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Copyright of Management international / International Management / Gestiòn Internacional is the property of Management International and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In this paper we discuss object memory heap verification algorithms of the Java virtual machine and developed and implemented a proprietary object memory verification algorithm. This verification algorithm iterates over all heap objects, after which it applies two stages of checking references to other objects in the object memory of the virtual machine with special verification functions. At the first stage, it is checked that the reference to references to the memory area allocated by some allocator (a special component of the virtual machine that allocates memory for its various structures). At the second stage, knowing to which memory area allocated by some allocator the checked reference belongs, it is determined directly by the correct given reference. These stages of the verifier can be applied before and after the garbage collector by the options given when starting the virtual machine. This algorithm allows us to check that the garbage collector and other virtual machine components that interact with the object heap are working correctly with virtual memory. The developed tool is already used by the company's developers to debug run-time errors and identify shortcomings in working with objects in the program source code. To check the correctness of verification, a set of unit tests was implemented that covers many situations of working with the memory of a virtual machine, both correct and deliberately erroneous. This verifier can be improved to increase the speed of the virtual machine and reduce the impact on its operation.

This work intends to provide lines of thought in order to feed the work on the iconographic construction of collective mobilizations. More specifically, it will retrace the plurality of uses of images during the strike of Lyon’s garbage collectors in April 2019 supported by the Union Syndicale Solidaires (USS). This tool for representing the conflict is invested by the strikers and by the supporters, thus making social networks a space for mobilization in itself. The image produced becomes an essential media counterpoint to make the strikers’ demands visible. In the same way, the image will move to the courts when the employer takes the dispute to court and will support the arguments on either side of the parties. Finally, the activists take ownership of the images shot during the mobilization to make a documentary and training materials with the aim of developing the trade unionism carried by the USS activists.

Solid waste production grows annually, reaching 2.2 billion tons per year in 2025. While in some developed countries more than 60% of the waste is sent to landfills, in developing countries the destination is still observed from waste to landfills or open burning, while concern about recycling remains without consolidated government actions or other mitigating actions. In countries such as Brazil, Colombia and Mexico, recycling is carried out by recyclers or urban recyclers, informal workers who take up this activity due to unemployment and poverty in these regions. Due to the problems involved in the entire collection and recycling process, it is essential to use technologies that favor the professional practice of collectors of recyclable materials, combining popular knowledge with scientific technical knowledge, social organization and society participation, of better health and occupational conditions for this range of society. Thus, a systematic review is proposed to identify the use of technologies that contribute to the improvement of the health and safety conditions of solid waste handlers after their conventional disposal. So, following the preferential reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analysis protocols (PRISMA-P), this systematic review protocol was developed with the objective of presenting suitable guidelines for the development of a research that can provide results to meet the goal sought. Five databases will be accessed (SCOPUS, PubMed, Science Direct, EBSCOhost and Web of Science) and a total of 9 keyword combinations will be used.

Copyright of Interface - Comunicação, Saúde, Educação is the property of Fundacao UNI and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Background: The present study was aimed to investigate the lung functions and health-related quality of life (HRQoL) of garbage collection workers of the urban cities in India. Study Setting: Urban city in India. Materials and Methods: The cross-sectional study encompassed 110 participants, 55 garbage collection workers in a garbage depot in the urban city of India and 55 age-matched control group volunteering to participate in the study. Assessment of the lung function was done by using computerized spirometry and HRQoL with the World Health Organization Quality of Life-BREF (WHOQOL-BREF) questionnaire. Statistical Analysis: Various statistical measures such as mean, standard deviations (SD), test of significance were utilized to analyze the data. Parametric data were analyzed by unpaired t-test and nonparametric data by Mann-Whitney U test. Results: A statistically significant difference was seen in the lung functions and quality of life in garbage collection workers except for the psychological component of WHOQoL-BREF questionnaire. Conclusion: The study concludes that there is a greater impairment in the lung functions of garbage collection workers as compared to that of normal individuals. Moreover, the quality of life is lower in garbage workers than that of normal individuals considering the physical, social, and environmental aspects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we consider how dignity is discursively constructed in the context of work dominated by physicality and dirt. Based on semi-structured interviews with garbage workers, our analysis considers how the deprivations they experience are cast through discourses intended to construct their individual and collective worth. We consider the manner in which dignity maybe denied to such workers through popular repudiations of individuality and status. We demonstrate how this positioning arises from contact with physical dirt, and associations with socially dirty work based on ascriptions of servility, abuse and ambivalence. We go on to consider how garbage workers respond to this positioning through discourses of 'everyday heroism'. Heroism is evoked through three inter-related narratives that speaks to a particular type of masculinity. The first takes the form of a classic process of reframing and recalibration through which workers not only renegotiate their public position and status, but also point to the inherent value to be had in working with dirt as part of that which we identify as a process of 'affirmation'. The second narrative arises from the imposition of favourable social and occupational comparisons that effectively elevate garbage collectors' social position. The third discourse—and previously unobserved in respect of garbage work—centres on paternalistic practices of care. Combined, these discourses disrupt the generally held view that dirty work is antithetical to heroism and wounds dignity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Psicologia. Organizacoes e Trabalho is the property of Sociedade Brasileira de Psicologia Organizacional e do Trabalho and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Caderno CRH is the property of Universidade Federal da Bahia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Garbage collectors areoccupationally exposed to a variety of airborne contaminants. The mainobjective of this study was to evaluate the respiratory health of garbagecollectors. This study was carried out in Fars Province, south of Iran. A groupof 105 garbage collectors and 93 referent subjects were investigated. Astandard questionnaire was administered to both groups. Furthermore, subjectsunderwent Pulmonary Function Tests. The data revealed that a few symptoms ofrespiratory disease were significantly more prevalent among garbage collectors.Likewise, significant decrements were observed in some parameters of pulmonaryfunction such as FEV1and FEV1/FVC ratio among garbage collectors. Theventilatory disorder found in spirometry of garbage collectors was consistentwith that of obstructive pulmonary disease. Our findings indicate that theprevalence of respiratory symptoms as well as impaired lung functionalcapacities were more common among garbage collectors than in their controlcounterparts. This is likely to be attributed to the occupational exposure ofthis group to workplace contaminants, particularly, bioaerosols.

Background: Street sweepers and garbage collectors play an important role in maintaining health and hygiene in the communities. However, they usually work at risky environments that expose them to various morbid conditions. Objective: In this study, we aimed at evaluating awareness and attitudes of Egyptian street sweepers and garbage collectors regarding the occupational risks they are exposed to and its preventive measures. Methods: In a descriptive study, 70 randomly-selected street sweepers and garbage collectors from Beni-Suef city, Egypt were randomly selected and approached through direct interviews with a semi-tailored questionnaire. Results: The results indicated that street sweepers and garbage collectors were aware of occupational health hazards and diseases, to which they are exposed and may encounter at work. Nevertheless, during the past 12 months, 41.4% of them experienced a job-related health problem. They sweep streets and collect garbage directly with unprotected hands and without using any personal protective equipment. Additionally, their attitudes towards taking preventive measures while working did not match their knowledge about their job-related health hazards. Conclusion: Street sweepers and garbage collectors should be treated as a vulnerable group that requires pre-placement and in-service orientations, health education, vaccinations, medical check-ups, with close monitoring of their attitudes and practice.

Garbage collectors are occupationally exposed to a variety of airborne contaminants. The main objective of this study was to evaluate the respiratory health of garbage collectors. This study was carried out in Fars Province, south of Iran. A group of 105 garbage collectors and 93 referent subjects were investigated. A standard questionnaire was administered to both groups. Furthermore, subjects underwent Pulmonary Function Tests. The data revealed that a few symptoms of respiratory disease were significantly more prevalent among garbage collectors. Likewise, significant decrements were observed in some parameters of pulmonary function such as FEV1and FEV1/FVC ratio among garbage collectors. The ventilatory disorder found in spirometry of garbage collectors was consistent with that of obstructive pulmonary disease. Our findings indicate that the prevalence of respiratory symptoms as well as impaired lung functional capacities were more common among garbage collectors than in their control counterparts. This is likely to be attributed to the occupational exposure of this group to workplace contaminants, particularly, bioaerosols.

Copyright of InterfacEHS is the property of Revista InterfacEHS and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The health of those who need to be in contact with the solid waste undergoes a strong impact. The garbage collectors, street sweepers and professionals in the environmental sanitation has been the subject of research regarding exposure to waste. Thus, this paper seeks to review some of the studies reported in the literature that relate to health workers with exposure to waste. Moreover, we characterizes the situation of the country about the disposal of waste and separate collection service [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Comunicação Midiática is the property of Universidade Estadual Paulista, Faculdade de Arquitetura, Artes e Comunicacao and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Garbage collectors are occupationally exposed to a variety of airborne contaminants. The main objective of this study was to evaluate the respiratory health of garbage collectors. This study was carried out in Fars Province, south of Iran. A group of 105 garbage collectors and 93 referent subjects were investigated. A standard questionnaire was administered to both groups. Furthermore, subjects underwent Pulmonary Function Tests. The data revealed that a few symptoms of respiratory disease were significantly more prevalent among garbage collectors. Likewise, significant decrements were observed in some parameters of pulmonary function such as FEV1and FEV1/FVC ratio among garbage collectors. The ventilatory disorder found in spirometry of garbage collectors was consistent with that of obstructive pulmonary disease. Our findings indicate that the prevalence of respiratory symptoms as well as impaired lung functional capacities were more common among garbage collectors than in their control counterparts. This is likely to be attributed to the occupational exposure of this group to workplace contaminants, particularly, bioaerosols. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Garbage disposal is still a major social-environmental problem in Brazil. Waste Disposal Units are the working conditions of a ever increasing and not controlled, not even recognized, portion of the population. The recyclable material collectors are today the object of numerous public policies for social inclusion, but that does not have the proper reach, especially in small towns. This study aimed to identify the profile and working conditions of Waste Disposal Units gatherers in the city of Ipameri (GO), revealing that the situation is not different of that found in other Brazilian cities. The recognition of the problem by the public authority might be delayed when compared to large cities where the problem is more apparent. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Ciência & Saúde Coletiva is the property of Associacao Brasileira de Pos-Graduacao em Saude Coletiva and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The article focuses on a study done in order to determine the physiological workload on garbage collectors (GC) in Japan. It mentions that 10 male workers of garbage industry participated in this study. The study found that several cases in which the physiological Workload of GC in the humid summertime in Japan exceeded the permissible limits.

Copyright of Environmental & Social Management Journal / Revista de Gestão Social e Ambiental is the property of Environmental & Social Management Journal and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Ciência & Saúde Coletiva is the property of Associacao Brasileira de Pos-Graduacao em Saude Coletiva and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Abstract: The paper investigates recently launched plans to privatize solid-waste management in Cairo, focusing on its adverse effects on the sustainability of the associated recycling economy and urban settlement system of the garbage collectors communities (Zabaleen) located within the Muqattam mountain area which is adjacent to Cairo''s old historical quarters. According to official development strategy, the privatization of solid-waste services is regarded as fundamental to overall government plans for Old Cairo''s rehabilitation. The objectives of the rehabilitation programme tend to favour tourist-orientated projects, whilst ignoring the local population''s interests through the removal of informal Zabaleen settlements in Muqattam mountain, and through the clearing of the Eastern Cemetery of its tomb dwellers and shanty town buildings. The study examines the consequences of recent official intervention in the sustainability of the Muqattam Zabaleen settlement in terms of physical and demographic growth, infrastructural development, and changes in land tenure system. The paper takes into consideration early 1980s programmes funded by the World Bank to improve the Zabaleens’ environment and to upgrade their settlement. These aimed to maintain the existing informal settlement pattern and to develop urban service delivery systems. The empirical study adopts a qualitative analysis employing ethnographic techniques of informal discussions with secondary stakeholder agencies (local municipality, planners, NGOs activists). A field survey of the primary stakeholder group (garbage collectors) involved in-depth interviews with householders and with community leaders in the Zabaleen settlement. The analysis explores narratives expressed by members of the Zabaleen community in response to the threat of enforced eviction resulting from potential state-controlled gentrification programmes for urban development and land speculation in the area. The findings emphasize the significance of local participatory mechanisms in restructuring solid-waste collection and in developing the recycling industry whilst putting vacant and under-used areas into productive use. These mechanisms would support the management of built environment and local resources and would build local capacity through developing new channels for co-operation and partnership between the garbage collectors’ association (Gamm’yya) and grass roots organizations together with the local authorities and multi-national companies. In order to promote sustainable livelihoods and better opportunities for the urban poor the study concludes that there is a need to draw on the sustainable flow of local resources within low-income garbage collectors groups, whilst seeking new means of supporting land acquisition and its development for improved housing standards, basic services and environmental quality. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

We specify an incremental garbage collection algorithm and give a formal proof of its correctness carried out using the proof assistant Coq. The algorithm is represented as an infinite transition system and we establish safety and liveness properties. This work relies on the axiomatization of Linear Temporal Logic in the Calculus of Inductive Constructions, described in a companion paper in this Journal and based on a co-inductive representation of program executions. Although motivated by integrating the dynamic memory management to the Java Card platform, this study applies more generally to real-time embedded systems and to devices with virtually infinite memory. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Os autores estudaram o tipo de serviço executado por 36 coletores de lixo, de uma cidade do interior do Estado de são Paulo, observando o elevado índice de ausências ao trabalho por problemas decorrentes de acidentes de trabalho e de saúde, principalmente. Concomitantemente constaram vários riscos ocupacionais e o desuso de equipamentos de proteção individual a eles fornecidos, o que provavelmente contribui, entre outras causas, para o número de ausências ao trabalho.

Este trabalho descreve a utilização do método de "redução" como estratégia de trabalho desenvolvida pelos coletores de lixo ("garis") de uma grande cidade e seus reflexos na organização e na carga de trabalho. O método de "redução" consiste de atividade preparatória à coleta de lixo por meio da formação de "estoques intermediários" antes do carregamento nos caminhões. O trabalho dos garis foi estudado utilizando-se a metodologia da Análise Ergonômica do Trabalho (AET), complementada por avaliações de esforço físico. Quanto à organização do trabalho, verificou-se que, ao utilizarem esta estratégia, os garis trabalham em ritmo mais cadenciado, conseguem executar melhor as tarefas de separação do lixo, como os sacos plásticos contendo vidros, podem interagir entre eles e estabelecer relações amistosas com os cidadãos sobre melhores práticas de acondicionamento do lixo. Em relação à segurança e à saúde, ao utilizarem este método, os garis ficam menos sujeitos a riscos de cortes, atropelamentos, quedas e desavenças com motoristas no trânsito, além de realizarem o trabalho com menos esforço físico. Concluiu-se que a utilização da "redução" não apenas diminui o esforço físico e a exposição a riscos de acidentes, mas também melhora a qualidade da coleta de lixo domiciliar.

O artigo aborda epidemiologicamente o perfil dos coletores de lixo seletivo e descreve as lesões musculares e acidentes de trabalho mais freqüentes. Este estudo transversal foi desenvolvido com duas empresas (denominadas como empresa A e empresa B), em Porto Alegre, selecionando-se 50 funcionários aleatoriamente (presentes e aptos nos dias das entrevistas para a pesquisa) e aos quais foi aplicado um questionário. A Média de idade da amostra foi de 34 e 22 anos para a empresa A e B, respectivamente. Cerca de 66% dos funcionários da empresa B trabalham a menos de 5 anos na companhia, ao passo que 95% dos funcionários da empresa A trabalham há mais de 5 anos. O índice de lesões entre as duas empresas é alta 90% e 46,6% para empresas A e B, respectivamente. Lesões são mais comuns nos membros inferiores, seguidas pelas lesões dos membros superiores e da coluna. Ambas as empresas apresentavam deficiência do uso de equipamentos de proteção, sendo estes praticamente ignorados pelos funcionários, embora de uso obrigatório. As avaliações médicas são realizadas esporadicamente, sem acompanhamento regular. Ambas as empresas apresentam altos índices de leões em geral, sendo as lesões de membros inferiores mais comuns. Também são altos os índices de cortes e outros pequenos ferimentos, provavelmente pelo não uso de equipamentos de proteção obrigatórios.