There were significant differences both within, and between, the three included regions with regards to availability and infrastructure of CAP training programs. Besides Greece, all included countries reported the need for more child and adolescent psychiatrists and allied child and adolescent mental health professionals. Discussion: There is an urgent need for more qualified child and adolescent psychiatrists and allied professionals in a very large group of countries in three different geographic regions with great differences in religion, culture, and economy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article describes the directions of distribution of books for children in the Eastern regions of Russia that have appeared in the last decade. Based on a combination of landscape-reconstructing principles, surveys, and comparative typological analysis, the article presents data that expand previously studied aspects of the functioning of the main channels for the sale of books for children in the Siberian-Far Eastern region. It is shown that books for children are the largest segment of the Russian book market, which has been growing since 2008. At the regional level, they are widely presented in all book distribution channels: bookselling networks and independent stores; online stores; book departments of supermarkets (non-core retail); kiosks and stalls; book fairs. The purpose of the article is to analyze the current trends in the distribution of books for children in the region. Positive trends typical for the children book market in the Siberian-far Eastern region are identified. They are: the activity of children book supermarkets, the appearance of independent small stores of club-backstage format, the organization of specialized children Internet projects; increasing the importance of regional book exhibitions, fairs, festivals and holidays in the distribution of books for children; projects support by major Russian patrons. The significance of the study of new practices for the distribution of literature for children and youth in the region is determined by their influence on the formation of a new conceptual model for the popularization of reading, based on the idea of culture as a powerful lever of socio-economic development of territories.

The article discusses the poetics of the story Dere ‒ Water Wedding by Venedikt Mart in the context of prose published in the period from 1924 to 1930 devoted to the Far East topics. The writer is often remembered as one of the brightest representatives of futurism in the Far East, however, his prose is still poorly understood. V. Mart’s work is closely connected with the literary process of the Asia-Pacific region, this work reflects the problem of the loss of national and cultural identity of the Far Eastern population, in particular the identity of “gol’dy”. The story has an educational orientation and, at the same time, has a peculiar artistic world. The article discusses the methods of creating fabulous coloring at the substantive and narrative levels. The purpose of the study is to identify the features of poetics and plot through which the author shows the loss of self-identification and the loss of the ancient traditions of a small Far Eastern people under the influence of the realities of the “new life”. We consider the story Dere ‒ Water Wedding as the last prose work by V. Mart on the Far Eastern theme in the context of his other works in order to trace the artistic transformations and changes in texts devoted to this subject. The study revealed that by the beginning of the 1930s, the writer had abandoned futuristic techniques using irony to create a comic effect and returning to the origins of literature ‒ a fairy tale story. A comprehensive study of V. Mart’s work on one topic allows us to identify another feature of his work ‒ the use of “nomadic” phrases, which are almost literally repeated in texts published in another years.

The relevance of the research is conditioned by the necessity to expand the resource base of the Russian Far East. The study of sedimentary basins and their hydrocarbon potential, the development of new forecast technologies for traditional and unconventional hydrocarbon fields is a priority for the Russian Academy of Sciences for many years. The evaluation of source rocks based on levels of their enrichment with the organic matter and its generation potential will provide valuable data for basin modeling. Besides, given that the Ushumunskoe source rocks have not been studied by organic geochemical methods, the present study sets out to clarify the conditions of the organic matter accumulation, and to reconstruct landscapes and biota in the Cenozoic Era. The aim of the research is to characterize the biological source of the organic matter, conditions of its accumulation, diagenetic settings and the level of the Ushumunskoe source rocks maturity. Objects of the research are the Ushumunskoe coals, clays and siltstones from the Middle Amur sedimentary basin. Methods: comparison of the results of pyrolysis and isotope analysis of the organic matter and characteristics of biomarker hydrocarbons obtained using chromatography-mass spectrometry in saturated and aromatic fractions of bitumen extracts, evaluation of sources, as well as diagenetic and catagenetic conditions of organic matter. Results. The Paleogene–Neogene source rocks of the Ushumunskoe brown coal field in the Middle Amur sedimentary basin were studied by the methods of organic geochemistry for the first time. The organic matter of the studied samples has signs of both terrestrial and sapropelic types. The organic carbon isotopic composition, n-alkanes distribution, the presence of kaurane, beyerane, phyllocladanes (biomarkers of higher plants Podocarpaceae and Araucareaceae) in the saturated fraction of extractable bitumens, retene (biomarker of conifers) in the aromatic fraction indicate the terrestrial (humic) nature of organic matter. At the same time, in most samples the aromatic fraction characteristics correspond to the sapropelic organic matter, which is evidenced by low concentrations of phenanthrenes, high concentrations of mono- and triaromatic steroids, distributions of methyldibenzothiophenes, and probable presence of long-chain alkylnaphthalenes (biomarkers of lake algae Gloeocapsomorpha prisca and Botryococcus braunii). Phytane concentrations are significantly higher, than pristane, and half of the samples according to the hydrogen index (HI) values belong to type II. Due to the absence of marine deposits in the study area, type II is probably a mixture of type I (lacustrine) and III (continental). Moreover, judging by the HI variations throughout the section, depositional environments changed repeatedly from lacustrine to peatbog and vice versa. In some samples, the maxima in the acyclic isoprenoids fall on i-C21 and i-C22, possibly due to the significant contribution of archea to the original living substance. According to the high concentrations of dibenzothiophenes, the organic matter underwent diagenesis with high content of hydrogen sulfide in sediment. Probably, the duality of signatures (terrestrial and sapropelic) is associated with the specificity of the initial biota in this basin and is characteristic of its age and/or geographical localization. The vitrinite reflectance data, pyrolytic characteristics, high carbon preference index in n-alkanes, the presence of biohopanes and hopenes, almost complete absence of typical steranes and terpanes, and distribution of triaromatic steroids are interpreted as indications of immature organic matter, with the latter potentially enhancing such a duality of characteristics.

Due to the rapid globalization in the second half of the 20th century the problems of preserving and studying the historical and cultural heritage of certain territories of national states have become especially relevant and socially significant. Since the book is a form of presentation of cultural heritage values, the memorial function responsible for preserving the heritage of certain territories and making population familiar to it is of fundamental importance for regional book culture. The purpose of the study presented in the article is to reveal ways to implement the memorial function of the regional book culture in Siberia and the Far East in the 2000–2010s. As a methodological basis, the theoretical model of book culture proposed by K. Migoń was used, who distinguishes the local, regional, national, supranational, cultural-civilizational and world “cultural circles of the book”. The activities of publishing houses and publishing organizations in Siberia and the Far East are treated within the local and regional “circles” as a part of the national Russian book culture. The article shows the main actors of modern local history book publishing in Siberia and the Far East: these are the majority of regional publishing houses and those publishing organizations whose activities are institutionally related to the preservation of historical and cultural heritage (museums, archives and libraries). Methods for popularizing their products are presented. For the first time, examples of product placement in advertising local history literature are identified and presented. The author concludes that Internet is becoming the main channel for the dissemination and popularization of regional local history book production, that opens the access to a wider circle of readers of historical and cultural heritage of Siberia and the Far East.

The article focuses on the search for architectural representations of the Russian Empire on new lands (the Far East and Turkestan), which simultaneously became part of it in the late 19th – early 20th centuries. The article consists of two parts. The first one reviews the architectural and spatial arrangement of railways, which were the colonization structural frame: the eastern part of the Transsib (the Amur and Ussuri Railways), the Chinese Eastern Railway (CER), and the Trans-Caspian Military Railway (TCMR). The second part of the article describes the evolution of the colonial orientalism and national stylistics. The article draws a conclusion about the variability of the cultural policy of the Russian colonialism.

Copyright of Tyragetia is the property of National Museum of History of Moldova and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The article summarizes the historical experience on support of the Siberian and Far Eastern regional book publishing by regional and national republican authorities and management in the late twentieth – early twenty-first century. During 25 years regional administrations have passed a long way from unskillful attempts to copy the support measures practiced at the Federal center, from the single support of individual publications to an elaborate system of assistance for authors and publishers producing socially demanded books, mainly of local and regional content. The author considers the historical evolution of this process – development of management decisions on financing local publishing proposals aimed at strengthening the cultural, scientific and creative potential of the regions in the East of Russia. The classification, characteristics and evaluation of each of the forms for publishing support used in the regional practice are given. The author has come to conclusion that the best examples of publishing projects effective assistance are the activity of Omsk region and Krasnoyarsk Krai administrations. The former has the support model, in which distribution of funds is based on the publishing program of the regional Ministry of culture. In the latter the funds are allocated in the form of social grants to the regional winners of the annual contest “Book Krasnoyare”, that is fixed in its regional legislation as the protected item of expenditure. It is stated that not all administrations in the regions of Siberia and the Far East are concerned about the development of local publishing. In many regions the forms and level of support for the publishing environment do not meet the needs of society, remain unchanged since the end of the twentieth century.

The paper presents the assessment of the participation of the Republic of Buryatia in long-term programs of socio-economic development of the Far East. The conclusion is drawn about a significant non-fulfillment of the indicators of the Long-Term State Program for the period up to the year 2000. A comparative analysis of the contents of the Federal Target Program for the Economic and Social Development of the Far East and Transbaikal in its various editions is carried out. There have been significant changes in the goals and priorities of the program at different stages of its implementation, due to a change in the concept and government customer coordinators. The composition of the planned activities in the whole macroregion, as well as in the Republic of Buryatia, is considered. Their structure and funding volume were investigated, including at the expense of the federal budget. There are dignificant discrepancies between the planned and actual values ??of macroeconomic indicators of the development of the Republic of Buryatia for 2013. The article identifies the main reasons for non-compliance with measures of the economic unit of the program in the republic, including excessive optimism regarding the implementation of projects on the mineral resource complex and insufficient budget funding. It is shown that the implementation of the planned activities of the program contributed to the development of the social sphere and the transport infrastructure of the Republic of Buryatia, enhancing tourist and recreational activities. The authors suggest the possibility of the negative impact of the institutional gap in the form of a residual approach to funding the constituent entities of the Russian Federation that were not part of the Far Eastern Federal District: the Republic of Buryatia, the Trans-Baikal Territory and the Irkutsk Region. It is shown that the share of the republic in funding from the federal budget did not exceed 5% of the total amount intended for the entire macro-region. The conclusion is made about the low level of state support of measures in the Republic of Buryatia, carried out within the framework of the Federal Target Program, as compared with the Far Eastern regions

«Own» Siberian and Far Eastern networks formed by bookselling enterprises «Primorsk Trade House of Books» (1926), «Sibverk», (1991), «Mirs» (1992), «ProdaLit’» (1996), «Aristotel’» (2011) etc. determine the state of bookselling space in the region. By 2017, «ProdaLit’» is a powerful bookselling network with 54 stores (45 to 2000 m2, totaling 21697.5 m2) in four constituent entities of the Russian Federation (15 cities) and an Internet-shop. In 2016, the retail direction of the company was 67%, wholesale - 33%. The share of books in the company's turnover was 44.7% in 2015, and 43.2% in 2016. The company actively promotes the idea of a bookstore as a modern cultural and leisure center (CDC). The fate of the Far Eastern wholesale and retail network leader «MIRS» created in 1992 in Khabarovsk is similar in the history and present-day condition. In 2017, the network consisted of a head office in Khabarovsk, six wholesale branches, a distribution warehouse in Moscow, 63 storehouses (from 18 to 765 m2, in total, 16796.39 m2) in 16 cities and an online store. The contribution of the book assortment to the company turnover is about 30%. The company develops wholesale and retail directions; has introduced several bookstore formats into bookselling practice, the discount store «Plyushkin» (26 stores of 63 ones) has recently become the most prevalent. Each Siberian and Far Eastern cities with a population above 100,000 people has several local bookselling companies. The largest are: «Center-book» (Omsk, 12 stores), «City bestseller» (Krasnoyarsk, 26 stores and 7 departments), Svetlana (Irkutsk, 12 stores), Globus (Vladivostok, 7 stores), «Book Club Plus» (Tomsk, 7 stores), etc. The main characteristics of the regional network book trade are: · uneven development, unstable condition; · the greatest influence / significant effect of own regional networks on the local bookselling landscape: both through increasing the number of stores (retail), and providing logistics services to other booksellers in the region (wholesale direction); · creation and use of various formats of retail and wholesale-retail trade, as well as their combinations, taking into account the regional specifics; · diversification of activities; · organization of own online stores; · active propaganda of reading: stores become cultural and leisure centers; create and develop their own programs to support and develop reading and books; implement social projects; · raising competition with the market development. In general, significant, and sometimes determining, online bookselling companies effect on the regional bookselling landscape formation.

In March 2017, after the adoption of the Russian Federation Economic Security Strategy until 2030, the need for strengthening the security of the subjects of the Russian Federation including macro-regions became relevant. In this aspect, the Arctic zone of the Russian Federation deserves special attention as it is a strategically important not only for economic, but also the national security of the country. Therefore, at the present stage of the state development, the substantiation of the special measures for the stimulation of the macro-region’s development to ensure its economic security is a relevant and priority task. The authors have analysed the intermediate results of some priority development areas since their creation in 2014. We have concluded that not enough time has passed to estimate whether this mechanism was effective or not in stimulating the regional growth and development of the business. Therefore, despite the traditional financial indicators of investment efficiency, we have included the estimation of quantitative change of one productive indicator depending on the change of a number of the parameters influencing this indicator in the assessment of the efficiency of priority development areas. We have estimated this quantitative change by means of the instruments of correlation and regression, and trend modelling. To apply this approach, we have designed a dependency model of the index of industrial production of Primorsky Krai as one of the indicators of the Economic Security Strategy on revealed factors, which cause the growth or decrease of this index. The economic interpretation of the model outputs consists in the following. When investments into fixed capital increase by 1 million rubbles, the index of industrial production in the region grows by 0,9 %. When the indicator of the real monetary income of the population increases by 1 thousand rubbles, the index of industrial production in the region decreases by 1,36 %. Trend forecasting has allowed to define such indicators as the investments into fixed capital and the real income of the population continue to change, the index of industrial production will show a steady downward trend for three next years. This proves that the policy of management of priority development areas in Primorsky Krai is inefficient. The research has concluded that from the perspective of ensuring the economic security of the macro-region, the creation of priority development areas in the Arctic will be effective only when all shortcomings of its functioning are eliminated. It is defined on the basis of the analysis of the corresponding experience of the Far East. High-quality forecasts will contribute to a positive impact from the creation of priority development area not only on the socio-economic sphere of the Arctic, but also on the strengthening the economic security of the macro-region in general. The results of the research can be used for the regional governance, monitoring of regional economic security, as well as for the increase in the scientific validity of state decisions.

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The results of the numerical simulation of intense convection that caused the tornado in the city of Blagoveshchensk on July 31, 2011 are presented. The WRF-ARW nonhydrostatic mesoscale model on the nested grids with the spacing to 500 m is used for simulations. It is found that the tornado was initiated by the meso-γ vortex associated with a quasilinear convective system at the height of 700–900 m. The mesovortex was generated when the wind shear in the lower 2-km layer was 21–27 m/s and convective available potential energy was to 1800 J/kg. The position and center of the mesovortex were specified by the values of vorticity and the Okubo–Weiss number. The simulated tornado was formed close to this mesovortex. The main contribution to the intensification of vertical velocity in the tornado was made by the perturbations of pressure and buoyancy and that to vorticity was made by the horizontal advection. The simulated time of occurrence, location, and duration of the event slightly differ from the real ones. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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The paper provides information on the distribution of coltsfoot (Tussilago farfara L.) in the south of Primorsky Territory (the Russian Far East). It is established that, in the study area, the species is massively found along the roadsides and inhabits anthropogenic landscapes (gardens, abandoned fields, wastelands in cities and towns), and a single case of introduction into the forest biocenosis on the territory of the Ussuri Nature Reserve is noted. According to the degree of naturalization, the species can be attributed to epecophytes, the self-renewal and naturalization of which is possible only among anthropogenic vegetation in disturbed and artificial habitats. It is necessary to continue monitoring of its distribution in the region to prevent the introduction into natural biocenoses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The employment issues existing in contemporary Russia including its socio-demographic, economic and regional dimensions are considered. It is argued and substantiated that priority strategies to cope with these issues include: reduction of unemployment and handling of the unemployment benefits’ payments; prevention of the labor force decreasing; including informal (unreported) employment into the public statistical accounting; providing for the people inflow to and increasing employment of those living in Siberia and the Far East of Russia; organization of 25 million high-productive jobs in the national economy.

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In XX and XXI centuries in connection with the radical social changes researchers have at-tempted to analyze the current transformation and to show their influence on the political, economic, social and cultural development of the country. The most important institutions of culture, i.e. theater, has passed a long way of reforming. The goals and objectives have always reflected the needs of society, the level of cultural development, profound moral needs of different social groups, as well as state policy concerning culture. Modernization of Russian theater took place in difficult historical conditions. Historical retrospective allows us to consider the development of theatrical business in Russia at the turn of XX – XXI centuries, to identify the positive aspects and shortcomings in the work of theaters in the new reality, to identify trends in the further development. Of particular importance for the study of Russian theater period of radical change is the study of theatrical business in the south of the Far East. The border location of the region, the special composition of the population, remoteness from the center of the country determined its specific development. At present, despite the attention of the Russian government paid at the development of the Far East, the region remains being the area with the lack of the necessary infrastructure. The problem of human resources and staff turnover is much sharper than in the central regions of the Russian Federation. Therefore, the study and compilation of the historical experience gained by researchers of the Far East, is important.

The article analyzes the process of formation of the population and labor force in the Far East. Migration has always been important in colonization of the Far Eastern lands. Over the years, the tsarist government used forced and «voluntary» relocation for the development and consolidation of the eastern lands under their jurisdiction.

The level of labor resources in the system of social production in different regions of Russia is very much different. So, many industries in regions of Far North and the Far East of the country in case of socialism and in the market relations still continue to have as before deficiency of a labor power. In this regard, it is highly important the implementation of socio-economic evaluation of the effectiveness of labor-saving direction of the intensification of production taking into account regional differences in labor resources. One of the most important indicators of labor-saving direction of the intensification of production is the ratio of labor productivity growth to the increase in the capital-labor ratio. However, it would be wrong for any value of saving their own labor to justify the growth of capital-labor ratio and fondamenti products. This raises important economic problem of the optimal ratio between capital-labor and growth of productivity at the expense of production technical equipment. In light of limited resources, ceteris paribus, the problem of prioritizing the most effective new techniques depending on the extent of territorial labor resources is critical. For such technology policy is to promote development in the industry, at least as part of the information base, regulatory factors determining the economic efficiency of fixed assets commissioning, which would take account of the level of labor resources in different regions of the country. Especially it is urgent for extreme regions of Far North and the Far East.

The article examines the issues of the territorial organization of social and economic space in the context of the development strategies implementation on the example of the Far East regions. This problem is associated with the growing unevenness of economic development under the conditions of the outflow of population. This leads to the growing shortage of labour, deteriorating age and educational structure of population. The population outflow results in the destruction of the existing patterns of settlement and an appropriate network of social services. The negative migration processes contribute to the loss of working-age population and increase of its differentiation. The authors hypothesized that the success of the regional strategies of socio-economic development is largely determined by the synthesis of agglomeration and cluster technologies based on the regional demographic, migration and settlement factors that are closely linked the processes of the organization of regional socio-economic space. The authors conducted the content analysis of the socio-economic development strategies of the Far East regions and substantiated a poor implementation of the cluster and agglomeration technologies in strategic planning, and the underestimation of contradictions in the strategies of socio-economic development conditioned by the outflow of the population. In the conclusion, the authors justified the necessity to develop and implement the mechanisms for the effective incorporation of the cluster and agglomeration technologies of the regional space organization in the socio-economic development of the regions of the Far East. The solution of the above mentioned problems, according to the authors, would contribute to a more substantiated development of regional spatial policy.

The maps of naturally determined geomorphologic tension, scale 1:8 million, for the territory of the Russian Far East and the central fragment of the mountain system of the Andes (between 5°S – 19°S) were compiled. We are using the term “tension” to define predisposition of the territory for the development of catastrophic processes. Tension wasevaluated in nominal scores accordingly to the regional level of generalization. Assessment was based on the analysis of seismicity, amount of precipitation, the depth of the relief dissection and the spectrum of the dominant geomorphologic processes. The value of geomorphologic tension in the Russian Far East region ranges from 3 to 16 conventional points: in the Western Okhotsk Sea coast area it was estimated at 7–10 points, in the Sakhalin – 10–12, in the Eastern Kamchatka – 13–15 and in separate Kuril Islands – 16 points. Thus, the study results confirmed the formerly stated supposition about the increase of nature-defined geomorphologic tension of the NW Pacific Ocean sector from the west to the east. The zone of maximum potential development of catastrophic processes in the SE sector of the Pacific Rim is situated at the western mega slope of the Peruvian Andes between 9°S and 13°30’S and in the band width of 100 km along the Pacific coast. The geomorphologic tension of this area reaches 15–16 points due to natural causes. The tension on the eastern mega slope of the Andes ranges from 9 to 12 points, except for some areas where it increases to 13–14; on the Altiplano it decreases to 6–10 points. An important feature of the study area is the asymmetric distribution of geomorphologic processes, so the geomorphologic tension, which significantly different at the oceanic and the inland (continental) slopes of the mountain chain. Comparison of data obtained for the two segments (NW and SE) of the Pacific Rim allows reaching a conclusion about the general regularities of the distribution of geomorphologic tension in the territory of marginal mountain belts around the Pacific Ocean with more confidence. The areas of potential catastrophic processes are located near the edge of the continent in either case.

The article analyses the legal acts concerning legislation tools, which provided transition from traditional societies to another model of development.

With account of perspective tendencies of formation and development of the cities at the southern part of the Russian Far East, and the formation of their ecological stability, the functional and planning structure for determining the landscaping of the urban land is analyzed. Historical mechanisms of the functional and planning structure forming in Birobidzhan are examined. Its main environmental features are analysed. Approaches to formation of the ecologically stable residential environment are described taking into account actual tasks of an urban development. The ratio of the built-up and undeveloped land, presence of green zones and sanitary buffer are the main indicators of ecologican stability of the residential environment. Effective usage of urban land is proposed.

The study of Amur linden (Tilia amurensis Rupr.) mosaics structure, which is one of significant edificators of low-disturbed Korean pine-broadleaved forests, is nowadays a very important task for understanding the functioning and maintaining the equilibrium state of ecosystems relatively untouched by human activity. In this connection, this paper is aimed at describing the structure and the process of mosaics formation of Amur linden (T. amurensis), one of the dominant stand species of Korean pine-broadleaved forests. Our study is based on the data collected during the field seasons of 2012–2016 in the two permanent plots (1.5 hectares and 10.5 hectares in size) located at the Verkhneussuriysky Research Station of the Federal Scientific Center for Biodiversity, Far East Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences. As a result we analyzed the structure and described the process of population mosaics formation of Tilia amurensis in Korean pine-broadleaved forests in the south of the Russian Far East. We demonstrated that the transformation of mosaics structure, formed by the plants of different generative state, passes from group allocation (immature plants) to almost random (generative plants). The separated pre-generative plants are situated too far from each other to interact in the revealed groups. Therefore the group allocation at different stages of development is connected with inhomogeneous environmental conditions and determined by local history of disturbances in the stabd.

The article discusses the role of Siberia and Far East regions in the integration process in the Asia-Pacific region, whose importance for Russia has increased after introduction of anti-Russian economic sanctions. The article describes the shortcomings of Russia’s eastern regions impeding integration with Asia-Pacific, provides recommendations how to remove them. The factors that will determine the direction of the APR in the next 20 years are listed. The analysis of areas where cooperation could bring the development of eastern regions of Russia and the Asia-Pacific region is given.

Some kinds of external migration of the population are considered as a risk factor for occurrence of the epidemic foci of dangerous infectious diseases in Siberian and Far Eastern Federal Districts of the Russian Federation. The role of tourism and labour transboundary migration in formation of epidemic complications for dangerous infectious diseases is shown. The urgency of threats for the disease importations representing danger to humans including influenza caused by a new virus subtype, measles, cholera, poliomyelitis and Dengue fever etc increases in the given regions.

The article presents the evolution of models and model complexes used to study the relationship between economy and energy sector; the authors characterize models that describe these relationships in exogenous form (optimization and simulation models) and endogenous form (integrated econometric and input-output models and models of economic interactions (general equilibrium models)). The researchers also develop a model of economic interactions of the Far East with a detailed energy sector and propose a series of experimental calculations based on this model. The paper includes estimation of intervals sustainability of regional macro-indicators to changes in energy and fuel prices; the authors find that the dynamics of GRP and income are more sensitive to changes in hydrocarbon prices than to changes in prices of electricity and coal. It is shown that in existing technologies the reduction in the price of coal relative to natural gas leads to lower economic growth in the region. It is established that the substitution of imported oil for that produced in the region leads to the downturn in the region’s economy, whereas in the case of coal it produces growth

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The analysis of research in various areas of administrating the Russian Empire in the 18th century allowed tracing the evolution of territorial transformations of the largest region in the Northeastern Asian part of Russia - Yakutia. There were considerable difficulties in the territory administrating due to its scale and the absence of transport routes. The activities on the territorial administrative organization in the Northeastern Asian part of Russia caused repeated changes not only in the territory boundaries, but also in its internal division. This is important when comparing other indicators (economy, population) of the territory changing its boundaries. The following methods of scientific research were used in the study of this subject: observation, comparison, systemic analysis, generalization, systematization, classification. The scientific novelty of the study consists in the comprehensive study of the issues of territorial and administrative transformations in the Asian part of Russia. These issues allow us to trace the adaptation of administrative units to the realities of the annexed territories, administration strengthening and relating them to the tasks of development objectives in the future. The Asian guberniyas (governorates) considerably exceeded the guberniyas in the European part of the empire in land area. Given the absence of effective transport routes, it severely hampered administrating these territories. The administrative redevelopment was caused by searching for the most optimal forms of administrating a vast territory which was remote from the center and by the Russian Empire integration into a legal and administrative space. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Publishing activity of the Far Eastern museums in 1992-2012 is studied. On the basis of a comparative analysis of data represented by Rosstat, the Ministry of Culture of the Russian Federation and portal «Museums of Russia» it was revealed that their statistics differ significantly. This circumstance doesn’t allow concluding surely what part of the Far East Museums produces publishing production. Centralization, character for the publishing activities of Russian museums is marked. It is associated with a concentration of museums bearing major national values in the central and north-western areas of the state. The Far East museums carrying on publishing activity were identified by data of the Internet portal «Museums of Russia», regional museum sites, bibliographic indices «Published in Primorsky Territory», «Published in Sakhalin», «Published in Khabarovsk Territory». The analysis of these sources showed that systematically publishing is generated only by large state regional and territorial museums. Departmental and municipal museums produce their publications irregularly due to lack of funds. The limiting factor is the absence of own printing facilities in museums. Main types of museum editions - periodical «Local Lore Notes» and «Heralds», monographs, collections of scientific papers and proceedings of conference and readings, exhibition catalogs and collections - are viewed. Cases of each edition type are represented. Specific feature of the Far Eastern museum book publishing is printing literature devoted to indigenous peoples of the region. The most relevant direction of museums publishing activity in early XXI century is the production of popular publications addressed to all categories of visitors. It is marked a shortage of books prepared by local museums for a children audience at the Far East. Museum editions are an important element of the cultural life in the region, acquaint readers with the natural and historical uniqueness of its territory.

The authors examine the main directions of the energy cooperation between Russia and China that were developed in the Program approved by the parties in 2009. Analysis of a number of the key projects of the regional cooperation between Russia and China shows that the innovative projects related to alternative and renewable energy sources will be implemented mainly by China, and the projects related to fuel extraction (coal. oil) and electricity production (even with the use of modern technology) by conventional methods will be implemented by Russia. Program according to the authors’ opinion should be supplemented by other projects that would reflect the mutual interest of Russia and China.