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Breaking the trade‐off between activity and selectivity has perennially been a formidable endeavor in the field of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) photosynthesis, especially the side‐on configuration of oxygen (O2) on the catalyst surface will cause the cleavage of O−O bonds, which drastically hinders the H2O2 production performance. Herein, we present an atomically heteroatom P doped ZnIn2S4 catalyst with tunable oxygen adsorption configuration to accelerate the ORR kinetics essential for solar‐driven H2O2 production. Indeed, the spectroscopy characterizations (such as EXAFS and in situ FTIR) and DFT calculations reveal that heteroatom P doped ZnIn2S4 at substitutional and interstitial sites, which not only optimizes the coordination environment of Zn active sites, but also facilitates electron transfer to the Zn sites and improves charge density, avoiding the breakage of O−O bonds and reducing the energy barriers to H2O2 production. As a result, the oxygen adsorption configuration is regulated from side‐on (Yeager‐type) to end‐on (Pauling‐type), resulting in the accelerated ORR kinetics from 874.94 to 2107.66 μmol g−1 h−1. This finding offers a new avenue toward strategic tailoring oxygen adsorption configuration by the rational design of doped photocatalyst. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Constructing rich defect active site structure for material design is still a great challenge. Herein, a simple surface engineering strategy is demonstrated to construct one‐unit‐cell ZnIn2S4 atomic layers with the modulated surface energy of S vacancy. Rich surface energy can regulate and control the rich S vacancy, which ensures rich active sites, higher charge density and effective carrier transport. As a result, the ZnIn2S4 atomic layers with rich surface energy affords an obvious enhancement in H2O2 productive rate of 1592.04 µmol g−1 h−1, roughly 14.58 times superior to that with poor surface energy. Moreover, the in situ infrared diffuse reflection spectrum indicates that S vacancy as the oxygen reduction reaction active site is responsible for the critical intermediate *O2− and *OOH, corresponding to two‐electron oxygen reduction reaction. This study provides a valuable insight and guidance for constructing controllably defects to achieve highly efficient H2O2 production. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The emerging visualization techniques have aroused wide interest for optical information detection and storage. However, they suffer from fairly limited optical information density and poor visual detection performance. Herein, an innovative surface patterning enhanced visualization (SPEV) approach is developed for ultrasensitive naked‐eye detection and RGB‐based high‐density information storage. Through "ship covalently linked in bottle" method, a novel HP‐UiO‐66‐NH2‐based ratiometric fluorescent (RF) composite probe is fabricated, exhibiting remarkably enhanced CdTe QDs encapsulation efficiency and superior dual‐sensing performance for F− and alkaline phosphatase (ALP). Then, the novel surface patterned CdTe QDs@HP‐UiO‐66‐NH2 hydrogel sensor is prepared, emitting multi‐stimuli‐responsive optical information with significantly improved abundance and dimensionality. The pseudo‐color postprocessing of the fluorescence images is performed to convert the analyte‐induced imperceptible color variations into easily perceptible color tonality change, resulting in ultra‐high sensitivity and excellent accuracy for naked‐eye quantitative detection of ALP and F− in human serum. Furthermore, the highly accurate pattern block‐based RGB (PB‐RGB) assay is demonstrated and the concept of RGB‐based 3D patterning codes is presented for highly reliable extraction of quantitative color information and high‐density information storage. The SPEV technique provides a universal route to realize instrument‐free precise visual quantitative detection, high‐density optical information storage, multi‐stimuli‐responsive encryption, and anti‐counterfeiting. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sanguisorba officinalis L. (SO), a well-known herbal medicine, has been proven to show effect against thrombocytopenia. However, metabolites of SO in vivo are still unclear, and the underlying mechanism of SO against thrombocytopenia from the aspect of metabolites have not been well elucidated. In this study, an improved analytical method combined with UHPLC-QTOF MS and a molecular network was developed for the rapid characterization of metabolites in vivo based on fragmentation patterns. Then, network pharmacology (NP) was used to elucidate the potential mechanism of SO against thrombocytopenia. As a result, a total of 1678 exogenous metabolites were detected in urine, feces, plasma, and bone marrow, in which 104 metabolites were tentatively characterized. These characterized metabolites that originated from plasma, urine, and feces were then imported to the NP analysis. The results showed that the metabolites from plasma, urine, and feces could be responsible for the pharmacological activity against thrombocytopenia by regulating the PI3K-Akt, MAPK, JAK-STAT, VEGF, chemokine, actin cytoskeleton, HIF-1, and pluripotency of stem cells. This study provides a rapid method for metabolite characterization and a new perspective of underlying mechanism study from the aspect of active metabolites in vivo. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The profiling of natural products is important in modern biological sciences and new drug development. However, the separation and characterization of complex herbal extracts are significantly challenging for researchers in the biochemical field. Herein, an offline two‐dimensional mixed‐mode liquid chromatography × reversed‐phase liquid chromatography system is developed. Our system exhibits high orthogonality and is composed of a newly prepared stationary phase in the first dimension and a traditional C18 phase in the second dimension, and is operated in combination with a high‐resolution mass spectrometry and molecular network. Sanguisorba officinalis L. is studied using the proposed method owing to its bioactivity. With the aid of orthogonal separation, the ionization of the individual components is improved. The number of detected compounds and separated peaks are significantly increased when one‐dimensional liquid chromatography is upgraded to two‐dimensional liquid chromatography. In addition, 270 compounds (127 of which are tentatively characterized as new compounds, and further confirmation is needed) are successfully characterized based on their fragmentation patterns under the guidance of molecular network, while only 95 compounds are characterized using one‐dimensional liquid chromatography and high‐resolution mass spectrometry. The results indicate that the developed offline two‐dimensional mixed‐mode liquid chromatography × reversed‐phase liquid chromatography, tandem high‐resolution mass spectrometry, and molecular network method are effective for profiling complex samples. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

(C) Representative scanning electron microscopy images of colonic bacteria on the colonic epithelial surface showing remarkable bacterial translocation to colonic epithelium in Gsdmd -/- and Gsdmd IEC mice but scattered bacteria in Gsdmd +/+ and Gsdmd f/f mice. Gasdermin D (GSDMD) is a recently identified pore-forming effector protein that causes membrane permeabilization and pyroptosis ([1]). Epithelial GSDMD is required for goblet cell mucus granule secretion and configures the host-microbial interface in the steady-state colon.(A) Representative scanning electron microscopy images of the distal colon of Gsdmd f/f, Gsdmd -/-, and Gsdmd IEC mice. Scale bars, 50 m. (J) Quantification of inner mucus layer thickness in Gsdmd +/+, Gsdmd f/f, Gsdmd -/-, and Gsdmd IEC mice. (I and K) Distal colon sections from Gsdmd f/f, Gsdmd -/-, and Gsdmd IEC mice stained with PAS/AB (I) and anti-Muc2 antibody (K) featured a loss of the thick continuous inner layer in Gsdmd -/- and Gsdmd IEC mice compared with controls. [Extracted from the article]

The NLRP3 inflammasome, a critical component of the innate immune system, induces caspase‐1 activation and interleukin‐1β maturation and drives cell fate toward pyroptosis. However, the mechanism of NLRP3 inflammasome activation still remains elusive. Here we provide evidence that AKT regulates NLRP3 inflammasome activation. Upon NLRP3 activation, AKT activity is inhibited by second stimulus‐induced reactive oxygen species. In contrast, AKT activation leads to NLRP3 inhibition and improved mitochondrial fitness. Mechanistically, AKT induces the phosphorylation of the DDX3X (DEAD‐box helicase 3, X‐linked), a recently identified NLRP3 inflammasome component, and impairs the interaction between DDX3X and NLRP3. Furthermore, an AKT agonist reduces NLRP3‐dependent inflammation in two in vivo models of LPS‐induced sepsis and Alum‐induced peritonitis. Altogether, our study highlights an important role of AKT in controlling NLRP3 inflammasome activation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]