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BackgroundVascular localization is crucial for perforator flap transfer. Augmented reality offers a novel method to seamlessly combine real information with virtual objects created by computed tomographic angiography to help the surgeon “see through” the skin and precisely localize the perforator. The head-mounted display augmented reality system HoloLens (Microsoft) could facilitate augmented reality–based perforator localization for a more convenient and safe procedure. ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to evaluate the precision of the HoloLens-based vascular localization system, as the most important performance indicator of a new localization system. MethodsThe precision of the HoloLens-based vascular localization system was tested in a simulated operating room under different conditions with a three-dimensional (3D) printed model. The coordinates of five pairs of points on the vascular map that could be easily identified on the 3D printed model and virtual model were detected by a probe, and the distance between the corresponding points was calculated as the navigation error. ResultsThe mean errors were determined under different conditions, with a minimum error of 1.35 mm (SD 0.43) and maximum error of 3.18 mm (SD 1.32), which were within the clinically acceptable range. There were no significant differences in the errors obtained under different visual angles, different light intensities, or different states (static or motion). However, the error was larger when tested with light compared with that tested without light. ConclusionsThis precision evaluation demonstrated that the HoloLens system can precisely localize the perforator and potentially help the surgeon accomplish the operation. The authors recommend using HoloLens-based surgical navigation without light.

Carbon emission intensity is an important index reflecting an entity’s low-carbon competitiveness. This paper presents an extended logarithmic mean divisia index (LMDI) model to dissect carbon intensity within China’s civil aviation from 1998 to 2019, revealing a significant reduction in CO2 emissions per air transport revenue. It attributes this decrease to technological advancements, optimized fleet structures, and improved operational efficiencies, highlighting the impact of larger, more efficient aircraft and enhanced load factors. The study also explores economic factors influencing carbon efficiency, suggesting a comprehensive approach encompassing technological innovation and strategic operational improvements for sustainable aviation development.

Background: Elevated extracellular matrix (ECM) accumulation is a major contributing factor to the pathogenesis of fibrotic diseases. Recent studies have indicated that N6‐methyladenosine (m6A) RNA modification plays a pivotal role in modulating RNA stability and contribute to the initiation of various pathological conditions. Howbeit, the precise mechanism by which m6A influences ECM deposition remains unclear. Methods: In this study, we used hypertrophic scars (HTSs) as a paradigm to investigate ECM‐related diseases. We focused on the role of ALKBH5‐mediated m6A demethylation within the pathological progression of HTSs and examined its correlation with clinical stages. The effects of ALKBH5 ablation on ECM components were studied both in vivo and in vitro. Downstream targets of ALKBH5, along with their underlying mechanisms, were identified using integrated high‐throughput analysis, RNA‐binding protein immunoprecipitation and RNA pull‐down assays. Furthermore, the therapeutic potential of exogenous ALKBH5 overexpression was evaluated in fibrotic scar models. Results: ALKBH5 was decreased in fibroblasts derived from HTS lesions and was negatively correlated with their clinical stages. Importantly, ablation of ALKBH5 promoted the expression of COL3A1, COL1A1, and ELN, leading to pathological deposition and reconstruction of the ECM both in vivo and in vitro. From a therapeutic perspective, the exogenous overexpression of ALKBH5 significantly inhibited abnormal collagen deposition in fibrotic scar models. As determined by integrated high‐throughput analysis, key ECM components including COL3A1, COL1A1, and ELN are direct downstream targets of ALKBH5. By means of its mechanism, ALKBH5 inhibits the expression of COL3A1, COL1A1, and ELN by removing m6A from mRNAs, thereby decreasing their stability in a YTHDF1‐dependent manner. Conclusions: Our study identified ALKBH5 as an endogenous suppressor of pathological ECM deposition, contributing to the development of a reprogrammed m6A‐targeted therapy for HTSs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To evaluate the effectiveness of topical application of basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) on pressure ulcers (PUs). Method: Relevant randomised controlled trials (RCTs) published from database creation to July 2018 were systematically searched. Pooled risk ratios (RR) with 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) were calculated to assess mean healing time in days as a measure of treatment efficacy. Standardised mean differences (SMD) with 95%CI were calculated to assess the proportion of complete healing. Funnel plots and Egger's regression tests were used to assess publication bias. Results: In total, 12 RCTs encompassing 664 PUs were included. The pooled effect size demonstrated a significant difference in complete healing proportions between the control groups and subjects treated with bFGF (RR=1.61 (1.40–1.85); p<0.001) and mean healing time (SMD=–1.97 (–2.54– –1.40); p<0.001). There was no indication of significant publication bias in the primary analysis. Sensitivity analysis demonstrated that the results of the meta−analysis were reliable. Conclusion: In this review, topical application of recombinant bFGF was found to be effective in the treatment of PUs. Given the limitations of the reports included, additional RCTs of higher power are warranted to confirm our findings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The ball screw is an essential component in feed drive systems whose accuracy is seriously affected by machine tool internal and external heat sources. In this paper, a thermal error compensation method for ball screws is proposed based on the extreme gradient boosting (XGBoost) algorithm and thermal expansion principle. An XGBoost predictive model is established using the time series temperature data collected from thermal characteristics experiments. Furthermore, the predictive performance between the XGBoost algorithm and BP neural network is compared to validate the effectiveness and robustness of the proposed model. The results show that the XGBoost model has better predictive performance. Based on this, the temperature of key points on the ball screw can be obtained, and thermal error (which is useful for pulse compensation) is predicted. Simultaneously, thermal error compensation experiments are carried out on the ball screw bench with average results of more than 45%. The presented thermal error compensation method proved effective and can provide a foundation for precision machining. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]