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Farmed fish are commonly transported between various facilities by road vehicles, resulting in inevitable exposure to uncontrolled and oscillatory movements, likely exacerbated by poor road conditions. The effect of road quality on livestock has been studied during live transport, but research into the impact of motion has been rarely examined with fish. This study investigated the effects of different motion frequencies related to road quality on the welfare and recovery of largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides). Three motion frequencies were examined in this study using a non-transported control, a simulated "rough" transport treatment, and a simulated "smooth" transport treatment. Live transport was carried out for 3 h using a motion simulation platform with a movement frequency of 1.0 and 1.8 Hz for the smooth and rough treatment, respectively. Control fish were kept in static tanks for the same duration to obtain basal physiology, behaviour, and flesh quality. Water parameters were measured before and immediately after simulated transport in all groups. Behavioural, physiological, and muscle parameters were measured before simulated transport, as well as 0 h and 24 h post-transport. Total ammonia nitrogen levels increased in all treatments over time (p < 0.001), with significantly higher values observed in transported groups. Non-transported fish displayed increased biting (p = 0.025), chasing (p = 0.010), and threatening (p = 0.003) behaviour over time, suggesting potential fasting and confinement stress. During the post-transport period, a significant main effect of treatment and timepoint on freezing and thigmotaxis behaviour was found, with an increase in these behaviours over time and significantly higher levels between control and smooth transported groups. Nevertheless, aggressive behaviours were affected only by timepoint, with an increase observed between 0 h and 24 h post-transport. Neither plasma biochemical indicators nor flesh quality differed between treatments, while a significant effect of timepoint was found for plasma glucose (p = 0.045), p lasma lactate (p = 0.021), and muscle pH (p < 0.001). Our study consequently did not find rough transport to impact fish physiology and flesh quality more than smooth transport, but behavioural results suggest there was a strong combined effect of fasting, exposure to a novel environment, and confinement over time. Future research would be valuable to study these effects on the welfare of transported bass, allowing for a longer recovery time and the use of potential mitigation options such as environmental enrichment. • Water deterioration is highly associated with simulated transport. • Fasting and confinement may increase aggression in largemouth bass. • Simulated transport can alter anxiety-like behaviours of largemouth bass. • Motion frequency at 1.8 Hz did not compromise bass physiology and flesh quality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Most existing methods of motion assessment system used the contact sensor, infrared sensor, and depth sensor, and few works provided the solution of digital camera. To solve this problem, the authors propose a new motion assessment system based on light camera. In this work, the motion assessment was regarded as pattern regression problem of skeleton joint trajectory. Firstly, the system uses the camera to capture the image sequences. The pose estimation method is used to obtain body skeleton from image. Secondly, due to the difference of motion frequency of each person, the length of the image sequences is different and the length of each joint trajectory also will be different. Fourier transform is applied to normalise the trajectory and use the coefficients of Fourier transform as the joint trajectory feature. Finally, the regression model is built to assess the motion quality. Some experimental results and discussion on action video data are used to verify the effectiveness of the system.

Most existing methods of motion assessment system used the contact sensor, infrared sensor, and depth sensor, and few works provided the solution of digital camera. To solve this problem, the authors propose a new motion assessment system based on light camera. In this work, the motion assessment was regarded as pattern regression problem of skeleton joint trajectory. Firstly, the system uses the camera to capture the image sequences. The pose estimation method is used to obtain body skeleton from image. Secondly, due to the difference of motion frequency of each person, the length of the image sequences is different and the length of each joint trajectory also will be different. Fourier transform is applied to normalise the trajectory and use the coefficients of Fourier transform as the joint trajectory feature. Finally, the regression model is built to assess the motion quality. Some experimental results and discussion on action video data are used to verify the effectiveness of the system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An objective metric has been created to characterize motion blur for equipment makers and product reviewers. This procedure can directly measure moving‐edge blur and process images to account for eye pursuit, frame rate and luminance. The advancement produces a motion frequency value that can be readily understood by the consumer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• SSMAEP elicited by 500 Hz pure tones was the strongest at 6 Hz. • SSMAEP was mainly in the temporal and frontal lobes. • Low-frequency pure tones enhanced SSMAEP at low-frequency sound motion. • High-frequency pure tones enhanced SSMAEP at high-frequency sound motion. The ability of humans to perceive motion sound sources is important for accurate response to the living environment. Periodic motion sound sources can elicit steady-state motion auditory evoked potential (SSMAEP). The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of different motion frequencies and different frequencies of sound source on SSMAEP. The stimulation paradigms for simulating periodic motion of sound sources were designed utilizing head-related transfer function (HRTF) techniques in this study. The motion frequencies of the paradigm are set respectively to 1-10 Hz, 15 Hz, 20 Hz, 30 Hz, 40 Hz, 60 Hz, and 80 Hz. In addition, the frequencies of sound source of the paradigms were set to 500 Hz, 1000 Hz, 2000 Hz, 3000 Hz, and 4000 Hz at motion frequencies of 6 Hz and 40 Hz. Fourteen subjects with normal hearing were recruited for the study. SSMAEP was elicited by 500 Hz pure tone at motion frequencies of 1-10 Hz, 15 Hz, 20 Hz, 30 Hz, 40 Hz, 60 Hz, and 80 Hz. SSMAEP was strongest at motion frequencies of 6 Hz. Moreover, at 6 Hz motion frequency, the SSMAEP amplitude was largest at the tone frequency of 500 Hz and smallest at 4000 Hz. Whilst SSMAEP elicited by 4000 Hz pure tone was significantly the strongest at motion frequency of 40 Hz. SSMAEP can be elicited by periodic motion sound sources at motion frequencies up to 80 Hz. SSMAEP also has a strong response at lower frequency. Low-frequency pure tones are beneficial to enhance SSMAEP at low-frequency sound source motion, whilst high-frequency pure tones help to enhance SSMAEP at high-frequency sound source motion. The study provides new insight into the brain's perception of rhythmic auditory motion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Formation of wear particles within total hip replacement is one of the main causes of its failure. In addition to improving the lubrication and wear resistance of materials used as bearing surfaces, understanding of wear particle distribution patterns within lubricants inside an implant gap could be used to improve design parameters and implants’ lifespan. In this study, the behaviours of biolubricants (with compositions similar to human joint synovial fluid) and suspended particles were investigated by micro-particle image velocimetry in curved mini channels under oscillatory Couette flow conditions. The studied biolubricants had shear-thinning viscoelastic characteristics. The authors found that increasing shear-thinning, elasticity or motion frequency levels did not affect the trend behaviours of biolubricant flows due to the low strain values of the experimental conditions applied. However, suspended particles formed strings along flow directions and exhibited cross-stream migration to channel walls. Motion frequency, fluid shear thinning and elasticity characteristics and channel dimensions strongly affected particle behaviours.