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Copyright of South Architecture / Nanfang Jianzhu is the property of South Architecture Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This paper intends to provide key insights to the manufacturing industrial park designers for selecting the typical days of electric load and planning the resources for energy-producing infrastructure. First, a hybrid time-series model of energy-consuming equipment based on the autoregressive integral moving average model (ARIMA) and temporal convolutional network (TCN) is generated. According to this model, the energy consumption (EC) curve of large equipment in the industrial park can be depicted. Moreover, the present study designed a TLSM-IPML (typical load stratification method for industrial parks with manufacturing load) algorithm based on the typical day-selected method. The data clustering method is utilized to analyze the energy usage characteristics. Furthermore, an energy usage-based planning model is proposed, network constraints are considered, and a multi-optional method is designed to solve the problem. Finally, case studies validate the superior performance of TLSM-IPML in analyzing the characteristics of energy consumption and planning the model in reducing MES (manufacturing industrial factory integrated energy system) economic costs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: Comfortable outdoor workspaces are important for employees in business parks and urban areas. Prioritizing a pleasant thermal environment is essential for employee productivity, as well as the improvement of outdoor spaces between office buildings to enhance social activities and quality of outdoor workplaces in a hot arid climate has been subjected to very little studies Thus, this study focuses on business parks (BPs) landscape elements. The objective of this study is to enhance the user's thermal comfort in the work environment, especially in the outdoors attached to the administrative and office buildings such as the BPs. Design/methodology/approach: This research follows Four-phases methodology. Phase 1 is the investigation of the literature review including the Concept and consideration of BP urban planning, Achieving outdoor thermal comfort (OTC) and shading elements analysis. Phase 2 is the case study initial analysis targeting for prioritizing zones for shading involves three main methods: social assessment, geometrical assessment and environmental assessment. Phase 3 entails selecting shading elements that are suitable for the zones requiring shading parametrize the selected shading elements. Phase 4 focuses on the optimization of OTC through shading arrangements for the prioritized zones. Findings: Shading design is a multidimensional process that requires consideration of various factors, including social aspects, environmental impact and structural integrity. Shading elements in urban areas play a crucial role in mitigating heat stress by effectively shielding surfaces from solar radiation. The integration of parametric design and computational optimization techniques enhances the shading design process by generating a wide range of alternative solutions. Research limitations/implications: While conducting this research, it is important to acknowledge certain limitations that may affect the generalizability and scope of the findings. One significant limitation lies in the use of the shade audit method as a tool to prioritize zones for shading. Although the shade audit approach offers practical benefits for designers compared to using questionnaires, it may have its own inherent biases or may not capture the full complexity of human preferences and needs. Originality/value: Few studies have focused on optimizing the type and location of devices that shade outdoor spaces. As a result, there is no consensus on the workflow that should regulate the design of outdoor shading installations in terms of microclimate and human thermal comfort, therefore testing parametric shading scenarios for open spaces between office buildings to increase the benefit of the outer environment is very important. The study synthesizes OTC strategies by filling the research gap through the implementation of a proper workflow that utilizes parametric thermal comfort. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Intense tax competition among local governments limits their potential for tax revenues. Inter-municipal cooperation (IMC) in general and joint business parks in particular constitute a platform to coordinate local tax rates with neighboring municipalities to reduce tax competition. We ask whether local politicians and citizens are aware of this logic and whether they account for it. Using survey data from German municipalities, we find citizens' support for joint business parks to increase in the intensity of tax competition but not for other forms of IMC. For local politicians, we do not find any effect of tax competition on IMC support. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Business parks are a ubiquitous feature of city-edge development. They have attracted attention for their lack of sustainability, spurring interest in how they can be reconfigured or reimagined in the face of ecological collapse and social fragmentation. Inspired by calls to notice everyday practices at the city edge (Tzaninis et al. 2021. "Moving Urban Political Ecology Beyond the 'Urbanization of Nature'." Progress in Human Geography 45 (2): 229–252; Tsing 2015. The Mushroom at the End of the World: On the Possibility of Life in Capitalist Ruins. Princeton: Princeton University Press; Gandy 2022a. "Ghosts and Monsters: Reconstructing Nature on the Site of the Berlin Wall." Transactions of the Institute of British Geographers 47: 1120–1136.) and drawing on data from a participant-led photography exercise at a suburban business park in the north-east of England, this article explores how workers employed at businesses on the park engage with and value its natural assets. We set out from Tzaninis et al.'s (2021) contention that the dominant framing of suburbia as 'non-place' or 'no man's land' has the effect of denying the many intriguing practices unfolding at the city's edge. Resonating with Tsing (2015), we highlight the significance of everyday interaction with nature in an ecologically vulnerable landscape as a creative, open-ended and, potentially, hopeful process. Focused on denizens of the business park, our data draws attention to the possibilities and potentialities of more-than-human encounters, the feeling of tranquillity generated by green spaces, and the sense of freedom that derives from bodily movement in a natural setting. These open-ended practices are distinct from, and 'other than', the dominant way of doing business in the park. Such encounters, drawn out by auto-photography, foment a radical connectedness with nature through which a powerful sense of custodianship and responsibility can find expression. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The increasing growth of industrial facilities calls for sustainable planning and design. In this research, the multiple objective optimization model is developed to plan for Eco-Industrial Parks, in which economic, social, and environmental criteria are evaluated. Our proposed optimization model is integrated with the simulation-based risk profile based on emergency scenarios. Varied chemical substances and explosive locations are further analyzed to assess the impact of risk. Then, the Fuzzy Analytic Hierarchy Process technique is applied to examine uncertain decisions. Next, this study presents the proposed model with the case study of selective industrial-building types in an industrial park, in which industrial plants, hazardous material plants, warehouse buildings, and office space are included. Our analysis reveals that tradeoffs exist in designing an industrial estate with various industrial plants under conflicting objectives. Finally, tradeoffs are investigated using Pareto analysis resulting in sustainable planning for an industrial estate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Business parks have increasingly become part of Cape Town's industrial built environment over the last 25 years. It signifies a shift from large industrial premises to smaller units in communal industrial settings. This paper investigates the types of business activities found in the business parks using the conceptual underpinnings of location theory and industrial cluster theory. Online and fieldwork surveys of the businesses found in 49 business parks in Cape Town, South Africa, were conducted to compile a database of businesses and their activities. Each business was classified using the South African Standard Industrial Classification (SIC) codes to establish which economic sectors are represented in the business parks. It was found that the predominant economic sectors in business parks were the wholesale and retail trade, which included the repair of motor vehicles, motorcycles and personal and household goods and catering and accommodation, as well as the financial sector consisting of banking, insurance, real estate and business services. Manufacturing activities and commercial, social and personal services were also well represented. The findings indicate that business parks are the popular location for retail-orientated businesses and small manufacturing concerns and affirm the growing importance of the professional and business service sectors. The paper lays the groundwork for further investigation into the multi-scalar economic linkages of firms in business parks in Cape Town. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Urbanization is a leading cause of global biodiversity loss, yet cities can provide resources required by many species throughout the year. In recognition of this, cities around the world are adopting strategies to increase biodiversity. These efforts would benefit from a robust understanding of how natural and enhanced features in urbanized areas influence various taxa. We explored seasonal and spatial patterns in occupancy and taxonomic richness of birds and pollinators among office parks in Santa Clara County, California, USA, where natural features and commercial landscaping have generated variation in conditions across scales. We surveyed birds and insect pollinators, estimated multi‐species occupancy and species richness, and found that spatial scale (local, neighborhood, and landscape scale), season, and urban sensitivity were all important for understanding how communities occupied sites. Features at the landscape (distance to streams or baylands) and local scale (tree canopy, shrub, or impervious cover) were the strongest predictors of avian occupancy in all seasons. Pollinator richness was influenced by local tree canopy and impervious cover in spring, and distance to baylands in early and late summer. We then predicted the relative contributions of different spatial scales to annual bird species richness by simulating "good" and "poor" quality sites based on influential covariates returned by the previous models. Shifting from poor to good quality conditions locally increased annual avian richness by up to 6.8 species with no predicted effect on the quality of the neighborhood. Conversely, sites of poor local and neighborhood scale quality in good‐quality landscapes were predicted to harbor 11.5 more species than sites of good local‐ and neighborhood‐scale quality in poor‐quality landscapes. Finally, more urban‐sensitive bird species were gained at good quality sites relative to urban tolerant species, suggesting that urban natural features at the local and landscape scales disproportionately benefited them. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An effective way to reduce the energy consumption of a building is to optimize the control strategy for the HVAC system. Load prediction is suggested and used to match the supply and demand for air conditioning and achieve energy savings. However, the gap between load prediction models and real-time optimal control of HVAC systems still exists. Hence, this paper proposed an optimization method for dynamically determining the best setpoints of chillers and chilled water pumps under a specific load. The energy consumption model of each equipment in the centralized cooling station is established and validated using the operational data. Then an optimization problem is defined to find the optimal setpoints for each equipment under certain load, to realize the lowest energy consumption. To verify the validity of the proposed method, a period of real operational data in an office park is used. The proposed method is applied on one centralized cooling station in the office park and results in an 4% lower overall energy consumption than the existing intelligent control strategies in the park. This method provides feasible directions and reference for realizing overall optimal control of the whole HVAC system in the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Towns and cities in the industrial and former coal mining areas of England have often struggled to cope with economic restructuring. This article offers a near contemporary history of the central area of one such city, where culture has become a key device for promoting development and regeneration. Three episodes of policy are distinguished: from 1990 to about 2011, the emergence of a twin-track economic strategy that combined out-of-town business parks with the remodelling of the central area partly on 'Urban Renaissance' principles: from 2011 onwards, continued city centre decline when previous investments had little economic impact; and after about 2020, a process of re-orientation; and as part of this, a reinvigorated attempt to rebrand the city, albeit within the continuing framework of the twin-track strategy. A reflexive methodology is used to construct the narrative. That methodology enables a joint consideration of discourse and economic realities, showing how place, branding, and planning come together in representational logics that generate both supportive and counter narratives. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Business parks account for 30% of China's total carbon emissions. Exploring emissions reduction approaches for business parks is crucial to achieve a net-zero emissions target, as well as for achieving a representative example for all types of emissions entities. Business parks mainly adopt two types of emissions reduction approaches: energy-saving renovations and purchasing carbon reduction products. However, there are limited studies focusing on the optimal combinations of the two approaches for reaching net-zero emissions and evaluating the cost effectiveness. To find a feasible and quantified way to build net-zero business park, a comprehensive path decision model is proposed. The problem is broken down into two parts: the optimal carbon reduction portfolio and the optimal electricity saving were researched. For the optimal product portfolio, the Markowitz theory is employed to balance the risk of carbon reduction products with the expected cost. In the part of optimal electricity saving, considering a ten-year life cycle, the total cost includes renovation investment, carbon reduction products cost, and cost saving of electricity consumption reduction. Based on the energy consumption, technical, and price data, the combination of energy-saving renovations and carbon reduction products is optimized. The model suggests a business park can save 24% of energy consumption through renovation investment and purchase CCER as 66% of the carbon reduction product portfolio. Taking only purchasing carbon reduction products as a benchmark to assess economic efficiency, implementing an optimized level of energy-saving renovation is found to save 16% of the comprehensive cost for the life cycle required to achieve zero carbon emissions. This model provides a new comprehensive optimization idea that will help future parks make decisions to achieve zero-carbon emission targets. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With limited investment costs, how to fully utilize the carbon-reduction capacity of a campus in terms of buildings, equipment, and energy is an important issue when realizing the low-carbon retrofit of office parks. To this end, this paper establishes a mathematical optimization model for the decarbonization-based retrofit of existing office parks, based on the genetic algorithm, taking into account the relationship between cost, energy-consumption, and carbon-emissions, and taking the maximum carbon reduction of the park over its whole life as the optimization goal. The validity of the model was verified in conjunction with a case study of an office park in Nanchang, China. The case study shows that, compared with current typical parks, the carbon reduction through an office park's decarbonization retrofit has a non-linear correlation with the investment cost, and when the total investment cost of the park is above CNY 60 million, the increase in carbon reduction with the increase in the investment cost is gradually weakened, and the park achieves the maximum carbon reduction of 236,087 t when the investment cost reaches CNY 103 million. Under the current technical and economic conditions, the investment-cost–carbon-reduction benefits of different carbon-reduction technologies are different, the carbon-reduction benefit of increasing renewable energy utilization is the best, and the carbon-reduction benefit of upgrading the energy efficiency of the park's supply-and-use system is lower than that of renewable energy utilization, but better than that of upgrading the performance of the building envelope system. In addition, the configuration of the parameters of the same low-carbon technology in different forms of buildings varies significantly, due to differences in the building form and daily use. The model established in this paper is able to give a comprehensive optimized building–equipment–energy configuration plan for existing office parks, when maximizing carbon reduction under different investment costs, which guides the park's decarbonization retrofit. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The natural and economic conditions of agricultural resources vary greatly in China, especially in hilly and mountainous areas. The phenomenon of land fragmentation has become increasingly prominent, so that large-scale operations cannot be fully achieved in a short period of time, and the centralized and continuous scale of operations cannot be realized in China. In addition, with increasingly strict farmland protection and agricultural land use control systems, the issues of nongrain production and nonagricultural cultivated land use have become increasingly restricted. Thus, it is quite necessary to determine the appropriate scale of operations and the means to achieve moderately scaled operations for the new business entities. On the basis of microsurvey data for 108 new citrus-planting business entities in the modern agricultural park in the Chongqing's Jiangjin District, an area with long citrus-planting history, we measured the moderate scale of new citrus-planting business entities to maximize profit using a translog growth model. According to the projection pursuit model, we evaluated the suitability conditions of citrus planting in garden land, woodland, grassland, and general cultivated land in the study area. We then explored the potential for new moderate-scale business entities within different farming radii. The results showed that large-scale planting conditions of citrus in garden land, forest land, grassland, and general cultivated land in the study area were suitable, and the proportion of high-suitable and medium-suitable land was 73.42%. Under the existing social and economic conditions, the moderate scale of new citrus-planting business entities in the study area was 1.8–2.7 hm2. In particular, its rankings from large to small were agricultural enterprises (17.19–25.78 hm2), farmer cooperatives (16.88–25.33 hm2), big growers and breeders (6.39–9.59 hm2), and family farms (5.02–7.53 hm2). In the sample of 108 households, only 47.22% of the entities achieved moderate-scale operation, of which 25% of the entities achieved a scale greater than moderate operation. However, 52.78% of the entities achieved a scale of less than moderate operation. These entities would have to transfer the surrounding adjacent garden land, forest land, grassland, or general cultivated land to achieve large-scale land management. The land area of the adjacent gardens in a 1000 m farming radius could meet the moderate-scale operation demand of the vast majority of new business entities. For the vast majority of new business entities, the land area of the adjacent woodland, grassland, and general cultivated land could supplement the garden land to achieve moderate-scale operation in a 500 m farming radius. If the land area with moderate suitability and high suitability is prioritized, the land area in the adjacent gardens in the 1000 m farming radius could meet the moderate-scale operation demand for the vast majority of new business entities. Within the 500 m farming radius, the vast majority of new business entities have achieved moderate-scale operations if the land area adjacent to forest land, grassland, and general arable land was supplemented by gardens; however, a few entities could not achieve moderate-scale operations. From the village perspective, gardens were prioritized. Sixteen villages had planting areas and planting suitability that exceeded the average level of the study area, accounting for 23.53%. If combined with the reserve potential of the garden land, eight villages could improve their potential, accounting for 11.76%. Therefore, the conditions of large-scale citrus planting in the study area should be further improved, and the scale expansion of new citrus-planting business entities should receive additional scientific guidance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the advent of advanced battery technology, EVs are gradually gaining momentum. An appropriate decision-making method for the number of charging piles is in need to meet charging needs, and concurrently, to avoid the waste of infrastructure investment. In this study, an optimal charging pile configuration method for office building parking lots is proposed. With the determination of the design period of charging facilities, a charging load prediction model is established under a collection of charging scenarios. Taking the average utilization rate of charging facilities and the average satisfaction rate of charging demand as the objective functions, the distribution of the optimal number of piles is obtained with the genetic algorithm. The benefits of the configuration method are also explored under the building demand response process. The results show that the optimal configuration of charging piles in office buildings with different volumes have similar characteristics. When the design period is 5 years and 10 years, the comprehensive indicator of the utilization rate of the charging facilities and the satisfaction rate of the charging demand can, respectively, be improved by 8.18% and 17.45%. Moreover, the reasonable scheduling strategy can realize the load regulation response with a maximum load transfer rate of 25.55%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The COVID-19 pandemic has caused massive disruption to business as usual across all industries, including education, and there is a growing consensus that the higher education (HE) sector may never go back to 'business as usual'. While universities are now developing strategies for 2030, several management consultancies are projecting a very challenging HE landscape in the next decade. Suggestions, from the death of the normal university campus to shutdowns, mergers and collaborations are widely predicted including new opportunities for growth. University administrators should develop innovative strategic plans to address the challenges and harness the growth opportunities. Although other industries have faced such disruptions and have coped with responses such as partnerships and mergers, it may be time for universities to reconsider business models for the future. The strategies adopted in the aviation industry have been used to recommend a way forward for universities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article focuses on improving industrial and business park environments, emphasizing challenges and innovative solutions. Topics include enhancing workplace aesthetics and functionality, integrating sustainable technologies, and improving community engagement through accessible amenities and transportation options.

In a context of ecological transition, the city of Casablanca has set itself the goal of building an eco-metropolis. Its development plan provides to convert industrial wasteland into business parks with consideration of sustainability in development operations. Sustainable management approaches have been initiated, such as the CasaNearshore Technopole greening project. The paper proposes an analysis of the perceptions of actors on the themes of actions to be implemented within the framework of this project. The evaluation by the actors of the relevance of these themes reveals that actions in favor of the preservation of the environment, although known as approaches of general interest, can nevertheless lead to situations of location conflicts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Small Business & Entrepreneurship is the property of Routledge and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Online Journal of Art & Design is the property of Online Journal of Art & Design and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Femtosecond filament-induced breakdown spectroscopy (FIBS) is an efficient approach in remote and in situ detection of a variety of trace elements, but it was recently discovered that the FIBS of water is strongly dependent on the large-bandgap semiconductor property of water, making the FIBS signals sensitive to laser ionization mechanisms. Here, we show that the sensitivity of the FIBS technique in monitoring metal elements in water can be efficiently improved by using chirped femtosecond laser pulses, but an asymmetric enhancement of the FIBS intensity is observed for the negatively and positively chirped pulses. We attribute the asymmetric enhancement to their different ionization rates of water, in which the energy of the photons participating in the ionization process in the front part of the negatively chirped pulse is higher than that in the positively chirped pulse. By optimizing the pulse chirp, we show that the limit of detection of the FIBS technique for metal elements in water, e.g., aluminum, can reach to the sub-ppm level, which is about one order of magnitude better than that by the transform-limited pulse. We further examine the FIBS spectra of several representative water samples including commercial mineral water, tap water, and lake water taken from two different environmental zones, i.e., a national park and a downtown business district (Changchun, China), from which remarkably different concentrations of Ca, Na, and K elements of these samples are obtained. Our results provide a possibility of using FIBS for direct and fast metal elemental analysis of water in different field environments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article explores the commuting behavior of daily commuters during rush hour. A significant proportion of daily trips are concentrated in a short period of time known as "rush hour". Rush hour is responsible for traffic congestion to and from the workplace and this can cause significant time loss. To improve understanding of commuters' habits, this paper analyses how individual rationales are formed from a multitude of constraining factors such as family, professional considerations and transport supply. The work that inspired this paper was produced as part of a project co-financed by the Haut-de-France Region and the Lille European Metropolis (France). This research focused on the experience of employees at rush hour to and from two major business parks in the Lille metropolitan area. Combining the use of 75 weekly travel logs completed by employees and a series of eleven commented journeys, we can conclude from this data that many obstacles need to be overcome before the conditions for a change in travel behaviour are met. Certainly, a perpetual increase in transportation times leads to changes in mobility behaviour and/or relocation (of the home or of the place of employment). But we also find that employees are attempting to move the bar that marks the boundary between acceptable and unacceptable constraints. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Phenomena that indicate the performance of the use of natural tourism in protected areas indicate that there are institutional problems in it. This study aims to determine the influence of exogenous variables on the action arena for the use of natural tourism in protected areas in Indonesia. Data were collected through in-depth interviews, participatory observation, document, and regulatory review. Then the data were analyzed using descriptive analysis. This study was analyzed using the institutional analysis and development (IAD) framework. This framework provides a useful approach to understanding institutional issues. Based on the research, the influence of exogenous variables on the action arena, among others 1) there is an incorrect implementation between the cooperation agreement and the permit carried out by the Mount Gede Pangrango National Park Office as the principal, which has resulted in the agent bearing additional costs to obtain exclusion rights, and the principal's loss does not receive a contribution in the form of Levies on The Results of Business Activities for Nature Tourism Facilities from the transfer of rights to agents; 2) when public access is closed in the public space, there will be a conflict between the agent and the community which creates a high cost of exclusion and is charged to the agent; 3) the agent is aware of the lack of principal resources to carry out supervision so that the agent does not immediately carry out his obligations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Techno.com is the property of Universitas Dian Nuswantoro, Fakultas Ilmu Komputer and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The paper was dealing with the British travels of Franz Ernst of Harrach mainly on the basis of his newly found correspondence in the Austrian State Archives. In total, eight British travels of a different character were documented. The first journey, which took place in 1825 and during which he visited a number of mansions of British nobility and landscape parks, deepened Harrach's tending towards the isles, which was later reflected in the construction of Hrádek u Nechanic and the rebuilding of Prugg Castle. The study has also shown that some of the Count's other stays influenced the shape of Hrádek, for example his expedition of the late 1830s and his two travels to England in 1851 undertaken due to his participation at the World Exhibition in London, the second of which was partly shared with his architect Karl Fischer. An analysis of the Count's correspondence has shown that Harrach continued to visit aristocratic residences and landscape parks in the isles after 1825, made contacts, and that he pursued his business and his interests (as evidenced, among other things, by his participation in horse races in York). The sources also show that Franz Ernst was an Anglophile whose linkage to Great Britain was very strong and who knew the British environment very well. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The construction sector in Colombia is fundamental to provide the infrastructure necessary for the progress of society. It also responds favorably to changes in economic dynamics by creating jobs, moving raw materials, stimulating and developing other economic sectors. These tasks are sustained by business performance, which is considered the fundamental pillar of market economies. Likewise, business management is directly related to innovation, by applying new productive activities in employment, trade and service formulations. However, Colombian business park is mostly composed of micro and small enterprises, which exhibit limitations in their organizational structure. This limits their performance in direct participation in complex state construction projects in a changing economic environment dependent on international market phenomena. Therefore, this research analysed the economic environment of the building subsector, through the formulation of a methodology to select and characterize the companies of the building construction subsector in Boyacá. In addition, business capabilities were identified through the estimation of financial and organizational statements when compared with a representative sample of public bids for building construction. The above exposed the complex conditions in housing construction as a leader in the building subsector. In addition, 95.83% of the companies in Boyacá do not have the conditions to participate in public procurement due to organizational limitations that characterize the Colombian business park. These phenomena, together with the effects of the recent economic crises, have affected the economic growth of the building activity, despite institutional efforts to encourage production through investment in construction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective. This study complements other studies previously conducted and aims at determining the current level of physical activity in girls in the current pandemic context, the data obtained being compared with the mentioned studies. Methods.The research was conducted in 2022 on a number of 60 girls between the ages of 19 and 35 and was based on a questionnaire that shows the Physical Activity Index. The mentioned questionnaire has three parameters (intensity, duration and frequency) and is calculated very easily by multiplying the scores from each parameter, resulting in a value that shows us a score that can be interpreted according to a given appreciation grid. Results.The results obtained show that, with the exception of the frequency parameter, all parameters and the Physical Activity Index decreased in 2022 compared to the other years researched, the difference between the best value of the Physical Activity Index and that obtained in 2022 being over 10 points, which shows us that the pandemic situation has affected us all, regardless of age, the girls being classified as insufficiently active/relatively sedentary, with a category of poor physical condition. Under the given conditions, it is recommended that the physical activity to be carried out permanently, even if this is done at home, at the office (during break), in the park, etc., and it can be done in the form of stretching, walking, running, fitness, etc. Movement containment measures taken during the COVID-19 pandemic have also had a negative effect on physical activity, the impossibility of leaving the house or certain restrictions that have been taken have caused regular physical activity to suffer. Conclusions.Realizing that during the pandemic it is quite difficult to be an active person by diminishing opportunities, I believe that a regular schedule of physical activity can be maintained, which is a matter exclusively for the person concerned, the formation of a daily routine in which involves movement being recommended, by this maintaining a state of well-being felt by those who achieve this. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cultural and creative industries have the characteristics of spatial agglomeration. They not only show the situation of "local concentration and overall dispersion" as a whole but also have the function of self-strengthening development. In order to improve the service capacity of tTitan aerospace cultural and creative industry space, the park provides high availability and wide bandwidth physical outgoing lines, optimizes the private cloud computing capacity of the park, and improves the high availability performance of the network under the large business mode of the park. Finally, it is found that the increase of/in occupancy rate, GDP, and total service revenue of the park have been improved. In this paper, starting with the current situation of China's population and the current situation of Fantian business combined with information technology, space aggregation was carried out to build an aviation business park by high-tech means, so that they can attract more talents with high knowledge and high R&D ability to move in and drive the economic development at that time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sites of oppression might be remembered in ways that contribute to dialogues about human rights and justice, exemplified by Sites of Conscience. Oppression was commonplace in former psychiatric institutions, yet such institutions are often subject to strategic forgetting and transformed into business parks, hotels, or residential areas. This article concerns Långbro Hospital, a digital museum presenting the former psychiatric institution Långbro, Sweden, now transformed into a residential area. I discuss how the former institution becomes a digital nonplace in which patients tend to be objectified or excluded, and the park and the buildings in which oppression occurred are reduced to representing beauty and functionality. I relate the analysis to digital Sites of Conscience such as British Museum of Colonialism and Pennhurst Memorial and Preservation Alliance and, thereby, show that thoughtful digitization might recognize prior as well as current injustice and oppression and contribute to change. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study was carried out in order to reveal how the businesses in Adıyaman Park AVM operating in Adıyaman were economically affected by the Covid 19 epidemic, their perspectives on the applied economic policies and their post-pandemic economic predictions. In this context, a questionnaire consisting of 31 questions was applied to measure the opinions of business managers in Adıyaman Park AVM. The data obtained after the survey study was analyzed in the statistical program. Within the scope of the study, frequency and percentage analyzes were used to determine the demographic characteristics of the participants. On the other hand, t-test and one-way Anova analyzes were used to determine participant views on the economic effects of the Covid 19 epidemic on businesses. Looking at the data obtained, it was seen that 77.5% of the participants had significant concerns about the future. Again, 50% of the participants are afraid of closing their workplaces, while 93.8% think that small-scale businesses will face the risk of closing. On the other hand, 71.9% of the participants stated that they would reduce the number of employees in their workplaces. As a result of this, it was seen that the number of those who stated that the unemployment rate would increase throughout the country was very high. With this study, it was concluded that the Covid 19 epidemic had very negative economic effects on businesses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Shared parking, as an important means of revitalizing static traffic facilities, has received widespread attention from all walks of life. At the microlevel, this paper analyzes a total of more than one million parking data points (including the license plate information of each vehicle, the time of entering and leaving the parking lot, the parking time and the parking fee, and so on) in Chongqing, studies the change cycle and change characteristics of the data, and draws the conclusion that the traffic volumes of office buildings and shopping malls are significantly different on weekdays and weekends. Based on the performed analysis, this paper establishes a supply-and-demand-based appreciation model to project the impact of the implementation of shared parking on real estate value appreciation. The calculation results show that the implementation of shared parking can increase the value of the parking lot studied in the example by 17% of its original value. Although the model established in this article is aimed at the sharing of parking spaces between an office building in the city's central business district and the surrounding shopping mall, it can also be extended and applied to the evaluation of parking space sharing between general buildings. Overall, this paper provides effective methods into revitalizing parking space resources to ease urban traffic congestion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Existing innovation management literature significantly enhances our knowledge about "What" open innovation is and "Why" it is crucial for innovating superior products. However, very little is known about the process of "How" firms adopt openness. We engage in a qualitative exploratory study using a grounded theory method to understand the process by which firms open and migrate from ego‐systems to open innovation ecosystems. This paper reports on our findings from 3 rounds of 54 interviews with managers in the Macquarie Business Park, Australia. The first two rounds (n = 22 + 22) describe the openness process, define its qualitatively different phases, and detect critical variables that trigger or inhibit phase transition. In the final round (n = 10), member checks verify our interpretive model, revealing that inter‐firm openness occurs in four transitory phases—realization, socialization, strategic alignment, and two‐way openness. Phase transition starts somewhat spontaneously for firms but gets more complex as they proceed from ego‐system to an ecosystem, and the degree of openness increases in each subsequent phase. The study has significant theoretical and practical implications for product innovation management. Interdependence, social exchange, and trust play a significant role in creating open innovation ecosystems. Inter‐firm openness follows four interlocking transitory phases—realization, socialization, strategic alignment, and two‐way openness. Phase transitions start spontaneously but become complex as the degree of openness increases in subsequent phases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this paper is to explore the extent to which business parks (zones d’activités économiques) are visible in urban development and planning. It examines a paradox: while business parks play an active role in contemporary urbanization, they have been largely neglected by researchers and those involved in urban development and planning. There seem to be three reasons for this: business parks are considered primarily as an economic phenomenon, not an urban one; they are often associated with functionalism, which urban planners have rejected; and the role business parks play in surburbanization tends to be underestimated in comparison to housing. Giving greater prominence to business parks is a major issue for researchers and urban planners. It would pave the way to examining new rationales underpinning urban sprawl, to studying the development of new urban forms, and to exploring ways to manage business zones.

Cities undergo constant change and their industrial spaces are particularly impacted on by new technologies, changing industries and the vagaries of the global and national economies. This paper reports on an investigation of the changing commercial and industrial landscape in Cape Town, South Africa, by focussing on commercial park spaces, specifically those that have been purposely named as business parks, industrial parks and office parks. The study is grounded in the literature on the changing spatial economy of Cape Town. A comprehensive database of commercial parks was created from a host of online sources and documents as well as a field survey. The spatial distribution of commercial parks was analysed in relation to the 11 districts mapped by a previous spatial economic study of the city. It was found that while the commercial parks were predominantly located in four districts, a nuanced locational analysis of the three different types of parks provided evidence of subtle differences in their distribution. The commercial parks are located both in traditional industrial suburbs and in newer commercial spaces and, although most are new developments, some are housed in old industrial spaces that have been converted. Almost half of the commercial parks are managed as sectional title schemes which mirror the management model of gated communities. Purposely named commercial parks are essentially a post-apartheid phenomenon as the majority are post-1994 developments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Polytechnic is the property of Journal of Polytechnic and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Respectively a professor and research fellow at the Politecnico di Torino, Michele Bonino and Maria Paola Repellino explore the rejuvenation, social aspirations, architectural techniques and outcomes of China's danwei system of industrial units. This is resulting in a revitalisation of these districts, bringing cultural, employment and amenity diversity as well as blurring older boundaries between richer areas and less privileged ones. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An increasing number of municipalities cooperates in the field of economic development. In this article, we focus on a specific instrument in this field, namely the development of joint business parks. We apply a hazard model to data from West German municipalities between 2000 and 2015. We find interlocal business parks to be more frequent among small municipalities and in urban clusters and other constellations where suitable land is scarce. Our main focus rests on the role of intraregional competition. An analogy building on the literature on international tax coordination supports the hypothesis that interlocal business parks are more likely in regions where intraregional competition is intense. We measure the intensity of competition using local tax rates and find the evidence to be affirmative: The likelihood of interlocal business park formation increases in the intensity of intraregional (tax) competition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Colombiana de Ciencias Sociales is the property of Fondo Editorial Fundacion Universitaria Luis Amigo and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

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The actual list of authors should be as follows: Original: Ruud Peters SP 1, sp *, Ingrid Elbers SP 1 sp , Anna Undas SP 1 sp , Eelco Sijtsma SP 1 sp , Sophie Briffa SP 2 sp , Pauline Carnell-Morris SP 3 sp , Agnieszka Siupa SP 3 sp , Tae-Hyun Yoon SP 4,5 sp , Loïc Burr SP 6 sp , David Schmid SP 6 sp , Jutta Tentschert SP 7 sp , Yves Hachenberger SP 7 sp , Harald Jungnickel SP 7 sp , Andreas Luch SP 7 sp , Florian Meier SP 8 sp , Jörg Radnik SP 9 sp , Vasile-Dan Hodoroaba SP 9 sp , Iseult Lynch SP 2 sp and Eugenia Valsami-Jones SP 2 sp 1 Wageningen Food Safety Research, Wageningen University & Research, Akkermaalsbos 2, 6708 WB Wageningen, The Netherlands; ingrid.elbers@wur.nl (I.E.); anna.undas@wur.nl (A.U.); eelco.sijtsma@wur.nl (E.S.) Agnieszka.siupa@malvern.com (A.S.) 4 Department of Chemistry, College of Natural Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Korea; taeyoon@hanyang.ac.kr 5 Institute of Next Generation Material Design, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Korea 6 CSEM, Centre Suisse d'Electronique et de Microtechnique SA, Bahnhofstrasse 1, 7302 Lanfquart, Switzerland; loic.burr@csem.ch (L.B.); Benchmarking the ACEnano Toolbox for Characterisation of Nanoparticle Size and Concentration by Interlaboratory Comparison. [Extracted from the article]

Energy and resources cooperation has a great potential of reducing greenhouse gases (GHG) emissions of companies, especially in industrial and business parks where facilities are located in geographical proximity. Such cooperation could cut emissions without significant impact on profit, and in some cases, may even reduce costs by decreasing waste generation and improving energy efficiency. This paper combines similar themes of industrial symbiosis, sharing economy and circular economy to formulate a single robust concept of energy and resources cooperation. A framework and methodology for mass implementation of energy and resources cooperation is proposed by integrating disparate fields of industrial ecology, business studies and industrial investments. Furthermore, an approach of enhancing such cooperation is proposed which involves an establishment of a specialized Cooperation Development and Management Company. Finally, research agenda is set out to capitalise the developments of industry 4.0 and peer to peer sharing for energy and resources cooperation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The construction of so many temporary Admiralty offices in St James's Park during the First World War, despite the threat of enemy bombing, shows that British naval administrative efficiency then depended significantly on the close physical proximity of offices, albeit supplemented where necessary by additional liaison mechanisms. Subsequently, however, changing office practices, and advances in communications infrastructure and technology, made it possible for the administration to stretch itself very considerably. That was fortunate, since developments in warfare, including a great increase in the accuracy and weight of bombing attacks, demanded dispersion. By the Second World War, it can be argued there were four different Admiralties in the country, London, Bath, and Western Approaches and Rosyth Commands. They were not quite separate, however, but functionally linked with each other and with numerous other naval establishments, to the degree one could no longer identify Admiralty headquarters geographically; instead, it existed wherever there were officials and officers who carried out Admiralty functions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: It has been recognised by life cycle assessment (LCA) practitioners that uncertainty analysis needs to be incorporated into LCA studies to improve the reliability of the results; however, case studies still report results without uncertainty. Reasons for ignoring uncertainty include resource constraints or a lack of knowledge or expertise. This paper presents a structured uncertainty management method that aims to improve uncertainty reporting in LCA. Methods: The most common uncertainty classification for LCA is parameter, model and scenario; however, multiple classifications exist in literature. The latest classification published by Igos et al. (2019) divides uncertainty into three dimensions: location, level and nature, based on previous research (Walker et al. 2003; Warmink et al. 2010). In this paper, the three-dimensional uncertainty classification is further developed for practical implementation in LCA. The classification is incorporated into an uncertainty management methodology that is divided into five steps: identification, classification, quantification or qualification, reduction and reporting, and is integrated into the iterative steps of an LCA in accordance with ISO 14044 (2006). The method is demonstrated in a tiered-hybrid case study of an Irish apartment development from cradle-to-gate that focuses on climate change. The data sources include the bill of quantities, Ecoinvent datasets, Irish input-output tables and Irish environmental accounts data. Results and discussion: The initial uncertainty assessment of the case study found that the deterministic value likely underestimates the total tonnes of carbon dioxide equivalents (t CO2-eq.) for the apartment development. The probability that the impact is greater than the deterministic value is approximately 93%, prior to uncertainty reduction. The main contributors to the total uncertainty were identified as the choice of Ecoinvent dataset, the sectoral emission intensities and the Intergovernmental Panel for Climate Change Global Warming Potentials. Therefore, work to reduce the total uncertainty should focus on identifying the most suitable dataset for the building material to reduce the input distribution for that material and on acquiring more product-specific data. Conclusions and recommendations: The developed uncertainty management method improves the way uncertainty is managed in practice in LCA case studies by providing a detailed and structured way for uncertainty to be identified, classified, measured and reported. It further identifies where resources can be focused to iteratively reduce the overall uncertainty of the results and thus improve their reliability. It is recommended that the developed method is tested across other case studies, life cycle stages and impact categories in further work. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Interpreting the landscape that surrounds us is somewhat personal. However, it is necessary to explore the interpretation made by future teachers so that we can reflect on their observations. This study collected data from five academic years of undergraduates in Early Childhood Education (N = 421), who were asked to fill out a questionnaire with different items while observing the landscape features when walking through a park. This article demonstrates for the very first time that the trend shown in childhood of not considering plants as living beings remains in the landscape perception of the university students. The students must be confronted with their own biases in interpreting the landscape so that they are aware and do not transfer these biases to their future students. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper presents the characteristics of entrepreneurial infrastructure. One of the modern ways to support small newly established enterprises, which are in a developmental life phase, and entrepreneurs is the system of technological infrastructure comprising: entrepreneurial incubators, technology centres, science parks and business zones. Those are the different organizations that help entrepreneurs to develop their business ideas and to overcome more easily the initial problems in business, for which, in a wider context, the term business incubators is used, and also the clusters related to entrepreneurs who are in an advanced phase of entrepreneurship. The paper presents the general characteristics of entrepreneurial infrastructure - clusters. In this paper, we present in the tables existing organizational forms of business infrastructure (clusters and entrepreneurs - business centers: free zones, industrial and business zones, science and technology parks, business incubators), their activities, and numerical strength in the territory of the Republic of Srpska. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The park management (PM) that evolved from the park-renewal project based on Installation-Management Permission (IMP) in Tennoji Park, a major urban park in Osaka City, Japan is evaluated herein. The PM of Tennoji Park is composed of 'hard' and 'soft' tasks. The process and characteristics of the hard tasks, i.e., the park-renewal project including the construction of a significant landmark, the lawn plaza (named 'TEN-SHIBA') and convenience facilities with various service functions are analyzed. The details and outcomes of the soft tasks including cleaning, security, and lawn/planting management plus events held on the TEN-SHIBA plaza are also clarified. The PM results and financial effects of the introduction of IMP in TEN-SHIBA are evaluated based on both the park users' characteristics obtained by a questionnaire, an observation survey of the park users, and a data analysis of the track record. Based on a comparison with Sumiyoshi Park, an urban park similar to TEN-SHIBA but without the introduction of IMP, it was found that young females were the predominant users of TEN-SHIBA, and the average staying time on the lawn plaza was 2 min. longer than that in Sumiyoshi park. Together these results suggest the effectiveness of IMP for PM based on the TEN-SHIBA experience. It also appears that placing a plaza in the center of a park and providing facilities and various events by private business operators can generate profits; this might be effective for future PM hard tasks, while various and continuous soft task efforts remain essential. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A frequently stated hallmark of certified green homes is that they are 'healthier' and provide superior thermal comfort. This usually requires increasing insulation levels from code requirements on the understanding that this will provide a warmer, drier internal environment. However this solution to 'cold and damp' housing may have unintended consequences; while highly insulated dwellings may be warm over the winter, are they still comfortable during warmest months? This study analyses 29 dwellings in Auckland, New Zealand to determine if there is any difference in the temperature and thermal comfort between three types of dwellings: newly built green certified (6-Homestar), newly built non-certified and old dwellings (pre-1978). The results show large differences between dwelling categories with the certified 6-Homestar dwellings exceeding the World Health Organisation (WHO) healthy temperature threshold 75% of the time during the warmest months of the year, resulting in predicted occupant discomfort 16% of the time. These results have significant policy implications with it apparent that not only under-heating but also overheating require specific attention in government legislation, green building rating tools and building codes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Green buildings (GBs) are gaining popularity the world over. This study investigates the criteria that determine the success of GB projects. This study employs the interpretive qualitative approach. Semistructured interviews (n = 40) across five countries were conducted with experts active in different roles in GBs. Overall, 17 success criteria and 39 subcriteria are identified. Some key success criteria are about meeting the needs of building occupants (n = 25), meeting project aspirations (n = 16), realizing sustainable building operations (n = 15), and achieving GB certifications (n = 14). The identified criteria are inquired to determine whether they are about doing the "right things," about doing "things right," or about generating value. The interrelationships among success criteria and the priorities placed on some success criteria in GB projects according to the respondents are also discussed. Theoretically, the inquiry of criteria adds depth to the understanding of building project success in general, and GB success in particular. Practically, the comprehensive list of success criteria can be used as a guide on GB projects for performance evaluation and for controlling project performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

40 New York City Department of City Planning, "Employment in New York City's Manufacturing Districts" (The City of New York, 2015), 11. 41 G. Johnson, M. Checker, S. Larson, and H. Kodali, "A Small Area Index of Gentrification, Applied to New York City" (under review, n.d.). In addition, Harlem housed five of Manhattan's eight diesel bus depots and a large NY/NJ Port Authority bus station, which meant that buses constantly traversed the neighborhood.[24] Making matters worse, the shift away from manufacturing and the 1970s recession took a severe toll on neighborhood residents. In 2018, 17% of North Shore residents lived below the poverty line, compared to the New York City rate of 13.6%.[36] North Shore residents believed that such demographics made them all but invisible to elected officials. Graph I Brownstone houses in Harlem, New York. i Based on data collected between 2009 and 2018, this essay draws primarily on ethnographic research conducted in the Harlem neighborhood of northern Manhattan and in an area known as the North Shore of Staten Island.[11] Ethnographic methods included participant observation at public meetings concerning environmental issues, at private meetings of local environmental justice organizations, and in selected neighborhood events. [Extracted from the article]

Creating memorable experiences has become one of the key success factors for the theme park business. However, few studies focused on 'visitors' memorable experiences' in the context of theme park service settings. Further research is required to understand the factors that make certain experiences as special and memorable, specifically in the context of theme parks. This study examines the role of theme park visitors' subjective experiences on their vivid memory and loyalty. Results revealed that theme park visitors' service experience impacts visitor loyalty through vivid memory. Each dimension (hedonics, peace of mind, involvement, and recognition) of service experience significantly influences vivid memory and loyalty. The study's conclusions provide valuable implications for theme park managers in terms of designing and creating memorable experiences for visitors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]