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Gas temperature is one of the critical parameters that affects the velocity, temperature of particle and the consequent coating quality in cold spray additive manufacturing. The accurate control of the gas temperature is of great importance to the stability of the gas heating efficiency, deposition efficiency, and microstructure of coatings. Therefore, a numerical model was established using ANSYS-FLUENT to study the influence of PID strategy and traditional switch control strategy on the precise temperature of cold spraying gas. Results showed that both the stable time and the overshoot of gas temperature were significantly optimized when the PID strategy was applied. Moreover, the influences of the three factors (proportional, integral and derivative) in PID strategy on the stable time and the overshoot of gas temperature were investigated using an orthogonal experiment. The experimental results showed that the stable time and the overshoot were mainly affected by the proportional parameter and the integral parameter, respectively. With the increase of the proportional parameter and the integral parameter, the stable time and the overshoot rate reduced, and the control accuracy of the gas temperature increased.

As a new spraying method, suspension plasma spraying (SPS) can prepare biological coatings with uniform microstructures and few defects. In the paper, the principle of hydroxyapatite (HA) nano biological coatings prepared by SPS was introduced. The formation mechanisms of structure of sintering zones and densification zones were summarized, and the droplet evolution of the suspension during flight was analyzed. The effects of process parameters on HA biological coatings by SPS were discussed, and the deposition mechanisms of HA coatings were revealed. Besides, the mechanical properties, antibacterial properties, cell compatibility and in vitro bioactivity of HA coatings prepared by SPS were summarized.

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Objective: Do real-time strategy (RTS) video gamers have better attentional control? To examine this issue, we tested experienced versus inexperienced RTS video gamers on multi-object tracking tasks (MOT) and dual-MOT tasks with visual or auditory secondary tasks (dMOT). We employed a street-crossing task with a visual working memory task as a secondary task in a virtual reality (VR) environment to examine any generalized attentional advantage. Background: Similar to action video games, RTS video games require players to switch attention between multiple visual objects and views. However, whether the attentional control advantage is limited by sensory modalities or generalizes to real-life tasks remains unclear. Method: In study 1, 25 RTS video game players (SVGP) and 25 non-video game players (NVGP) completed the MOT task and two dMOT tasks. In study 2, a different sample with 25 SVGP and 25 NVGP completed a simulated street-crossing task with the visual dual task in a VR environment. Results: After controlling the effects of the speed-accuracy trade-off, SVGP showed better performance than NVGP in the MOT task and the visual dMOT task, but SVGP did not perform better in either the auditory dMOT task or the street-crossing task. Conclusion: RTS video gamers had better attentional control in visual computer tasks, but not in the auditory tasks and the VR tasks. Attentional control benefits associated with RTS video game experience may be limited by sensory modalities, and may not translate to performance benefits in real-life tasks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Luteolin can affect multiple biological functions, such as anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and immune enhancement processes. Luteolin can inhibit inflammation of T2-high asthma, but its role in neutrophilic asthma has been insufficently studied. This study determines the effect of luteolin on IL-36γ secretion-mediated MAPK pathway signalling in neutrophilic asthma. The asthma model was established by using ovalbumin/lipopolysaccharide (OVA/LPS). Female 6–8-week-old C57BL/6 mice were divided into control, asthma, luteolin (20 mg/kg) and asthma + luteolin (20 mg/kg) groups. To explore the mechanism of anti-inflammatory effects of luteolin in neutrophilic asthma, Beas-2B cells were treated with luteolin (20 µmol/L), LPS (100 ng/mL), recombinant human IL-36γ protein (rhIL-36γ; 100 ng/mL) or IL-36γ siRNA. IL-36γ secretion and MAPK/IL-1β signalling were significantly increased in the asthma mouse model compared with the control (p < 0.05). However, the levels of IL-36γ secretion and MAPK/IL-1β signalling were reduced by luteolin (p < 0.05). In addition, luteolin inhibited IL-36γ and MAPK/IL-1β levels after LPS (100 ng/mL) stimulation of Beas-2B cells (p < 0.05). We found that in Beas-2B cells, luteolin inhibited activation of the MAPK pathway and IL-1β secretion following stimulation with rhIL-36γ (100 ng/mL; p < 0.05). Finally, IL-1β and phosphorylated MAPK levels were found to be lower in the IL-36γ siRNA + LPS (100 ng/mL) group than in the nonspecific control (NC) siRNA + LPS group (p < 0.05). Luteolin alleviated neutrophilic asthma by inhibiting IL-36γ secretion-mediated MAPK pathways. These findings provided a theoretical basis for the application of luteolin in the treatment of neutrophilic asthma. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To identify the representative attributes of the five elements of a person with a qualitative methodology and provide the basis for the clinical diagnosis and treatment of "people with the five elements in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM)." Data collected from the literature review, two sessions of brainstorming of experts with related experience in "people with the five elements in TCM" from October 2020 to December 2020, and six rounds of in-depth interviews with 30 participants who had various attributes of the five elements from March 2021 to October 2021 were analyzed. Triangulation was used in this study, and theming and synthesizing were used to analyze the data. A total of 31 experts and 30 interviewees participated in this study. The median age of the experts and interviewees were 48.0 and 38.5 years, respectively; 51.66% and 54.8% of experts and interviewees, respectively, were men. The descriptors of facial diagrams of "people with the five elements in TCM" were complexion, shape, distribution state of facial bones, convergence trend of facial muscles, and facial expression. A theoretical model of "people with the five elements in TCM" was shaped based on these findings. The study suggests a possibility for bridging the gap between personality and bodily state, identifying an avenue for personality research from the perspective of TCM. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We review recent determinations of the Boltzmann constant kB and the differences T − T90 that used cylindrical acoustic gas thermometry (c-AGT). These determinations measured the acoustic resonance frequencies of argon gas enclosed by metal-walled, cylindrical cavities. (Here, T is the thermodynamic temperature and T90 is the temperature measured on the International Temperature Scale of 1990, ITS-90.) In the range 234–303 K, the standard uncertainty of c-AGT ranges from 1.9 × 10−6T to 2.6 × 10−6T. This uncertainty is much smaller than the errors in ITS-90; therefore, c-AGT can help improve ITS-90. Moreover, we are extending c-AGT up to 1358 K. With increasing temperatures, c-AGT becomes advantageous relative to AGT based on quasi-spherical cavities because long cylindrical cavities (1) naturally fit into cylindrical heat pipes or multi-shelled thermostats; (2) provide the immersion required by transfer temperature standards, such as long-stemmed platinum resistance thermometers; and (3) have more useful, low-frequency acoustic resonances. In preparation for high-temperature c-AGT, we identified suitable materials for fabricating cylindrical cavities and we developed techniques for measuring acoustic resonance frequencies using sources and detectors outside the high-temperature thermostat. We also considered alternative test gases and optimal dimensions of cavities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

C14H14CdI2N6, triclinic, P1̄ (no. 2), a = 7.9247(5) Å, b = 8.9507(5) Å, c = 13.5143(8) Å, α = 92.428(2)°, β = 92.085(3)°, γ = 98.871(3)°, V = 945.38(10) Å3, Z = 2, Rgt(F) = 0.0281, wRref(F2) = 0.0653, T = 298(2) K.

Piezoelectric materials are sensitive to lattice strain, which is always related with their macroscopic properties. Therefore, it is of scientific significance to improve piezocatalytic performance by strain engineering and clarify the underlying mechanism. Herein, BaTiO3 (BTO) powder is fabricated by a solid‐state reaction and ball‐milling is employed to induce lattice strain in BTO. By prolonging ball‐milling time, the lattice strain increases, leading to an enhancement of tetragonality and piezocatalytic performance of BTO. The strain‐engineered BTO exhibited an excellent piezocatalytic activity, with a degradation rate constant k of ∼0.03 min−1 and a H2 evolution rate of 0.899 mmol g−1 h−1, which are 3 and 3.52 times those of the strain‐free one, respectively. The enhanced piezocatalytic performance can be ascribed to the improved piezoelectricity, piezoelectric polarization and adsorption activities for O2, OH and H of the strain‐engineered BTO. This work not only provides a simple and general method to improve piezocatalytic performance by strain engineering, but also unveils the enhancement mechanism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims: To identify subgroups of people with internet gaming disorder (IGD) based on addiction‐related resting‐state functional connectivity and how these subgroups show different clinical correlates and responses to treatment. Design: Secondary analysis of two functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) data sets. Setting: Zhejiang province and Beijing, China. Participants: One hundred and sixty‐nine IGD and 147 control subjects. Measurements k‐Means algorithmic and support‐vector machine‐learning approaches were used to identify subgroups of IGD subjects. These groups were examined with respect to assessments of craving, behavioral activation and inhibition, emotional regulation, cue–reactivity and guessing‐related measures. Findings Two groups of subjects with IGD were identified and defined by distinct patterns of connectivity in brain networks previously implicated in addictions: subgroup 1 ('craving‐related subgroup') and subgroup 2 ('mixed psychological subgroup'). Clustering IGD on this basis enabled the development of diagnostic classifiers with high sensitivity and specificity for IGD subgroups in 10‐fold validation (n = 218) and out‐of‐sample replication (n = 98) data sets. Subgroup 1 is characterized by high craving scores, cue–reactivity during fMRI and responsiveness to a craving behavioral intervention therapy. Subgroup 2 is characterized by high craving, behavioral inhibition and activations scores, non‐adaptive emotion‐regulation strategies and guessing‐task fMRI measures. Subgroups 1 and 2 showed largely opposite functional–connectivity patterns in overlapping networks. Conclusions: There appear to be two subgroups of people with internet gaming disorder, each associated with differing patterns of brain functional connectivity and distinct clinical symptom profiles and gender compositions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Marital quality may decrease during the early years of marriage. Establishing models predicting individualized marital quality may help develop timely and effective interventions to maintain or improve marital quality. Given that marital interactions have an important impact on marital well-being cross-sectionally and prospectively, neural responses during marital interactions may provide insight into neural bases underlying marital well-being. The current study applies connectome-based predictive modeling, a recently developed machine-learning approach, to functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) data from both partners of 25 early-stage Chinese couples to examine whether an individual's unique pattern of brain functional connectivity (FC) when responding to spousal interactive behaviors can reliably predict their own and their partners' marital quality after 13 months. Results revealed that husbands' FC involving multiple large networks, when responding to their spousal interactive behaviors, significantly predicted their own and their wives' marital quality, and this predictability showed gender specificity. Brain connectivity patterns responding to general emotional stimuli and during the resting state were not significantly predictive. This study demonstrates that husbands' differences in large-scale neural networks during marital interactions may contribute to their variability in marital quality and highlights gender-related differences. The findings lay a foundation for identifying reliable neuroimaging biomarkers for developing interventions for marital quality early in marriages. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Alterations in brain connectivity have been implicated in internet gaming disorder (IGD). However, little is known about alterations in whole-brain connectivity and their associations with long-term treatment outcomes. Here, we used a relatively new analytic approach, intrinsic connectivity distribution (ICD) analysis, to examine brain connectivity in 74 IGD participants and 41 matched healthy controls (HCs) and conducted post hoc seed-based resting-state functional connectivity (rsFC) analyses based on the ICD findings. We also examined how these findings related to outcomes involving a craving behavioral intervention (CBI) for IGD. IGD participants showed less whole-brain connectivity in the left angular gyrus and ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC) compared with HC participants. Seed-based rsFC analyses revealed that the left angular gyrus in the IGD group showed less connectivity with areas involved in the default-mode network and greater connectivity with areas in the salience and executive control networks. CBI was associated with improved connectivity within regions in the default-mode network and regions across the default-mode and salience networks. ICD-identified connectivity differences in the left angular gyrus and vmPFC were related to changes in craving and severity of addiction 6 months after the intervention. The findings suggest that IGD is associated with alterations in brain connectivity that may be sensitive to interventions. Thus, the findings have implications for understanding mechanisms underlying CBI effects and for further treatment development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-like cytokine 1A (TL1A), a member of the TNF family, exists in the form of membrane-bound (mTL1A) and soluble protein (sTL1A). TL1A binding its only known functional receptor death domain receptor 3 (DR3) affects the transmission of various signals. This study first proposed that the TL1A/DR3 axis was significantly upregulated in patients and mice with both asthma and high TNF-a expression and in TNF-a-stimulated epithelial Beas-2B cells. Two independent approaches were used to demonstrate that the TL1A/DR3 axis of mice was strongly correlated with TNF-a in terms of exacerbating asthmatic epithelial–mesenchymal transformation (EMT). First, high expression levels of EMT proteins (e.g., collagen I, fibronectin, N-cadherin, and vimentin) and TL1A/DR3 axis were observed when mice airways were stimulated by recombinant mouse TNF-a protein. Moreover, EMT protein and TL1A/DR3 axis expression synchronously decreased after mice with OVA-induced asthma were treated with infliximab by neutralizing TNF-a activity. Furthermore, the OVA-induced EMT of asthmatic mice was remarkably improved upon the deletion of the TL1A/DR3 axis by knocking out the TL1A gene. TL1A siRNA remarkably intervened EMT formation induced by TNF-a in the Beas-2B cells. In addition, EMT was induced by the addition of high concentrations of recombinant human sTL1A with the cell medium. The TL1A overexpression via pc-mTL1A in vitro remarkably increased the EMT formation induced by TNF-a. Overall, these findings indicate that the TL1A/DR3 axis may have a therapeutic role for asthmatic with high TNF-a level. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]