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The annular brooch makes up one of the most prevalent brooch types from the medieval period in Europe. Moreover, its use and production in Norway last well into the modern period. This has resulted in a quandary. The Norwegian Cultural Heritage Act labels all artefacts older than AD 1537 as state property (1650 for coins). With a few exceptions, everything younger may be acquired by the finder. But how is this to be decided for stray finds of annular brooches? How can these be dated? While their morphology remains consistent throughout the almost 1000 years of production, two points of departure for future study are suggested: decorative features and alloy compositions. Charting these will provide crucial baselines. However, the Norwegian Cultural Heritage Act only applying to artefacts from before AD 1537, and the division’s ramifications on cultural heritage management, continue to strain the study of enduring artefact types.

This article discusess and explains the changes that have taken place in fertility during recent decades - the decreasing fertility level, the postponement of parenthood and the destandardisation of the fertility pattern - changes that have been described as part of the second demographic transition. Fertility changes can be related to changes in social praxis, such as technology changes, social and economic changes and cultural changes. It has been argued that one of the most important technological innovations for women in this century has been the revolution in methods of contraception and the massive social consequences, in the sense that women now have a genuine choice about fertility. At the same time, women's autonomy, seen as an alternative to marriage and parenthood, has increased through increased educational attainment and labour market participation. There have been changes towards more individualistic attitudes in modern societies. The article also discusses fertility changes in relation to individualism, increased female labour market participation, increased gender equality in the family, and new expectations towards parenthood. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Copyright of Samfundsøkonomen is the property of Djøf Forlag and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Samfundsøkonomen is the property of Djøf Forlag and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Samfundsøkonomen is the property of Djøf Forlag and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

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Copyright of Samfundsøkonomen is the property of Djøf Forlag and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Samfundsøkonomen is the property of Djøf Forlag and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Samfundsøkonomen is the property of Djøf Forlag and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Samfundsøkonomen is the property of Djøf Forlag and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Samfundsøkonomen is the property of Djøf Forlag and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

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This article discusses five bronze vessels from the funds of the Regional History Museum in Burgas dated to the 1st-3rd centuries AD. The aim of the analyses was the determination of the alloy used for manufacturing and the type of the corrosion products. The results were applied to some technological aspects regarding the manufacturing and the corrosion processes that occur in the vessels afterwards. The data gathered was later used to assign a proper conservation treatment and helpful to the restoration interventions. Unfortunately, the vessels were accidental finds therefore the interpretation of the results and the comparative analyses are not complete. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Copyright of Samfundsøkonomen is the property of Djøf Forlag and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Over noen høstmåneder i 1978 skapte Thorkild Hansens Prosessen mot Hamsun omfattende debatt i Skandinavia. Hansen var den første som i et så bredt anlagt prosjekt og med kommersielle siktepunkt tok fatt på å fremstille Knut Hamsuns virke under annen verdenskrig og rettsoppgjøret i etterkant. Fremstillingen ble båret i den hybride genren dokumentarisme, som kan sies å kombinere sakprosa og fiksjon, som i et tiår hadde en fremtredende og feiret posisjon i Skandinavia. Artikkelen gir et tilbakeblikk på en genre, en utgivelse og debatten den avstedkom ved å kaste lys over Hansens kildebruk og stil. Avslutningsvis utspørres det hvorvidt Hansen skuslet bort sitt anliggende med genren han skrev i, og videre hvordan genredebatter ikke har tapt aktualitet i nyere tid.

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I nyere tid har religionskritikk blitt en sentral del av læreplanen for religions- og livssyns­faget i videregående skole, og nevnes eksplisitt som et kompetansemål for Religion og etikk i LK20. Det finnes likevel lite forskning på hvordan undervisning om religions­kritikk ­operasjonaliseres i klasserommet. Artikkelen diskuterer undervisning om religions­kritikk i religions- og livssynsfaget basert på 13 intervjuer med lærere, 4 fokusgrupper med elever (n=16) og 4 observasjoner av planlagt undervisning om religionskritikk på norske ­videregående skoler. Bidraget vektlegger, i dialog med teori fra postkritisk pedagogikk, ­religionskritikkens mangfoldighet slik den artikuleres av aktørene i skolen. Artikkelen har tre interrelaterte teoretiske argumenter: 1) negativ religionskritikk har fortsatt en plass i religions- og livssynsfaget, men i betingede former, 2) negativ religionskritikk må integreres som en del av en helhetlig undervisning, som også vektlegger oppbyggende perspektiver, og 3) religionskritikk er ikke nødvendigvis kun en negativ aktivitet, men operasjonaliseres også som en praksis rettet mot utvikling av analytiske ferdigheter og økt forståelse. Nøkkelord: Religionskritikk, postkritikk, religionsdidaktikk, kritisk tenkning

The article explores the ownership of Codex Hardenbergianus, an Old Norse manuscript, by Helvig Hardenberg, a Danish noblewoman. It suggests that Helvig may have obtained the manuscript herself, challenging the prevailing hypothesis that she received it as a gift from her husband. The article emphasizes the importance of recognizing women's actions and abilities, rather than assuming limitations based on gender. It also provides biographical information about Helvig and her involvement in scholarly activities, estate management, and legal processes. Overall, Helvig's life and accomplishments challenge traditional views of women's roles and highlight her power and influence as a landowner and estate manager. [Extracted from the article]

“Can we make a TikTok about Grainnbergan? Or build it in Lego? Or make a puppet show?” asked excited students after visiting Grainnbergan, an abandoned homestead in Inderøy municipality in Norway. Employees from Museene Arven and students from the local school tested out participation and co-creation in a shared exploration of the historical site, with exciting results. Participation has been highlighted and mandated in schools and museums in recent years. Both, however, report misunderstandings and challenges (Jones 2022; Lynch 2011). More knowledge is needed about participation and co-creation in practice, and this article presents a retrospective analysis of the Grainnberganproject which provides some answers. Findings suggest that museums and schools have much to learn from each other and the students. There are important practical and structural aspects to consider, there is a need for shared understandings and the development of necessary competencies to work in co-creative partnerships. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In its efforts to preserve and promote the Norwegian language, Språkrådet (the Language Council of Norway) provides recommendations for replacing English loanwords with Norwegian equivalents. These recommendations are compiled in a list known as “På godt norsk” (“In Good Norwegian”). The aim of this paper is to compare the 2004 version of this list with its 2024 version, examining the changes made over the past two decades. Specifically, the study focuses on words that are new and those that have been removed from the list. Additionally, attention is given to alterations in words that have remained on the list. Through this comparative analysis, the paper seeks to shed light on the dynamics of language adaptation in response to social and technological developments. Moreover, the concept of domain loss is addressed, highlighting the potential displacement of Norwegian by English in specific fields, posing a significant challenge to the preservation of the Norwegian language across all areas of society. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The island Selja on the Norwegian West coast is the alleged martyr site of the saints of St Sunniva and the Seljumen, who according to legend, lived and died in the 10th century. Study of the ruins on the island has revealed the importance and development of the site during the Middle Ages. They comprise the remains of a bishop's church, a Benedictine abbey, a rockshelter chapel and a terrace complex in the hillside. The additional ruins of a pilgrim's church have been investigated as part of ongoing conservation. The investigation has revealed unknown traces of an early building phase in the church ruin, which has been interpreted as a stone chapel dating before the episcopal see was established at Selja c.1068-70. Architectural features indicate Anglo-Saxon craftsmanship, which is further supported by the site's archaeological context. This article argues that this unusual early stone chapel must be the result of communication and travels across the North Sea, at a time when Anglo Saxon priests and Christian conceptions came to Norway to bring Christian conversion and royal conquest. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Copyright of Kulturstudier is the property of Dansk Historisk Faellesraad and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Blandt de emner som Østgrønlands fattige historie byr forskeren, er det ikke uten interesse å undersøke i sammenheng følgende to sporsmål: Først, hvad man i gamle dage visste — eller mente å vite — om østgrønlands befolkningsforhold. Og dernæst: hvordan det er gått til, at størstedelen av østkysten,særlig Sydøstgrønland, er blitt avfolket i nyere tid. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]