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A two-scale calculation method is described that makes it possible to optimize the material composition of machine components and structural elements on the basis of the requirements for their deformation-strength and tribotechnical characteristics. The proposed method provides the combined use of analytical micromechanical modelling of structurally inhomogeneous structural materials in the form of disperse-reinforced composites and numerical (finite element) analysis of the stress-strain state of a particular product. The advantage of the method is ensuring of maximum strength, stiffness and wear resistance of the product with simultaneous correction of its geometric shape and the possibility of using the resulting refined CAD model for 3D printing of components of complex shape by extruded composites of optimized composition.

The effect of hydrostatic pressure on the fracture toughness of disperse-reinforced composite materials is investigated. It is shown that increased hydrostatic pressure leads to an increase in the critical value of the stress intensity factor and, as a consequence, to an increase in the crack propagation rate. In this case, the pressure-time analogy method can be used to describe the effect of hydrostatic pressure on the characteristics of the crack resistance. This method enables us to represent the experimental data obtained in the form of a generalized dependence of the fracture toughness on the reduced loading rate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]