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Laparoscopic resection of colon cancer in the elderly is one of the common surgical operations, but hypothermia during operation is very harmful to elderly patients undergoing laparoscopic colon cancer surgery. Even the occurrence of mild hypothermia will cause significant damage to patients. This article reviews studies about the effect of hypothermia on the elderly patients, the causes of hypothermia and perioperative nursing measures, and provide reference for improving perioperative nursing quality and surgical safety of laparoscopic resection of colon cancer in the elderly. (老年腹腔镜结肠癌切除术是外科常见的手术之一, 但术中低体温会对老年患者手术安全造成严重影响, 即便是轻度低体温的发生, 也会给患者造成不可忽视的损伤。本文针对低体温对机体的影响、发生的原因及围手术期护理措施进行综述, 旨在为提升腹腔镜结肠癌切除围手术期护理质量和确保老年患者手术安全提供参考。)

This paper summarized the perioperative nursing management for a patient who underwent surgical excision of Adrenocortical adenoma. Comprehensive interventions including preoperative preparation, postoperative vital signs observation, appropriate catheter maintenance, prevention of complications were carried out to reduce the surgical risks, relieve mental stress and pain, and improve the recovery of the patient. (本文总结1例肾上腺皮质腺瘤切除术患者的围手术期护理经验。通过完善术前准备, 术后严密观察病情, 妥善维护管路, 积极预防并发症, 减少手术风险, 缓解患者心理压力和疼痛, 促进患者康复。)

Motivation Understanding causal effects is a fundamental goal of science and underpins our ability to make accurate predictions in unseen settings and conditions. While direct experimentation is the gold standard for measuring and validating causal effects, the field of causal graph theory offers a tantalizing alternative: extracting causal insights from observational data. Theoretical analysis has shown that this is indeed possible, given a large dataset and if certain conditions are met. However, biological datasets, frequently, do not meet such requirements but evaluation of causal discovery algorithms is typically performed on synthetic datasets, which they meet all requirements. Thus, real-life datasets are needed, in which the causal truth is reasonably known. In this work we first construct such a large-scale real-life dataset and then we perform on it a comprehensive benchmarking of various causal discovery methods. Results We find that the PC algorithm is particularly accurate at estimating causal structure, including the causal direction which is critical for biological applicability. However, PC does only produces cause-effect directionality, but not estimates of causal effects. We propose PC-NOTEARS (PCnt), a hybrid solution, which includes the PC output as an additional constraint inside the NOTEARS optimization. This approach combines PC algorithm's strengths in graph structure prediction with the NOTEARS continuous optimization to estimate causal effects accurately. PCnt achieved best aggregate performance across all structural and effect size metrics. Availability and implementation https://github.com/zhu-yh1/PC-NOTEARS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Clarifying the spatiotemporal changes in the supply and demand relationship of ecosystem services (ESs) is essential for optimizing ESs management. However, several studies have reported the ESs supply and demand risk in complex mountainous areas. In this study, we quantitatively analyzed the spatiotemporal variation in ESs supply, demand, and their trade-off and synergy, including water yield, soil conservation, and food provision in the Bailongjiang watershed (BLJW) in western China. The results showed that the total supply and demand of water-yield and soil-conservation services rose with a surplus from 2002 to 2018, except for food provision. A high value characterizes the water-yield and soil-conservation supply in the south, but there are low values in the east BLJW. The spatial distribution of water and food supply–demand featured a high demand in the subareas with population aggregation. Soil-conservation demand is high in the northwest and south of Wudu. The dominant spatial matching type of supply and demand in water yield was a high supply with a low demand. Soil conservation was associated with a low supply and low demand, and food provision with a high supply and increased demand. A synergy existed between water yield and soil conservation. Trade-offs existed between water yield, food provision, and soil conservation. The spatial distribution of trade-off intensity showed distinctive patterns. The supply–demand ratio of WY and SC decreased with the increasing trade-off intensity. This study comprehensively considers ES and supply–demand conflicts, thus providing a new perspective and approach for enhancing ecosystem services and high-quality regional development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Glycogen synthase kinase beta (GSK3β) plays an important role in skeletal muscle growth, regeneration, and repair. However, the mechanism of GSK3β regulating MyHC2a expression is currently not clear. In this study, GSK3β inhibition promoted skeletal muscle satellite cells (SMSCs) differentiation and increased expression of MyoD, MyoG, MyHC1, and MyHC2a genes. Then we cloned approximately 1.1 kb of goat MyHC2a gene promoter. The deletion fragment (−514/+55) of MyHC2a promoter exhibited the highest level of promoter activity, and a NFATc2 element in this region was responsible for MyHC2a promoter activity. Treatment of SB216713 significantly decreased the transcriptional activity of the fragment (−514/+55). Furthermore, GSK3β inhibition had no effect on the luciferase activity of MyHC2a promoter after mutating the NFATc2‐binding site. These results demonstrated that GSK3β inhibition promoted SMSCs differentiation and regulated the MyHC2a gene expression through NFATc2 in goat‐differentiated SMSCs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) play an important role in the thermogenesis and energy storage of brown adipose tissue (BAT). However, knowledge of the cellular transition from BAT to white adipose tissue (WAT) and the potential role of lncRNAs in goat adipose tissue remains largely unknown. In this study, we analyzed the transformation from BAT to WAT using histological and uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1) gene analyses. Brown adipose tissue mainly existed within the goat perirenal fat at 1 day and there was obviously a transition from BAT to WAT from 1 day to 1 year. The RNA libraries constructed from the perirenal adipose tissues of 1 day, 30 days, and 1 year goats were sequenced. A total number of 21,232 lncRNAs from perirenal fat were identified, including 5393 intronic-lncRNAs and 3546 antisense-lncRNAs. Furthermore, a total of 548 differentially expressed lncRNAs were detected across three stages (fold change ≥ 2.0, false discovery rate (FDR) < 0.05), and six lncRNAs were validated by qPCR. Furthermore, trans analysis found lncRNAs that were transcribed close to 890 protein-coding genes. Additionally, a coexpression network suggested that 4519 lncRNAs and 5212 mRNAs were potentially in trans-regulatory relationships (r > 0.95 or r < −0.95). In addition, Gene ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analyses showed that the targeted genes were involved in the biosynthesis of unsaturated fatty acids, fatty acid elongation and metabolism, the citrate cycle, oxidative phosphorylation, the mitochondrial respiratory chain complex, and AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) signaling pathways. The present study provides a comprehensive catalog of lncRNAs involved in the transformation from BAT to WAT and provides insight into understanding the role of lncRNAs in goat brown adipogenesis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Tuberculosis (TB) is caused by infection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Host genetic variability is an important determinant of the risk of developing TB in humans. Although the association between MBL2 polymorphisms and TB has been studied in various populations, the results are controversial. In this study four functional single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs, H/L, X/Y, P/Q and A/B) across the MBL2 gene were genotyped by direct DNA sequencing of PCR products in a case-control population of Chinese Han origin, consisting of 1,020 patients with pulmonary TB and 1,020 controls. We found that individuals carrying variant allele at A/B (namely BB or AB genotypes) was associated with increased susceptibility to TB (odds ratios [OR] = 1.57, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.30-1.91, P = 1.3 × 10−6). Additionally, LYPB haplotype showed a significant association with increased risk of TB (OR = 1.54, 95% CI 1.27-1.87, P = 4.2 × 10−6; global haplotype association P = 3.5 × 10−5). Furthermore, individuals bearing low- or medium- MBL expression haplotype pairs had an increased risk of TB (OR = 1.56, 95% CI 1.29-1.90, P = 1.4 × 10−6). Thus, the reduced expression of functional MBL secondary to having MBL2 variants may partially mediate the increased susceptibility to TB risk. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • Clear spatial changes in ecosystem services (ESs) and their relationships were found. • Apparent differences of dynamic correlation between ESs pairs were revealed. • Land-use, agriculture and husbandry are critical for mountainous ESs. • An integrated landscape functional zoning method was developed based on ES bundles. Managing ecosystem service (ES) bundles to synergize their benefits is a crucial but challenging task for landscape planning and sustainable development. However, few studies have focused on ES bundles for landscape management in complex mountainous social–ecological systems. In this study, we quantified four ESs, food supply, soil conservation, water conservation, and habitat quality, in the Bailongjiang watershed (BLJW) in western China by using multi-source geospatial data and related ecological and societal information from 1990 to 2016. We found significant spatial and temporal changes in ES patterns and their relationships measured in 1990, 2002, 2010, and 2016. We found both strong positive and negative relationships (P < 0.01) among ESs in the four time-intervals. The BLJW was divided into five landscape functional zones by the newly integrated method to link ES bundles and social–ecological indicators for landscape management. Land use, population density, agriculture, and animal husbandry were found to have greatly affected the ES pattern and the comprehensive ecosystem service benefit of the BLJW. We suggest governing the mountainous social–ecological system with the goal of building a watershed community of common destiny with a shared future for ESs and for integrated landscape management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]