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Humic acid modified biochar (CSB-HA) was prepared using corn stover-based biochar (CSB) loaded with humic acid for the adsorption of Mn2+ from the soil leachate in the mining area and its adsorption characteristics were analyzed. With the help of SEM, BET, XRD, XPS and FT-IR, the prepared samples were characterized and analyzed. The results show that the specific surface area of CSB-HA is 7.911 m2/g, which is 1.98 times that of CSB, and the pores are mostly mesoporous. The excellent pore structure provides a large number of adsorption sites and promotes the contact with pollutants, so that the adsorption performance is enhanced. The surface of CSB-HA is enriched with the oxygen-containing functional groups such as C=O, O=C—O and —COOH, and the oxygen atoms in the functional groups can be complexed and coordinated with heavy metal ions to form a stable ligand bond, thus removing Mn2+. The maximum adsorption of Mn2+ by CSB-HA is 21.493 mg/g, and the quasi-primary kinetic model, quasi-secondary kinetic model, Langmuir isotherm and Temkin isotherm can fit the adsorption process well, and the Temkin constant bkid2=0.287), and the fitted lines do not pass through the origin, so that the intra-particle diffusion stage is the key stage of the adsorption process for controlling the rate. In the thermodynamic simulations, the separation coefficients RL are in the range of 0.4−0.6, ΔH=15.41 kJ/mol>0, and ΔG is negative and decreases with increasing temperature, indicating that the adsorption process is reversible and spontaneous heat absorption, and the adsorption reaction can be facilitated by warming up. ΔS=49.90 J/(mol·K)>0, which proves that the solid-liquid interface stoichiometry increases during the adsorption process. The simulated adsorption experiments on leaching solution show that CSB-HA has a good adsorption effect on Mn2+ and a regulating effect on the pH of leaching solution.

ObjectiveTo investigate and analyze the public health status of escape room-style venues in Yangpu District， Shanghai.MethodsReferring to the hygiene standards and testing methods for public places， an investigation of the current situation and environmental monitoring were conducted in 15 escape room-style venues in Yangpu District， which involved exploring the changes in physical， chemical， and microbial indicators before and after the game.ResultsThe hygiene condition of escape room-style venues in Yangpu District was generally good， with all 19 monitoring indicators not exceeding the indoor standards. The indoor carbon dioxide （CO2） and formaldehyde concentrations increased significantly after the game but did not exceed the standards.ConclusionThe hygiene condition of escape room-style venues in Yangpu District is good. However， potential public health risks were identified in four aspects： site selection and design， length of the game， cross-contamination， and training and management.

Lung cancer is one of the most common malignant tumors in the world, of which non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is the majority. The emergence of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) has greatly changed the treatment strategy of NSCLC and improved the prognosis of patients. However, in reality, only a small number of patients can achieve long-term benefit. Therefore, the identification of reliable predictive biomarkers is essential for the selection of treatment modalities. With the development of molecular biology and genome sequencing technology in recent years, as well as the in-depth understanding of tumor and its host immune microenvironment, research on biomarkers has emerged in an endless stream. This review focuses on the predictive biomarkers of immunotherapy efficacy in NSCLC, in order to provide some guidance for precision immunotherapy.

Current vehicle carbon emission models tend to ignore the influence of road roughness on driving speed selection, which may damage the carbon emission evaluation accuracy. In this study, first, based on the results obtained with a portable emissions measurement system (PEMS), an explicit model for user vehicle carbon emissions, driving speed, and pavement roughness is established. Second, the influence of road roughness on driver behavior choice is investigated, and an interrelationship model between roughness and driving speed choice is developed. Finally, a more realistic carbon emission calculation model during the operation period is proposed based on the pavement performance model, and the accuracy is verified in comparison with the traditional vehicle operating cost (VOC) model. It is found that there exists a carbon emission minimization point under free-flow conditions, and the corresponding driving speed is the optimal speed point of user vehicles, i.e. 63 km/h. In addition, a great linear correlation exists between the roughness and driving speed selection, which should be considered in the final calculation model. The vehicle carbon emission model developed in this research provides solid references for evaluating the life-cycle emission of asphalt pavement and guiding the selection of maintenance strategies for the pavement to lower carbon emissions.

Abstract Atmospheric rivers (ARs) reaching high-latitudes in summer contribute to the majority of climatological poleward water vapor transport into the Arctic. This transport has exhibited long term changes over the past decades, which cannot be entirely explained by anthropogenic forcing according to ensemble model responses. Here, through observational analyses and model experiments in which winds are adjusted to match observations, we demonstrate that low-frequency, large-scale circulation changes in the Arctic play a decisive role in regulating AR activity and thus inducing the recent upsurge of this activity in the region. It is estimated that the trend in summertime AR activity may contribute to 36% of the increasing trend of atmospheric summer moisture over the entire Arctic since 1979 and account for over half of the humidity trends in certain areas experiencing significant recent warming, such as western Greenland, northern Europe, and eastern Siberia. This indicates that AR activity, mostly driven by strong synoptic weather systems often regarded as stochastic, may serve as a vital mechanism in regulating long term moisture variability in the Arctic.

【Background and Objective】 Pressure regulators (PR) are an indispensable component in irrigation systems, particularly in large-scale hilly terrain, ensuring precise water distribution and system efficiency. The performance of PRs heavily relies on the parameters of their internal springs, yet their design requires refinement. This paper aims to propose an efficient and accurate method for rapid design of the pressure regulator springs. 【Method】 The method was based on CFD by using an adaptive mesh technology to construct a model for solving for the spring parameters. We developed a model to determine the spring parameters, by using the PR with a cup-shaped moving part as the case study. We established a comprehensive spring parameter design process and devised a rapid design method based on the force balance principles and Hooke's law. In the numerical model, the outlet pressure was meticulously set to meet specific preset pressure specifications, ensuring design precision. Various inlet boundaries were designed to control the regulating range and ensure stable pressure regulation. Additionally, convergence conditions were established to guarantee that applicable flow rates met design requirements. By configuring appropriate boundary and convergence conditions, our method facilitates efficient spring parameter configuration and achieves multi-objective optimization. 【Result】 ①The absolute error of the design outcomes was less than 2%. ② For a fixed-structure PR, the preload of the configured spring exhibited a positive correlation with the design preset pressure value. However, the relationship between spring stiffness and precompression length with the preset design pressure value was more complicated. When the design PR preset pressure was determined, the preload force of the spring was inversely linearly correlated to the pressure-adjusting cross-sectional height and the water pressure area upstream of the moving part, and was linearly correlated to the water pressure area downstream of the moving part. The interaction effect of PR structural parameters on spring preload force was not significant, but there was a notable interaction effect on spring stiffness and compression length. 【Conclusion】 The proposed method can circumvent the issues associated with the traditional pressure regulator design and can thus be used as an improved method for PR spring design.

Schizophrenia is a chronic mental disorder that often co-occurs with weight gain issues, which impacts medication adherence and symptom recovery in patients, and increases the risk of metabolic and cardiovascular diseases. However, the specific mechanism of weight gain in the patients with schizophrenia remains incompletely understood. Potential factors include increased appetite and abnormal glucose and lipid metabolism due to the effects of antipsychotic drugs on multiple neurotransmitter receptors, shared pathogenesis between schizophrenia and obesity, and unhealthy dietary preferences and lifestyles among the patients with schizophrenia. In recent years, the progress in non-pharmacological interventions in the treatment of weight gain in schizophrenia has been continuously updated, which mainly includes lifestyle interventions, bariatric surgery and neuromodulation technology. Lifestyle interventions include diet, exercises and cognition, and the effectiveness of comprehensive lifestyle intervention models and compliance of patients have become the mainstream of research. Bariatric surgery has a weight loss effect on obese patients with schizophrenia who meet the surgical indications, but the total number of reported cases is still small, and further exploration of perioperative symptom management is needed. In neuromodulation technologies, repeated transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) appears to be promising in the treatment of weight gain in the patients with schizophrenia. The aim of this article is to provide more diversified clinical strategies for the treatment of weight gain in schizophrenia.

Perivascular adipose tissue (PVAT) is a unique fat depot surrounding blood vessels and plays a vital role in the progression of vascular remodeling and dysfunction. PVAT exhibits remarkable differences in structure, phenotype, origin, and secretome across anatomical locations. The proximity of PVAT to neighboring vascular beds favors a niche for bidirectional communication between adipocytes and vascular smooth muscle cells, endothelial cells, and immune cells. In this review, we update our understanding of PVAT’s regional differences and provide a comprehensive exploration of how these differences impact cross-talks between PVAT and the vascular wall. Different PVAT depots show different degrees of vasoprotective function and resilience to pathological changes such as obesity and vasculopathies, shaping multifaceted interactions between PVAT depots and adjacent vasculatures. The depot-specific resilience may lead to innovative strategies to manage cardiometabolic disorders.

As indispensable parts of greenhouses and plant factories, agricultural covering films play a prominent role in regulating microclimate environments. Polyethylene covering films directly transmit the full solar spectrum. However, this high level of sunlight transmission may be inappropriate or even harmful for crops with specific photothermal requirements. Modern greenhouses are integrated with agricultural covering materials, heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) systems, and smart irrigation and communication technologies to maximize planting efficiency. This review provides insight into the photothermal requirements of crops and ways to meet these requirements, including new materials based on passive radiative cooling and light scattering, simulations to evaluate the energy consumption and environmental conditions in a greenhouse, and data mining to identify key biological growth factors and thereby improve new covering films. Finally, future challenges and directions for photothermal-management agricultural films are elaborated on to bridge the gap between lab-scale research and large-scale practical applications.

Canopy temperature strongly influences crop yield formation and is closely related to plant physiological traits. However, the effects of nitrogen treatment on canopy temperature and rice growth have yet to be comprehensively examined. We conducted a two-year field experiment with three rice varieties (HD-5, NJ-9108, and YJ-805) and three nitrogen treatments (zero-N control (CK), 200 kg ha−1 (MN), and 300 kg ha−1 (HN)). We measured canopy temperature using a drone equipped with a high-precision camera at the six stages of the growth period. Generally, canopy temperature was significantly higher for CK than for MN and HN during the tillering, jointing, booting, and heading stages. The temperature was not significantly different among the nitrogen treatments between the milky and waxy stages. The canopy temperature of different rice varieties was found to follow the order: HD-5>NJ-9108>YJ-805, but the difference was not significant. The canopy temperature of rice was mainly related to plant traits, such as shoot fresh weight (correlation coefficient r=–0.895), plant water content (–0.912), net photosynthesis (–0.84), stomatal conductance (–0.91), transpiration rate (–0.90), and leaf stomatal area (–0.83). A structural equation model (SEM) showed that nitrogen fertilizer was an important factor affecting the rice canopy temperature. Our study revealed: (1) A suite of plant traits was associated with the nitrogen effects on canopy temperature, (2) the heading stage was the best time to observe rice canopy temperature, and (3) at that stage, canopy temperature was negatively correlated with rice yield, panicle number, and grain number per panicle. This study suggests that canopy temperature can be a convenient and accurate indicator of rice growth and yield prediction.

Laser Powder Bed Fusion (LPBF) is a promising metal additive manufacturing technology based on layer by layer powder spreading, and powder bed uniformity has a great influence on the forming quality. By Discrete Element Method and powder spreading experiment, the interaction and movement between powder were studied during powder spreading, including powder jamming, rebound, splash, eddy, and empty powder area. Additionally, five kinds of powder spreading schemes were explored, and the new process of one-way reciprocating with tri-splint blade was designed to change the motion state of powder spreading from “blade pushing powder” to “blade holding powder.” By increasing the distance between the blade and the working platform form 0 to 20 µm with the distance between the upper surface of the substrate and the working platform 50 µm, defects such as powder splash and empty powder decreased. And the uniform powder bed of aluminum alloy powder was achieved with the new process of one-way reciprocating with tri-splint blade structure.

The adult mammalian cardiomyocyte has a limited capacity for self-renewal, which leads to the irreversible heart dysfunction and poses a significant threat to myocardial infarction patients. In the past decades, research efforts have been predominantly concentrated on the cardiomyocyte proliferation and heart regeneration. However, the heart is a complex organ that comprises not only cardiomyocytes but also numerous noncardiomyocyte cells, all playing integral roles in maintaining cardiac function. In addition, cardiomyocytes are exposed to a dynamically changing physical environment that includes oxygen saturation and mechanical forces. Recently, a growing number of studies on myocardial microenvironment in cardiomyocyte proliferation and heart regeneration is ongoing. In this review, we provide an overview of recent advances in myocardial microenvironment, which plays an important role in cardiomyocyte proliferation and heart regeneration.

MicroRNAs have been studied extensively in neurodegenerative diseases. In a previous study, miR-153 promoted neural differentiation and projection formation in mouse hippocampal HT-22 cells. However, the pathways and molecular mechanism underlying miR-153-induced neural differentiation remain unclear. To explore the molecular mechanism of miR-153 on neural differentiation, we performed RNA sequencing on miR-153-overexpressed HT-22 cells. Based on RNA sequencing, differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and pathways in miR-153-overexpressed cells were identified. The Database for Annotation, Visualization and Integrated Discovery and Gene Set Enrichment Analysis were used to perform functional annotation and enrichment analysis of DEGs. Targetscan predicted the targets of miR-153. The Search Tool for the Retrieval of Interacting Genes and Cytoscape, were used to construct protein-protein interaction networks and identify hub genes. Q-PCR was used to detect mRNA expression of the identified genes. The expression profiles of the identified genes were compared between embryonic days 9.5 (E9.5) and E11.5 in the embryotic mouse brain of the GDS3442 dataset. Cell Counting Kit-8 assay was used to determine cell proliferation and cellular susceptibility to amyloid β-protein (Aβ) toxicity in miR-153-overexpressed cells. The results indicated that miR-153 increased cell adhesion/Ca2+ (Cdh5, Nrcam, and P2rx4) and Bdnf/Ntrk2 neurotrophic signaling pathway, and decreased ion channel activity (Kcnc3, Kcna4, Clcn5, and Scn5a). The changes in the expression of the identified genes in miR-153-overexpressed cells were consistent with the expression profile of GDS3442 during neural differentiation. In addition, miR-153 overexpression decreased cellular susceptibility to Aβ toxicity in HT-22 cells. In conclusion, miR-153 overexpression may promote neural differentiation by inducing cell adhesion and the Bdnf/Ntrk2 pathway, and regulating electrophysiological maturity by targeting ion channels. MiR-153 may play an important role in neural differentiation; the findings provide a useful therapeutic direction for neurodegenerative diseases.

The objective of this work is to develop a novel myoelectric pattern recognition (MPR) method to mitigate the concurrent interference of electrode shift and loosening, thereby improving the practicality of MPR-based gestural interfaces towards intelligent control. A Siamese auto-encoder network (SAEN) was established to learn robust feature representations against random occurrences of both electrode shift and loosening. The SAEN model was trained with a variety of shifted-view and masked-view feature maps, which were simulated through feature transformation operated on the original feature maps. Specifically, three mean square error (MSE) losses were devised to warrant the trained model’s capability in adaptive recovery of any given interfered data. The SAEN was deployed as an independent feature extractor followed by a common support vector machine acting as the classifier. To evaluate the effectiveness of the proposed method, an eight-channel armband was adopted to collect surface electromyography (EMG) signals from nine subjects performing six gestures. Under the condition of concurrent interference, the proposed method achieved the highest classification accuracy in both offline and online testing compared to five common methods, with statistical significance (p

As a typical strongly correlated transition oxide, vanadium dioxide (VO2) based nanomaterials have drawn many research attentions these years due to the giant metal-to-insulator phase transition (MIPT) at around 68 °C. However, due to the complexities of the V–O system and interplays between various vanadium oxide phases, the synthesis of high-quality VO2 nanopowders is still fraught with many challenges, especially in air atmosphere. In this paper, we report a novel air atmosphere available liquid-shielding synthesis method for thermochromic VO2 nanoparticles, by using low-eutectic molten-salt (LiCl–KCl) as the liquid-state air-insulation medium at elevated temperature and high-pressure pressed VOSO4–KCl pillars immersed in these liquid salts as the precursor. Small amounts of glucose are added to introduce a slight reductive environment, and well dispersed VO2 nanoparticles with excellent thermochromic properties can be directly synthesized at an ultra-low temperature of 375 °C. This feasible and atmosphere-available mass-production method is rarely reported in the related fields, which may provide a novel protocol strategy for the synthesis of high performance thermochromic VO2 and other functional oxide powders.

The process of identifying substation protection plates faces challenges due to the complex lighting factors that are often inadequately considered. Furthermore， connected domain adhesion during image segmentation tends to be overlooked. Consequently， a recognition method for substation protection plate that leverages HIS （hue， saturation， intensity） color characteristics and employs image processing techniques is introduced. Firstly， the images of the captured protection plate are preprocessed to correct the distortions； then， these images are segmented using HIS color characteristics. Secondly， morphological feature analysis is carried out on the connected domains； the boundary information within these domains is used to eliminate the signboards， and the limit corrosion algorithm is employed to separate the adhesive connected domains. Finally， the state of the protection plate is identified through the fusion of two key features： the boundary feature of the simple minimum bounding rectangle and the deflection angle feature of minimum area bounding rectangle. In a comparative test against the traditional RGB （red， green， blue） color segmentation method and a recognition method based on single aspect ratio， the results demonstrate a substantial improvement in the recognition rate. This method exhibits practical value for engineering applications.

Schizophrenia is a complex and severe mental disorder, the precise cause of which remains unknown. Circular RNA (circRNA), a type of non-coding RNA with a loop-like structure, is abundant in eukaryotic cell transcriptomes. Recent advancements in molecular genetics have allowed researchers to gain a better understanding of circRNA′s expression profile and biological functions. These molecules play critical roles in various biological processes, including regulation of gene expression, synaptic plasticity, and cognitive flexibility. Due to its high concentration in the mammalian brain, circRNA is involved in neurodevelopment and the maintenance of neural function. Changes in circRNA levels, both within and outside of cells, have been linked to numerous neuro-psychiatric disorders, including schizophrenia. As such, circRNA has a crucial and distinctive function in neuro-psychiatric disorders. Given its characteristics, biological functions, and regulatory roles in diseases, researchers are exploring the abnormal expression of circRNA in schizophrenia and its connection to the onset and progression of the disease. Among them, exosomal circRNA, due to its high stability, disease specificity, and abundant content, is poised to become a potential biological marker for diagnosing schizophrenia. This article provides an extensive overview of the recent circRNA and schizophrenia research, discussing the possibility of using exosomal circRNA as a diagnostic biomarker and therapeutic target for schizophrenia.

Abstract Background Several validated decision rules are available for clinicians to guide the appropriate use of imaging for patients with musculoskeletal injuries, including the Canadian CT Head Rule, Canadian C-Spine Rule, National Emergency X-Radiography Utilization Study (NEXUS) guideline, Ottawa Ankle Rules and Ottawa Knee Rules. However, it is unclear to what extent clinicians are aware of the rules and are using these five rules in practice. Objective To determine the proportion of clinicians that are aware of five imaging decision rules and the proportion that use them in practice. Design Systematic review. Methods This was a systematic review conducted in accordance with the ‘Preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses’ (PRISMA) statement. We performed searches in MEDLINE (via Ovid), CINAHL (via EBSCO), EMBASE (via Ovid), Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), Web of Science and Scopus databases to identify observational and experimental studies with data on the following outcomes among clinicians related to five validated imaging decision rules: awareness, use, attitudes, knowledge, and barriers and facilitators to implementation. Where possible, we pooled data using medians to summarise these outcomes. Results We included 39 studies. Studies were conducted in 15 countries (e.g. the USA, Canada, the UK, Australasia, New Zealand) and included various clinician types (e.g. emergency physicians, emergency nurses and nurse practitioners). Among the five decision rules, clinicians’ awareness was highest for the Canadian C-Spine Rule (84%, n = 3 studies) and lowest for the Ottawa Knee Rules (18%, n = 2). Clinicians’ use was highest for NEXUS (median percentage ranging from 7 to 77%, n = 4) followed by Canadian C-Spine Rule (56–71%, n = 7 studies) and lowest for the Ottawa Knee Rules which ranged from 18 to 58% (n = 4). Conclusion Our results suggest that awareness of the five imaging decision rules is low. Changing clinicians’ attitudes and knowledge towards these decision rules and addressing barriers to their implementation could increase use.

As one of the forth-generation nuclear energy system reactor types, lead fast reactor has good safety and economical properties due to the stable chemical properties of the coolant and the proliferation characteristics of the fuel, and modular nuclear power faster reactor designed for nuclear plant can further improve the economics of the reactor. In this article, the conceptual design of the lead-based modular power reactors with different power levels loaded with uranium alloy fuel is found to be found that when reactor core size increased to a certain level, the proliferation performance is too high due to the increase of the reactor core size under a specific core life such as 2000EFPD, so at the end of core life, the reactor core still has a large remaining reactivity. The proliferation advantage of the core cannot be fully released during the current core life time. Based on this phenomenon, in this article, we optimized the conceptual design of lead-based modular nuclear power reactor core loaded with uranium alloy fuel, and proposed to choose the appropriate rod to diameter ratio and effective density of fuel based on the power level and life time of the core. By adjusting the amount of uranium and 235U per unit volume, the proliferation performance of the core can be changed to match the power level and life time of the core. So the reactivity of core during the life period does not change, which not only reduce the difficulty of the reactivity control, but also make full use of the proliferation performance of the core. And at the same time, the reasonable rod to diameter ratio can provide safety and design margin for the analysis of thermal and hydraulic safety, and effectively improve the economy and safety of the core.

This paper summarized the treatment effect of thunder-fire moxibustion combined with acupoint massage on the rehabilitation of facial nerve function in a patient with facial paralysis of wind-cold pattern. Based on the syndrome differentiation, a combination of traditional Chinese Medicine external techniques including thunder-fire moxibustion and acupoint massage was carried out to relieve the clinical symptoms and improve the recovery of facial nerve function of the patient with facial paralysis of wind-cold pattern. (本文总结1例采用雷火灸配合手法穴位按摩改善风寒证面瘫患者面神经功能的护理经验。在常规护理的基础上, 根据患者辨证采取雷火灸配合手法穴位按摩, 通过中医外治法精准作用于病灶, 增强经络的感知传导, 改善面神经活动能力, 进而促进患者面瘫的康复。)

As specialized antigen-presenting cells, alveolar macrophages play an important role in host immune defense and adaptive immune response. After local infection caused by pathogens which colonize lung tissue, alveolar macrophages can recognize and engulf pathogens through pattern recognition receptors on their surface. In severe cases, the marophages may be further activated to present the ingested antigenic material to adaptive immune cells, and can be converted into a pro-inflammatory or anti-inflammatory phenotype depending on changes in the tissue microenvironment.By releasing relevant signaling factors, immune responses could regulate lung inflammation injury and tissue repair.

The 20th Party Congress report proposed to improve the grid-based management, refinement of services, information technology to support the grassroots governance platform, and improve the urban and rural community governance system [1, p. 24]. Grass-roots social governance is the basis of the entire national governance system, which concerns the vital interests of millions of people. At present, the government concentrates funds and material resources on infrastructure construction, and while the hardware environment at the grassroots level is improving, the construction of soft power is seriously lagging behind, and residents’ awareness of participation and public spirit are seriously lacking, so grassroots governance needs to be transformed. The basic function of social credit system is to form incentives and constraints for various subjects with the help of credit evaluation mechanism, so as to realize effective social governance. The establishment of social credit system can not only create an environment to serve social governance, but also provide important support for the modernization of social governance system and national governance capacity. Thus, under the strategic choice of building a comprehensive social credit system, combining an effective social credit system with grassroots social governance is an inevitable choice for China’s future development. Meanwhile, along with the accelerated development of digitization in China, the digitization of social credit system construction has become a powerful boost to promote credit governance. The digital transformation of social credit system can fully activate the path of credit information formation and collection in the traditional social credit system, optimize the operation mechanism and application scenario of credit evaluation mechanism, and thus maximize the functional utility of credit-enabled grassroots social governance. Based on this, this paper attempts to take the many challenges faced by grassroots governance as a logical starting point, take the “moral bank” in Yuyao, Zhejiang Province as a case study, trace how the construction of social credit system empowers grassroots social governance in the context of digitalization, explore the operation mechanism and practical effects of it, and extract corresponding insights.

Hash algorithm is currently the mainstream algorithm of data storage for cloud computing， but it has some shortcomings， such as low data processing efficiency and low fault tolerance. To solve these problems， this paper combines HDFS （Hadoop distributed file system） and Hash algorithm to optimize the data storage of cloud computing in the Internet of Things. Firstly， HDFS is used to optimize the storage architecture of structured data. Then， the storage design structure of file type data is optimized. Finally， the experiments are carried out to verify the proposed algorithm. The experimental results show that compared with the original algorithm， the data processing efficiency of the proposed optimization algorithm is improved by 24.53% on average， and the fault tolerance rate is improved by 25.56% on average， which fully shows that the proposed data storage optimization algorithm for cloud computing is more superior.

Highlights Mn-based electrode materials, including oxides, Prussian blue analogues and polyanion compounds, are introduced systematically for aqueous sodium-ion batteries. The composition, crystal structure, morphology and electrochemical performance of Mn-based electrode materials are reviewed. The improvement methods of electrochemical performance, such as electrolyte optimization, element doping or substitution, morphology optimization and carbon modification, are discussed.

The global ecological environment is fragile, and large-scale coal mining has accelerated the loss of water resources, but it is difficult to quantify its impact. Studies have found that large-scale coal mining has a particularly large impact on the underflow zone of rivers, but blind mining affects environmental damage and loses the water volume of the river. The lack of a compensation mechanism for water damage caused by coal mining often exacerbates the province’s fragile water environment. This paper analyzes the prediction of the impact of coal mining on the underflow zone of the river. First of all, determine the mining area of the mine and collect and collect data. Then, the lost water volume was calculated as a predicted score using the double integro-differential equation. Finally, the GA-BiLSTM model is proposed to predict the lost water capacity. The experimental results show that the mean absolute error (MAE), root mean square (RMSE), and prediction pass rate are 11.78/%, 24.87/%, and 92/%, respectively, and the average relative error is only 9.98%. Compared with BP, SVM, LSTM, Bi-LSTM neural network model has better prediction accuracy. The experimental results also show that the model has good reliability and practicability, which can provide a new idea and method for the new analysis of the impact of coal mining on the underflow zone of the river.

Objective To explore the efficacy and safety of endoscopic transnasal approach combined with microscopic craniotomy in the stimultaneous resection of complex skull base tumors with nasal cranial communication, and the protective effect of vascular anastomosis technology in the internal carotid artery (ICA). Methods and Results From January 2020 to December 2022, the Department of Neurosurgery of Tianjin Huanhu Hospital used endoscopic transnasal approach combined with microscopic craniotomy to treat 9 patients with complex skull base tumors with nasal cranial communication at the same time, while 6 patients were protected by identifying, exposing and shifting the ICA during the craniotomy, and 3 patients underwent petrosal segment of the ICA⁃radial artery (RA)⁃bed segment of the ICA bypass on the basis of ICA protection. Among the 9 patients, 8 cases underwent total tumor resection, and one case underwent partial tumor resection; 8 cases [Glasgow Outcome Scale (GOS) level 5] resumed daily life and work at 2 weeks after surgery, one case (GOS level 4) had decreased vision on the affected side but had self⁃ help, and only one case developed intracranial infection 3 d after surgery. Conclusions Endoscopic transnasal approach combined with microscopic craniotomy for simultaneous resection of complex skull base tumors with nasal cranial communication has a definite therapeutic effect and no serious complications, the application of intraoperative ICA protection and vascular anastomosis technology can effectively reduce intraoperative bleeding and postoperative complications.

Objective: In order to improve the special smell of Camellia oleifera seed oil, the Zanthoxylum flavor Camellia oleifera seed oil was developed with camellia oleifera seed oil and prickly ash as the raw materials. Methods: The peroxide value, acid value, fatty acid composition and odor change of Zanthoxylum bungeanum flavor seed oil were studied under different processing conditions. Results: When the ratio of material to liquid was 10∶100 (mpepper∶mcamellia oil), the frying temperature was 180 ℃, and the frying time was 5 minutes, the acid value, peroxide value and hydroxy-β-pyrroxin content were 0.400 7 mg/g, 0.030 4 g/100 g and 2.225 mg/g, respectively. The ratio of material to liquid had little influence on the content of main fatty acids of Zanthoxylum bungeanum flavor oil tea seed oil. Camellia oleifera seed oil and Zanthoxylum bungeanum flavor oil contain the key flavor compounds (E) -2-octenal and heptanal. Conclusion: The special flavor substances of Zanthoxylum bungeanum oil, linalool and limonene, can effectively change the flavor of the oil.

Using corn stalks as raw materials, modified corn stalk biochar (hereafter referred to as biochar) was prepared by phosphoric acid (H3PO4) activation modification, potassium hydroxide (KOH) loading K+ modification and carbonization. The structure of the biochar was characterized using SEM, BET, XRD, ICP, XPS, and FT-IR. The prepared biochar was used as adsorbent to determine its adsorption performance on methylene blue (MB) in the simulated wastewater. The results showed that the K+-modified biochar had a columnar lamellar structure with richer pores and contained the oxygen-containing functional groups such as —OH and —COOH on the surface, and the oxygen-containing functional groups showed a trend of specialization after K+ modification. The maximum adsorption capacity was 222.93 mg/g, which was 226.02% and 23.51% higher than that of unmodified biochar (68.38 mg/g) and the phosphoric acid (H3PO4)-activated modified biochar (180.49 mg/g), respectively. The kinetic and isotherm models were consistent with the proposed secondary kinetic model and the Langmuir model, respectively, and the adsorption process was unimolecular layer adsorption and was subject to both physical and chemical adsorption, with chemical adsorption dominating in the adsorption process. The liquid film diffusion model simulation and the intraparticle diffusion model simulation were carried out for the diffusion process in adsorption. The slope of the liquid film diffusion model curve was 0.6, so the liquid film diffusion was not the main control step of the diffusion process, and the intraparticle diffusion process was divided into the membrane diffusion stage (0−25 min) and the intraparticle diffusion stage (25−140 min). The intraparticle diffusion stage is significantly lower than the membrane diffusion stage in terms of adsorption rate (kid2=6.453 50, and ΔG were all negative, indicating that the adsorption of MB on the biochar is reversible and spontaneous heat absorption, and the warming helps the adsorption to proceed. ΔS=30.041 5 J/(mol·K)>0, indicating the increase of randomness at the solid-liquid interface during the adsorption process.

Abstract The fascinating collective behaviors of biological systems have inspired extensive studies on shape assembly of robot swarms. Here, we propose a strategy for shape assembly of robot swarms based on the idea of mean-shift exploration: when a robot is surrounded by neighboring robots and unoccupied locations, it would actively give up its current location by exploring the highest density of nearby unoccupied locations in the desired shape. This idea is realized by adapting the mean-shift algorithm, which is an optimization technique widely used in machine learning for locating the maxima of a density function. The proposed strategy empowers robot swarms to assemble highly complex shapes with strong adaptability, as verified by experiments with swarms of 50 ground robots. The comparison between the proposed strategy and the state-of-the-art demonstrates its high efficiency especially for large-scale swarms. The proposed strategy can also be adapted to generate interesting behaviors including shape regeneration, cooperative cargo transportation, and complex environment exploration.

In this study, the survival of the main serotypes O157:H7 and O26:H11 of Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) inoculated in fermented sausage during processing was investigated, and the changes of virulence gene expression in the bacteria and the product at different production stages were analyzed by reverse transcription real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-real-time PCR). The results showed that there was no significant difference in the count of lactic acid bacteria, lactic acid content, pH, or water activity (aw) value between STEC inoculated and uninoculated groups at most production stages. During sausage production, the growth of E. coli O157:H7 and O26:H11 was inhibited significantly (P < 0.05) and decreased by 1.51 and 1.39 (lg (CFU/g)), respectively, but the two strains showed different inhibition processes. After eliminating the difference in bacterial counts, it was found that the virulence gene expression in the bacterial cells was significantly up-regulated (P < 0.05) at the late stage of production. The expression of most virulence genes per unit mass of sausage increased significantly (P < 0.05) at the early stage of fermentation, and all virulence genes were highly expressed in the final product. Therefore, although STEC could be inhibited effectively during fermented sausage production, virulence gene expression was enhanced in the bacterial cells and was at a high level in the final product.

In the evolving landscape of library services, propelled by advancements in Internet technology and service paradigms, this study utilizes cloud-based lending data from college libraries to improve user profiling and subject-specific lending. Integrating the K-means algorithm with a Boolean matrix-enhanced Apriori algorithm, we devise a data mining model that fine-tunes detecting patterns in user borrowing behaviors. This approach distinguishes five distinct subject areas: energy, computing, electronic communication, machinery, and environmental chemistry. The outcome reveals a bibliographic association rule mining confidence of up to 79.38%, a 30% increase over conventional methods. Moreover, it generates three notable 2-item sets. Our model introduces a groundbreaking way to offer personalized library services, significantly enriching the user experience with tailored subject information.

Organ transplantation is the gold standard therapy for end-stage organ failure. However, the shortage of available grafts and long-term graft dysfunction remain the primary barriers to organ transplantation. Exploring approaches to solve these issues is urgent, and CRISPR/Cas9-based transcriptome editing provides one potential solution. Furthermore, combining CRISPR/Cas9-based gene editing with an ex vivo organ perfusion system would enable pre-implantation transcriptome editing of grafts. How to determine effective intervention targets becomes a new problem. Fortunately, the advent of high-throughput CRISPR screening has dramatically accelerated the effective targets. This review summarizes the current advancements, utilization, and workflow of CRISPR screening in various immune and non-immune cells. It also discusses the ongoing applications of CRISPR/Cas-based gene editing in transplantation and the prospective applications of CRISPR screening in solid organ transplantation.

In this study, we investigated the bioactive compounds extracted from air-dried mulberry fruit (DMF), mulberry fruit juice (MFJ), and mulberry fruit pomace (MFP). We examined the effects of extracts from DMF, MFJ, and MFP on advanced glycation end-products (AGEs). The in vitro results showed significant inhibition of AGEs both in the fructose-BSA and MGO-BSA models. The results of compositional analysis showed that the phenolic content was partially positively correlated with their antioxidant capacity. Additionally, we investigated the potential of MFP extracts to improve MGO-induced aging-related deficits in HaCaT cells. Furthermore, the in vivo trial results showed that both DMF-W (with water extraction) and DMF-P (with Pectinex® XXL extraction) significantly increased the moisture, HA and HYP contents in the skin of mice, reduced the levels of AGEs, and improved the oxidative stress damage in aging mice. Additionally, DMF-P showed a better anti-skin aging effect.

The liver is a multifunctional organ that plays crucial roles in numerous physiological processes, such as production of bile and proteins for blood plasma, regulation of blood levels of amino acids, processing of hemoglobin, clearance of metabolic waste, maintenance of glucose, etc. Therefore, the liver is essential for the homeostasis of organisms. With the development of research on the liver, there is growing concern about its effect on immune cells of innate and adaptive immunity. For example, the liver regulates the proliferation, differentiation, and effector functions of immune cells through various secreted proteins (also known as “hepatokines”). As a result, the liver is identified as an important regulator of the immune system. Furthermore, many diseases resulting from immune disorders are thought to be related to the dysfunction of the liver, including systemic lupus erythematosus, multiple sclerosis, and heart failure. Thus, the liver plays a role in remote immune regulation and is intricately linked with systemic immunity. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the liver remote regulation of the body’s innate and adaptive immunity regarding to main areas: immune-related molecules secreted by the liver and the liver-resident cells. Additionally, we assessed the influence of the liver on various facets of systemic immune-related diseases, offering insights into the clinical application of target therapies for liver immune regulation, as well as future developmental trends.

This research investigates the influence of water-cement ratio and recycled aggregate content on the chlorine erosion resistance of RAC by conducting a combination of experimental and theoretical analysis. In addition, a mathematical equation is developed to represent the chloride ion transport mechanism in RAC, taking into account fluid mechanics, energy conservation, and pore structure evolution characteristics. Furthermore, mathematical analysis and modeling are used to forecast the life of the chloride ion erosion process. The results show that both the recycled coarse aggregate replacement rate and the water-cement ratio adversely affect the chloride erosion resistance of RAC. The chloride diffusion coefficient model based on pore structure characteristic parameters exhibits high prediction accuracy. This model helps increase the use of recycled aggregates and fosters the growth of the circular economy in the construction industry sector by offering a theoretical foundation for evaluating and maintaining the durability of RAC.

Abstract The generation and detection of circularly polarized light (CPL) are of importance in many modern technologies such as digital communications, machine vision, bio‐imaging, and 3D displays. In this study, inspired by the fact that various species of plants and animals can efficiently produce and/or perceive CPL with chiral photonic crystal structures, efforts are made to fabricate luminescent chiral photonic crystals with caesium lead halide perovskites, a class of solution‐processable semiconductors that have excellent luminescence properties and readily tunable electronic band gaps. Coupling between the emission frequency of the perovskite and the cavity resonance frequency of the photonic crystal structure can be established at any desired point in the visible region, giving rise to CPL output with a dissymmetry factor up to −0.34. These results suggest a new approach to chiral light‐emitting materials and may contribute to the development of semiconductors with ordered microstructures.

【Objective】 Alfalfa is sensitive to water stress at branching stage, but how a simultaneous salinity stress affects this sensitivity is not well understood. The objective of this paper is to address this issue. 【Method】 Pot experiments were conducted in 2018—2019 at the Shengmu High-tech Economic Park, in Dengkou County, Inner Mongolia. It consisted of three water treatments with the soil water content kept at 55%~70% (W1), 75%~85% (W2), and 85%~100% (W3) of the field capacity, respectively. Each water treatment had four salinity stresses with the soil salt content set at 1.0 (S0), 1.5 (S1), 3.0 (S2) and 4.5(S3) g/kg, respectively. In each treatment, we measured osmotic substances, antioxidant enzymatic activities, above- and below-ground biomass at early flowering stage. 【Result】 Water and salinity stresses reduced water consumption and aboveground biomass more considerably when they worked collectively than working separately. When the water stress was minor, however, imposing a slight salinity stress with soil salt content ≤3 g/kg can increase the contents of proline and Na+, boosted peroxidase (POD) activity, and reduced superoxide dismutase (SOD). This alleviated oxidative damage of the water stress, thereby promoting crop growth. Compared with S0+W1, S2+W1 increased the contents of proline and Na+, and boosted POD activity, by 74.28%, 17.28% and 34.60%, respectively, while reducing SOD activity by 9.87%. These led to an increase in water consumption and aboveground biomass by 6.48% and 2.17%, respectively. 【Conclusion】 When water stress is not severe, imposing a slight salinity stress can improve the tolerance of alfalfa to water and salinity stress at branching stage. For all treatments we studied, keeping soil salt content in the range of 2~3 g/kg and soil water content in the range of 70%~85% of the field water capacity was optimal to improve resistance of the crop to both salinity and water stresses.

Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is a high disabling psychiatric disease with the clinical symptoms of recurrent intrusive thoughts or repetitive behaviors. The etiology and pathogenesis of OCD have not been fully elucidated. Exploring the brain morphological characteristics of OCD is important for understanding the pathological mechanism of OCD. Besides, as potential biomarkers, brain morphological characteristics have a good application prospect in assisting clinical diagnosis and treatment. In recent years, neuromodulation techniques such as repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) and deep brain stimulation (DBS) have been widely used in the treatment of OCD. Exploring the abnormal brain morphological characteristics of OCD may provide a basis for the selection of neuromodulation targets. Current studies on the brain morphological characteristics of OCD mainly focus on the cortico-striato-thalamo-cortical (CSTC) circuit, which is closely related to the pathological mechanism of OCD. Limited by the differences in inclusion and exclusion criteria, medication and data analysis methods among these studies, there are many inconsistent results on the brain morphological characteristics of OCD, and how to promote the clinical application needs further exploration. This article reviews the research results of brain morphological characteristics of OCD, discusses the clinical application prospect, and points out the future development direction, in order to promote the progress of etiology and clinical treatment of OCD.

Cement is an important building material with high energy consumption and high emission, while energy conservation and emission reduction has been the consensus over the world in the background of the global climate warming. Aiming at the problems of large cement consumption and long construction period of deep mixing column, a double-liquid curing agent composed of low thickness cement slurry and sodium silicate solution is proposed to replace cement slurry in deep mixing columns. The installation equipment is modified to adapt to the double-liquid curing agent. The effect of the double-liquid curing agent is researched through field​ tests, which verify the environmental and economic benefits in cement saving and construction accelerating. The double-liquid curing agent for deep mixing columns has great promotion potential.

【Objective】 Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) is not only beneficial to plant acquisition of soil nutrients but can also improve plant tolerance to various biotic and abiotic stresses. This study aims to provide reference data for researchers interested in use of AMF to enhance plant tolerance to salinity. 【Method】 The literatures used in the analysis were collected from the Web of Science Database (WOS) and China Knowledge Network Database (CNKI), published in and before 2021. We analyzed the total publications, as well as the top 10 countries, top 10 institutions, top 10 journals and the top 10 researchers, which contributed most to the publications. We also analyzed the most highly cited articles. 【Result】 A total of 1 348 publications related to AMF improvement of plant salt tolerance were retrieved from 1 372 institutions in 94 countries from WOS, and 331 publications were retrieved from CNKI. The number of articles published nationally in China and internationally showed an increasing trend, with Chinese researchers publishing the most. The institutions focusing on using AMF to improve plant salt tolerance were mainly universities and research institutes, with Mycorrhiza contributing most to WOS journals, and Acta Botanica Boreali-occidentalia Sinica topping the list in CNKI journals. Current research focus of Chinese researchers is mainly on plant science. 【Conclusion】 The study of using AMF to improve plant salt tolerance is a hot spot, to which Chinese researchers have made significant contributions. Analysis of the published papers indicates that current research in this area is in molecular biology and mycorrhizal signal transduction. This paper serves as a reference for researchers who are interested in this area.

Near infrared spectroscopy was applied to the rapid determination of peroxide value and acid value in rice bran oil. Using chemical titration to determine the content of peroxide value and acid value in rice bran oil as a reference method, using near infrared spectroscopy analysis technology combined with partial least squares regression, established the near infrared quantitative analysis model. The correlation coefficients of the established peroxide value and acid value quantitative analysis models were 99.11% and 99.72%, the standard deviation of prediction were 0.436 7% and 0.044 78%, and the cross validation standard deviation were 0.452 2% and 0.046 69%. The calibration model was independently verified externally with 78 samples. The absolute errors of peroxide value and acid value were –0.78%~0.82% and –0.142%~0.139%. The relative errors of peroxide value and acid value were –13.21%~14.44% and –14.85%~12.46%. The established quantitative analysis model and method is simple, rapid and accurate in the content determination of peroxide value and acid value in rice bran oil.

This paper summarized the integrated traditional Chinese and western medicine nursing of pressure injuries in a patient with stroke. Based on the principles of wound bed preparation, wound management combined with traditional Chinese medicine interventions by syndrome differentiation were carried out. Moxibustion, Chinese herbal medicine collapse stains and other techniques were performed to improve the wound healing and relieve the pain. (本文总结了1例中风后患者压力性损伤的中西医结合护理体会。基于伤口处理TIME原则处置创面, 同时中医辨证, 采取艾条悬灸、中药塌渍改善局部气血运行, 促进创面愈合, 减轻患者疼痛。)

Abstract Background Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most prevalent cancers in the world, with a high likelihood of metastasis and a dismal prognosis. The reprogramming of glucose metabolism is critical in the development of HCC. The Warburg effect has recently been confirmed to occur in a variety of cancers, including HCC. However, little is known about the molecular biological mechanisms underlying the Warburg effect in HCC cells. In this study, we sought to better understand how methyltransferase 5, N6‐adenosine (METTL5) controls the development of HCC and the Warburg effect. Methods In the current study, quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction and Western blotting were used to detect the expression of METTL5 in HCC tissues and cell lines. Several different cell models and animal models were established to determine the role of METTL5 in glucose metabolism reprogramming and the underlying molecular mechanism of HCC. Glutathione‐S‐transferase pulldown, coimmunoprecipitation, RNA sequencing, non‐targeted metabolomics, polysome profiling, and luciferase reporter assays were performed to investigate the molecular mechanisms of METTL5 in HCC cells. Results We discovered that METTL5 drove glucose metabolic reprogramming to promote the proliferation and metastasis of HCC. Mechanistically, upregulation of METTL5 promoted c‐Myc stability and thus activated its downstream glycolytic genes lactate dehydrogenase A (LDHA), enolase 1 (ENO1), triosephosphate isomerase 1 (TPI1), solute carrier family 2 member 1 (SLC2A1), and pyruvate kinase M2 (PKM2). The c‐Box and ubiquitin binding domain (UBA) regions of ubiquitin specific peptidase 5 (USP5) binded to c‐Myc protein and inhibited K48‐linked polyubiquitination of c‐Myc. Further study revealed that METTL5 controled the USP5 translation process, which in turn regulated the ubiquitination of c‐Myc. Furthermore, we identified cAMP responsive element binding protein 1 (CREB1)/P300 as a critical transcriptional regulator of METTL5 that promoted the transcription of METTL5 in HCC. In patient‐derived tumor xenograft (PDX) models, adenovirus‐mediated knockout of METTL5 had a good antitumor effect and prolonged the survival of PDX‐bearing mice. Conclusions These findings point to a novel mechanism by which CREB1/P300‐METTL5‐USP5‐c‐Myc controls abnormal glucose metabolism and promotes tumor growth, suggesting that METTL5 is a potential therapeutic target and prognostic biomarker for HCC.

Measurement(s) COVID-19 Protocols, Restrictions • Health Behaviors • Personality and Behavioral Change, CTCAE • Emotion • Message Framing • Self-Determination Technology Type(s) Survey • Experiment Design Type Factor Type(s) COVID-19 Protocols, Restrictions • Health Behaviors • Loss-Gain Framing • Cognitive Reappraisal • Self-Determination Messaging Sample Characteristic - Organism Homo Sample Characteristic - Environment Daily Life Sample Characteristic - Location North America • South America • Africa • Australia • Europe • United Kingdom • Asia

To enhance the specificity and sensitivity, cut the cost, and realize joint detection of multiple indicators, an immunoassay system based on the technology of time-resolved fluorescence resonance energy transfer (TR-FRET) was studied. Due to the FRET of the reagent, the donor probe and acceptor probe emitted specific fluorescence to enhance specificity. Long-lifetime specific fluorescence from the acceptor probe was combined with time-resolved technology to enhance sensitivity. A xenon flash lamp and a photomultiplier tube (PMT) were selected as the light source and detector, respectively. A filter-switching mechanism was placed in the light path, so the fluorescence signal from the donor and acceptor was measured alternately. The instrument’s design is given, and some specificI parts are described in detail. Key technical specifications of the instrument and procalcitonin (PCT), C-reactive protein (CRP), and interleukin-6(IL-6) were tested, and the test results were presented subsequently. The CV value of the self-designed counting module is better than 0.01%, and the instrument noises for 620 nm and 665 nm are 41.44 and 10.59, respectively. When set at 37 °C, the temperature bias (B) is 0.06 °C, and the temperature fluctuation is 0.10 °C. The CV and bias are between ±3% and 5%, respectively, when pipetting volumes are between 10 μL and 100 μL. Within the concentration range of 0.01 nM to 10 nM, the luminescence values exhibit linear regression correlation coefficients greater than 0.999. For PCT detection, when the concentration ranges from 0.02 ng/mL to 50 ng/mL, the correlation coefficient of linear fitting exceeds 0.999, and the limit of quantification is 0.096 ng/mL. For CRP and IL-6, the detection concentration ranges from 0 ng/mL to 500 ng/mL and 0 ng/mL to 20 ng/mL, respectively, with limits of quantification of 2.70 ng/mL and 2.82 ng/mL, respectively. The experimental results confirm the feasibility of the technical and instrumental solutions.

With the increasing scale of energy storage batteries, the number of retired energy storage batteries is also rapidly increasing, and the energy storage life, as an important indicator for evaluating the safety of retired energy storage, has received widespread attention. The existing methods for estimating the life of retired energy storage have the problem of considering attenuation characteristics (AC) that do not fully reflect the actual operating characteristics of batteries, which can affect the estimation accuracy. Therefore, this article proposes a precise estimation method for the life of retired energy storage batteries to improve the accuracy of estimating the life of retired energy storage. Firstly, an AC extraction method was proposed to fully explore the potential relationship between various feature data and the operational status of retired energy storage. Then, a method was proposed to screen and optimize ACs that are highly correlated with the life of retired energy storage batteries, selecting ACs that are highly correlated with the life of retired energy storage batteries. Finally, an accurate method for estimating the life of retired energy storage batteries was proposed, which effectively improved the accuracy of estimating the life. The proposed method was validated on the NASA dataset with an accuracy of no less than 99.784% for estimating life.

The reaction wheel bicycle robot is a kind of unmanned mobile robot with great potential. However, the control of such bicycle robots on a curved pavement under inaccurate model parameters, model uncertainties and disturbances is challenging due to the lateral instability and underactuated characteristic. Applying conventional control methods to this problem often results in brittle and inaccurate controllers. In this paper, an online serial-parallel combination reinforcement learning with conventional control methods is designed to achieve the path tracking and banlancing control for a reaction wheel bicycle robot on curved pavements. The parallel part of the controller refers to compensating the equilibrium point and the serial part of the controller refers to adjusting the parameters of a sliding mode controller that tracks the target roll equilibrium point. The comparison between the proposed controller and several existing controllers in experimental test built in Matlab Simscape illustrates stronger robustness and better control performances.

How to more effectively and comprehensively utilize recycled aggregate resources to prepare a richer new low-carbon concrete material system is the key path to achieve low-carbon development in China’s construction field. Based on the material properties of graphite tailings (GT), this article explores the organic combination of GT to replace sand and recycled aggregates (RA) to replace natural stones, in order to propose an efficient recycling path for multiple solid wastes and a new and cost-effective recycled aggregate concrete (RAC). This article focuses on investigating the influences of GT (0–40%) and RA (0–40%) on the workability, water absorption, and mechanical properties of GT reinforced recycled aggregate concrete (GTRAC). Simultaneously, the hydration products, microstructure morphology, key chemical bonds, and pore structure characteristics were analyzed by a combination of microscopic tests such as X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscope, Fourier transform infrared and mercury intrusion porosimetry to propose the key factors affecting the macroscopic performance of GTRAC. The results show that incorporating 10–30% GT has significant positive effects on water absorption, surface water content, compressive strength, and elastic modulus of RAC. RAC’s micro-crack density, hydration, and pore structure distribution can be maximally improved by appropriate GT (20%). However, the high content of GT will lead to the degradation of its mechanical properties. Therefore, 20% GT and 30% recycled aggregate are the optimum combinations of the concrete material system. However, it might be changed when the ratio of water to binder varies. Finally, this article also comprehensively analyzes and evaluates the performance and price of different types of RACs, which provides theoretical support for evaluating and predicting the practical engineering application value of GTRAC. In summary, the research results in this study provide theoretical guidance for understanding the mechanism of GT on the enhancement of mechanical properties of RAC and exploring new ways of practical engineering application of it.

Humans do not learn everything from the scratch but can connect and associate the upcoming information with the exchanged experience and known knowledge. Such an idea can be extended to cooperated multi-reinforcement learning and has achieved its success on homogeneous agents by means of parameter sharing. However, it is difficult to straightforwardly apply parameter sharing when dealing with heterogeneous agents thanks to their individual forms of input/output and their diverse functions and targets. Neuroscience has provided evidence that our brain creates several levels of experience and knowledge-sharing mechanisms that not only exchange similar experiences but also allow for sharing of abstract concepts to handle unfamiliar situations that others have already encountered. Inspired by such a brain's functions, we propose a semi-independent training policy method that can well tackle the conflict between parameter sharing and specialized training for heterogeneous agents. It employs a shared common representation for both observation and action, enabling the integration of various input and output sources. Additionally, a shared latent space is utilized to maintain a balanced relationship between the upstream policy and downstream functions, benefiting each individual agent's target. From the experiments, it can approve that our proposed method outperforms the current mainstream algorithms, especially when handling heterogeneous agents. Empirically, our proposed method can also be improved as a more general and fundamental heterogeneous agents' reinforcement learning structure for curriculum learning and representation transfer. All our code is open and released on https://gitlab.com/reinforcement/ntype.