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Leptospirosis is a typical zoonosis with natural nidalily, and its occurrence in the climatic conditions of the Czech Republic is sporadic, with a normal incidence of about 0.3 cases per 100000 inhabitants. In 1997 and 2002, however, the incidence of leptospirosis has been influenced by natural phenomena, catastrophic floods, which increased the numbers of serologically diagnosed and registered cases three times. In 1997 a total of 7156 subjects in the Czech Republic were examined for a leptospirosis, and the disease was diagnosed and registered in 94 of them.