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Parodontalna bolezen je kronična vnetna bolezen, ki prizadene podporna tkiva zob in lahko vodi do izgube zob, če ni ustrezno zdravljena. Glavni vzrok za nastanek parodontalne bolezni je neravnovesje v ustnem mikrobiomu, kompleksni skupnosti mikroorganizmov, ki naseljujejo ustno votlino. Porušenje tega ravnovesja lahko povzroči razraščanje patogenih bakterij, ki sprožijo vnetni odziv dlesni. Prehrana ima pomemben vpliv tudi na sestavo in raznolikost ustnega mikrobioma, ter lahko tako bistveno vpliva na zdravje dlesni in splošno ustno zdravje. Vključitev protivnetnih hranil, kot so omega-3 maščobne kisline, antioksidanti, vitamin D, polifenoli ter zmanjšanje vnosa sladkorjev lahko pomaga pri obvladovanju in preprečevanju parodontalne bolezni. Terapevtska uporaba probiotikov, kot so bifidobakterije in laktobacili, predstavlja nov koncept v zobozdravstvu. Raziskave kažejo, da lahko redna uporaba probiotičnih dopolnil ali živil, bogatih s probiotiki, kot so jogurti in fermentirana hrana, podpira vzdrževanje uravnoteženega ustnega mikrobioma. Probiotiki pri parodontalni bolezni delujejo tako, da zavirajo rast patogenih bakterij, zmanjšujejo vnetne odzive v ustni votlini ter spodbujajo imunski sistem za boljšo obrambo pred okužbami. Poleg tega spodbujajo proliferacijo fibroblastov in tako podpirajo celjenje tkiv. Nadzor prehrane ter vnos vitaminskih dodatkov in probiotikov, lahko skupaj z dobro ustno higieno in rednimi obiski zobozdravnika znatno izboljša stanje dlesni in prepreči napredovanje parodontalne bolezni.

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When nanoparticles enter the body, their interactions with cells are almost unavoidable. Unintended nanoparticle interaction with immune cells may elicit a molecular response that can have toxic effects and lead to greater susceptibility to infectious diseases, autoimmune disorders, and cancer development. As evidenced by several studies, nanoparticle interactions with biological systems can stimulate inflammatory or allergic reactions and activate the complement system. Nanoparticles can also stimulate immune response by acting as adjuvants or as haptens. Immunosuppressive effects have also been reported. This article gives a brief review of in vitro and in vivo research evidencing stimulatory or suppressive effects of nanoparticles on the immune system of mammals. In order to ensure safe use of nanosized particles, future research should focus on how their physical and chemical properties influence their behaviour in the biological environment, as they not only greatly affect nanoparticle-immune system interactions but can also interfere with experimental assays. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]