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Cette étude a été menée dans le but d'étudier l'effet d'un engrais biologique fabriqué à partir de matériaux de biocharbon mélangés avec des débris végétaux et du guano, ainsi que des variétés de haricots nains (Phaseolus vulgaris), sur le rendement et la rentabilité économique sur un sol acido-sableux. L'essai a été installé à Mahabo selon un dispositif split-plot avec trois répétitions. Le facteur principal comprenait la variété lingot blanc et nombril de bonne soeur tandis que le facteur secondaire, l’apport d’engrais biologique à la dose croissante, était constitué de sept niveaux : LT00 : témoin (sans engrais), LT5 (5g de l’engrais biologique), LT10 (10g de l’engrais biologique), LT15 (15g de l’engrais biologique), LT20 (20g de l’engrais biologique), LT25 (25g de l’engrais biologique), LT30 (30g de l’engrais biologique). Les observations ont porté sur les paramètres de rendement est influencé par l’effet variété et traitement (la variété nombril de bonne soeur produisant un rendement moyen de 3848.56 kg. ha-1 supérieurs à celui de la variété lingot blanc de 3461.11 kg.ha-1, et la rentabilité économique de valeur du RVC supérieur à 1 à partir de la dose 5g de l’engrais biologique à base de biochar. En ce qui concerne l'état morphologique des plantes, une nuance de couleur verte intense avec des pieds faiblement attaqués par les ennemis du haricot a été observée. En conclusion, l’utilisation de cet engrais semble être une solution agro-économique rentable qui permet de réactiver le fonctionnement du sol à produire mieux tout en préservant l’environnement.

Copyright of Environnement, Risques & Santé is the property of John Libbey Eurotext Ltd. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Les traitements de fond biologiques (bDMARD) occupent une place prépondérante dans la prise en charge de la spondylarthrite. Après l'obtention d'une rémission durable ou d'un faible niveau d'activité sous bDMARD, il est possible de maintenir cet état en réduisant la posologie de ces biothérapies. Les études démontrent de manière constante la non-infériorité de la décroissance des anti-TNF par rapport à la poursuite du traitement à pleine dose pour le maintien de la réponse thérapeutique mais les données disponibles sur la décroissance des inhibiteurs de l'interleukine-17 (anti-IL-17) sont rares. L'arrêt des anti-TNF et des anti-IL-17 expose toutefois les patients à un risque élevé de rechute et ne devrait pas être recommandé actuellement. Les bénéfices des schémas de décroissance et d'arrêt thérapeutique en matière de sécurité n'ont pas été clairement démontrés, les études n'étant généralement pas conçues pour évaluer cet aspect. Les données actuelles ne privilégient aucun protocole spécifique de décroissance ou d'arrêt mais le recours à un régime progressif ajusté sur l'activité de la maladie dans le cadre d'une approche plus personnalisée doit être encouragé. Des recherches supplémentaires seront nécessaires afin de clarifier ce qui constitue un « état acceptable de la maladie » pour entreprendre une décroissance ou un arrêt thérapeutique. Par ailleurs, aucun facteur prédictif fiable du succès de la décroissance ou de l'arrêt des traitements n'a encore été identifié. Une reprise évolutive du rhumatisme est possible après décroissance ou arrêt thérapeutique mais la réintroduction du bDMARD initial permet, dans la grande majorité des cas, de récupérer le contrôle de la maladie. Enfin, la plupart des patients se disent favorables à l'instauration de la décroissance lorsque préalablement informés des raisons et de l'intérêt de cette démarche. L'allégement et l'arrêt des traitements doivent faire l'objet d'une prise de décision partagée afin d'en améliorer les chances de succès. Biological disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (bDMARDs) have taken up an important role in the management of axial spondyloarthritis. Once stable remission or low disease activity has been achieved with bDMARDs, it may be possible to maintain this state with lower levels of these drugs. Studies consistently demonstrate that tapering of tumor necrosis factor alpha inhibitors (TNFi) is not inferior to full-dose continuation in terms of maintaining treatment response, while data for tapering of interleukin-17 inhibitors (IL-17i) is lacking. Complete discontinuation of TNFi and IL-17i, however, often results in relapse and should not be recommended at this moment. Clear safety benefits of tapering or discontinuation have not been shown, although studies were typically not designed to address this. Current evidence does not support specific tapering or discontinuation strategies, although stepwise disease activity-guided regimens do allow for a more personalized approach and might be preferred. The definition of what constitutes an appropriate disease state to initiate tapering or discontinuation is unclear, and requires further study. Also, reliable predictors of successful tapering and discontinuation have not yet been identified. Fortunately, if tapering or discontinuation fails, most patients are able to regain disease control when reverted to the original bDMARD regimen. Finally, most patients indicate that, when asked, they would be willing to try tapering if the rationale is clear and if it is in their best interests. The decision to taper or discontinue should be made through shared decision-making, as this could improve the likelihood of success. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Canadian Journal of Plant Science is the property of Canadian Science Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Late blight caused by Phytophthora infestans is a serious threat to potato production. Currently, solutions to manage late blight in organic systems are scarce. This study was undertaken to evaluate the effect of selenium (Se) on plant emergence from seed pre-treated with Se and the seed decay pathogens Pectobacterium carotovorum ssp. carotovorum and Fusarium sambucinum, and on foliar potato late blight following inoculation with P. infestans and foliar treatment with Se. The potential modes of action of Se were also evaluated. Following inoculation of the seed decay pathogens on potato seed pre-treated with different rates of Se, plant emergence was not affected by Se treatment. By pre-treating potato seed with different Se rates, and applying different foliar Se rates on potato plants subsequently inoculated with the late blight pathogen in a greenhouse setting, we showed that foliar Se application alone or combined with Se seed treatment reduced the severity and incidence of late blight, and activated the production of secondary metabolites in potato leaves and tubers. Further, in vitro studies showed that Se directly inhibited the mycelial growth of P. infestans and other important plant pathogens, including Fusarium graminearum and Sclerotinia sclerotiorum. The data suggest that Se acts as an inducer of plant defences, while also inhibiting fungal growth. The study highlights the potential of Se for managing late blight, and suggests that its application could contribute to improving plant health in greenhouse production systems by helping to control diseases caused by P. infestans, F. graminearum and S. sclerotiorum. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Canadian Journal of Plant Science is the property of Canadian Science Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

To respond to the demand of organic products for feed (oilmeals, protein crops) and food (oil, dry pulses), organic oilseed and protein crops surfaces are increasing rapidly in France. Terres Univia, the interbranch organisation which represents French oilseed and oil fruit sector and French high protein crops sector interests, carried out a comprehensive 2-year survey in 2016 and 2017 on the different actors of the organic production chain from the collectors to feed and food users. The study showed that organic sector was, at this time, well organized but that it had to face some challenges to meet up with the scale up of organic sectors. Collectors must ensure outlets and prices for producers, accompanying the choice and technical management of production crops. They need to reach a better matched between offer and demand to reduce their logistic cost by, for example, contracting with the producers and the users. Crushers must ensure their cost-effectiveness by enhancing the valuation of co-products (meals for rapeseed and sunflower, oil for soya) and improve their economies of scale. They also strongly rely on grain imports because of a lack of French supplies (rapeseed and soybean particularly). As for feed manufacturers, the new organic regulation for January 2022 brings even more constraints to reach the nutritional need for monogastric. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Organic Soybean cultivation experiences an upscale at the moment in Switzerland. As in the rest of Europe, Switzerland is still heavily dependent on protein imports. After years of stakeholders efforts of the development of a value chain for organic soybeans for human nutrition, various attempts to develop the soybean cultivation for feed proved to be fruitful despite the fact that Swiss price level is beyond competition for world market prices. The organic farmers themselves decided to become, at least partially, more independent from overseas soybean imports by opting for organic soybeans of European origin since 2019. Furthermore, Bio Suisse decided that from 2022 on, all ruminants under Bio Suisse certification must be fed with feed of Swiss origin, concentrates are limited to 5% of the ration. Since many years numerous projects are carried out to increase the domestic protein production by developing suitable production systems for peas, faba beans, lupines and soybeans with stakholders along the value chain. Since more than 30 years, Swiss breeders successfully develop 00 to 000 soybean varieties with a focus on human nutrition, organic soybean cultivation and the respective value chains from breeding to endproduct is developing strongly. This article will shed light on particular aspects and drivers, specific measures, relevant projects and cultivation techniques of organic soybean production in Switzerland in the past years and will give an outlook on the future of organic soybeans. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Colon & Rectum is the property of Lavoisier and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Canadian Journal of Plant Science is the property of Canadian Science Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Canadian Journal of Plant Science is the property of Canadian Science Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Canadian Journal of Plant Science is the property of Canadian Science Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Résumé Objectif Les traitements anti-TNF sont utilisés dans la prise en charge du rhumatisme psoriasique (RP). Cependant, les données sont peu nombreuses concernant leur maintien dans le rhumatisme psoriasique dans les conditions de pratique clinique quotidienne. Le but de cette étude était d’évaluer les taux de maintien thérapeutique du premier au troisième rang de séquence thérapeutique de DMARD biologique dans le rhumatisme psoriasique et d’évaluer les bénéfices de l’association à un DMARD conventionnel synthétique. Méthodes Soixante-dix-huit patients naïfs de DMARD biologique, porteurs d’un rhumatisme psoriasique, ont été inclus dans cette étude rétrospective. Les taux de maintien thérapeutique ont été évalués par la méthode d’analyse de survie de Kaplan-Meier. Résultats L’âge et la durée moyenne d’évolution des symptômes étaient respectivement de 47,8 et 6,7 années. Parmi les patients, 51,3 % étaient de sexe féminin. Le taux de maintien thérapeutique à 12 mois pour le premier anti-TNF employé était de 72 % sans aucune différence significative entre les 3 anti-TNF. L’association à un DMARD conventionnel synthétique n’augmentait pas de manière significative le taux de maintien thérapeutique du premier anti-TNF. Le taux de maintien du deuxième anti-TNF était significativement inférieur à celui du premier anti-TNF (respectivement 62 % vs 72 %, p = 0,03). Le taux de maintien à 12 mois du troisième anti-TNF n’était pas significativement différent de celui du deuxième anti-TNF. L’échec secondaire était la cause principale de suspension thérapeutique du premier anti-TNF (28,2 %). Conclusions Le taux de maintien à 12 mois du premier anti-TNF employé dans le rhumatisme psoriasique est élevé, mais est inférieur pour le deuxième et troisième DMARD biologique. Nos données suggèrent l’absence de bénéfice de l’association à un DMARD conventionnel synthétique dans le traitement du rhumatisme psoriasique. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Canadian Journal of Plant Science is the property of Canadian Science Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Canadian Journal of Plant Science is the property of Canadian Science Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Animal Genetic Resources is the property of Cambridge University Press and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The article discusses the role of nurses with respect to disgust and taboos surrounding illnesses and hospital patients. Topics include the concept that nurses must reject disgust in the context of their daily work, the crossover of experiences between nurses' public and private lives, and the cultural mediation of the medical field and its practitioners.

Droughts are one of the world's most significant natural hazards. They have major impacts on the economy, environment, health and society. In 2001 and 2002, many regions within Canada experienced unprecedented drought conditions, or conditions unseen for at least 100 years in some regions. This article draws upon a national assessment of this drought with particular attention to its implications for the agriculture and water sectors, although some attention is also devoted to other sectors. The study's methodology involves a comprehensive inter-disciplinary, cause–effect integrated framework as a basis to explore the characteristics of drought and the associated biological and physical impacts and socio-economic consequences. Numerous primary and secondary sources of data were used, including public and semi-public sources such as Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Environment Canada, Statistics Canada, Crop Insurance Corporations and provincial governments, as well as phone interviews, focus groups, print media surveys and economic modelling. Evidence indicates that the risk of drought is increasing as demands for food and water relentlessly climb and the manifestations of climate change become more apparent. The key to better dealing with drought lies in taking the steps necessary to enhance our adaptive capacity and decrease vulnerability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Tropical Conservation Science is the property of Sage Publications Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Abstract: Today, we live under the reign of the “brain” and brain imaging. The first part of this article raises questions about interpreting brain anomalies observed with imaging, and understanding this phenomenon. It seems more prudent, concerning brain-imaging results, to think in terms of bio-psycho-environmental interaction rather than linear causality. One can think that brain imaging is reassuring because it gives concrete visualizable results, which seemingly brings objectivity and control facing incomprehensible and uncontrollable behaviors. The question is to know to what extent one should use such difficult invasive techniques in order to get reassurance through concrete results. The second part of the article emphasizes the interest of subjectivity concerning evaluation as well as general research methodology. Subjectivity is related to a dynamic relation and allows, if taken into account and analysed, one to work on the possible meaning(s) of the symptoms, including identification of the circumstances in which the symptoms appear. The third part of the article proposes to understand better the links between the psychic realm (desires, beliefs, emotions...), which is related to subjectivity and our humanity, and the biology of the organic substrate (molecules, neurons, neurotransmitters...), which offers measurable, quantifiable, reproducible and apparently objective data. Finally, the interests of an integrated psychodynamic and biological approach applied to the study of normal and pathological development in child and adolescent are presented. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]