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Background: When the diaphragm moves from its level throughout complete expiration to its level during full inhalation, this movement is referred to as diaphragmatic excursion for short. An evaluation of the value of the diaphragmatic excursion time index & the diaphragmatic rapid shallow breathing index, both of which were evaluated using ultrasonography, in order to forecast the likelihood of successful weaning from mechanical ventilation & extubation. Methods: For the purpose of predicting the probability of effective weaning from mechanical ventilation & extubation, an assessment of the value of the diaphragmatic excursion time index and the diaphragmatic fast shallow breathing index was performed. Both of these indices were analysed using ultrasonography. Results: 99 cases were enrolled in this study, there was not a statistically significant distinction amongst the three categories that were investigatedas regards Ventilator hours till SBT p= 0.577. DETI and DRSBI at 30 minutes were more significant predictors of successful weaning than at the beginning of the SBT. Regarding DETI at 30 min, AUC was 0.965, Cutoff value was 1.3, Sensitivity was 99%and Specificity was 88.2%, while DRSBI at 30 min, AUC was 0.895, Cutoff value was 1.07, Sensitivity was 97.2% & Specificity was 86.5%. Conclusion: When it comes to predicting the result of weaning, comparatively, the diagnostic accuracy of the DETI and DRSBI were better than that of the standard RSBI in supporting clinical decision-making regarding the release of patients from mechanical ventilation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Aim: Mental health disorders in children have recently been drawing an increasing amount of attention, also in connection with the full capacities of psychiatric outpatient clinics for children and adolescents, as well as addiction outpatient clinics and children's psychiatric clinics. In line with assumptions that the mental state of children deteriorates, a retrospective study was conducted to evaluate the situation from 2016 to 2022. The aim of the research was to evaluate the state of mental health of child clients of the addiction clinic with a focus on the identification of risk factors influencing the occurrence of dissociation disorders in monitored children in connection with addictive behaviour and development in the years 2016–2022. Methods: During the period from 2016 to 2022, in cooperation with parents and child psychiatrists, anamnestic data were obtained annually from 30 selected clients of the addiction clinic for children and adolescents. Respondents included in the study were selected by random sampling from all clinic clients in a given year. For the entire monitored period, there were 210 respondents. The collected data were statistically processed and evaluated. A linear regression model was used for trend testing, and logistic regression was employed for the multivariate analysis of factors influencing the occurrence of dissociative disorder and Internet Addiction Disorder (IAD) in children. The odds ratio (OR) was used as an indicator of the association between categorical variables. The significance level was set at 0.05. Results: Children who were diagnosed with a psychiatric illness in childhood and the psychiatric burden of the parents' anamnesis show a significant risk coefficient for the occurrence of dissociative disorder. Children with a risk factor of psychiatric history had a 6.3-fold increased risk of developing a dissociative disorder compared to children without a psychiatric history. The most statistically significant factor associated with the risk of IAD is the use of illegal addictive substances. Children who used illegal addictive substances, including problematic use of psychopharmaceuticals, IAD compared to children who did not use illegal addictive substances. A significant increase in risk also occurs in boys, children with childhood trauma, behavioural disorders, and ADHD (attention deficit hyperactivity disorder). Conclusion: The change can be contributed to by the close cooperation of experts from the fields of child psychiatry, psychology, addictology, and psychotherapy, but especially by cooperation with parents as part of family therapy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Many common drugs have not been registered for use in children. Therefore, they are sometimes prescribed as unlicensed or off-label. This study, performed at the Department of Paediatrics, University Hospital Olomouc, Czech Republic, evaluated off-label and unlicensed prescriptions. A similar study, conducted in 2013 by the same authors (P. Matalová – maiden name P. Langerová), showed that the number of off-label and unlicensed prescriptions was relatively low, compared to other studies. The goal of this study was to compare the frequency of off-label and unlicensed drug prescriptions, and to assess whether these prescriptions have declined. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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The article provides a brief overview of the activities of Jaroslav Kallab (1878-1942), a professor at the Faculty of Law of Masaryk University in Brno and an important figure in the field of youth care in interwar Czechoslovakia. In view of the fact that Kallab's non-professional legal activities are far from being forgotten, the first part of the article provides a brief overview of Kallab's life and legal work. Throughout his life, work in youth care was a "second shift" for Kallab, alongside his main professional activity - first as a judge, later as an extraordinary professor of criminal law at the Czech Law Faculty in Prague, and from 1919 as a professor at the newly established law faculty of Masaryk University in Brno. Kallab had already become a member of the Czech Provincial Commission for the Care of Youth before the First World War, and from 1919 onwards he made a significant contribution to the work of a similar organisation in Moravia, and in 1930 he became a chairman of the association of such organisations in Czechoslovakia. The main axis of Kallab's activity in this area was an eff ort to gradually consolidate the inconsistent and haphazard activities of a number of associations and the activities of the state and local government into a meaningful system. The instrument for this was supposed to be a public plan that would help to formulate local needs and provide the resources to finance them. Kallab also emphasized the importance of grassroots civic activity. He and his colleagues developed an experimental form of a public plan for the country of Moravia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Chronic Recurrent Multifocal Osteomyelitis is a rare autoinflammatory disease in children and adolescents. The path to diagnosis is difficult and lengthy, due to factors such as its rarity, nonspecific clinically symptoms (most commonly as joint pain and swelling), and mainly because there is no existing consensus on diagnostic criteria. Therefore, this diagnosis is made by exclusion. In the diagnostic process, MR, especially whole-body MR imaging plays an irreplaceable role, as it determines the extent of the disease, tracks its activity, complications, and response to treatment on follow-up imaging. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hypophosphatasia (HPP) is a disease characterized by predominant skeletal involvement and multiple systemic manifestations due to reduced activity of tissue-non-specific alkaline phosphatase (ALP) in the serum. The incidence of severe forms of HPP in European populations is estimated at 1:300 000, with the frequency of milder forms being significantly more common, around 1:6300. HPP is one of the clinically heterogeneous diseases, leading symptoms typically vary by age at manifestation. The most severe, life-threatening forms are the neonatal and infantile forms. HPP can also manifest later in life, most commonly causing skeletal deformities, poorly healing fractures or arthropathy. Until 2015, treatment of these patients was symptomatic. The situation has changed with the development and availability of recombinant ALP (asfotase alfa), the indication for which is HPP, in which the first symptoms of the disease appeared before the age of 18 years, in order to treat the bone manifestations of the disease. This review summarizes the current knowledge on the diagnosis, therapy and prognosis of this disease and illustrates the most commonly used differential diagnostic procedures when assessing low ALP or clinical symptoms suspicious for HPP. Early diagnosis represents the most important preventive tool against the development of HPP complications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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This article focuses on the impact of social media on mental health of children and adolescents. The use of social media has become an integral part of our lives and can have a significant impact on our mental well-being. The article reviews a number of studies and meta-analyses that examine the positive and negative mechanisms of social media on children and adolescents' mental health. Findings suggest that social media use may be associated with negative effects such as depression, anxiety and reduced life satisfaction in selected populations. However, some studies also show that social media can also have a positive impact on mental health. The article also discusses cultural and gender differences in the effects of social media on mental health. Limitations of existing studies are also highlighted and possible directions for further research are suggested. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Copyright of Czech & Slovak Social Work / Sociální Práce / Sociálna Práca is the property of Czech & Slovak Social Work and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

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Text se zabývá permakulturou a využitím jejího konceptu, obsahu a principů v oblasti výchovy a vzdělávání dětí. Snaží se o formulování metodické podpory a inspirace k vytvoření programu pro děti MŠ a ZŠ na permakulturních principech.

Téma článku volně navazuje na autorčin text Horse Assisted education (,, Učení s asistencí koní) a jeho potenciál v oblasti pedagogiky a environmentální výchovy. Má za cíl čtenáře inspirovat jak daný směr realizovat v praxi v rámci program EVVO pro MŠ a ZŠ nebo v rámci táborů či jiných volnočasových aktivit dětí. Článek není přímo metodikou, ale je snahou o koncepční uchopení a metodickou inspiraci pro praxi učitelů EVVO, lektorů, jezdeckých instruktorů atd. Cílem je ukázat, že kůň a aktivity s ním, může být nejen prostředkem pro výuku jezdectví, ale že poskytuje i další zajímavé možnosti pro práci s dětmi v rámci výchovy a vzdělávání.

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Introduction and aim: Midazolam is a short-acting, effective sedative with a rapid onset and minimal side effects, belonging to the benzodiazepine group. The work deals with the use of the midazolam in the dental treatment of children, the history of which dates back to the 1990s. The reason for its popularity in treating children is mainly its sedative and amnestic effects which help both children to cope with the treatment and doctors to cope with the emotional burden, that treating children undoubtedly is. Furthermore, it has a short half-life time and the oral route of administration is preferred by children. The authors describe the physical properties, mechanism of action, pharmacokinetics and the most common side and adverse effects of midazolam. The authors perceive the inconsistency of the professional public in the view, procedure, dosage, and the extent of treatment in sedation while aware of the application of midazolam in children. The aim of the work is to revise the current indications and contraindications for the treatment of paediatric patients in conscious sedation with midazolam, with the help of the available literature, with regard to the age of the child, the extent and nature of the performed procedure. Also, to discuss the methods of administration and safe course of midazolam in outpatient practice. Methods: The literature search and survey was focused on the keywords "midazolam", "dental treatment", "children", and "conscious sedation". The PubMed database was used to find it. Furthermore, we drew information from the specialized books dealing with the given topic. The available literature was subsequently critically evaluated for the needs of this review. Conclusion: Treatment of children is often complicated by the fear of dental treatment. The appropriate method of midazolam administration in the suitable background offers a safe, fast, affordable, and effective treatment option of conscious sedation with minimum side effects. When properly indicated, it can be of a great help in gaining the children's cooperation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Copyright of Pediatrie pro Praxi is the property of SOLEN sro and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

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Aim: Retrospective analysis of 96 patients with primary testicular cancer treated at a pediatric oncology department in the period 1998-2021. Evaluation of epidemiology, age-specific distribution of types of germinal testicular tumors, type of operation, type of chemotherapy and treatment results. Evaluation of late effects of treatment in long-term survivors. Methods and characteristics: during the study period, 96 patients with primary testicular tumor - 89 germinal tumor type (TGCT), 6 stromal tumor type were treated. 1 patient was diagnosed with primary non-Hodgkin's testicular lymphoma. In 1 case, the tumor was bilateral. In 58 cases, TGCT was a malignant type of tumor, and a mature prepubertal teratoma was diagnosed in 31 cases. The TGCT subtype was significantly associated with the patient's age. Malignant tumors predominated in adolescents; in prepubertal age, most tumors were benign. Higher clinical stages (III and IV) were more common in adolescents. All patients underwent surgery - radical orchiectomy in 81 patients, testis sparing surgery (TSS) in 15 patients. Residual tumor mass surgery in metastatic patients after the end of chemotherapy took place in 9 patients, only 2 patients showed signs of vital tumor. No retroperitoneal lymph node dissection was indicated in any patient. Watch and wait strategies without adjuvant treatment were indicated in all prepubertal patients, in 14 adolescent patients and in all patients with stromal tumor type. Chemotherapy was indicated according to the type of tumor, clinical stage, age of the patient, the dynamics of the tumor markers and the classification into the risk group. Results: All 89 patients with TGCT achieved remission. 2 patients with vital residual tumor after the end of first-line treatment achieved clinical remission after the second-line treatment. 1 patient developed metachronous malignant TGCT in the contralateral testis 7,4 years after the primary diagnosis. 1 patient developed late metastatic progression of mixed TGCT after 3,1 years and exited. 5-year overall survival (OS) is 98,7%, 5-year event free survival (EFS) is 98,7%. The median follow-up after treatment is 11,5 years. Nephrotoxicity and ototoxicity gr I and II and fertility disorders were confirmed in 11 patients. Pulmonary toxicity is present in 2 patients, 2 patients have psychological problems. Conclusion: Testicular tumors are rare in prepubertal children, their incidence increases with age. They are the most common cancer in adolescents. The germ cell tumors are the most frequent type. The distribution of histological types of TGCT is age-specific. The patient's prognosis depends on early diagnosis, the extent of the disease and the dynamics of the decline in tumor markers. The gold standard of treatment is radical orchiectomy, TSS is possible in a well-defined group of prepubertal boys. Chemotherapy significantly improved the prognosis of TGCT and included testicular tumors among the curative types of tumors. The risks of toxicity and late effects of treatment lead to efforts to reduce the dose and duration of chemotherapy while maintaining the results. Improving health education in adolescents is also an important factor. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Problematické užívání internetu (problematic Internet use) je definováno jako neschopnost regulovat vlastní užívání internetu. Tato závislost může mít negativní vliv na duševní i fyzické zdraví i na kvalitu života. Zmíněný fenomén je spojen s technologickým pokrokem a stal se celosvětovým problémem. Projevuje se omezenou kontrolou chování ve vztahu k přístupu k a užívání internetu, online hazardním hrám, online hrám apod. Děti a mládež jsou obzvláště náchylní k tomuto typu závislosti. Výzkum ukázal několik rizikových faktorů, jedním z nichž jsou osobnostní charakteristiky. Cílem předkládané studie je prozkoumat vztah mezi charakteristikami osobnosti definovanými podle Velké Pětky (pětifaktorový model osobnosti) a problematickým užíváním internetu a to, které z charakteristik mohou být považovány za rizikové a které za ochranné faktory. Data byla sbírána za účelem standardizace a kulturní adaptace psychologického měřícího nástroje pro děti. Výsledky této studie jsou založeny na analýze dat od 102 respondentů z reprezentativního vzorku žáků základních škol ve věku 11 až 14 let. Výzkum dále pokračuje a další data jsou sbírána. Problematické užívání internetu bylo zkoumáno pomocí krátké verze dotazníku problematického užívání internetu pro mládež (PIUQ-9; Demetrovics, Szeredi, & Rózsa, 2008), která má devět položek. Plná verze instrumentu je založena na 18 položkách. Využita je pětistupňová Likertova škála; minimální skóre ve zkrácené verzi je 9, maximální 45. Instrument má tři sub-škály o třech položkách: škála obsese (abstinenční symptomy při nedostatečném přístupu k internetu), škála zanedbávání potřeb (zanedbávání osobních potřeb a každodenních činností), škála poruchy kontroly (nedostatek kontroly ve spojení s užíváním Internetu). Pětifaktorový osobnostní inventář pro děti (BFQ-C; Barbaranelli et al., 2003) se zaměřil na osobnostní charakteristiky. Nástroj obsahuje 65 položek s pětistupňovou Likertovou škálou. 13 položek se zaměřuje na každou z následujících oblastí: otevřenost vůči zkušenostem / intelekt, svědomitost, extraverze/energie, přívětivost, neuroticismus. Zjištění makedonské studie naznačují faktory relevantní pro rozvoj problematického užívání internetu – čtyři osobnostní charakteristiky lze považovat za ochranné faktory (extraverze, otevřenost vůči zkušenosti, přívětivost a svědomitost) a jeden za rizikový faktor (neuroticismus).

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Copyright of Pediatrie pro Praxi is the property of SOLEN sro and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Pediatrie pro Praxi is the property of SOLEN sro and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)