Search

Featured Application: This novel approach provides a seamless, straightforward means to make 6LoWPAN devices—pragmatically any kind of incumbent from IPv6-based IoT networks—more accessible under the scope of the omnipresent, classic IPv4 Internet. The burgeoning complexity and heterogeneity of IoT networks, coupled with their rapid growth, constant evolution, and new players, present significant challenges in terms of connectivity, interoperability, management, and usability. These networks, composed of a diverse array of devices, technologies and the like, demand innovative solutions to bridge the gaps between different IoT technologies and communication protocols. This article presents a simple, yet efficacious communication Relay to address one of these critical gaps. This Relay uses NB-IoT to ease the integration of 6LoWPAN-based IoT devices (IPv6) into the public legacy Internet (IPv4). This device translates 6LoWPAN, IPv6 CoAP messages into Internet-standard REST requests, so that appropriate handling of devices' data be achieved in several stages. Thus, the Relay establishes two branches of communications: (i) the local network where the 6LoWPAN gateway is placed, and (ii) the public NB-IoT network. User interaction and data analysis are achieved by virtue of Home Assistant, where former 6LoWPAN devices are now discovered and shown as proper Home Assistant entities thanks to the Relay's ease of integration into the open-source platform. This novel approach not only ensures efficient data and network management, but it also meets the urgent necessity for advanced solutions in enhancing actual IoT interconnectivity and monitoring. The unprecedented pace at which IoT devices, players and different networks have been proliferating in recent times is not compatible with countless manufacturer-dependent platforms, applications, and proprietary protocols that the IoT field has been leading with so far, almost from its beginnings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

El siguiente documento presenta un examen e investigación de un sistema meteorológico que utiliza la tecnología IoT y Raspberry Pi. El objetivo principal es ilustrar una de las numerosas aplicaciones de las tecnologías emergentes. Se establece una red WLAN compacta para enlazar el servidor de la estación meteorológica con un controlador domótico a través de un dispositivo Raspberry Pi. Esto permite incorporar el Internet de las Cosas al sistema previsto y recopilar datos de varios sensores de la estación meteorológica. Además, estos datos se comparan con los obtenidos por otros sistemas online en un periodo de tiempo determinado, afirmando la eficacia de los sensores con una tasa de precisión del 97,66% y la exactitud de los datos recogidos. Se crea así un precedente para futuras investigaciones en los ámbitos de la domótica y las telecomunicaciones.

The subject of study in this article and research are technologies and models of remote communication of nodes, as well as individual small-sized components of embedded IoT systems. The goal is to simplify the process of configuration by the end user of the system based on devices with the possibility of communication over Internet. The task is: to analyze the problems and requirements for the creation of IoT systems; to perform the analysis and classification of the hardware components of IoT systems; to analyze the process of the communication between individual elements of IoT system; to perform the research of the communication protocols for IoT; to analyze an existing services for organization of the communication of devices with the possibility of connection to the Internet; to propose the models of the communication of the elements of IoT system. According to the tasks, the following results were obtained. The existing ways and problems of communicating of devices with Internet connection are analyzed. Possible technical solutions and components of IoT systems are analyzed. The classification of the set of components of such IoT systems is performed. The process of selecting the components based on the set of initial requirements with taking into account the parameters of the price, the necessary efforts for customer to deploy the system and the possibility of modification of the system is proposed. The problems of creation of systems with the Internet access using cheap microcontrollers with a small program memory and taking into account the requirements of limited resources is discussed. The process of the communication of the service with the device and connected peripheral modules is described in detail. The analysis of existing protocols for communication between the service and IoT device is performed. The models that describe possible types of interaction of individual nodes are offered. Conclusions. The performed analysis allowed to classify and highlight five types of components for creation of IoT systems and to correlate their price, required efforts for installation and the possibility of modification by customer. The service for simple communication with microcontrollers with limited resources and the open source service for creation of secure smart home system with wide support of protocols are found. The practical significance of this study is the possibility to decide what a set of components is the most suitable for a specific distributed hardware system, as well as the possibility to choose the model of interaction and to choose the communication protocol with finding or creation of the service for IoT communication.

The subject of study in this article is technologies and services of communication of elements of smart home, as well as the models, methods, and tools for prototyping of interaction of devices for Internet of Things (IoT). The goal is to simplify the process of creation a service for the programmable by an end user device with the ability to communicate over Internet and to simplify the process of choosing the components for such devices. Task: to perform the analysis of IoT systems requirements and possible issues during the process of creation; to perform the analysis of requirements of safety and cybersecurity for IoT systems; to perform the research and classification of components of IoT systems; to perform the research of communication process between elements of IoT system; to analyze IoT communication protocols; to perform the analysis of services for IoT communication; propose the models of communication of IoT nodes; propose technique for creation of service; and provide practical example of implementation of the research results. According to the tasks, the following results were obtained. The analysis of possible problems and requirements for prototyping elements of smart home systems with Internet access is performed. The analysis of the existing architectures layers of IoT systems is performed. Models of Edge and Fog for IoT system are considered. Analysis of cybersecurity considerations for the devices communication is performed. Five types of components for smart home systems were classified. The process of communication of smart home elements with service at the model level is described. Existing communication protocols for the communication of devices over Internet are analyzed. Commercial and open source communication services for different types of devices are analyzed. Models of IoT node interaction are proposed. Technique of creation of a service for communication of devices and example of use are proposed. Conclusions. The main contribution of this research is the proposed method of creation of own service for communication over Internet for devices implemented on the basis of widely used microcontrollers. Based on the proposed classification of IoT hardware components, it is possible to simplify the decision-making process of selection based on the parameters of price, required efforts from the end customer for installation, and expandability in terms of the possibility of integration of the solution with wider systems. The performed analysis allows to conclude that from existing services ThingSpeak is interesting for use with the simplest chips, and Home Assistant is the preferable solution for home automation.

Wireless sensor-based smart home systems are increasingly gaining prevalence, offering new opportunities for automation and an improved quality of life. However, the seamless integration of multi-layer wireless sensor networks remains a significant challenge. This article delves into a comprehensive approach to integrate wireless networks that employ distinct protocols, such as Zigbee, Z-Wave, Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, and LoRa, within the context of Home Assistant-based smart homes. The article explores architectural solutions and data transformation methods, and presents the outcomes of performance experiments, as well as the stability of multi-layered wireless sensor networks. These findings culminate in the identification of an optimal configuration. The formulation of this research problem sets the stage for novel perspectives in the development of efficient and adaptive smart homes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The subject of study in this article is technologies and services of communication of elements of smart home, as well as the models, methods, and tools for prototyping of interaction of devices for Internet of Things (IoT). The goal is to simplify the process of creation a service for the programmable by an end user device with the ability to communicate over Internet and to simplify the process of choosing the components for such devices. Task: to perform the analysis of IoT systems requirements and possible issues during the process of creation; to perform the analysis of requirements of safety and cybersecurity for IoT systems; to perform the research and classification of components of IoT systems; to perform the research of communication process between elements of IoT system; to analyze IoT communication protocols; to perform the analysis of services for IoT communication; propose the models of communication of IoT nodes; propose technique for creation of service; and provide practical example of implementation of the research results. According to the tasks, the following results were obtained. The analysis of possible problems and requirements for prototyping elements of smart home systems with Internet access is performed. The analysis of the existing architectures layers of IoT systems is performed. Models of Edge and Fog for IoT system are considered. Analysis of cybersecurity considerations for the devices communication is performed. Five types of components for smart home systems were classified. The process of communication of smart home elements with service at the model level is described. Existing communication protocols for the communication of devices over Internet are analyzed. Commercial and open source communication services for different types of devices are analyzed. Models of IoT node interaction are proposed. Technique of creation of a service for communication of devices and example of use are proposed. Conclusions. The main contribution of this research is the proposed method of creation of own service for communication over Internet for devices implemented on the basis of widely used microcontrollers. Based on the proposed classification of IoT hardware components, it is possible to simplify the decision-making process of selection based on the parameters of price, required efforts from the end customer for installation, and expandability in terms of the possibility of integration of the solution with wider systems. The performed analysis allows to conclude that from existing services ThingSpeak is interesting for use with the simplest chips, and Home Assistant is the preferable solution for home automation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In today's smart homes, the infrastructure of IoT (Internet of Things) technology is used. As the use of smart homes increases, cyber attacks in this area are also increasing. It is very important to detect and prevent cyber attacks on smart homes as early as possible. In this study, a machine learning-based method is proposed to detect and prevent cyber attacks against smart homes. First of all, a smart home platform was created using the “Home Assistant” technology. Smart homes make extensive use of “Home Assistant” technology. The created smart home platform makes use of sensors and cameras. People can monitor and manage their homes remotely using sensors and cameras. Seven attacks, namely “brute force ftp”, “brute force ssh”, “dos http flood”, “dos icmp flood”, “dos syn flood”, “syn scan” and “udp scan” were carried out on the developed smart home platform. The collected dataset consists of eight classes with “normal” packages. A total of 435815 sample data were collected for eight classes. XGBOOST algorithm was used on this obtained dataset and attack types were classified. For Hold-out 80:20 and Hold-out 70:30 training test data, 92.55% and 92.49% accuracy were calculated, respectively. The results of the proposed XGBOOST algorithm were compared with the results of other machine learning algorithms and the results were found to be successful. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The burgeoning complexity and heterogeneity of IoT networks, coupled with their rapid growth, constant evolution, and new players, present significant challenges in terms of connectivity, interoperability, management, and usability. These networks, composed of a diverse array of devices, technologies and the like, demand innovative solutions to bridge the gaps between different IoT technologies and communication protocols. This article presents a simple, yet efficacious communication Relay to address one of these critical gaps. This Relay uses NB-IoT to ease the integration of 6LoWPAN-based IoT devices (IPv6) into the public legacy Internet (IPv4). This device translates 6LoWPAN, IPv6 CoAP messages into Internet-standard REST requests, so that appropriate handling of devices’ data be achieved in several stages. Thus, the Relay establishes two branches of communications: (i) the local network where the 6LoWPAN gateway is placed, and (ii) the public NB-IoT network. User interaction and data analysis are achieved by virtue of Home Assistant, where former 6LoWPAN devices are now discovered and shown as proper Home Assistant entities thanks to the Relay’s ease of integration into the open-source platform. This novel approach not only ensures efficient data and network management, but it also meets the urgent necessity for advanced solutions in enhancing actual IoT interconnectivity and monitoring. The unprecedented pace at which IoT devices, players and different networks have been proliferating in recent times is not compatible with countless manufacturer-dependent platforms, applications, and proprietary protocols that the IoT field has been leading with so far, almost from its beginnings.

This publication presents a system for integrating machine learning and artificial intelligence solutions with building automation systems. The platform is based on cloud solutions and can integrate with one of the most popular virtual building management solutions, HomeAssistant. The System uses communication based on the Message Queue Telemetry Transport (MQTT) protocol. The example machine learning function described in this publication detects anomalies in the electricity waveforms and raises the alarm. This information determines power quality and detects system faults or unusual power consumption. Recently, increasing electricity prices on global markets have meant that buildings must significantly reduce consumption. Therefore, a fundamental element of energy consumption diagnostics requires detecting unusual forms of energy consumption to optimise the use of individual devices in home and office installations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Kinmen, the famous Cold War island also known as Quemoy, is a typical island with isolated power grids. It considers the promotion of renewable energy and electric charging vehicles to be two essential strategies to achieve the goal of a low-carbon island and smart grid. With this motivation in mind, the main objective of this study is to design and deploy an energy management system for hundreds of current PV sites distributed on the island, energy storage systems, and charging stations on the island. In addition, the real-time acquisition of the data for power generation, power storage, and power consumption systems will be used for future demand and response analysis. Moreover, the accumulated dataset will also be utilized for the forecast or prediction of renewable energy generated by the PV systems or power consumed by the battery units or charging stations. The results of this study are promising since a practical, robust, and workable system and database are developed and implemented with a variety of Internet of Things (IoT), data transmission technologies, and the hybrid of on-premises and cloud servers. Users of the proposed system can remotely access the visualized data through the user-friendly web-based and Line bot interfaces seamlessly. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents the process of development of an intelligent remote Smart Home system, which includes the definition of system functionality, the realization challenges and the elaborated solutions. The system is aimed at monitoring and managing elements of the smart home (or work environment) on the Home Assistant platform and its integration with voice assistants. The developed intelligent system solves the problem of using various interface applications, communication protocols and standards of the used devices. The system uses the location detection of the household members as a part of the Smart Home functionality. For the realization of some of the functions of the system, IoT control boards have been designed, manufactured, tested and implemented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Universities have auditoriums, or amphitheaters, sometimes very large to accommodate many students. They hold numerous lectures and conferences there. In this article we are using a smart home system to intelligently manage and control autonomously each auditorium of the campus. This solution use ESP32 NodeMCU to acquire with sensors several environmental data such as air temperature and humidity, CO2 level, light intensity, window closing, PIR sensors, and images with camera. Other ESP32 NodeMCU control ambient conditions by operating of air extractors and ventilation. While valves remotely controlled on radiators are directly connected on Raspberry Pi in Zwave. AI-Think are uses to film auditorium. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper shows an experimental application case to convert a part of the grid formed by renewable generation sources, storage systems, and loads into a smart microgrid. This transformation will achieve greater efficiency and autonomy in its management. If we add to this the analysis of all the data that has been recorded and the correct management of the energy produced and stored, we can achieve a reduction in the electricity consumption of the distribution grid and, with this, a reduction in the associated bill. To achieve this transformation in the grid, we must provide it with intelligence. To achieve this, a four steps procedure are proposed: identification and description of the elements, integration of the elements in the same data network, establishing communication between the elements and the control system, creating an interface that allows control of the entire network. The microgrid of CEDER-CIEMAT (Renewable Energy Centre in Soria, Spain) is presented as a real case study. This centre is made up of various sources of generation, storage, and consumption. All the elements that make up the microgrid are incorporated into free software, Home Assistant, allowing real-time control and monitoring of all of them thanks to the intelligence that has been provided to the grid. The novelty of this paper is that it describes a procedure that is not reported in the current literature and that, being developed with Home Assistant, is free and allows the control and management of a microgrid from any device (mobile, PC) and from any place, even though not on the same data network as the microgrid. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper shows an experimental application case to convert a part of the grid formed by renewable generation sources, storage systems, and loads into a smart microgrid. This transformation will achieve greater efficiency and autonomy in its management. If we add to this the analysis of all the data that has been recorded and the correct management of the energy produced and stored, we can achieve a reduction in the electricity consumption of the distribution grid and, with this, a reduction in the associated bill. To achieve this transformation in the grid, we must provide it with intelligence. To achieve this, a four steps procedure are proposed: identification and description of the elements, integration of the elements in the same data network, establishing communication between the elements and the control system, creating an interface that allows control of the entire network. The microgrid of CEDER-CIEMAT (Renewable Energy Centre in Soria, Spain) is presented as a real case study. This centre is made up of various sources of generation, storage, and consumption. All the elements that make up the microgrid are incorporated into free software, Home Assistant, allowing real-time control and monitoring of all of them thanks to the intelligence that has been provided to the grid. The novelty of this paper is that it describes a procedure that is not reported in the current literature and that, being developed with Home Assistant, is free and allows the control and management of a microgrid from any device (mobile, PC) and from any place, even though not on the same data network as the microgrid.

Mass production, such as white goods manufacturing, is traditionally bound to hierarchical factory-floor procedures and accepts only gradual changes in technology and product architecture. This paper introduces an idea on how to upgrade from classical to network-connected reconfigurable devices. A generic multi-agent architecture was created, derived from belief-desire-and-intention (BDI) agents. It covers all types of white goods in the form of rational home assistant, and enables reconfiguration of agent-based household appliances during the design, production and implementation phases. The introduced concept involves a multi-agent architecture which utilizes distributed processing power at different levels: higher-level agents run on more powerful devices than embedded appliance's controllers, personal assistant (PDAs), or Windows or Linux based personal computers (PCs). PDAs can run a single agent, for example a GUI agent, whereas the embedded controllers execute lower-level device (embedded) agents. In this way, all the appliance's basic functionality, such as its hardware units (e.g., electrical motors, valves, heaters, etc.), are initially simulated by auxiliary agents running together with higher-level agents on a PC or PDA. Using this simulator in the design phase, all vital functions and capabilities of the agent-based appliance under development are thoroughly tested first. Afterwards, the agents that simulate the device's hardware units and environment are simply replaced by the communication to the corresponding device units. In such way, any new functionality or device's behaviour can be upgraded any time just by adapting the core of the multi-agent architecture on the PC and individual agents on the PDA or the embedded agents in appliances. A thorough design and implementation cycle of the proposed solution using two freeware development tools is also described, i.e., the Prometheus agent design methodology and the agent simulation/execution environment called Jadex. The approach is exemplified by building a simulator of an agent-based household appliance, namely a Multi-agent Washing Assistant as a special instance of rational home assistant. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]