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Folate (FT) is a suitable targeting ligand for folate receptors (FOLR) overexpressed on inflamed cells. Thus, FT‐loaded polymers can be used as FOLRs‐targeted immunotherapy to positively modulate the inflammatory process. A novel biodegradable imprinted polymer with a FT delivery mechanism driven by pH changes [PCL‐MIP@FT] is designed with molecularly imprinted technology. The pH mechanism is validated in vitro, demonstrating that an acidic environment accelerated and increased the release of FT for a period of 7 days (∼100 µg mL−1). For the first time, FT receptors (FOLR‐1 and FOLR‐3) are discovered and also overexpressed on activated human gingival fibroblasts, representing a favorable target in the oral environment. Although FT itself does not have antimicrobial effects, the nanomechanical properties of biofilm are changed after topical FT administration. In vivo systemic toxicity of PCL‐MIP@FT has been demonstrated to be a safe biomaterial (up to 1.3 mg kg−1). When the PCL‐MIP@FT is assessed in the subcutaneous tissue, it promoted an alleviating inflammation and may be able to stimulate tissue repair. The present findings have demonstrated the reliable in vitro and in vivo anti‐inflammatory actions of FT‐loaded polymer and support its use as a novel drug‐free therapeutic platform for modulating and mitigating inflammatory responses in dental implant‐related infections. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Contemporary dentistry has increased the demand for predictable functional and esthetic results in a short period of time without compromising the long-term success of rehabilitation. Recent advances in surgical techniques have provided alternatives that allow the prosthetic rehabilitation of complex implant-supported cases through minimally invasive techniques. In this context, immediate dentoalveolar restoration (IDR) was described aiming at restoring function and esthetics through the reconstruction of lost periodontal tissues followed by immediate implant placement in order to minimize treatment time and surgical morbidity in a one-stage approach. Therefore, the aim of this clinical case is to describe the reconstruction and rehabilitation of a hopeless tooth in the maxillary region in a one-stage approach by means of IDR. The proposed steps to rehabilitate the case involved atraumatic dental extraction, immediate implant placement, and hard tissue augmentation by means of cortical-medullary bone graft harvested from the maxillary tuberosity. Afterwards, a provisional restoration was manufactured and installed to the implant allowing immediate prosthesis provisionalization and function in the same operatory time. Six months after the surgical procedure, the final prosthesis was manufactured and installed. The follow-up of nine years demonstrated the preservation of hard and soft tissue without tissue alteration and a successful esthetic outcome. The surgical protocol used allowed the ideal three-dimensional placement of the implant with the restoration of the bone buccal wall, favoring the esthetic and functional outcome of the case with harmony between white and pink esthetics. In conclusion, the employed treatment validated immediate implant-supported restoration of the missing tooth with high predictability. Furthermore, this protocol resulted in fewer surgical interventions, regeneration, and preservation of peri-implant tissues reaching the patient's expectations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this article, we analyzed the important categories capable of interfering with the determinants of scientific advancement in the type of study, considering seven leading journals over a 20-year. A bibliometric review was performed at the website of well-established implant dentistry journals in five-time points defined to represent a 20-year period of observation. The measures associated with the type of study design were: the country of origin of the article, country income, continent of the corresponding author, inter-institutional collaboration, interdisciplinary collaboration, type of funding, and topic of research. Logistic regression was used in the multiple models to identify the exploratory factors associated with the type of study. From a total of 1,944 articles, 50.6% comprised clinical studies. High-income countries and continents stood out for developing more clinical research than others. Since research funders request more collaborative research, overall clinical studies depended upon more inter-institutional collaboration than the others. Most clinical studies were partly supported by research institutes or universities and by industry. About the research topic, the majority of the clinical and animal studies disclosed surgical procedures. High-income countries and continents are more likely to develop clinical studies in the surgical procedures field. The highest collaborations in terms of the number of institutions and funding sources are more prevalent in clinical research designs. Indeed, most in vivo studies in dental implant fields are performed to evaluate new materials or even new surgical procedures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: Antibacterial dental implants and related prosthetic components could help to reduce infection and prevent peri-implantitis. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of ultraviolet (UV) light treatment of titanium on biofilm formation of human oral bacteria. Materials and Methods: Machineprepared commercially pure titanium disks were treated with UV light for 12 minutes. Human oral bacteria were seeded onto untreated and UV-treated disks. Early bacterial attachment to titanium was assessed at 12 hours. Surface topography of initial biofilms was evaluated by 3D scanning electron microscopy at 24 hours. The quantity and morphology of subsequent colony development and biofilm formation were examined by confocal laser scanning microscopy for up to 7 days. Results: Throughout the time course, significantly fewer bacterial cells attached to UV-treated titanium surfaces compared with untreated ones. While biofilm developed rapidly to a final thickness of approximately 16 µm by day 3 on untreated titanium, on UV-treated surfaces it remained below 8 µm, even at day 7. Similarly, UV treatment resulted in 70% less exopolysaccharide (EPS) volume than on untreated surfaces at day 7. This is consistent with the finding that EPS production per cell was significantly lower on UV-treated surfaces. Untreated titanium surfaces covered with biofilm were fivefold rougher than the original machined surface, while UV-treated surfaces remained twofold rougher due to significantly less biofilm formation. Conclusion: UV treatment of titanium surfaces significantly reduces attachment of human oral bacteria and subsequent biofilm formation as well as EPS production for at least 7 days. UV treatment prevented the escalation of surface colonization, mitigating an unfavorable bacteriophilic cascade and environmental trigger for biofilm formation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

It has been recognized that physical and chemical properties of biomaterial surfaces mediate the quality of extracellular matrix (ECM) that may affect cell behaviors. In nature, ECM is a heterogeneous three-dimensional superstructure formed by three major components, glycosaminoglycan, glycoconjugate, and protein, that anchors cellular compartments in tissues and regulates the function and the behavior of cells. Changes in the biointerface alter the quality of ECM and morphology through cell surface receptors, which, in turn, enable it to trigger specific cell signaling and different cellular responses. In fact, a number of strategies have been used to improve the functionality of surfaces and direct cell behavior through precisely designed environments. Herein, we aimed to discuss, through a science-based viewpoint, the biomaterial surface features on cell behavior and analyze the impact of cell physical modification on dental implant development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Industry support is a significant funding source in implant dentistry research, not only to provide regulatory processes, but also to validate and promote products through randomized clinical trials (RCTs). However, industry funding should not affect scientific outcomes. Purpose: The aim of this study was to investigate whether there is an association between industry support for RCTs in implant dentistry and a greater chance of the reporting of positive outcomes, and whether there are other funding tendencies. Materials and Methods: Randomized clinical trials from five implant dentistry journals were reviewed. Data were extracted, and descriptive and inferential statistical analyses (α = 0.05), including bivariate and multivariable logistic regression, and Spearman's correlation were performed. Results: Two hundred eleven RCTs were included. Industry‐funded and ‐unfunded studies presented similar outcomes, in terms of positive and negative results (p ≥ 0.05). North American and European countries received more industry funding, as did high‐income countries, which showed well‐established collaboration with each other. Clinical Oral Implants Research and Clinical Implant Dentistry and Related Research published 83.6% of industry‐funded articles. Industry‐funded studies from middle‐income countries established more international collaborations with high‐income countries than did unfunded studies. Citation numbers were similar for funded and unfunded studies. The chance of RCTs being industry‐funded was higher for high‐income (odds ratio [OR] = 3.00; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.99–9.32; p = 0.05) and North American articles (OR = 3.40; 95% CI, 1.37–8.42; p = 0.008) than in lower‐middle‐income and other continents, respectively. Higher industry funding was associated with specific topics such as "surgical procedures," "prosthodontics topics," and "implant macrodesign" (OR = 4.7; 95% CI, 1.45–15.20; p = 0.010) and with the increase in numbers of institutions (OR = 1.52; 95% CI, 1.16–2.0; p = 0.002). Conclusion: The available evidence suggests no association between industry funding and greater chances of the reporting of positive outcomes in implant dentistry RCTs. A strong association was identified in industry trends concerning geographic origins, higher numbers of institutions, and specific research topics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Rehabilitation of atrophic maxilla with dental implants is still a challenge in clinical practice especially in cases of alveolar bone resorption due to peri-implantitis and pneumatization of the maxillary sinuses. Several surgical approaches have been employed to reconstruct the lost tissues allowing the proper tridimensional position of the implants. In this context, the aim of this case report is to describe a surgical and prosthetic approach to fully rehabilitate the atrophic maxilla with dental implants. The patient presented with unsatisfactory functional and esthetical implant-supported prosthesis with some of the implants already lost by peri-implantitis. The remaining three implants were also affected by peri-implantitis. Reversal prosthetic planning was performed, and a provisional prosthesis was fabricated and anchored in two short implants. Sinus floor augmentation procedure and onlay bone graft were then accomplished. After a healing period of 8 months, digital-guided surgery approach was performed to place the implants. Finally, a definitive prosthesis was installed. One-year follow-up has revealed stabilization of the bone tissue level, successful osseointegration, and a pleasant esthetic and functional result. A proper diagnosis and careful planning play an important role to enhance precision and to achieve patient esthetic and functional outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

For the long-term success of implants, it is necessary to achieve a direct contact between the implant and the subjacent bone. To avoid bacterial penetration that could adversely affect the initial wound healing as well as the long-term behavior of the implants, an early tissue barrier must form that is able to protect the biological peri-implant structures. Given the need of an effective tissue early barrier around dental implants, the present study evaluated, in vitro, the influence of physical and chemical characteristics of two implant abutment surfaces on gingival epithelial cells (OBA-9) adhesion. To this end, titanium (Ti) and zirconia (ZrO2) disk-shaped specimens were used mimicking the abutment components surfaces, while bovine enamel (BE) and glass cover slips (GCS) disks served as positive and negative controls, respectively. Roughness and surface free energy (SFE) of all materials were evaluated previously to cellular adhesion step. In sequence, the effect of each material on cells morphology and viability was analyzed after 1 and 24 hr. The results showed that roughness and SFE had no effect on the cell viability data or on their interaction ( p = .559), independent of a post-contact analysis of 1 or 24 hr. However, cells attachment and spreading increased after 24 hr on Ti and ZrO2 than BE, corresponding to the highest SFE values. SFE appears to be an important property interfering on the quality of the soft tissue surrounding dental implants. These data can be considered a trigger point for developing new material surfaces. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Universidade Estadual Paulista. Revista de Odontologia is the property of Universidade Estadual Paulista. Revista de Odontologia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Universidade Estadual Paulista. Revista de Odontologia is the property of Universidade Estadual Paulista. Revista de Odontologia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Universidade Estadual Paulista. Revista de Odontologia is the property of Universidade Estadual Paulista. Revista de Odontologia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Surface attachment is the first step in biofilm formation, and the ability of bacteria to adhere to surfaces and develop a biofilm is directly influenced by electrostatic interactions between the bacteria and the chemical composition of material surfaces. Here, we investigated the influence of physical and chemical characteristics of titanium (Ti) and zirconia (ZrO2) as implant abutment surfaces on the bacterial adhesion phase and compared the results to bovine enamel (BE) simulating a human tooth. To achieve this goal, we used 2 common pathogens of the oral cavity, Streptococcus mutans UA140 and Porphyromonas gingivalis 33277. To investigate the influence of material surfaces on bacterial adhesion, we studied the surface free energy as well as the topography by atomic force microscopy, and the chemical elements composition by scanning electron microscopy equipped with an energy dispersive X-ray spectroscope. Our results indicated a hydrophobic characteristic for all of the materials; however, the presence of polar and nonpolar components could aid in understanding why greater numbers of bacteria had adhered to BE compared to the other surfaces. Our confocal microscopy data support the proposition that electrostatic interactions, indeed, affected the initial adhesion phase. Within the limitations of a laboratory study, the results revealed bacterial adhered on BE and no bacteria could be observed by confocal images on Ti and ZrO2 implant abutment surfaces. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this clinical report is to describe the complex treatment of an adult Class 111 malocclusion patient who was disappointed with the outcome of a previous oral rehabilitation. Interdisciplinary treatment planning was performed with a primary indication for implant removal because of marginal bone loss and gingival recession, followed by orthodontic and surgical procedures to correct the esthetics and skeletal malocclusion. The comprehensive treatment approach included: (1) implant removal in the area of the central incisors; (2) combined orthodontic decompensation with mesial displacement and forced extrusion of the lateral incisofs; (3) extraction of the lateral incisors and placement of new implants corresponding to the central incisors, which received provisional crowns; (4) orthognathic surgery for maxillary advancement to improve occlusal and facial relationships; and finally, (5) orthodontic refinement followed by definitive prosthetic rehabilitation of the maxillary central incisors and reshaping of the adjacent teeth. At the three-year follow-up, clinical and radiographic examinations showed successful replacement of the central incisors and improved skeletal and esthetic appearances. Moreover, a Class 11 molar relationship was obtained with an ideal overbite, overjet, and intercuspation. In conclusion, we report the successful esthetic anterior rehabilitation of a complex case in which interdisciplinary treatment planning improved facial harmony, provided gingival architecture with sufficient width and thickness, and improved smile esthetics, resulting in enhanced patient comfort and satisfaction. This clinical case report might be useful to improve facial esthetics and occlusion in patients with dentoalveolar and skeletal defects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Bacterial biofilm infections remain prevalent reasons for implant failure. Dental implant placement occurs in the oral environment, which harbors a plethora of biofilm-forming bacteria. Due to its trans-mucosal placement, part of the implant structure is exposed to oral cavity and there is no effective measure to prevent bacterial attachment to implant materials. Here, we demonstrated that UV treatment of titanium immediately prior to use (photofunctionalization) affects the ability of human polymicrobial oral biofilm communities to colonize in the presence of salivary and blood components. UV-treatment of machined titanium transformed the surface from hydrophobic to superhydrophilic. UV-treated surfaces exhibited a significant reduction in bacterial attachment as well as subsequent biofilm formation compared to untreated ones, even though overall bacterial viability was not affected. The function of reducing bacterial colonization was maintained on UV-treated titanium that had been stored in a liquid environment before use. Denaturing gradient gel-electrophoresis (DGGE) and DNA sequencing analyses revealed that while bacterial community profiles appeared different between UV-treated and untreated titanium in the initial attachment phase, this difference vanished as biofilm formation progressed. Our findings confirm that UV-photofunctionalization of titanium has a strong potential to improve outcome of implant placement by creating and maintaining antimicrobial surfaces. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses the study on the effect of the association between the impression and tray techniques on angulated dental implants using the all-on-four system. The study involves metallic aluminum matrices made from designs developed in AutoCAD with four perforations. The four approaches include fujirock plaster, durone plaster and impression with metallic tray, as well as impression technique with squared, nonsplinted copings.

Because there is no consensus in the literature about the need for a splint between copings, the aim of this study was to evaluate, in vitro, the accuracy of 2 impression techniques for implant-supported prostheses. A master cast was fabricated with four parallel implant abutment analogs and a passive framework. Two groups with 5 casts each were formed: Group 1 (squared impression copings with no splint: S) and Group 2 (splinted squared impression copings, using metal drill burs and Pattern resin: SS). The impression material used was polyvinyl siloxane with open trays for standard preparation of the casts. For each cast, the framework was positioned, and a titanium screw was tightened with 10 N cm torque in analog A, after which measurements of the abutment-framework interface gaps were performed at analogs C and D. This process was repeated for analog D. These measurements were analyzed using software. A one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) with a confidence interval of 95% was used to analyze the data. Significant differences were detected between S and SS in relation to the master cast (P ⩽ 0.05). The median values of the abutment-framework interface gaps were as follows: master cast: 39.64 pm; squared impression copings with no splint: 205.86 pm; splinted squared impression copings: 99.19 pm. Under the limitations of this study, the technique presented for Group 2 produces better results compared with the technique used for Group 1. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this review was to investigate the relationship between biofilm and peri-implant disease, with an emphasis on the types of implant abutment surfaces. Individuals with periodontal disease typically have a large amount of pathogenic microorganisms in the periodontal pocket. If the individuals lose their teeth, these microorganisms remain viable inside the mouth and can directly influence peri-implant microbiota. Metal implants offer a suitable solution, but similarly, these remaining bacteria can adhere on abutment implant surfaces, induce peri-implantitis causing potential destruction of the alveolar bone near to the implant threads and cause the subsequent loss of the implant. Studies have demonstrated differences in biofilm formation on dental materials and these variations can be associated with both physical and chemical characteristics of the surfaces. In the case of partially edentulous patients affected by periodontal disease, the ideal type of implant abutments utilized should be one that adheres the least or negligible amounts of periodontopathogenic bacteria. Therefore, it is of clinically relevance to know how the bacteria behave on different types of surfaces in order to develop new materials and/or new types of treatment surfaces, which will reduce or inhibit adhesion of pathogenic microorganisms, and, thus, restrict the use of the abutments with indication propensity for bacterial adhesion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Treatment of severe compromised tooth in the maxillary anterior area still poses great challenge to the clinicians. Several treatment modalities have been proposed to restore the function and aesthetics in teeth with advanced periodontal disease. The present study aims to report a case of traumatic injury of a left-maxillary central incisor with ridge preservation, orthodontic movement, and implant therapy. A 45-year-old woman underwent the proposed treatment for her left central incisor: basic periodontal therapy, xenogenous bone graft, and guided bone regeneration (GBR). Six months after the graft procedure, orthodontic movement by means of alignment and leveling was made and a coronal displacement of the gingival margin and vertical bone apposition could be observed after 13 months of active movement. Afterwards, a dental implant was placed followed by a connective tissue graft and immediate provisionalization of the crown. In conclusion, orthodontic movement was effective to improve the gingival tissue and alveolar bone prior to implant placement favoring the aesthetic results. Six years postoperatively, the results revealed height and width alveolar bone gain indicating that the treatment proposed was able to restore all the functional and aesthetic parameters. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of the current review was to investigate the implications of the surface and bulk properties of abutment implants and their degradation in relation to periodontal health. The success of dental implants is no longer a challenge for dentistry. The scientific literature presents several types of implants that are specific for each case. However, in cases of prosthetics components, such as abutments, further research is needed to improve the materials used to avoid bacterial adhesion and enhance contact with epithelial cells. The implanted surfaces of the abutments are composed of chemical elements that may degrade under different temperatures or be damaged by the forces applied onto them. This study showed that the resulting release of such chemical elements could cause inflammation in the periodontal tissue. At the same time, the surface characteristics can be altered, thus favoring biofilm development and further increasing the inflammation. Finally, if not treated, this inflammation can cause the loss of the implant. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Objectives: This in vitro study compared the dimensional accuracy of stone index (I) and three impression techniques: tapered impression copings (T), squared impression copings (S) and modified squared impression copings (MS) for implant-supported prostheses. Methods: A master cast, with four parallel implant abutment analogs and a passive framework, were fabricated. Vinyl polysiloxane impression material was used for all impressions with two metal stock trays (open and closed tray). Four groups (I, T, S and MS) were tested (n =5). A metallic framework was seated on each of the casts, one abutment screw was tightened, and the gap between the analog of implant and the framework was measured with a stereomicroscope. The groups’ measurements (80 gap values) were analyzed using software (LeicaQWin – Leica Imaging Systems Ltd.) that received the images of a video camera coupled to a Leica stereomicroscope at 100× magnification. The results were statistically analyzed with Kruskal–Wallis One Way ANOVA on Ranks test followed by Dunn's Method, 0.05. Results: The mean values of abutment/framework interface gaps were: Master Cast=32μm (SD 2); Group I=45μm (SD 3); Group T=78μm (SD 25); Group S=134μm (SD 30); Group MS=143μm (SD 27). No significant difference was detected among Index and Master Cast (P =.05). Conclusion: Under the limitations of this study, it could be suggested that a more accurate working cast is possible using tapered impression copings techniques and stone index. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Objective In this study, the presence of the prtC and fimA genes involved in the pathogenicity of oral Porphyromonas spp. isolated from dogs with periodontitis and healthy, as well as their genetic diversity was investigated. Design Thirty-two Beagle dogs, 24 with periodontitis and 8 healthy were evaluated. Subgingival samples from only one gingival site of both groups were collected. Bacteria grown in anaerobiosis were identified by RAPID ID 32A kits. From each strain the respective DNA was obtained and used to genotyping by conventional PCR and AP-PCR. Results Dogs with periodontitis harbored 28 P. gulae , 2 P. creviocaricanis , 1 P. cangingivalis and 7 P. macacae ; and from healthy dogs, 11 P. gulae and 5 P. circumdentaria . In P. gulae isolated from periodontal dogs the gene prtC was observed in 19 (67.85%) and in 7 (63.63%) from healthy dogs. P. gulae strains from periodontal dogs harbored either the gene fimA I or fimA II; while strains from healthy dogs harbored the gene fimA I, fimA II, fimA III or fimA IV, as well as 1 P. circumdentaria the gene fimA II. By AP-PCR strains were grouped in different clusters suggesting heterogeneity of these microorganisms. Conclusions The results presented herein inform that Porphyromonas spp. isolated from dogs with and without periodontitis harbored the prtC and fimA genes and it could be a role in the establishment of the infectious process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]