Search

Enterovirus G (EV-G) is prevalent in pig populations worldwide, and a total of 20 genotypes (G1 to G20) have been confirmed. Recently, recombinant EV-Gs carrying the papain-like cysteine protease (PLCP) gene of porcine torovirus have been isolated or detected, while their pathogenicity is poorly understood. In this study, an EV-G17-PLCP strain, 'EV-G/YN23/2022', was isolated from the feces of pigs with diarrhea, and the virus replicated robustly in numerous cell lines. The isolate showed the highest complete genome nucleotide (87.5%) and polyprotein amino acid (96.6%) identity in relation to the G17 strain 'IShi-Ya4' (LC549655), and a possible recombination event was detected at the 708 and 3383 positions in the EV-G/YN23/2022 genome. EV-G/YN23/2022 was nonlethal to piglets, but mild diarrhea, transient fever, typical skin lesions, and weight gain deceleration were observed. The virus replicated efficiently in multiple organs, and the pathological lesions were mainly located in the small intestine. All the challenged piglets showed seroconversion for EV-G/YN23/2022 at 6 to 9 days post-inoculation (dpi), and the neutralization antibody peaked at 15 dpi. The mRNA expression levels of IL-6, IL-18, IFN-α, IFN-β, and ISG-15 in the peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were significantly up-regulated during viral infection. This is the first documentation of the isolation and pathogenicity evaluation of the EV-G17-PLCP strain in China. The results may advance our understanding of the evolution characteristics and pathogenesis of EV-G-PLCP. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Core–shell heterojunction nanostructure-based sensors often suffer from the blocking effect from the shell layer. Here, a type of sandwich-structured hollow nanofiber of In2S3/In2O3/In2S3 (ISOS HNF) was designed via an electrospinning technique combining with postvulcanization treatments. The resultant ISOS HNF possesses double In2S3/In2O3 heterointerfaces at both sides of In2O3 tube walls, which highly enhance the junction effect on the electron transport during the gas-sensing processes. Also, the two In2S3 coatings are particle-filled and porous, which often allows the target gas to easily diffuse through them to the In2O3 core. As a result, toward 100 ppm ethanol at a work temperature of 200 °C, the ISOS HNF sensors show a high response improved by 23% and 76% compared to those of the In2S3/In2O3 core–shell NF and In2O3 HNF ones, respectively. Moreover, the ISOS HNF sensors also exhibit a fast response/recovery rate (<1 s/25 s) and a good gas selectivity property. Series analysis indicates that this highly improved response is mainly due to the double In2S3/In2O3 heterointerfaces and increased O vacancies, the accelerated response/recovery rate is due to the double-constructed heterojunction and the suitable mesopores in the coatings, and the improved gas selectivity is due to the In2S3 shell. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective. To compare the clinical efficacy and complications which obtained foraminoplasty at the tip or base of the superior articular process (SAP) for the patients with lateral recess stenosis treated by percutaneous endoscopic lumbar discectomy (PELD). Methods. Between January 2015 and January 2016, 156 patients of lumbar disc herniation accompanying with lateral recess stenosis were treated with PELD in five tertiary hospitals and fulfilled the 2-year follow-up. Among them, 78 patients obtained a foraminoplasty at the tip of SAP (group A), and foraminoplasty at the base of SAP was performed in the other 78 cases (group B). Clinical efficacy was evaluated using the visual analog scale (VAS) score for back and leg pain, Oswestry Disability Index (ODI), and 36-item Short-Form Health Survey (SF-36) score. The intervals of follow-up were scheduled at 1 month, 3 months, 6 months, 1 year, and 2 years after surgery. Results. Mean operative duration is shorter in group B (55 versus 61 min, P = 0.047). Only one case belonged to group A could not tolerate the neural irritation and required conversion to an open procedure. During the surgery, no dura tears, cauda equina syndrome, or infections were observed. 5 patients experienced transient dysesthesia located at the exiting nerve in group A, while no cases complained dysesthesia in group B. 2 cases who suffered temporary motor weakness all belonged to group A. A total of 5 cases obtained a revision surgery after recurrence in the follow-up, in which 3 patients belonged to group A. Compared to the preoperative data, significant improvements in VAS scores of low back pain and sciatica, ODI, and SF-36 PCS and MC were observed in the follow-up, respectively (P < 0.05, respectively). However, no statistical difference was observed at all time-points after surgery between these two groups (P > 0.05, respectively). Conclusions. For the patients of LDH accompanying with lateral recess stenosis, compared with the routine foraminoplasty at the tip of SAP, our modified foraminoplastic technique does not only change place of foraminoplasty to the base of SAP but also simplified puncture process in transforaminal PELD. Although there was no significant difference in symptom relief, the modified foraminoplasty showed the advantages in decreasing the incidence of postoperative neural dysfunction and reducing operation time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Developing high surface area nanostructured electrodes with fast charge separation is one of the main challenges for exploring cupric oxide (CuO)-based photocathodes in solar-driven hydrogen production applications. Herein, brand new 1D branched CuO nanowire arrays have been achieved on fluorine-doped tin oxide-coated glass (FTO) through a two-step wet chemical redox reaction. X-ray diffraction patterns, Raman spectra and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy confirm the pure phase characteristic of the resulting branched CuO. In addition to the enlarged surface area of this advanced functional structure as compared with that of the 1D wire trunk, the charge injection and separation have been improved by rationally controlling the density of defects and size of branches. As a result, the optimized branched CuO exhibits photocurrent as high as 3.6 mA·cm−2 under AM 1.5G (100 mW·cm−2) illumination and 3.0 mA·cm−2 under visible light (λ ＞ 420 nm) at 0.2 V vs. RHE in 0.5 M Na2SO4, which are 2.8- and 3.0-fold greater than those of 1D wire samples, respectively. In addition, the solution-processed approach established herein seems quite favourable for large-scale and low-cost manufacturing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Polyol-substituted cyclic ethers are fundamental building blocks of biomolecules. The position and stereochemistry of multiple hydroxy substituents of cyclic ethers play a central role in their biological function. Current methods for the synthesis of such structures are limited to 'naked' ring products with no or few substituents. Here we describe a general route to medium-sized polyol cyclic ethers using a migratory ether formation strategy. In contrast to the common pathway of direct opening of epoxides, Me3Al was found to promote an unprecedented ether addition reaction, opening a neighboring epoxide. The resulting oxonium intermediate triggers a 1,3-methyl shift to yield 2-deoxyribital products. When the hemiacetal auxiliary is a monosaccharide, the sugar ring is expanded by four atoms to give the corresponding 9- to 11-membered analogues. This method provides an entry into the untapped chemical space of medium-sized sugar mimetics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: This study concerns the cytogenetic stability of in vitro human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) in primary culture and after passaging. Bone marrow samples were collected from seven brain malfunction patients involved in autologous MSC transplantation trials. Chromosome preparations from primary MSC cultures and after 3 passages were analyzed by conventional staining and G-banding techniques. All MSCs showed normal diploid karyotypes, 46 XY or 46 XX, without aneuploidy or polyploidy; chromosome structural abnormalities were not detected. The results indicate that the in vitro cultured MSCs retained normal cytogenetics before being transplanted back into the patients. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: A novel and facile synthesis of a series of the biologically significant iminosugar derivatives including 2-deoxynojirimycin, Miglustat and Miglitol is reported. The synthesis features a strategic double inversion mechanism for securing the desired stereochemistry at C5 position of such glucose-type carbohydrate mimetics, representing a practical and remarkable improvement on the previously reported method that suffers from the loss of the stereo-control during the reaction process. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

• Ligand-free, recyclable and unsupported Sonogashira-type coupling systems is demonstrated. • The whole systems can be recovered and used for 3 cycles directly. • Performing the reactions in water/ionic liquid makes this methodology greener. A new and recyclable protocol was developed for Pd(OAc) 2 -catalyzed the cross-coupling reaction of terminal alkynes with arylboronic acids using environmentally friendly H 2 O/TBAB as reaction medium. A series of cross-coupling products containing internal acetylenic bond can be obtained with good selectivity and yield. The Pd(OAc) 2 /H 2 O/TBAB system was stable in the Sonogashira-type cross-coupling reaction and could be used at least three cycles without considerable decrease in catalytic performance. The results suggest that the unsupported and recyclable systems can be extended to the other realm of C C bond formation in synthetic organic chemistry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to master the rules of heterogeneous reduction between NO and char edge models, and to reveal the microcosmic mechanisms of migration and transformation for char nitrogen, the processes of heterogeneous adsorption, reduction and desorption of NO on the char edge model compounds in armchair and zigzag configurations were researched. The algorithm of density functional theory was applied to calculate each bond's Mayer bond order. The results indicate that N2 and CO are released in the process of heterogeneous reduction reaction of NO on the char edge model surface in armchair configuration. The Mayer bond order of N-O is the minimum (0.984 6) so the bond of N-O is prone to be broken under a certain temperature. N2 is produced in the process of heterogeneous reduction reaction of two NO molecules on the char edge model in zigzag configuration. One NO molecule is adsorbed on the surface of char edge model in zigzag configuration by the side-on form and then an intermediate with five-membered ring is formed. The Mayer bond order of O4-N5 is the minimum (1.002 5) at the moment. The other NO molecule is adsorbed on the position of C3 by the O-down form. The theory of Mayer bond order can be effectively used to research the heterogeneous reduction reaction mechanisms of NO on the char edge models surface at the molecular level. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]