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Rural education is a strategic sector for rural revival projects. The presence and state of rural schools is an indicator on the sustainability of rural communities in its economic, social, and ecosystemic interactions. This study explores the Chilean case as it shows a movement in student mobility towards rural schools. Based on new data from the Ministry of Education, the study shows that primary school students indicate a shift in tutors and families' preferences for rural schools, as rural schools' enrolment has increased by 1% in the 2015–2020 period. In the context of a market-based education system, the data indicate a process in which rural systems are seen as viable alternatives for families. There is a clear landmark in rural mobility during the pandemic years; however, the study concludes that there is no indication of a catalyst for migration different from previous years or signs of rural revival yet. We suggest that further studies should be conducted to map how this trend may be replicating in different countries and geographies, as well as to ponder its implications for rural communities and its capacity to harbor urban out-migration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aims to analyze indigenous rural governance in community processes of sustainable development from the perspective of strategic planning, in Alausí, Ecuador, in 2023. The research is characterized as descriptive, documentary, and field-based, adopting a mixed methodological approach that encompasses both quantitative and qualitative data collection, allowing for a more comprehensive understanding of the topic. Through a hermeneutic paradigm, efforts have been made to interpret the information to reach consensus knowledge. The research identified a weakened governance process characterized by aspects such as: an overload of managerial responsibilities, limited leadership capacity, reactive management by stakeholders to local needs, a scant culture of planning and coordination, and a patriarchal hierarchical leadership structure. These factors constrain the leadership and management process to a reactive stance of stakeholders regarding the expectations and interests of the community inhabitants, lacking commitment and empowerment. This condition underscores the need to overcome old hierarchical patterns through linear and cooperative rural governance processes adapted to the cultural context, through training and development of innovative governance and strategic planning capacities to guide the territory toward sustainable development processes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article is a research product that addresses the problems of rural youth in Colombia and the related public policies, particularly those related to coffee youth. The general objective is to analyze the needs and potentialities of young farmers (aged between 14 and 28 years) in the department of Huila, Colombia. The methodology used is based on the epistemic foundation of articulated consciousness, proposed by Hugo Zemelman and the non-parametric didactics of Estela Quintar, with tools of Participatory Action Research in the construction of a territorial public agenda. In the results, the experiences of young subjects who study and work in the field are revealed, and they are profiled as historical and autonomous subjects in the articulated reconstruction of possible utopias. Among the conclusions obtained, it is highlighted that the population of the municipalities under analysis has not been the object of public policies linked to the youth of the coffee-growing region.

Rural education is a strategic sector for rural revival projects. The presence and state of rural schools is an indicator on the sustainability of rural communities in its economic, social, and ecosystemic interactions. This study explores the Chilean case as it shows a movement in student mobility towards rural schools. Based on new data from the Ministry of Education, the study shows that primary school students indicate a shift in tutors and families’ preferences for rural schools, as rural schools’ enrolment has increased by 1% in the 2015–2020 period. In the context of a market-based education system, the data indicate a process in which rural systems are seen as viable alternatives for families. There is a clear landmark in rural mobility during the pandemic years; however, the study concludes that there is no indication of a catalyst for migration different from previous years or signs of rural revival yet. We suggest that further studies should be conducted to map how this trend may be replicating in different countries and geographies, as well as to ponder its implications for rural communities and its capacity to harbor urban out-migration.

The article describes the progress of the demographic transition in rural areas of Latin America and its impact on the dynamics of family farming in the continent, highlighting the presence of this issue from the contribution of Chayanov. It then evaluates the relationship between demographic dynamics and the topics of debate that appear in the literature on family farming, in particular the characteristics of the "new rurality", the issue of gender and the empowerment of women and the issue of intergenerational transfer of productive units. The demographic context appears as one of the factors that condition the evolution of family farming. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Eleuthera is the property of Universidad de Caldas and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In the framework of the deep transformations that are registered in rural areas of Latin America, this article aims to examine the processes of heritage and tourism valorization of rural areas taking into consideration the province of Buenos Aires (Argentina). The results presented, synthesized, and discussed in this article are part of ongoing investigations that have been carried out from 2012 onwards that included field work in various municipalities, structured interviews, observation with and without participation and analysis of a series of audiovisual and documentary materials in relation to tourism and heritage development processes. Our research leads us to conclude that, based on the participation of a series of actors and the implementation of a set of public policies aimed at local development, tourism and heritage valorization processes mobilize narratives and representations about rural areas associated with various notions of nature as well as the reproduction of other linked to agrarian and rural life. These new dynamics of rural areas allow us to (re)discuss the relations between the rural/agrarian as well as the rural/urban dichotomies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To analize the contribution of women to the family's economy through their experiences and agricultural sales strategies at Pedernal, San Cristóbal de Las Casas, Chiapas. Methodology: Qualitative research of ethnographic nature was carried out by applying semistructured interviews to women and participant observation. Results: Family agriculture in Pedernal provides food for self-consumption and monetary income through the sale of surplus mainly obtained from backyards managed by women. They sell different products at a regional scale of which we highlight avocado fruits and pigs (piglets); for both products they have got contrasting and complementary sales strategies inside and outside the locality, addressed to obtain the highest possible profit and to minimize the risk of loss. However, prices neither meet production costs nor consider women's care work. Limitations: The exploratory and qualitative nature of this research does not allow to deepen aspects such as the quantification of investments, returns, and the value of care work. Conclusions: The sale of women's agricultural and livestock production generates an additional income to meet daily subsistence needs, and contributes to diversity of regional creole varieties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The term deagrarianization refers to the dwindling importance of agrarian activity as the economic and social basis of a rural area. Deagrarianization is reflected in the declining number of people engaged in agricultural production and a reduction in the relative importance of agricultural incomes. In addition to the economic consequences, deagrarianization also erodes the importance of the rural population in territorial organization and management and social functioning in rural areas. However, it is also true that the simultaneous shift towards the service economy in present-day rural economies and societies has not led to the disappearance of the rural space but, instead, given rise to new and multiple forms of rurality. The priority objective of the research on which this paper is based is to gain insight into the rural deagrarianization processes in Spain through the specific case of Cantabria. In order to analyze these dynamics, a series of basic indicators have been used. In order of importance, the main indicators employed were those related to the recent dynamics of agriculture, livestock, and forestry activity and the occupational structure of the population as regards its sectoral distribution, with particular attention being paid to the relative importance of livestock and forestry activities in relation to the direct exploitation of territorial resources. In the past, primary sector activities were very important in Cantabria, but their importance has steadily declined in both absolute and relative terms until reaching the current situation. In 2023, only 4579 people have been employed in agriculture out of a total of 214,574 active people (2.13%). It is very significant that between 2012 and 2021, the total number of employed people increased by 9.08% in Cantabria while the proportion of people employed in agricultural activities decreased by −12.90%. Farming is no longer the rural occupation par excellence; however, it continues to be important in most Cantabrian rural municipalities. The territorial distribution is even more revealing. Southern mountain municipalities can be considered the last stronghold of agricultural activity since, in most cases, more than a quarter of their active population is employed in this sector. These are also the rural areas with the highest levels of depopulation. In contrast, other activity sectors have also gained importance in rural areas, although not in the same way. In general, there is less service economy employment in inland rural municipalities, except in those that are county capitals offering services. Some rural, peri-urban, and coastal areas where tourism is more strongly developed also reach high values. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Colombiana de Ciencias Sociales is the property of Fondo Editorial Fundacion Universitaria Luis Amigo and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Tendencias: Revista de la Facultad de Ciencias Económicas y Administrativas is the property of Universidad de Narino, Facultad de Ciencias Economics y Administrativas and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Eutopía: Revista de Desarrollo Económico Territorial is the property of Eutopia: Revista de Desarrollo Economico Territorial and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In this study, we aimed to overview the relationships of the most significant international theories dealing with the spatial economy, with special regard to the endogenous resources. We examined the effects and the development trends of economic and social capital because we believe that they may determine the future directions of strategic planning. Spatial capital (being the focus of our research) is proven to have outstanding influence on the society. In this study, we compare the development paths deriving from international models with the endogenous resources of rural space, considering the new development paths deriving from new paradigms. Based on all this, related to the most important international spatial economic theories, we define the strategic directions that are built on local endogenous resources, including the relations between tourism, infrastructure and environment.

Recently, Rural territories have undergone considerable changes in their ways of occupying and using land due to urban expansion to develop new rural housing schemes, a situation that leads to economic, social, physical-spatial and environmental transformations of the rural landscape. This is the case of the populated center of the Chucuní village in Ibagué-Tolima, which in the last ten years has presented a significant process of territorial transformation. In the present study, the changes in land use and occupation in the zone are addressed, establishing multiple causes that have given rise to the generation of socio-environmental conflicts. For this, a multitemporal comparative analysis was carried out between 2009 and 2019 of the property structure, the growth of the urban area, the biological coverage of the soil and the identification of environmental conflicts in light of the regulatory framework of territorial ordering. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Investigación Administrativa is the property of ESCA Santo Tomas - IPN and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The term deagrarianization refers to the dwindling importance of agrarian activity as the economic and social basis of a rural area. Deagrarianization is reflected in the declining number of people engaged in agricultural production and a reduction in the relative importance of agricultural incomes. In addition to the economic consequences, deagrarianization also erodes the importance of the rural population in territorial organization and management and social functioning in rural areas. However, it is also true that the simultaneous shift towards the service economy in present-day rural economies and societies has not led to the disappearance of the rural space but, instead, given rise to new and multiple forms of rurality. The priority objective of the research on which this paper is based is to gain insight into the rural deagrarianization processes in Spain through the specific case of Cantabria. In order to analyze these dynamics, a series of basic indicators have been used. In order of importance, the main indicators employed were those related to the recent dynamics of agriculture, livestock, and forestry activity and the occupational structure of the population as regards its sectoral distribution, with particular attention being paid to the relative importance of livestock and forestry activities in relation to the direct exploitation of territorial resources. In the past, primary sector activities were very important in Cantabria, but their importance has steadily declined in both absolute and relative terms until reaching the current situation. In 2023, only 4579 people have been employed in agriculture out of a total of 214,574 active people (2.13%). It is very significant that between 2012 and 2021, the total number of employed people increased by 9.08% in Cantabria while the proportion of people employed in agricultural activities decreased by −12.90%. Farming is no longer the rural occupation par excellence; however, it continues to be important in most Cantabrian rural municipalities. The territorial distribution is even more revealing. Southern mountain municipalities can be considered the last stronghold of agricultural activity since, in most cases, more than a quarter of their active population is employed in this sector. These are also the rural areas with the highest levels of depopulation. In contrast, other activity sectors have also gained importance in rural areas, although not in the same way. In general, there is less service economy employment in inland rural municipalities, except in those that are county capitals offering services. Some rural, peri-urban, and coastal areas where tourism is more strongly developed also reach high values.

The presence of ICTs in Mexican homes is analyzed, with the aim of showing the relationship between the gaps and the territorial dynamics. For this, data from the Mexican population census are used and the integration of the semi-rural and semi-urban terms is proposed to recognize the nuances in those localities that are between the rural and urban categories. The relevance of this work lies in the construction of a more detailed overview of the access gap based on housing as a reference unit and its spatial distribution in the localities. Among the results, it stands out that the cell phone has become the second device with the greatest presence in Mexican towns. In addition, the states where the dwellings that do not have ICTs are concentrated are identified, showing that even today there are people who suffer material and digital exclusion. Finally, this work contributes to the analysis of digital gaps in Mexico and evidences the results of the progressive incorporation of rural areas into the information and knowledge society in the 21st century. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Pasos: Revista de Turismo y Patrimonio Cultural is the property of Universidad de La Laguna, Instituto Universitario de Ciencias Politicas y Sociales and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Textual is the property of Universidad Autonoma Chapingo and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Business Development Strategies is the property of ECORFAN-Mexico S.C. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The article shows the results of an investigation that has had for general objective to analyze the assessments of the young students of the telebachilleratos community, in particular of the received formation, as well as the impacts in their perspective in the future. Under a qualitative look, in particular with the application of a questionnaire of open questions to the students, and from the perspective of the new rurality and the accumulation of disadvantages, we access the evaluations of young people about their passage through this educational modality. First, they are characterized as young people who work and study, with work as the main activity in the rural context. Also stand out his valuations on the attendance to TBC, that is to say the proximity, possibility of continuing working, little expense, low enrollment, better attention and learnings. The impact on their future prospects is discussed, finding in the work one of the impossibilities of accessing higher education, and showing the disadvantaged conditions they face despite attending secondary education, placing, among others, the absence of youth sociability as one of the most outstanding aspects by the same actor

Copyright of Textual is the property of Universidad Autonoma Chapingo and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This work explores the perspective of integrating the goals that the recent enactment of Chile's National Policy for Rural Development (PNDR in Spanish) seeks at a local level in planning instruments for rural communities in Chile. For this purpose, it reviews, classifies, and above all analyzes the contents of each Communal Development Plan (PLADECO in Spanish) of a total of 30 rural communes in the country. From north to south, the PLADECOs of these rural communes are evaluated based on their content, considering their empirical grounds, goals, concepts and governance, as well as their prevailing rural development areas and their interaction with the regulatory-institutional framework at a regional and sectoral level. The results provide important evidence on the limited proximity current PLADECOs have with the contents of the PNDR (a policy that integrates elements of the new rurality and/or rural territorial development), especially from the point of view of their ties with other normative and indicative planning instruments, sectoral policies and their interaction with institutional actors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper aims to examine the redefinition of rural actors and practices in the context of the Wind Farm Corridor of the Isthmus of Tehuantepec. That redefinition addresses issues such as the benefits of wind farms, the role of the land in the use of wind energy, requirements for the use of wind, arguments of disagreement with wind farms, manifestations of that disagreement, and the feasibility of community wind farms. Adopting a case study methodology from a qualitative perspective, and "worded" data collected through semi-structured interviews, it was detected that, despite the disapproval of residents of the Oaxacan Isthmus due to a dispossession claimed to the Federal Electricity Commission (Comisión Federal de Electricidad, CFE) and private companies, many of the landowners in Ciudad Ixtepec have decided to become wind entrepreneurs by a community wind farm, facing opposition and mistrust regarding their capacities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Pensamiento y Acción Multidisciplinaria is the property of Universidad Catolica del Maule. Escuela de Trabajo Social and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Textual is the property of Universidad Autonoma Chapingo and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

New rurality was created with the aim of creating opportunities through connectivity, mobility, and the personal and professional advancement of women. Given this context, initiatives to provide collaborative solutions are becoming increasingly common and make greater use of dynamics that facilitate the exchange of knowledge, information, and experiences. Associations, the social economy, food cooperatives, cohousing, inclusive projects, and hackathons help create rural communities that are more capable, entrepreneurial, cohesive, and collaborative. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this article is to determine how the non peri-urban rural space in the Mexico’s central region, which is a highly urbanized context, is organized. Changes taking place within the framework of globalization promote greater openness and flexibilization in the territory, resulting in an increased mobility, which takes a great diversity of forms and expands everyday interaction spaces. In order to study this phenomenon, this article examines the usual movements of rural population, which allow for the definition of ties between rural space and its rural-urban entourage. According to the origin-destination analysis of displacements, the balance of territorial changes is negative as for mobility practices, as well with regard to the interweaving of new interaction networks with their urban environment. Interaction places have remained in the traditional municipal space, even when favorable physical conditions exist for displacement.

Fernando Lopes-Graça, a prolific Portuguese composer, joined the French musicologist Michel Giacometti (1929-1990) in the effort of collecting and cataloguing popular songs, culminating in a collection of recordings, unique in Europe, which covered all Portugal. In the context of this paper we intend to show how the work of Lopes-Graça, challenging the traditional music, can allow a touring through traditions, while allowing design a cultural environment for the most demanding tourists. The purpose of this research is to develop a tourism product in the near future based on Lopes-Graça and Giacometti’s (musical and spatial) journey through Portuguese traditional music, which portray a rural Portugal in all its dimensions including beliefs, uses and activities.

Copyright of Ra Ximhai is the property of Universidad Autonoma Indigena de Mexico and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The changes derived from globalization in Latin America acquire a determining function since they influence the transformation of spaces and social dynamics; In this sense, the present work particularly addresses a trend in Mexico where rural life converges, the reproduction of the urban lifestyle and the technological revolution focused on the generation of renewable energy. The above is involved in the changes that are generated in rural areas, in which agricultural production is displaced in quality and quantity by tertiary activities that reconfigure the space, social relationships and rurality itself, giving way to new problems, challenges and opportunities that will be exposed from the implications that they envision in a specific case. Thus, the case study presented exposes its complexity since the rent of land for the development of projects producing renewable energy becomes relevant as it becomes economically profitable for the landlord and the tenant; in fact, the analysis carried out is a comparison with respect to said profitability as opposed to agricultural production, giving results that infer a panorama that reinforces the emerging rurality and its multiple context for the population that lives there. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents a cultural geographic approach for understanding local social processes of territorial re-appropriation taking place in response to non-local forces and interests. This approach is applied to the small rural locality of La Niña, in Buenos Aires Province, Argentina. The small village of La Niña is currently in a locally-led process of recovering from a recent depopulation trend caused mainly by the irruption of transnational agribusiness. As economic opportunities have dwindled in the last decades, more recently local inhabitants and new settlers have set forth diverse strategies aimed at mitigating the effects of depopulation on the social structure. We focus our attention on the way the living experience of place is involved in all these strategies. We contend that despite economic and cultural homogenization caused by globalization, the experience of place is a permanent though ever-changing aspect of social life. Our research was based on archival and hemerographic surveys and ethnographic field techniques, encompassing participatory observation, semistructured and in-depth interviews with social and government leaders and local producers as well as field landscape appraisals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Castile and Leon is a typical region of Europe's deep rural territories. With nearly 95,000 km2 and only 2.5 million inhabitants, it is characterized by a low population density, an aging population, demographic regression and the predominance of rural areas. Approximately half of the population is rural and only 7% work in agriculture, although this percentage can be as high as 80% or even 100% in many small rural communities. The current settlement pattern, which is clearly dysfunctional, consists of a high number of population centres, which is far higher than that expected for the number of residents. Many of these villages have not disappeared altogether thanks to the renovation of properties and the construction of new houses encouraged by the (scarce) arrival of new dwellers and the (massive) influx of temporary residents. However, there is an obvious rural duality between the peri-urban areas and the rest of the territory. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper examines the role of public subsidies on farming efficiency for Spain by using a Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) approach followed by a nonparametric regression of efficiency to farm specific factors (economic size, environmentally friendly behavior and regional aspects). The empirical analysis suggest that although a higher degree of direct payments negatively affects farm efficiency, these subsidies become an incentive for environmental friendly behavior by farmers in order to improve the productive efficiency. In turn, this proposition leads to a careful attention for the roots of agricultural productions in line to the EU aim of more market-oriented agriculture. Then, a conceptual framework was elaborated in order to propose a multi-layered model for supporting the design of a green business plan based on functional foods. This study also explores the process of generation-production-consumption of functional foods, involving not only the knowledge transfer of the healthy properties of these products but also the multiple role of rural women as producers, educators/advisors and buyers of these foods. The positioning of rural women in the whole process of functional foods results relevant to build their competitive advantage as local entrepreneurs. The leverage points of the strategic formulation of green business models were reinforced following the roadmapping methodology from a dynamic perspective: alliances with suppliers of knowledge (researchers), identification with their reference groups (investors, clients) and management of intellectual capital (structural, human, relational). Finally, findings reveal that rural women are better positioned than others to create businesses based on functional foods from a niche formulation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of this article is to explain a series of changes in the economy of two indigenous communities -Nahua and Otomí- living in the same municipality (Pahuatlán) in the Huasteca region of Puebla. The analysis spans the period from the 1960s to the first decade of the new millennium, during which agricultural production and commercialization were surpassed in importance by artisanal activities, labor mobility and transnational migration. Using the New Rurality approach, we set out to examine the options for subsistence that these Nahua and Otomi adopted during the study period, the processes that were generated, and the identities of participants in the different activities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article analyzes the impact of the arrival of immigrants to Catalan rural areas from a gender perspective. We specifically observed the female migration routes to municipalities experiencing problems in ensuring the reproduction of their communities (depopulation, masculinization, aging, singleness, economic marginality), and suggest that these women make a remarkable contribution to their development and the revival of some of the human capital and labor lost in the process of decline that has characterized rural areas throughout the twentieth century. We noted the demographic trends and characteristics of immigration to rural areas, together with their migratory routes, expectations and the distinguishing factors of their incorporation into such a specific social, economic and cultural environment. Unlike male immigrants to these areas, who are usually employed in the primary sector, women work mainly in the service sector (hotels and tourism), in the agro-processing industry and above all, in work related to the reproductive sphere: care and attention of the aging population who because of the rural exodus, frequently lack either the family or institutional context to meet their care needs. We understand that the foreign women help to re-feminize these communities and become essential economic and social agents.

Este documento identifica los determinantes de la inserción laboral para los jóvenes rurales de 15 a 29 años a partir de la Encuesta Nacional de la Juventud (Enajuv, 2011), la primera encuesta representativa de los jóvenes rurales peruanos. Esta encuesta evidencia que el desempleo rural es la mitad del desempleo urbano y las tasas de actividad son mayores para los jóvenes rurales, pero el patrón es diferente para las mujeres jóvenes rurales, de las cuales solo el 62,1% ofrece mano de obra al mercado. Los resultados, a partir de un modelo logit, muestran que la decisión de insertarse en el mercado laboral se encuentra muy ligada a la decisión de estudiar y a la realización de trabajo familiar no remunerado (TFNR). Sin embargo, los altos porcentajes de jóvenes que realizan TFNR (39% para los varones, 42% para las mujeres) parecen mostrar que la decisión de inserción laboral es tomada a nivel del hogar y no individualmente.

What is a new rurality attributed to? There is much debate about the new rurality, on the one hand it is attributed as a current study for agrarian issues, stimulating new research in rural transformations or simply a new concept that gained popularity to what already existed. The term became more common and was used improperly for political purposes and to promote the legitimacy of certain actions. The concept of new rurality is analyzed and the impact it has had through three social actors, which were not mentioned in studies of yesteryear on issues of the field: women, young people and older adults, seen as new actors or simply were invisible in the tasks of the field. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Ager: Journal of Depopulation & Rural Development Studies / Revista de Estudios sobre Despoblación y Desarrollo Rural is the property of Rolde de Estudios Aragoneses and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The countryside in Mexico has undergone a strong change in the last decades. The social, cultural, and economic changes of recent years have made obsolete the way in which government relates to the Mexican countryside. A clear example of this is the very definition of the rural territory based on demographic models. The author aims to propose an operational categorization for the rural new territories of Mexico that responds to a relational logic. In a second moment, the article discusses if this categorization and the new Mexican "rurality" need a different decision-making model. It proposes the new governance as an alternative, because with this system the local actors will be able to involve themselves in a conscious and participatory process to build their own territorial categorization, and to achieve their own socio-economic configurations in this political transition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper examines the educational experiences in a community that is characterized through the elements proposed in the concept of new rurality (Grammont, 2004; Martinez y Bustos, 2011). This successful experience of rural education was addressed from the theoretical perspective and practice of non-formal education (Rogers, 2005). In the document we gather, describe and analyze three actions that have been and are part of a more ample educational project which searches to generate emancipatory conditions in the community where we work. We explain how the new rurality characteristics of the community are conditioning the actions of non-formal education, setting diverse sorts of interaction in organizational and human relationships. The results and conclusions of this experience allow glimpsing non-formal education as an alternative in front of the severe crisis in education we are living in Mexico. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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One of the oldest laments in agrarian development has been over the ageing and loss of the farm population but, for the first time since the Second World War, a noticeable return to farming is now taking place across most of Europe. These farm entrants we classify as Continuers and Newcomers. Research shows that they have different characteristics. Newcomers are characterized by their profiles (female and higher education), the barriers they face (access to land, capital and markets) and by the business models that they adopt (pluriactive and multifunctional). This paper describes the main features of Newcomers as they form a new and dynamic group in European rural society and contribute strong social motivations and practices to farming. This change may be referred to as a shift from an agroindustrial to an agrosocial paradigm and, together with new social and environmental relations in food systems, forms a new rurality in Europe.

During the 1980’s collective action was initiated with the purpose of saving the remnants of traditional livestock farming in Jämtland. This led to the articulation of a local agro-food system (LAFS) that managed to commercialize important elements of traditional agriculture by adding elements of modernity. Farm diversification was an important strategy that led to the forward integration of farms that includes the start of small scale farm dairies, farm cafes, direct sales, at the farm, through markets and other local channels, B&Bs and outdoor tourism operations. In the mentioned process, foreign knowledge and experience led to the opening of a new market for traditional products. This case shows that the localization and appropriation of foreign elements can be a fruitful strategy to promote territorial development in regions like Jämtland. This article highlights how a LAFS was articulated within the frame of the birth of a new industry, composed by small, semi-artisan dairy firms and which institutional side effects that this experience has led to.

The European Union reform of the Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) in 1992, in accordance to what has been called multifunctionality of rural environments, has considered as its most ambitious goals the preservation of the rural landscape and natural environments, as well as the maintenance of the social fabric and the welfare of local populations. As an attribute of the territory, and in harmony with the principle of sustainability, the multifunctionality of rural environments should provide the society with essential public goods. After some time, the rural rhetoric reinforced by the Agenda 2000 and the CAP reforms of 2003 and 2004, has created a growing illusion of an immense rural world that supposedly covers nearly the whole territory of the European Union. Contradictorily, the European Union spreads over one of the most urbanized areas of the world, and its citizens have adopted urban living styles long time ago. This research shows, through the analysis of the Spanish case, the insurmountable difficulties for assuming this dichotomous conception of the territory and, on the other hand, how the multifunctionality of rural spaces hides a great diversity of social landscapes of the rural .

La dinámica del espacio rural obliga a una redefinición del acervo conceptual propio para su interpretación. En este sentido, el concepto de territorio trasciende los tradicionales encuadres políticos, para atender las construcciones sociales vinculadas a dicho espacio. El presente documento resultó de la construcción teórica para el desarrollo del proyecto de investigación titulado "La nueva ruralidad en el quehacer académico de los estudiantes de Ingeniería Agronómica: ¿una necesidad en el actual modelo educativo?, realizado en la Universidad Pedagógica y Tecnológica de Colombia UPTC, con sede en el municipio de Tunja, Colombia". El razonamiento deductivo inició con el análisis de los principios del enfoque territorial para concentrarse en la definición del espacio rural, desde los vínculos de los actores que lo acompañan. El razonamiento destaca la importancia de los vínculos sociales en la definición del territorio y propone la necesidad de la incorporación de la dinámica socio temporal, para la interpretación del espacio rural.The dynamics of the rural space, forces a new definition of the peculiar conceptual estate for its interpretation. In this sense, the concept of territory extends beyond the traditional political limits in order to meet their social constructions. This document results from the theory construction for the development of the research project: "The new rurality in the academic task of agricultural engineering students: a necessity in the current educational model?" carried out at the Pedagogical and Technological University of Colombia, UPTC, located at Tunja, Colombia. Deductive reasoning started with the analysis of the origin of the territorial approach to concentrate in the definition of the rural space, beginning with the participating actors association. The reasoning emphasizes the importance of the social links within the definition of territory and proposed the necessity of the incorporation of the social temporal dynamic for the interpretation of the rural space.