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Ankara Üniversitesi İletişim Fakültesi’nin ev sahipliğinde düzenlenen CIDA International 2022 (3. Dijital Çağda İletişim Sempozyumu) Ankara Hacı Bayram Veli Üniversitesi, Ankara Sosyal Bilimler Üniversitesi, Atılım Üniversitesi, Başkent Üniversitesi, Çankaya Üniversitesi, Hacettepe Üniversitesi ve İletişim Fakülteleri Dekanlar Konseyi’nden (İLDEK) oluşan bir ekip ortaklığında düzenlenmiştir. Üç gün süren sempozyumda 66 bildiri sunulmuştur. Toplamda 22 oturum, 7 panel ve 1 atölye gerçekleştirilmiştir. Sempozyumda, dijitalleşme olgular ve öngörüler ekseninde ele alınmıştır. Sadece olgular ile sınırlı kalınmayıp, öngörülerin de aktarılmasının, dijitalleşmeye yönelik daha kapsamlı bir bakış açısı sunduğu görülmüştür; çünkü dijitalleşme farklı tartışmaları da kapsayacak şekilde gittikçe daha da keskinleşmekte ve genişlemektedir. Dijitalleşme, bir taraftan toplumdaki temel sorunları daha da derinleştirirken, bir taraftan da yeni sorunları ortaya çıkarmaktadır. Öte yandan, dijitalleşmenin sadece sorunları değil, fırsatları da barındırdığından söz etmek mümkündür. Bu doğrultuda sempozyumda da dijitalleşme her yönüyle ele alınmıştır.

The objective of this study is to explore the tensions between local and international accreditation. In particular, the study aims to uncover the issues related to differences in learning outcomes requirements between the Council for Interior Design Accreditation (CIDA) and Local Accreditation (National Center for Academic Accreditation and Evaluation--NCAAA). CIDA is globally recognized for promoting quality standards. US Council for Higher Education Accreditation (CHEA) recognized the CIDA. There are around 195 interior design schools accredited by the CIDA. The NCAAA is in charge of academic accreditation for both public and private higher education institutions in Saudi Arabia. The study utilized a mixed-method approach, combining documentary analysis and interviews. Applying the theory of complexity, the study revealed issues related to local and international accreditation. The application of the theory of complexity addressed the fact that tensions exist between coevolution and agent. The study is unique in terms of how to align learning outcomes with the requirements of various accreditation bodies. The findings may be generalizable even to those countries that have accreditation requirements somewhat dissimilar to those of CIDA. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Endosymbiotic Wolbachia bacteria are, to date, considered the most widespread symbionts in arthropods and are the cornerstone of major biological control strategies. Such a high prevalence is based on the ability of Wolbachia to manipulate their hosts' reproduction. One manipulation called cytoplasmic incompatibility (CI) is based on the death of the embryos generated by crosses between infected males and uninfected females or between individuals infected with incompatible Wolbachia strains. CI can be seen as a modification‐rescue system (or mod‐resc) in which paternal Wolbachia produce mod factors, inducing embryonic defects, unless the maternal Wolbachia produce compatible resc factors. Transgenic experiments in Drosophila melanogaster and Saccharomyces cerevisiae converged towards a model where the cidB Wolbachia gene is involved in the mod function while cidA is involved in the resc function. However, as cidA expression in Drosophila males was required to observe CI, it has been proposed that cidA could be involved in both resc and mod functions. A recent correlative study in natural Culex pipiens mosquito populations has revealed an association between specific cidA and cidB variations and changes in mod phenotype, also suggesting a role for both these genes in mod diversity. Here, by studying cidA and cidB genomic repertoires of individuals from newly sampled natural C. pipiens populations harbouring wPipIV strains from North Italy, we reinforce the link between cidB variation and mod phenotype variation fostering the involvement of cidB in the mod phenotype diversity. However, no association between any cidA variants or combination of cidA variants and mod phenotype variation was observed. Taken together our results in natural C. pipiens populations do not support the involvement of cidA in mod phenotype variation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The field of online dispute resolution (ODR) is developing both as practice and a profession. Evidence of this includes a growing community of scholars and practitioners. A Canadian International Development Agency (CIDA) grant permitted 16 practitioners from developing countries to attend the 2008 ODR Forum in Victoria, British Columbia. In the year following the Forum, an evaluation was conducted to identify changes among these practitioners’ behaviors, knowledge, skills, abilities and credibility. Results indicate that ODR practitioners in developing countries are engaged in a wide range of activities, many of which are technologically and logistically complex. These practitioners also face a number of political and infrastructural challenges that are not as commonly experienced by those from developed nations. Taken together, these realities have implications both for the nature of ODR’s proliferation as a legitimate practice, as well as for the provision of education and training concerning its underpinnings.

Wolbachia-mediated cytoplasmic incompatibility (CI) is a conditional embryonic lethality induced when Wolbachia -modified sperm fertilizes an uninfected egg. The Wolbachia proteins, CidA and CidB control CI. CidA is a rescue factor that reverses lethality. CidA binds to CidB. CidB contains a deubiquitinating enzyme and induces CI. Precisely how CidB induces CI and what it targets are unknown. Likewise, how CidA prevents sterilization by CidB is not clear. To identify CidB substrates in mosquitos we conducted pull-down assays using recombinant CidA and CidB mixed with Aedes aegypti lysates to identify the protein interactomes of CidB and the CidB/CidA protein complex. Our data allow us to cross compare CidB interactomes across taxa for Aedes and Drosophila. Our data replicate several convergent interactions , suggesting that CI targets conserved substrates across insects. Our data support a hypothesis that CidA rescues CI by tethering CidB away from its substrates. Specifically, we identify ten convergent candidate substrates including P32 (protamine-histone exchange factor), karyopherin alpha, ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme, and bicoid stabilizing factor. Future analysis on how these candidates contribute to CI will clarify mechanisms. [Display omitted] • Interactions of Wolbachia Cif proteins, CidA and CidB, in Aedes aegypti were identified. • We identified ten convergent CidB candidate substrates in Aedes and Drosophila. • Interaction preferences suggest CidA tethers CidB away from CI induction substrates. • Our data suggest that CI induction involves conserved targets across insect taxa. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Extracellular DNA (e DNA) is an important component of the extracellular polymeric substance matrix and is important in the establishment and persistence of Staphylococcus aureus UAMS-1 biofilms. The aim of the study was to determine the temporal expression of genes involved in early biofilm formation and eDNA production. We used q PCR to investigate expression of agrB, which is associated with secreted virulence factors and biofilm dispersal, cidA, which is associated with biofilm adherence and genomic DNA release, and alsS, which is associated with cell lysis, eDNA release and acid tolerance. The contribution of eDNA to the stability of the biofilm matrix was assessed by digesting with DNase I (Pulmozyme) and quantifying structure by confocal microscopy and comstat image analysis. AgrB expression initially increased at 24 h but then dramatically decreased at 72 h in an inverse relationship to biomass, supporting its role in regulating biofilm dispersal. cidA and alsS expression steadily increased over 72 h, suggesting that eDNA was an important component of early biofilm development. DNase I had no effect on biomass, but did cause the biofilms to become more heterogeneous. Carbohydrates in the matrix appeared to play an important role in structural stability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract This paper examines the distribution of public funds to humanitarian and cooperation actors in Canada in 2001–2010. We ask whether changes of government have influenced the type of Canadian organisations that receive funding and whether secular or faith-based nongovernmental organisations (NGOs) attract more funding from particular government administrations. Findings indicate that funding to religious NGOs engaged in proselytising has significantly increased under the federal Conservative government. We also find that the current Conservative administration appears to prioritise religious organisations over secular organisations in its funding, and prioritise organisations in Canada's central and western provinces over those from eastern provinces. Résumé Cet article se penche sur l'influence de la religion sur le financement des acteurs de l'aide humanitaire et de la coopération internationale canadiennes entre 2001 et 2010. Les auteurs se demandent si les changements de gouvernement ont eu un effet sur le type d'organisations qui reçoivent du financement, notamment selon qu'elles sont confessionnelles ou laïques. Les résultats montrent que le gouvernement conservateur actuellement au pouvoir privilégie les ONG confessionnelles plutôt que les ONG laïques, ainsi que les organisations des provinces du Centre et de l'Ouest canadien, plutôt que celles de l'Est. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Wolbachia are widespread endosymbiotic bacteria that manipulate the reproduction of arthropods through a diversity of cellular mechanisms. In cytoplasmic incompatibility (CI), a sterility syndrome originally discovered in the mosquito Culex pipiens , uninfected eggs fertilized by sperm from infected males are selectively killed during embryo development following the abortive segregation of paternal chromosomes in the zygote. Despite the recent discovery of Wolbachia CI factor (cif) genes, the mechanism by which they control the fate of paternal chromosomes at fertilization remains unknown. Here, we have analyzed the cytological distribution and cellular impact of CidA and CidB, a pair of Cif proteins from the Culex -infecting Wolbachia strain w Pip. We show that expression of CidB in Drosophila S2R+ cells induces apoptosis unless CidA is co-expressed and associated with its partner. In transgenic Drosophila testes, both effectors colocalize in germ cells until the histone-to-protamine transition in which only CidB is retained in maturing spermatid nuclei. We further show that CidB is similarly targeted to maturing sperm of naturally infected Culex mosquitoes. At fertilization, CidB associates with paternal DNA regions exhibiting DNA replication stress, as a likely cause of incomplete replication of paternal chromosomes at the onset of the first mitosis. Importantly, we demonstrate that inactivation of the deubiquitylase activity of CidB does not abolish its cell toxicity or its ability to induce CI in Drosophila. Our study thus demonstrates that CI functions as a transgenerational toxin-antidote system and suggests that CidB acts by poisoning paternal DNA replication in incompatible crosses. [Display omitted] • CidA and CidB function as a toxin-antidote system in Drosophila S2R+ cells • CidA and CidB associate in male germ cells until mid-spermiogenesis • The CidB toxin is loaded into sperm nuclei in transgenic flies and infected Culex • In eggs, CidB associates with replication stress markers on paternal chromosomes Wolbachia -mediated cytoplasmic incompatibility (CI) is an insect sterility syndrome controlled by the protein effectors CidA and CidB. By characterizing the distribution and impact of CidA and CidB in Drosophila and Culex mosquitoes, Horard et al. demonstrate that CidA and CidB function as a transgenerational toxin-antidote system to mediate CI. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In rural northern Ghana, changing hydrology and donor policies impact on household water supply and water rights. Ghana has adopted the community-based management approach in its national drinking water policy. Irit Eguavoen looks at how some policy concepts contradict pre-existing water rights; water users are challenged to balance project requirements, local norms, and ecological circumstances leading to divergent priorities and to more restricted access to water. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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