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The symbolic nature of taboo is examined as a container that differentiates developmental stages between the social values order/disorder through a ritual, liminal process of separating order as clean/blessed/safety and disorder as polluted/disassociated/risky. Unconscious/conscious taboos embody that perilous journey across margins in rites of passage and their emotional value and intensity in the form of symptomology varies cross‐culturally. Two clinical cases are presented to illustrate the influence of taboo on obsessive compulsions and anorexia nervosa. Particular attention is given as to whether dirt as disorder/rubbish can be recycled at the margins between safety and risk and value redistributed to the intrapsychic and psychosocial anomalous bits and pieces that are discarded as rubbish. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Analytical Psychology is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Crónica Tributaria is the property of Instituto de Estudios Fiscales, Ministerio de Hacienda y Funcion Publica and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Foco (Interdisciplinary Studies Journal) is the property of Revista Foco and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

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La Ley 7/2022 impone a los ayuntamientos el establecimiento de una tasa o tarifa que financie el servicio de recogida, transporte y tratamiento de residuos, las cuales habrán de ser específicas, diferenciadas y no deficitarias. La determinación y justificación del importe de las tasas o tarifas deberá plasmarse en un informe económico-financiero que incluya los costes directos e indirectos del servicio, los ingresos que genere y los módulos de reparto del coste neto entre los contribuyentes. Una de las principales novedades es la relativa a la introducción del pago por generación como elemento cuantificador.

As plantas espontâneas podem ocasionar reduções na produtividade dos cultivos agrícolas pela competição por nutrientes, luminosidade e água. A utilização de materiais de cobertura do solo pode auxiliar no controle dessas plantas indesejadas. O objetivo proposto deste estudo foi avaliar a utilização da lã ovina de descarte no controle de espécies espontâneas e na produtividade do repolho. A hipótese formulada foi que solos cobertos com lã ovina apresentam menor quantidade de plantas espontâneas e maior produtividade de repolho em comparação a solos sem cobertura ou cobertos com palha. O experimento foi conduzido durante o outono de 2021 em Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brasil. Os materiais de cobertura utilizados nesse estudo apresentaram pequena redução na quantidade de plantas espontâneas em relação ao solo sem cobertura. No entanto, os maiores rendimentos individuais e por área para a cultura do repolho foram alcançados no solo coberto com a lã ovina. A fertilidade oferecida pela lã bem como a retenção da umidade e diminuição da evapotranspiração do solo são apontadas como causas para o aumento da produtividade da cultura.

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Anaerobic digestion is a promising strategy to treat quail waste since it can be transformed into biogas. However, the high yield of biogas is related to the physicochemical characteristics of the biowaste as a substrate and the reactor applied. This study evaluated biogas and methane production from quail biowaste by applying water dilution strategies and varying the inoculum/substrate ratio (ISR) from 1/1, 1/2, and 1/3 inside the batch reactors. Biogas and methane potential tests were performed with raw manure (DB), cage-washing effluent (EB), and effluent diluted in water (ED) in a 1:1 (v/v) proportion. The highest biogas yield was obtained from sample ED, with ISR of 3/1 being the best condition, resulting in 677 LN biogas kg SV-1. The methane content in the biogas ranged from 59.6% to 66.8%, with the highest value obtained from sample ED with an ISR of 2/1. However, when evaluating the accumulated production of biogas based on fresh matter (FM) instead of volatile solids (VS), it was observed that the highest yield was obtained from sample DB (80 LN biogas kg FM-1). Thus, diluting quail manure with water can increase its biogas production when the results are expressed on a VS basis, but when the results are expressed on a FM basis, the scenario changes, and the raw quail manure (DB) results in the highest values. In addition, the ISR variation improved the comprehension of possible inhibitions along the process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Military-industrial practices have left widespread contamination affecting land, water, air, and human and nonhuman bodies. This article uses decolonial analysis to examine the racial-colonial foundations that underlie contemporary efforts to reuse former U.S. military land for development projects. Interrelating scholarship on security and development with that of militarization and political ecology, I use "geosocial spectacle" to probe the material and pedagogical governance, frontier logics, and colonial aesthetics that emerge through land remediation and redevelopment. Featuring two military sites within U.S. base closure and realignment—the U.S. Front Range area of Colorado and former U.S. unincorporated territory of the Panama Canal Zone—the article delineates and expounds on two types of U.S. military land conversions: brownfields and biodiversity recreation. The article interrelates the conversion of contaminated land in both cases as waste frontier that facilitates ongoing cycles of land repossession as a form of dispossession and containment or denial of war. The article concludes by advocating for decolonial studies of the global color line entrenched by the U.S. Pentagon's ongoing climate colonialism, to subvert the compartmentalized harms of war and capitalist extraction, and to galvanize explicitly anticolonial, antiracist land reuse and governance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article highlights the webinars on prevention and reuse in circular economy policies, organized by the International Center for Environmental Law Studies (CIEDA) and the Knowledge Exchange Forum on Waste and Circular Economy (FIREC). It addresses the importance of European regulations for the life cycle of packaging, with the aim of promoting an efficient internal market and reducing environmental impact. Expert conferences on topics such as eco-design, repair, and waste management are presented, with the participation of institutions such as the University of Santiago de Compostela and the University of Navarra. [Extracted from the article]

Este artículo analiza la obra Manual práctico del odio de Ferréz a la vista de algunas teo-rías que abordan aquello relegado a los márgenes. El objetivo es demostrar que en la obra de Ferréz todos los personajes, en su situación de sujetos marginalizados, patenti-zan la condición de residuo humano, siendo tanto víctimas rezagadas del progreso eco-nómico como víctimas de estigmas y diatribas que manifiestan seres jerárquicamente superiores. La pesquisa considera como eje vertebral el concepto de residuos humanos de Zygmunt Bauman, planteamiento que se entrelaza con fuentes secundarias (Butler, Lipovetsky, Lynch, Paugam, Silva-Santisteban, Wacquant) referentes a otras formas y dimensiones de la marginalidad. This article analyzes the work Manual Prático do ódio by Ferréz in the light of some theo-ries that deal with what is relegated to the margins. The aim is to demonstrate that in Ferréz’s work all the characters, in their situation of marginalized subjects, show the condition of human waste, being both lagging victims of economic progress and vic-tims of stigmas and diatribes manifested by hierarchically superior beings. The research considers Zygmunt Bauman’s concept of human waste as its backbone, an approach that is intertwined with secondary sources (Butler, Lipovetsky, Lynch, Paugam, Silva-Santisteban, Wacquant) referring to other forms and dimensions of marginality.

No Brasil, a produção nas indústrias de polpas de frutas cresce a cada ano, gera maior quantidade de resíduos e causa um impacto ambiental negativo. Uma opção viável para agregar valor e promover variadas formas de utilização para seu aproveitamento é a transformação destes subprodutos por secagem. Os produtos desidratados têm se destacado pela facilidade de conservação e comercialização. Uma maneira de empregar esses resíduos após a desidratação é incorporar, sob forma de pós, em sorvetes, como saborizantes naturais. Diante disso, objetivou estudar o aproveitamento dos resíduos desidratados de manga (RDM), goiaba (RDG) e acerola (RDA), obtidos por meio de secagem convectiva em bandejas (55 ºC/ 48 horas), e aplicá-los em sorvetes como saborizantes naturais. Foram avaliados nos sorvetes as características físico-químicas, propriedades funcionais e qualidade higienicossanitária, esta também para coprodutos desidratados. Quanto às análises físico-químicas, a amostra F3 (sorvete com adição de 10% de coproduto desidratado de acerola) apresentou destaque para acidez total (1,00%), acidez em ácido láctico (0,91%) e proteínas (4,63%). Quanto a carboidratos e valor calórico, as três formulações de sorvetes apresentaram semelhança entre si (p > 0,05). F3 mostrou mais rica em compostos fenólicos e vitamina C. F2 (sorvete com adição de 10% de coproduto desidratado de goiaba) apresentou maior teor de carotenoides em licopeno e menor teor de carotenoides em β-caroteno. A qualidade higienicossanitária esteve dentro dos padrões, tanto para os coprodutos desidratados das três frutas, quanto para as três formulações de sorvetes. Diante dos resultados satisfatórios das formulações, sugere-se que a adição dos coprodutos de manga, goiaba e acerola seja uma alternativa viável como saborizante natural e incremento de nutrientes e fitoquímicos em sorvetes, reduzindo o desperdício, sem interferir de forma significativa nas características do produto.

Decree-law 3/2024, of February 6th, aims to simplify and rationalize administration in Andalusia in order to improve citizen relations and promote economic activity in the region. Measures will be implemented to improve regulation, transparency, and reduce administrative burdens. Additionally, the digital transformation of the Administration will be sought to streamline procedures and simplify relations with citizens and businesses. The decree also includes modifications in different sectors, such as the environment, environmental management, hunting and fishing, and ports in Andalusia, with the aim of simplifying administrative procedures and expediting processes. [Extracted from the article]

The unbridled growth of industrial fields and civil construction has caused serious environmental impacts, which can be mitigated and repaired with the aim of raising awareness among the population about environmental conservation. Civil construction has a direct influence on natural resources and, therefore, is a subject to be studied to improve the quality of life. Sustainable Construction has been the focus of many studies due to global concern regarding the environment. Cargo containers are a versatile material for use in a variety of applications. Due to their low cost, durability, quick construction, portability and ease of assembly, they are widely used to build post-disaster houses, military operations and conventional homes. These structures are seen as a sustainable architectural alternative, as they are recyclable, but the vast majority end up being discarded in port warehouses even though their useful life has not been exhausted, as sending them back to their place of origin is more expensive than purchasing new ones. a new. The general objective was to describe the efficiency of container housing, with a view to sustainable development. This study was carried out through an integrative review. The results indicate that this construction is fast, clean and sustainable, reducing the amount of construction waste and having less impact on the environment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Sociedad y Economia is the property of Universidad del Valle and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Perífrasis. Revista de Literatura, Teoría y Crítica is the property of Universidad de los Andes and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The increase in clothing consumption year after year generates a growing demand for raw materials and, therefore, large quantities of waste from the textile and manufacturing process with an environmental impact on the air, land and water component. The research specifies the amount of waste generated by 7 companies in Bogotá D.C during Q1 of the current year, prior knowledge of their production processes through direct observation that allowed the textile waste to be categorized by activity in Spinning (4,106.4 kg), Washing and treatment of fabrics (10,500 m3), Clothing (1,203 kg), Garment finishing (511 kg), Unspecified (50 kg) and Others (2.76 kg), finding that Lycra (12% - 407 kg), Cotton (10% - 343.57 kg) and Rayon (9.7% - 340 kg) are the materials with the highest waste generation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Environmental & Social Management Journal / Revista de Gestão Social e Ambiental is the property of Environmental & Social Management Journal and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Foco (Interdisciplinary Studies Journal) is the property of Revista Foco and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Environmental & Social Management Journal / Revista de Gestão Social e Ambiental is the property of Environmental & Social Management Journal and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

[Objetivo] Estimar el potencial de producción de biocombustibles a partir de la licuefacción hidrotérmica (LHT) de residuos biomásicos en Costa Rica y su respectiva huella de carbono. [Metodología] Se estimó el potencial de generación de residuos de biomasa que pueden ser aprovechados para la producción de biocombustibles, mediante el proceso de LHT, utilizando informes de diferentes instituciones como el Ministerio de Agricultura y Ganadería, la Cámara de Avicultores, Acueductos y Alcantarillados, entre otros. Posteriormente, mediante modelos matemáticos que predicen el rendimiento de biocrudo, según el tipo de biomasa utilizado, se estimó el potencial de la posible producción de biocrudo y su respectivo mejoramiento a biodiésel y sus coproductos (biogasolina y biobúnker). Estos datos se compararon con el consumo actual de combustibles en Costa Rica. Por último, se calculó la huella de carbono del proceso de producción de estos biocombustibles utilizando la norma ISO 14067. [Resultados] Se obtuvo que Costa Rica posee, bajo las suposiciones de este estudio, un potencial de producción de biocrudo, biodiésel, biogasolina y biobúnker de 1 383 299 ton/año, 635 788 ton/año, 295 336 ton/año y 70 140 ton/año, respectivamente. Así mismo, se estimó que las huellas de carbono asociadas a la producción de biodiésel, biogasolina y biobúnker son 14,57 gCO2eq/MJ, 13,88 gCO2eq/MJ y 13,33 gCO2eq/MJ, correspondientemente. [Conclusiones] Se concluyó, bajo las suposiciones de este estudio, que en Costa Rica existe un potencial de reemplazo de combustibles fósiles del 71 %, 43 % y 76 % para biodiésel, biogasolina y biobúnker, comparativamente. También, se estimó que, por medio de esta tecnología (LHT) se podría reducir un 18 %, 36 % y 6 % la huella de carbono al utilizar biodiésel, biogasolina y biobúnker, respectivamente, en lugar de sus correspondientes combustibles fósiles.

El aumento en el consumo de prendas de vestir año a año genera una creciente demanda de materias primas y, por tanto, grandes cantidades de residual del proceso textil y confección con impacto a nivel ambiental en el componente aire, tierra y agua. La investigación precisa la cantidad de residuo generado por 7 empresas de Bogotá D.C durante el Q1 del año en curso previo conocimiento de sus procesos productivos por medio de observación directa que permitió categorizar el residuo textil por actividad en Hilatura (4.106,4 kg), Lavado y teñido de telas (10.500 m3 ), Confección (1.203 kg), Remate prenda (511 kg), No especificado (50 kg) y Otros (2,76 kg), encontrándose que la Licra (12% - 407 kg), Algodón perchado (10% - 343,57 kg) y el Rayón (9,7% - 340 kg) son los materiales con mayor generación de residuos.

El estado de Chihuahua es uno de los principales productores de nuez a nivel nacional en el norte del país, llegando a competir con Estados Unidos. Cada año esta producción ha aumentado debido a la demanda potencial que tiene. Los agricultores están destinando sus hectáreas de otros cultivos, a la producción de nuez e incluso los ganaderos están haciendo conversión de cambio de uso de suelo. Debido a esta situación, las empresas desechan grandes cantidades de cáscara de nuez sin ninguna norma. Por lo tanto, el objetivo fue analizar la inversión técnica para obtener carbón activado para la purificación de agua potable a través de la cascara de nuez. La metodología estuvo dirigida a los dos sectores involucrados utilizando las estrategias de ingeniería en procesos, siendo una muestra de 4 empresas purificadoras de agua y 5 procesadoras de nuez. Como resultado se obtuvo que es viable realizar carbón activado a partir de cáscara de nuez para la purificación de agua. La materia prima es suficiente ya que para producir un kilo de carbón activado se necesitan 2 kilos de cáscara de nuez, por lo tanto;se utilizarían 8 toneladas de cáscara al mes, para cumplir la demanda de 4 toneladas mensuales de carbón activado que requieren las purificadoras de agua.

La economía circular propende por la minimización de los residuos y la reducción del impacto ambiental basada en desviar el patrón lineal de producción, asumiendo uno circular de materiales y productos, en el que se enmarca el uso del compost como biofertilizante para la agricultura. Bajo este entendido, el objetivo de este artículo es determinar el aporte del compost a las áreas destinadas para la bioagricultura y para la siembra de especies forestales. Los datos agregados son para 22 países europeos y se usó para los análisis el modelo de panel de datos. Los resultados muestran que el aporte del compost es apenas marginal para la bioagricultura y que en el caso de las especies forestales no existe una relación concluyente de su aporte.

La producción excesiva de residuos supone un reto para la sostenibilidad, debido a un modelo social basado en el consumo. Este tema se plantea frecuentemente en los medios de comunicación, importantes generadores de opinión y fuentes de información ciudadana. Este trabajo analiza las características de las noticias publicadas durante cuatro años por los cuatro diarios de mayor tirada estatal y su potencial didáctico para su utilización en el aula. Los resultados muestran que la mayoría de las noticias plantean el problema de los residuos en un tono neutral, sin conexiones explícitas entre nuestro consumo personal y las consecuencias de los residuos que producimos. Su utilización en el aula necesitaría el diseño de estrategias didácticas apoyadas en situaciones conflictivas que permitan involucrar al alumnado en el problema, asumir responsabilidades y tomar decisiones sobre algunos hábitos.

The oceans are one of the final destinations for the vast majority of plastic waste; in this sense, particles smaller than 5 mm, classified as microplastics (MPs), represent an environmental challenge with global impact on several ecosystems. The work evaluated the presence of MPs in marine waters off the northern coast of Santa Catarina (Brazil), addressing sampling procedures, opening, characterization, and polymer identification. A low-cost equipment developed with easily accessible materials was tested in the sampling, showing excellent results in terms of buoyancy, stability, and mechanical strength. The concentration of MPs obtained in the study was 0.01 MPs per m3. The particles found were analyzed by stereomicroscopy and classified according to morphological aspects in relation to shape into fragments 58,00%, films 25,00%, and lines 17,00%, and regarding the aspect related to color, blue was predominant. The characterization and polymeric identification was performed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy coupled to the total attenuated reflectance module (FTIR-ATR). The types of polymers identified were: polyethylene 33,33%; polypropylene 25,00%; butadiene-styrene copolymer 25,00%, and cellulose 16,66%. The work contributed to the evaluation of an area not yet studied in relation to the presence of MPs in marine waters, while at the same time described in detail the methodologies for analyzing microplastics proposed in the specialized literature.

Decree-Law No. 24/2024, of March 26, amends the general waste management regime in Portugal. The regulation modifies provisions on landfills, waste flows, and extended producer responsibility. Waste reduction objectives are established and the return of part of the management fee to municipalities that promote recycling is foreseen. In addition, regulations on deposits and refund of non-reusable packaging are added. [Extracted from the article]

Studies of waste work have largely focused on labourers who collect and process materials in exchange for money, including informal waste reclaimers and those now working precariously due to neoliberalization. Researchers have also drawn attention to who sorts waste in and beyond the household. Here we examine voluntary clean-ups as well as waste education in South Africa. State discourse encourages people to engage with the wastescape without framing this participation as work. Yet such engagements require people to act, and changing existing practices and expectations of who does what (and who is paid what) to make waste flow. We argue that understanding such activities as infrastructural helps to explain how the state seeks to enrol citizens into waste configurations, and understanding them as labour enables more capacious politics and claims to waste’s value. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Copyright of Environmental & Social Management Journal / Revista de Gestão Social e Ambiental is the property of Environmental & Social Management Journal and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Foco (Interdisciplinary Studies Journal) is the property of Revista Foco and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The High Court of Justice of Castilla y León has denied an urban and environmental license for the construction of a cattle shed in San Juan del Olmo, Ávila. The City Council of San Juan del Olmo appealed the ruling of the Administrative Court No. 1 of Ávila, but the Court rejected their arguments. The denial of the licenses is due to concerns about the quality of water for human consumption, but the city council did not provide evidence justifying the risks and environmental impacts of the activity. In addition, the minimum distances established by regulations for livestock farms in relation to the urban area are met, and there is no regulation establishing a minimum distance between a livestock farm and a water deposit. [Extracted from the article]

This paper analyzes the concept of "by-product" in European and Spanish waste law. The first part summarises the legislative developments and the caselaw of the European Court of Justice in this area. The second part studies the latest main regulatory developments on by-products where special attention is paid to the public intervention system provided for Law 7/2022. Finally, some of the regulatory deficiencies detected are highlighted. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The current Mining Law was a boost for mining, and addressed the need for this activity to be developed seeking a balance with some protection of environmental values. A possible reform would offer the opportunity for mining activity to be more sustainable, integrated into the circular economy, and committed to the fight against climate change. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A study was prepared, which consists of the economic evaluation of two important materials in the construction of the interior partitions of the 3rd floor in a 21-floor building located in the city of Concepción. These materials are plasterboard and metalcon profiles. Within this study, the acquisition cost of these two materials was evaluated, as well as the cost associated with labor and machinery involved in the transportation process on site. In addition, the waste generated by both materials was accounted for, to quantify the costs related to waste management. Finally, a proposal is presented to achieve the optimization of these materials within the work, with the aim of achieving a better use of both. This entails great benefits for the company, since it is possible to reduce the number of materials that are currently used, and the amount of waste generated within the work. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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En este artículo se presentan los resultados de la investigación realizada acerca de la aplicación de la logística inversa en el sector textil de la ciudad de Otavalo con el fin de que las microempresas tengan la posibilidad de reciclar los desechos para luego proceder a una nueva elaboración de un nuevo producto. Por tal motivo, es necesario que se desarrolle el proceso de logística inversa y se tomen decisiones que beneficiarán al medio ambiente y a la sociedad otavaleña. Para el desarrollo de este estudio, inicialmente se realizó un estudio de la literatura que comprendió las definiciones y los tipos de logística inversa, tanto bajo el método cualitativo como el cuantitativo, que permitió estudiar el sector microempresarial textilero por medio de encuestas. Posteriormente, se obtuvieron resultados detallados de productos, materias primas y desechos, con el único propósito de dar el giro que tenían los desechos como destino final el vertedero generando un efecto negativo para el medio ambiente. Con todos los resultados, se propone mejorar los procesos internos y externos de la selección de residuos textiles, con el apoyo de responsabilidad compartida de los stakeholders, como el Gobierno, la Sociedad Civil y las Empresas Públicas, forjando la concientización de la aplicación de la logística inversa en el proceso de planificación, implantación, control y reducción de tiempos mediante el modelo SCOR, buscando la eficiencia y eficacia dentro de las microempresas para obtener al final el retorno de estos residuos para un nuevo producto.

O avanço das práticas sustentáveis nas biorrefinarias desempenha um papel crucial na mitigação das emissões de carbono e na utilização eficiente dos recursos naturais, preservando o meio ambiente. As biorrefinarias, que convertem biomassa lignocelulósica em uma variedade de produtos, destacam-se pela capacidade de transformar resíduos em produtos de alto valor agregado. Entre os produtos da biorrefinaria, o xilitol destaca-se. Ele é obtido pela conversão da xilose presente na lignocelulose e oferece benefícios à saúde, sendo considerado uma molécula intermediária na produção de valiosos produtos químicos. Os métodos microbiológicos na produção de xilitol são cada vez mais reconhecidos como uma alternativa eficiente e ambientalmente amigável. Esses são alguns dos principais fatores discutidos nesta revisão, que visa demonstrar a rota biotecnológica de produção do xilitol com o uso de materiais lignocelulósicos. Vários estudos foram observados quanto à caracterização de diversos resíduos lignocelulósicos, e notou-se que o Eucalyptus globulus e a folha de bananeira apresentam altos teores de xilose. Ao se analisarem as pesquisas mais recentes relacionadas à produção de xilitol, foi identificada a possibilidade de coprodução de bioetanol na mesma rota biotecnológica de produção do xilitol. Por exemplo, estudos demonstraram que a mistura do bagaço e a palha da cana-de-açúcar, bem como o resíduo de palha de arroz, foram capazes de produzir níveis elevados de xilitol e etanol, atingindo 30,61 g/L de xilitol e 47,97 g/L de etanol e 34,21 g/L de xilitol e 2,12 g/L de etanol, respectivamente. Essas inovações não apenas promovem a sustentabilidade, mas também têm o potencial de gerar impactos positivos na economia global.

Este artículo analiza, diferentes y desiguales problemas urbano ambientales en la ciudad de Posadas (Argentina), donde hay distintas prácticas sociales de cuidado y gestión del ambiente de acuerdo con los vecindarios. El objetivo fue conocer y describir las acciones u omisiones de legislación y/o políticas ambientales en relación a las distintas zonas urbanas. Con base en un relevamiento cuantitativo, se vinculó el contexto espacial de los barrios con la presencia de problemas y políticas ambientales, prácticas de cuidado del ambiente, opiniones, actitudes, y procesos de autogestión social en cada vecindario. Se describe cómo las personas que viven en los barrios más pobres están desproporcionadamente expuestas a condiciones ambientales adversas. Los barrios ubicados en entornos urbanos de alta calidad ambiental disponen de mayores servicios, recursos y atención gubernamental, mientras que, los barrios más desfavorecidos en la ciudad son a la vez, los menos favorecidos por las políticas y las estructuras urbanas deficitarias.

En el ámbito de la economía circular las herramientas para el registro y la contabilización de los materiales adquieren una importancia fundamental, pues de ello dependerá el éxito de la aplicación de este nuevo paradigma económico. Para mejorar la gestión de los materiales que circulan por la empresa debemos contar con los mecanismos de información contable adecuados para que nos indiquen la correcta contabilización de aquellos con el objetivo de la obtención del máximo beneficio, tanto económico, como medioambiental. Un método como el “Método de Contabilidad de Flujo de Materiales (MCFA) nos puede servir de ayuda en la consecución de los citados objetivos; para ello presentamos un breve trabajo sobre el mismo para identificar las ventajas que nos puede ofrecer su aplicación. Ventajas que la trazabilidad de los materiales en el seno de la empresa, con los costes que llevan asociados nos ha de facilitar la implementación de la economía circular en el seno de las organizaciones. Todo ello sin olvidar la importancia de continuar en la búsqueda de nuevos métodos de contabilización de los materiales ni la mejora de los actuales métodos de contabilidad de gestión.

En este trabajo se evalúa la factibilidad de emplear la arena y arcilla residuales generados por la minería de arena para fabricar bloques de tierra comprimida (BTC) y adobes. Para ello, se caracterizaron los subproductos generados por una mina en la provincia de Río Negro (Argentina) y se confeccionaron diferentes series de probetas, determinando su retracción por secado, densidad seca, resistencia a compresión y resistencia a erosión húmeda. Los resultados indican que, con una dosificación en peso de 74.25% arcilla, 24.75% arena y un 1% de paja, pueden producirse adobes portantes con una resistencia a compresión de 18.63 kgf/cm2, mientras que, empleando una dosificación de 71.3% de arcilla, 23.7% arena y 5% de cemento Portland, pueden producirse BTC con una resistencia a compresión superior a 30 kgf/cm2 y una elevada resistencia a la erosión húmeda, aptos para emplearse en la construcción de muros de carga y muros exteriores sin revoque.

RESUMO Determinou-se o balanço e rendimento energéticos de uma indústria madeireira integrada. Utilizou-se uma série mensal média de dados (janeiro/1998 a julho/1999). Conclui-se que a cogeração de energia é um processo viável. O maior consumidor de energia elétrica e térmica foi a serraria, seguido dos painéis para a térmica e da laminadora para a elétrica. O consumo por produto foi maior na lâmina, madeira serrada e painéis para energia elétrica, e madeira serrada, lâmina e painéis para a térmica. O consumo energético por produto foi inversamente proporcional à disponibilização de resíduos para a energia. Todos os setores foram autosuficientes energeticamente.