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This article presents examples of the use of complex sheet metal in everyday life and the course of modeling a sheet bent simultaneously in two planes. The element selected to describe the modelling process is a fragment of the side wall of a lever hydroelectric power plant that operates on the Bystrzyca River in Lublin. The shape of the element is conditioned by the need to achieve a gentle change in the cross-section of the water stream during the flow between the steering system and the outflow area. The segment through which the water flows is clearly lower and wider than the other modules of the power plant, which is due to the average water level in the Bystrzyca River. Such a shape is necessary because the inflow and outflow parts of the power plant must be submerged under water all the time. This is due to the principle of operation of the power plant, which works by obtaining a vacuum created by pumping air from the inside. The article also presents the results of the strength analysis, which was performed for the segment exposed to the highest loads. The analysis and the entire design were performed in Autodesk Inventor, and the results obtained were as expected and even in the most critical places no values were reached that would require changes to the design. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study uses patent citations data to measure knowledge spillovers at three levels: inventor, firm, and technology. We have collected Indian patents data granted by the United States Patent and Trademark Office (USPTO) and their backward citations from 1990 to 2019. To conduct our empirical analysis, we apply the Negative Binomial (NB) and Generalised Negative Binomial Model (GNBM). To account for other factors influencing knowledge spillovers, we control for patent inventor size, applicant size, patent scope, and claims. Our findings show that US-origin inventors outperform Indian and European inventors in terms of knowledge spillover from patent citations. Similarly, US firms show better knowledge spillover performance than Indian firms, foreign firms, Indian research centres, and other ownership categories. Lastly, the knowledge spillovers in chemistry technology patents are high compared to mechanical engineering, electrical engineering, and other technology categories from existing patent stock. The emperical finding of our study suggests that the government can promote knowledge spillovers from patent citations and advance India towards a knowledge-based economy by attracting foreign inventors and firms in the country, investing in domestic R&D, and developing human capital. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Bucket teeth are an important component of an excavator that functions as a material penetrator or digger. This part is prone to failure because it is in direct contact with the ground. This study aims to determine the value of stress, strain, deformation, and safety factors that occur in the Komatsu PC400 excavator bucket teeth against thickness variations of 2.5 mm, 5 mm, 7.5 mm, and 10 mm. This study uses a computer with specifications: processor: Intel (R) Celeron (R) N4000 CPU @ 1.10 GHz, memory: 8 GB. Windows 10 Home Single Language 64-bit Operating System. This computer is equipped with Autodesk Inventor Professional 2023 and ANSYS Workbench R1 2023 software. The method used in this research is a testing method using ANSYS software with a finite element method approach, namely static structural. The simulation results of bucket teeth show the maximum deformation values are 0.16382 mm, 0.13832 mm, 0.1249 mm, and 0.11619 mm, respectively. Furthermore, the maximum equivalent stress values are 108.6 Mpa, 79.712 Mpa, 80.338 Mpa, and 79.992 Mpa, respectively. For the equivalent elastic strain maximum, 0.00052993, 0.00038899, 0.000392, and 0.00039029 were obtained. Then the safety factor value is obtained 3.8214, 5.2062, 5.1657, and 5.188. This shows that the thicker the thickness variation, the better the strength value. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper examines the impact of entrepreneurs' inventor identity and entrepreneur patent participation on enterprise performance using the panel data of 358 firms from the Science and Technology Innovation Board in China from 2014–2019. The methodology applied in this study is ordinary least square (OLS) regression. Inventor identity (a dummy variable) and patent participation (measured by Entrepreneur Degree Centrality and Entrepreneur Betweenness Centrality) are independent variables. The dependent variable enterprise performance is split into patent quantity, speed, and quality. The results show that an entrepreneur's inventor identity positively affects the patent quantity and quality but slows the patent speed. Entrepreneur Degree Centrality negatively affects the patent quantity and quality but increases the patent speed. Entrepreneur Betweenness Centrality positively affects the patent quantity and quality, and there is a U-shape association between Entrepreneur Betweenness Centrality and patent speed. The findings suggest that entrepreneurs who are inventors can actively improve the patent quantity and quality. Still, an entrepreneur's full participation in patent may negatively affect the patent quantity and quality. Entrepreneurs should participate in a patent in a direction-oriented or node-controlled way. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Latinas, along with many other minoritized groups, are underrepresented as inventors in the United States. Despite accounting for over 9% of the population, <1% of U.S. patent holders are Latina. In an effort to increase diversity among inventors and patent holders, a number of K-12 programs have been created to provide opportunities for students to participate in the iterative and recursive processes of inventing. One example is the emerging field of invention education. Invention education is an educational approach which teaches students how to identify and solve problems within their communities. Little is known about the experiences of Latina students who have participated in invention education and have begun developing identities as inventors. Through narrative methodology, we analyzed how the life experiences of one Latina student contributed to her identity development as an inventor. Four themes were developed through the analysis of the Latina student's narrative. The first was the early and consistent support of her family members. The second theme was the student's understanding of the importance of Latinx representation in STEM. The student's participation in extracurricular STEM activities was the third theme that contributed to the development of her identity as an inventor. The final theme was her continued involvement in engineering at the university level. While early, consistent, and continued identity work in extracurricular invention and STEM activities contributed to the development of an inventor's identity, literature has shown that opportunities such as these are not available to all students, especially those who have been historically underrepresented as inventors. We argue for making access to invention education more equitable by embedding it within the school day. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Artificial Intelligence, as one of the most important grounds of new technologies, infiltrates all aspects of human being life. one of these aspects is the inventions created by artificial intelligence, and this question will arise that if artificial intelligence would benefit legal rights of inventions? what is the necessity of recognition of this legal right, and what are the challenges of recognition in the framework of traditional system of intellectual property law? The current article studies the possibility of inventorship of artificial intelligence, with a focus on DABUS, the famous case in which DABUS is named as an inventor in a patent application. The current research tries to examine the possibility of reconciling the requirements of invention patentability with the specifications of artificial intelligence, and investigate the possibility of inventorship and ownership of artificial intelligence using an analytical-descriptive method while addressing the process of DABUS case. Although DABUS patent applications have thus far failed in most legal systems, most requirements of patentability coincide with the features of artificial intelligence. Even Civil law countries acknowledge that originality cannot be assessed according to artistic quality, and it is necessary to apply different standards of originality for different types of works. Thus, the basis of IP protection should be reviewed. This study concludes that the recognition of DABUS as an inventor in some international patent offices can be the beginning of making changes in new patent system and also the recognition of other legal rights, namely the personality right of artificial intelligence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Based on the patent data from China National Intellectual Property Administration, we attempt to examine the effect of gender diversity in inventor teams on patent quality. We argue that gender diversity in inventor teams can promote patent quality, especially the invention patents that are high quality and radically innovative. Moreover, we find that the positive effect will be enhanced in places where women are well educated and improved by reducing gender discrimination. We propose that the effect will be more significant when market competition or market uncertainty is high as well as when the enterprises are private and growing. Ultimately, our study advocates that governments and enterprises should pay more attention to female labor forces, especially in the area of science and innovation, which is beneficial to improve innovation in China and eliminate gender inequality in the labor market.

Based on the patent data from China National Intellectual Property Administration, we attempt to examine the effect of gender diversity in inventor teams on patent quality. We argue that gender diversity in inventor teams can promote patent quality, especially the invention patents that are high quality and radically innovative. Moreover, we find that the positive effect will be enhanced in places where women are well educated and improved by reducing gender discrimination. We propose that the effect will be more significant when market competition or market uncertainty is high as well as when the enterprises are private and growing. Ultimately, our study advocates that governments and enterprises should pay more attention to female labor forces, especially in the area of science and innovation, which is beneficial to improve innovation in China and eliminate gender inequality in the labor market. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Latinas, along with many other minoritized groups, are underrepresented as inventors in the United States. Despite accounting for over 9% of the population,

Entrepreneurs and inventors as drivers of production and technology play an important role in the growth and development of any country. In our country, science and technology parks act as a support base for inventors, but so far no significant successes have been achieved in this field. The main goal of this research is to identify The obstacles to the success of inventors located in science and technology parks are in the science and technology park of West Azarbaijan province. The current research is an applied research in terms of purpose and a mixed research in terms of method. The data collection tools include interviews and questionnaires, and the statistical population of the research includes managers of growth and innovation centers affiliated to Science and Technology Park and managers of knowledge-based companies, who are called experts in this research. Purposive sampling method was used to select sample people. Maxqda and Excel software were used for data analysis. In this research, 13 in-depth interviews with experts were repeated. After completing the interviews and initial coding and extracting the articles for the final screening of the extracted codes, fuzzy Delphi was used. For this purpose, the questionnaire extracted from the interviews was given to the experts. Based on the fuzzy Delphi results, 69 themes in the form of 13 core codes were approved and agreed upon by the experts. The results show that financial issues, lack of information, lack of support Suitable products, product problems, market problems, licensing problems and management

Institutional and academic debates have intensified regarding the recent efforts to claim inventorship of AI-related patent applications, as has notably been seen in the known cases of Thaler v Comptroller ('DABUS') that have been examined in various jurisdictions. The pertinent question that has emerged is whether artificial intelligence systems can independently produce patentable subject matter. What has to be looked at, first, is the preliminary question of what the claim of producing inventions 'autonomously' can possibly mean under a technological perspective – an essential stage in the debate that is usually bypassed in legal commentary. Once such a technological explanation has been provided, a legal question can reasonably arise as to whether an AI process, such as software, may make a contribution that rewards a patent. AI inventions are legally approached and analysed as processes and as to their relationship with their direct products. Thus, where a process (AI) 'creates' or 'makes' a product, the focus is reasonably put on if and to what extent disclosing the product can provide a contribution separate to that which has already been provided by the process that created it. It is stressed that the current push for AI-generated products bypasses this key question which is essential in assessing the invention. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Inventions do not come in one format, so the right holder varies according to the occasion it reaches them. Only the financial rights are transferred to employers while the moral rights remain in the interest of inventors, as they are among rights closely related to personality and may not be waived with or without compensation. The worker's information, which is mainly associated with the establishment activity, becomes a weapon against employers if it falls into the hands of their competitors. Therefore, this research paper aimed to clarify what is meant by the worker and the employer, then define the invention types that the worker reaches during the implementation of the work contract. The study aims to distinguish labor law from other laws and then clarify the laws regulating the protection of workers’ inventions, their consequences, and what rules apply to it. The study also describes the legal effects that result before and after reaching the invention, as well as the rights and obligations of each party. This study followed the analytical approach of texts to get study results. Results showed that there are differences in the trademarks granted to foreign students, which necessitate attention in the applications granted to resident Jordanians and showed that there are differences for patents granted to foreign applications. Results also showed that Jordanian legislator came with a ruling that differs from what was stated in the Saudi law and the Omani patent law because the provisions of the Jordanian law talked about the case of accidental inventions and free inventions only. The study recommended adding some items to laws and legislations to be enforced in Jordan and deleting some texts and phrases that harm inventors. The study also recommends necessity to amend the text of article (22/b) of Jordanian labor law by deleting the phrase (unless otherwise agreed in writing) and replacing it with the phrase (and any agreement to the contrary is considered void).

In view of the complex structure, difficulty in design and miscellaneous information of the turbine, a design scheme of the Francis turbine based on BIM+ numerical simulation was proposed. Taking the HLFN-LJ-930 Francis flow turbine as an example, the application mechanism of BIM technology in the design stage was analyzed, and the way of BIM and numerical simulation data interaction was discussed. Then, with the help of fluid dynamics software Fluent, the RNG k-e model and SIMPLE algorithm were used to carry out CFD numerical simulation calculation and analysis of the turbine. The results show that the use of BIM collaborative work, information integration, visualization, collision detection and other functions can effectively solve various incongruity phenomena in the process of hydraulic turbine design, improve the design quality and efficiency. The information transmission of BIM and numerical simulation software is carried out by Inventor internal API interface, which improves the integrity of model data. The numerical simulation results show that the fluid flow inside the volute is good, there is local high pressure phenomenon at the head of the guide vane, and there is local negative pressure area at the back of the runner blade and the inlet of the tail pipe, which is prone to cavitation phenomenon. Further design is needed to improve its hydraulic performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Prudentia Iuris is the property of Pontificia Universidad Catolica Argentina and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Inonu University Law Review / İnönü Üniversitesi Hukuk Fakültesi Dergisi is the property of Inonu University Law Review (IULR) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

We provide extensive surveys in eight estuaries along the coast of Ceará State in Northeastern Brazil, including local samples and data compiled from online data bases and literature. Samplings resulted in a checklist of the estuarine fish fauna, which recorded 126 fish species, and provides original information of some estuaries. Most of the sampled marine species are widely distributed and many are important commercial species for the artisanal fisheries. The addition of records from existing inventories and online collections increases the number of species to 245, of which 11 are threatened (critically endangered or vulnerable) and six are introduced. Our study provides an updated list of fish species of the estuaries along the semiarid coast of Brazil and is intended as a subsidy for further research, conservation and management efforts.

Protecting patent rights as principal example of industrial property rights and granting material and spiritual rights to the owner of the invention papers and the history of legislation of the issue in 1921, before ratification of such laws as Civil Code and Trade Law, indicate legal protection of patent rights. However, despite enactment of various domestic laws as well as many international conventions such as Paris Convention for Protection of Industrial Property (1883) and Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS) with Islamic Republic of Iran joining some of these conventions, jurisprudential and legal foundations of this right in terms of lack of history of the issue in Islamic Law, as well as novelty of this branch of law – that is among the newly emerged issues according to some jurists – have created different challenges and viewpoints which are sometimes contradictory. This paper first reviews opinions for and against this branch of law, and while readdressing Imam Khomeini’s opinion concerning the subject, analyzes some legal foundations of the issue.

This research investigates the role of parents in explaining the surprisingly low presence of women among inventors despite their increase among graduates from science, technology, engineering and mathematics (STEM) subjects. With Danish registry data on the population born between 1966 and 1985 and an experimental setting crafted on siblings' gender composition, we find that the transmission of inventorship from parents to children disfavors daughters if they have a (second-born) brother. We complement this analysis with evidence about the role of parental factors at different stages of children's education. Overall, our results confirm that parental role models matter for children's education, especially at early stages and, through this, increase the probability of a child's becoming an inventor. However, the direct transmission of inventorship that favors boys much more than girls seems to be affected by gendered expectations developed by parents about daughters' and sons' returns from inventorship. Our study contributes to explaining who becomes an inventor and why by adding an important boundary condition to the literature: Parents are intermediaries who, based on their own interpretation of external information about inventive jobs, contribute to create or limit opportunities for their children. This paper was accepted by Olav Sorenson, organizations. Funding: The authors got financial funding from the Novo Nordisk Foundation in the course of the project "Investments, incentives, and the impact of Danish research (Triple-I-Research)" [Grant NNF16OC0021444]. Supplemental Material: Data files and the online appendix are available at https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2022.4432. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Los avances en la tecnología de la inteligencia artificial han llevado a reconsiderar fundamentos esenciales del sistema de patentes. En particular, han confrontado los conceptos seminales de inventor, en la medida en que se cuestiona la posibilidad de que un sistema de inteligencia artificial pueda ser así categorizado. El propósito de este artículo es proponer un entendimiento sistémico e interdisciplinario de la actividad del intelecto artificial, con el fin de determinar si, con el desarrollo actual, se tienen nuevos inventores susceptibles de protección por la vía de la propiedad intelectual. Así, desde un paradigma positivista y utilizando técnicas cualitativas, esta investigación pretende contribuir, con un análisis jurídico, filosófico y técnico, a una de las discusiones más relevantes en la actualidad.

Copyright of Propiedad Inmaterial is the property of Universidad Externado de Colombia, Centro de Estudios de la Propriedad Intelectual and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Propiedad Inmaterial is the property of Universidad Externado de Colombia, Centro de Estudios de la Propriedad Intelectual and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

While computer programs were purely tools for people to perform their creative activities 50 years ago, computer programs today, so called Artificial Intelligence(AI), can create intellectual products independently from people. The US has a leading role over all other countries in top-tier AI research, as well as most AI-related patent application filing. Does the US protect such inventions? If not, how does the US deal with liability concerning AI application? How does the development of AI call for intellectual property right law reforms in the US? The paper aims at addressing the above questions. Moreover, the paper provides a comprehensive analysis on AI-related patent in the US in comparison with the Vietnamese legal system. Descriptive legal research, analytical approach, comparison of legislation and case studies are employed in the paper. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

There is still a lack of knowledge of Andalas University inventors on the importance of the Innovation Readiness Level (KATSINOV), which is a tool to measure the level of innovation. Therefore, it is necessary to hold socialization to the inventors and SMEs of Padang City to provide information about the importance of this KATSINOV. This socialization activity was carried out through a zoom meeting by inviting experts in this field. The method used is the presentation method, namely by providing socialization about KATSINOV to the inventors and tenants of Andalas University. In addition, the methods used were observation and direct interviews with Andalas University inventors to identify and measure KATSINOV's respective products. Socialization was provided by resource persons who understand KATSINOV. Katsinov is organized into six levels and seven key aspects covering technology, market, organization, partnership, risk, manufacturing and investment. This socialization activity resulted in the measurement of the level of product innovation readiness of Andalas University research. Furthermore, it was necessary to design a website-based application to facilitate the measurement of KATSINOV research products and West Sumatra MSME products.

Not only do advanced artificially intelligent (AI) systems play an increasingly important role in modern society, but they also significantly enhance industrial and economic development. AI systems are already capable of generating outputs, which, had they been created by humans, would be eligible for patent protection. Polish patent regime has yet to determine how it will address inventive computational results. This paper aims at addressing a question whether AI-generated outputs can be considered patentable inventions under Polish legal framework and if so, who would be recognized as the inventor. The author draws conclusions de lege lata and briefly outlines de lege ferenda observations. The author argues that vesting the inventor status in one of the persons who contributed to the AI-generated result offers a reasonable incentive to actors involved in the innovation process and, at the same time, leaving aside vexed problem of computational personhood, does not undermine established legal paradigms, in particular the traditional notion of human creator (inventor).

Artificial Intelligence and its subfield Machine Learning have considerable potential to improve the welfare of humans. Due to the specifics of Artificial Intelligence and its enhancing capabilities, there is an increasing incentive to innovate if the role of Artificial Intelligence in the inventive process is recognized not solely as a tool under the patent legal framework. Nonetheless, since the concept of an “inventor” is traditionally attributed to natural persons, there is no consensus on whether the mentioned term should be interpreted as a living instrument. This article focuses on interpreting the concept of an “inventor” under the patent legal framework. It outlines the potential approaches to address an incentive to innovate if the role of Artificial Intelligence in the inventive process not only as a tool is reflected. The main argument developed in the article is that proposals to amend the patent legal framework to address the issue might not be as preferred as introducing the certification system instead.

Edward Hartley Angle was an eminent American scientist, dentist, great inventor, being rightly considered to be the father of modern orthodontics. The great American scientist was the author of an impressive number of patents (46) and was the coordinator of 7 editions of some impressive orthodontic treatises. Thus, in this material, important data from the biography of Dr. Edward Hartley Angle.

Bioenergy is an important renewable energy source. Its development depends more on technological innovation, especially collaborative innovation. As patent data shows the latest technological progress, it is considered to be one of the indicators describing technological innovation. This paper analyzes the accumulation process of bioenergy technology innovation capabilities in different countries or regions from the perspective of co-patents. We collected all co-patents in bioenergy field in the European Patent Office (EPO) from 1976 to 2018, and used social network analysis to visualize the nodes, clusters and their relationships in the inventor, transnational inventor and country co-patent networks. The empirical results indicate that the number of co-patents has noticeably increased since 2008. The most common technology areas comprise biofuels, biochemistry and enzymology. China has the largest number of co-patents in bioenergy field and it is prominent in the inventor co-patent network. The United States is more important in the transnational inventor co-patent network and the country co-patent network, and both are dominant. The research on the status of co-patents can provide a new perspective for technological innovation, which will help make future technology planning of different countries more rationally. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Edward Hartley Angle was an eminent American scientist, dentist, great inventor, being rightly considered to be the father of modern orthodontics. The great American scientist was the author of an impressive number of patents (46) and was the coordinator of 7 editions of some impressive Orthodontic Treatises. Thus, in this material, which we structured in 2 distinct parts, we tried to present as concisely as possible the most important data from the biography of Dr. Edward Hartley Angle.

Copyright of Romanian Journal of Intellectual Property Law / Revista Română de Dreptul Proprietăţii Intelectuale is the property of Universul Juridic Publishing House and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Jurnal Syarikah: Jurnal Ekonomi Islam is the property of Universitas Djuanda and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The present paper presents an alternative method regarding the practical solution of defining the puzzle game in terms of design, graphics, 3D modeling and manufacture of the puzzle game. The practical example of making a puzzle game defined by assembling components resulting the administrative map of Romania.

The study, which can be considered unique, based on the biographies of nearly 3,000 above-average people in science, art and physical education. The individuals analyzed were classified into 25 disciplines, and analyzed them based on nine criteria. Each of the individuals analyzed has contributed not only to the development and improvement of our nation but also to the world. During the analyses in science, I always tried to place special emphasis on the presentation of the areas beyond the borders, on the demonstration that Hungarian culture and art cannot be interpreted without the separated areas. This is particularly evident in the presentation of birth and death places, career stages, and secondary and higher education institutions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Henri Joseph Lentulo was not only a famous dentist, but he was also an important inventor, whose remarkable contributions revolutionized dental practice in the first half of the twentieth century. Thus, in this material we tried to describe as succinctly as possible the activity of this exceptional Italian-French scientist, who was Dr. Henri Joesph Lentulo. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Romanian Journal of Intellectual Property Law / Revista Română de Dreptul Proprietăţii Intelectuale is the property of Universul Juridic Publishing House and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Lucrari Stiintifice, Universitatea de Stiinte Agricole Si Medicina Veterinara Ion Ionescu de la Brad Iasi, Seria Horticultura is the property of University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine (Editura Ion Ionescu de la Brad) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Background – The number of vascular plant species known to occur in Gabon rises quickly due to renewed collecting and inventory activities, often in little-known or previously uncollected areas.Methods – Herbarium material from BR, BRLU and WAG was studied.Results – Two genera (Alloteropsis, Entolasia), eleven species and one variety of grasses are recorded from Gabon for the first time (Alloteropsis paniculata, Cenchrus echinatus, Elionurus platypus, Entolasia olivacea, Eragrostis patens, Hyparrhenia diplandra var. mutica, Leersia triandra, Loudetia annua, Oryza longistaminata, Rottboellia purpurascens, Sacciolepis africana and Setaria geminata), while information on two erroneous species reports is provided. This brings the total number of grass species known to occur in Gabon to 190. Finally, new records of four rare species (Elionurus hensii, Guaduella macrostachys, Paratheria prostrata and Puelia schumanniana) are discussed.

Статья посвящена 80-летию профессора Триняк Николая Григорьеви- ча и освещает его биографические данные и личность врача, ученого-изобретателя и новатора в стенах Буковинского государственного медицинского университета. Научная новизна. Кроме основных этапов жизненного пути, педагогиче- ских и творческих достижений ученого, в работе впервые исследована деятельность ученого как изобретателя, новатора и рационализатора. Сделан упор на основные направления его научных исследований: влияние гипербарической оксиге- нации, гипоксически-гиперкапнического состава воздуха на организм, клинико-физиологическое обоснование дифферен- цированного применения процедур лечебной физической культуры в клинике внутренних болезней и в спорте. Рассмот- рены главные его инновационные разработки, которые касались выделения эндогенно чистой поверхностно-активного вещества (сурфактанта) с легких, лечение органов дыхания, определения артериовенозной разницы кислорода в сетчатке глаза, применение методики регламентированного дыхания для повышения физической работоспособности спортсменов и восстановление их в случае перетренировки, и др. Методология. Биографический и системный методы анализа, мето- ды исторического обзора. Источниковедческая база. Личный архив проф. М. Триняка, его научные публикации в веду- щих для своего времени медицинских журналах, периодические издания Государственного комитета по делам изобрете- ний и открытий СССР, Центрального научно-исследовательского института патентной информации и технико- экономических исследований. Выводы. Николай Григорьевич Триняк – талантливый, трудолюбивый и целеустремлен- ный ученый, которому своей творческой биографией продемонстрировал настоящую преданность делу лечения людей. Он является автором более 100 научных публикаций, 6 монографий, 2 учебников, 40 рационализаторских предложений и изобретений, 4 авторских свидетельств СССР, 6 патентов Украины и патента Российской Федерации. Его научные разра- ботки, способы диагностики, профилактики и лечения внедрены в практику. Некоторые из них стали хрестоматийными и внесены в учебники высших медицинских и педагогических учебных заведений.

There has been a constant resonance on the legality of mentioning artificial computing entity as an inventor the world over. There have been various instances of judicial decisions with an elaborate commentary on the legality of a robot or AI becoming the inventor of a patent. Considering the legal implications of AI being the inventors of inventions through identifying gaps by analysing tonnes of information through various big data analysing means, a new policy framework is necessitated. However, the big question that arises is, should the development of such inventions and their consequent patenting should be disallowed as the recent judgments have been made, or should there be regulations on inventorship of such patents and their resulting ownership. The present article attempts to give a prognosis for adapting a new legal viewpoint for considering the AI as an inventor rather than just rejecting them. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Strategic Universe Journal / Univers Strategic is the property of Dimitrie Cantemir Christian University, Institute for Security Studies and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Edward Hartley Angle was an eminent American scientist, dentist, great inventor, being rightly considered to be the father of modern orthodontics. The great American scientist was the author of an impressive number of patents (46) and was the coordinator of 7 editions of some impressive orthodontic treatises. Thus, in this material, which we structured in 2 distinct parts, we tried to present as concisely as possible the most important data from the biography of Dr. Edward Hartley Angle. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Elias Howe Jr. is considered as the inventor of the sewing machine. Four patents were issued before him, but none of the inventors was able to market their invention worldwide. The "Science and Technics" Collection of "Paul Păltănea" History Museum of Galați contains one piece of the first commercial sewing machine batch in the world (inventory number: 21799). This sewing machine was probably manufactured between 1879-1880. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Traian Vuia, a complex personality often linked to the father of mechanical flight, was, is and definitely will be one of the most debated names of the huge aeronautical sphere of all times. The path that the inventor chose without hesitation proved to be an axis mundi of his future destiny, which gained wings and, at the same time, gave him wings. Even though they seem to be fairytales, his unstoppable progress and life were sometimes paved with obstacles and slips. However, the symbiosis between the continuous desire to become the best version of himself and the need to make valuable contributions to the aviation field has resulted in his philosophy, which still provides us with remarkable achievements. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Turkish Journal of Religious Education Studies / Türkiye Din Eğitimi Araştırmaları Dergisi is the property of Turkish Journal of Religious Education Studies and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Not only do advanced artificially intelligent (AI) systems play an increasingly important role in modern society, but they also significantly enhance industrial and economic development. AI systems are already capable of generating outputs, which, had they been created by humans, would be eligible for patent protection. Polish patent regime has yet to determine how it will address inventive computational results. This paper aims at addressing a question whether AI-generated outputs can be considered patentable inventions under Polish legal framework and if so, who would be recognized as the inventor. The author draws conclusions de lege lata and briefly outlines de lege ferenda observations. The author argues that vesting the inventor status in one of the persons who contributed to the AI-generated result offers a reasonable incentive to actors involved in the innovation process and, at the same time, leaving aside vexed problem of computational personhood, does not undermine established legal paradigms, in particular the traditional notion of human creator (inventor). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

В представленной статье про- анализирована новаторская деятельность доктора медицинских наук, профессора, заведующего кафедрой офтальмологии Черновицкого медицинского института Радзиховского Бориса Леонидовича – известного в Украине и в СССР изобретате- ля в области офтальмологии. Несмотря на большое количество историографических материалов, посвященных жизни и творчеству профессора, авторы статьи поставили цель – описать менее исследованые страницы его деятельности – изоб- ретательство и рационализаторство. Актуальность исследования продиктована приближением 75-летнего юбилея Буко- винского медицинского университета и необходимостью воспитания у будущих медиков творческого подхода к лечебно- му делу. Методика работы основана на анализе архивных, библиографических материалов, мемуарной литературы. Осо- бенное внимание было уделено тем изобретениям, которые были зарегистрированы Комитетом по делам изобретений и открытий при Совете Министров СССР. В поле зрения исследователей оказались такие его изобретения, как протез- индикатор, глазные тонометры разных конструкций, блефаростат, гониоскоп, альгезиметры и трепаны разных конструк- ций, офтальмоперифериескоп, бинокулярная лупа, периметр, коноидоскоп, динаморефрактор и др. Среди новых методов исследований, нововведений и рационализаторских предложений Б.Л. Радзиховского были описаны скотометрическая и рефлекторно-световая пробы, новаторское использование этония, трепаноириденклейз, усовершенствованный иглодержа- тель, криоэкстрактор с управляемым температурным режимом, экстракция старческой катаракты с сумкой, новый метод офтальмоскопии в прямом виде, новая концепция развития пресбиопии, новый клинический способ подбирания пресбио- пических очков, новая конструкция пинцета, новая операция при рецидивах птеригиума, проксиметр и др. Выводы. Исс- ледовательская и новаторская деятельность Б.Л. Радзиховского в сфере офтальмологии вывела его на уровень ученого с всесоюзным именем. Он публиковался в самых престижных изданиях, его монографии выходили многотысячными тира- жами, изобретения выпускались в серийное производство на всесоюзном уровне и внедрялись в клиниках Черновицкого, Днепропетровского, Одесского, Киевского, Тернопольского, Ереванского, Ташкентского мединститутов, в Институте глазных болезней Гельмгольца и Институте витаминологии (Москва), в институтах Ленинграда. Ученый был членом прав- ления Всесоюзного и Всеукраинского научных обществ офтальмологов, председателем Черновицкого областного общест- ва офтальмологов, награжден орденом «Трудового Красного Знамени», медалями, стал заслуженным деятелем науки Ук- раины. В наше время ссылки на его монографии можно найти в диссертациях с офтальмологии, в медицинских энцикло- педиях, в учебниках для студентов медицинских вузов, в научных работах.innovative activity of the doctor of medical sciences, professor, head of the depart- ment of ophthalmology in Chernivtsi State Medical Institute Boris Leonidovich Radzihovsky. He was a well-known inventor in Ukraine and the USSR in the field of ophthalmology. Despite the large number of historiographic materials devoted to the professor’s biography and work, the authors of the article were aimed at revealing the less re- searched pages of his work about his own inventions and rationaliza- tions. The novelty of the study is due to the approaching 75th anniver- sary of the BDMU and the need to educate future physicians about a creative approach to medical care. The methodology of the article is based on the analysis of archival, bibliographic materials, memoirs. Particular attention was paid to the study of those inventions that were registered by the Committee on Inventions and Discoveries under the Council of Ministers of the USSR. In the proposed field, the researchers had found such inventions as a prosthetic indicator, eye tonometers of various designs, blufferostatus, gonioscope, various “alzheimers”, sev- eral types of corneal trepings, “ophthalmoperiferioscope”, binocular magnifier, perimeter, conodoscope, dynamo refractor. Among the new research methods, innovations and rational proposals B. L. Radzik- hovsky described scotometric and reflex-light tests, innovative use of ethony, trepanoridentclease, ophthalmologic atlas, advanced needle holder, cryoextractor with controlled temperature regimen, extraction of aging cataract with a bag, a new directtal ophthalmoscopy, a new con- cept for the development of a presbyopia, a new clinical method for the selection of presbyopic glasses, a new pinsetal design, a new operation in relapsing pterygium, proximeter, and others. Conclusions. Research and Innovation made by B. L. Radzihovsky in the field of ophthalmol- ogy brought him to the level of a scientist with the famous name. He was published in the leading professional editions, his monographs were published in thousands of copies, inventions were introduced into mass production at the All-Union level and in clinics of Chernivtsi, Dni- propetrovsk, Odessa, Kiev, Ternopil, Yerevan, Tashkent medical institu- tions, the Institute of Eye Diseases of Helmholtz and the Institute of Vitamins (Moscow) , in the institutes of Leningrad. The scientist was a member of the Board of the All-Union and All-Ukrainian Scientific Societies of Ophthalmologists, the head of the Chernivtsi Regional Scientific Society of Ophthalmologists, and delivered reports at the jubilee scientific conference devoted to the 80th anniversary of academi- cian V. P. Filatov (1955), at the All-Union Conferences of Innovators and Rationalizers in the Field of Ophthalmology (1960, 1964), and others like that B. L. Radzihovsky was awarded the Order of the "Red Banner of Labor", with medals, was awarded the title of Honored Scien- tist of Ukraine. In current time, calling on his monograph and methodol- ogy can be found in dissertations on ophthalmology, in medical ency- clopedias, in textbooks for students of medical universities, in scientific works. At the celebration of the 120th anniversary of the founding of the journal "Herald of Ophthalmology" the name of Professor B. L. Radzi- hovsky was included in the list of authors who made a significant contri- bution to the study of glaucoma. Biography of the B. L. Radzihovsky, as well as the vocation on his work, we find on the sites of various publish- ing houses, medical and pharmacological web-sites.

The scientific problem is to evaluate the results of using Autodesk Inventor software for modelling work processes specific to single-bucket loaders. The basis for this scientific research is the fundamental knowledge that allows using the ideas concerned with virtual models and the possibility of their further application. The goal of the study is to analyse work processes of loaders using computer modelling facilities. Methodology. Research methodology includes the methods of finite elements, the use of software tools for the application of computer programs for modelling the loader dynamics and conducting experiments using a personal computer. Results. The results of the research are the graphical and mathematical dependences of the values which have been estimated experimentally. Originality. The present paper allowed carrying out the research of the single-bucket loaders’ dynamics in the following aspects: moving across an obstacle, running over an insurmountable obstacle, a sharp brake of the loader. Practical value. The method of using the Autodesk Inventor software for modelling the dynamics of the loader has been developed. The basic kinematic parameters and the support reactions for a wheel moving across obstacles have been determined for various designs of single-bucket loaders.