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Sporadic thoracic aortic aneurysm and dissection (sTAAD) is a complicated vascular disease with a high mortality rate. And its genetic basis has not been fully explored.

Corneal transplantation is an effective treatment for corneal blindness, and it is the only hope for patients with corneal blindness. Cornea has no blood vessels and no lymphatic vessels, which is called immune privilege organ, so the success rate of corneal transplantation is significantly higher than that of other organ transplantation, but the rejection reaction after corneal transplantation is still the main reason for the failure of corneal transplantation. The directional movement of immune cells to lymphoid tissue and inflammatory sites is the mainly immune response after organ transplantation. And the regulatory T cells(Treg)play a key role in immune regulation, which can induce immune tolerance by regulating and inhibiting the activation of effector T cells and reduce the rejection reaction after corneal transplantation. In addition, this review also discussed the effectiveness of applying cordyceps sinensis extract FTY720 to enhance the function of Treg. Based on this, we briefly reviewed the sources, mechanism of action and treatment of Treg after corneal transplantation, so as to provide some reference for the subsequent clinical application transformation and basic research.

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most common primary neoplasms of the liver and one of the most common solid tumors in the world. Its global incidence is increasing and it has become the third leading cause of cancer-related deaths. There is growing evidence that chemokines play an important role in the tumor microenvironment, regulating the migration and localization of immune cells in tissues and are critical for the function of the immune system. This review comprehensively analyses the expression and activity of chemokines in the TME of HCC and describes their interrelationship with hepatocarcinogenesis and progression. Special attention is given to the role of chemokine-chemokine receptors in the regulation of immune cell accumulation in the TME. Therapeutic strategies targeting tumor-promoting chemokines or the induction/release of beneficial chemokines are reviewed, highlighting the potential value of natural products in modulating chemokines and their receptors in the treatment of HCC. The in-depth discussion in this paper provides a theoretical basis for the treatment of HCC. It is an important reference for new drug development and clinical research.

Abstract [Objective] This paper studied the changes, response mechanism, and correlation of functional traits of Leymus chinensis during vegetative growth period under different levels of organic fertilizers, in an attempt to provide reference for the dynamic study of resources, environment, and plant functional characters, as well as restoration of the grassland ecosystems. [Methods] Selecting a grassland that had not been fertilized for more than 20 years as the experimental site, which was enclosed and divided into several small areas. Setting up four levels of organic fertilizer applications, with effective N amounts of 0, 63, 127, and 190 kg/hm2, respectively. Collecting samples before, during, and after the major vegetative growth of L. chinensis, and measuring functional traits. The changing trend, difference, correlation, and influence coefficient of functional characters of L. chinensis were analyzed by conic equation fitting, single factor multivariate analysis of variance, Pearson correlation analysis, and integral (stepwise) regression. [Results] (1) Organic fertilizers increased at beginning and then decreased the leaf length, leaf area, natural leaf width, unfolded leaf width, specific leaf area, stem length, stem mass, and single plant mass of L. chinensis sativus, while leaf dry matter and stem dry matter were decreased. (2) Organic fertilizers changed the correlation among functional characters of L. chinensis, enhancing the correlation between leaf area and specific leaf area, stem length and stem mass, and stem length and single plant mass, while decreasing the correlation between single leaf mass and single plant mass, and leaf width and plant height. (3) Organic fertilizers changed the contribution rate of phenotypic traits, including leaves, stems, and plant heights, to single plant mass. Increasing fertilization levels, the contribution of leaves, stems and plant heights tended to be balanced. The order of phenotypic traits affecting single plant mass of L. chinensis was: Leaves > plant heights > stems. [Conclusion] Short-term application of organic fertilizers had a significant effect on the functional characters of L. chinensis, which was mainly occurred in the later stage of vegetative growth, especially on the single plant mass. Among them, leaf length, unfolding leaf width, leaf area, and plant height had great influence on the single plant mass of L. chinensis, while plant height was the most stable factor driving the change of single plant mass. At the same time, the correlation between functional characters of L. chinensis was affected by the levels of fertilization. Fertilization enhanced the correlation of some functional traits while weakened the correlation among others, and thus there was a balance as a whole.