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Using a new type of insect probe trap, the activity and distribution of Tribolium castaneum in wheat grain bulks inside experimental silos were collected and analyzed to investigate its distribution patterns and main influencing factors within the grain bulks. An equation for estimating insect population density was established to provide a scientific basis for accurate monitoring and early warning. The results showed that the daily capture of Tribolium castaneum did not change significantly over time. When the insect population density was low, Tribolium castaneum was mainly distributed in the top and middle layers of the grain bulk. When the insect population density was high, Tribolium castaneum was uniformly distributed within the grain bulk. Tribolium castaneum exhibited thermophilic and hygrophilic behaviors, with an optimal activity temperature range of 22~30 ℃ and a relative humidity range of 40%~53%. By comprehensively analyzing the spatial and temporal distribution patterns of the insect population and the effects of temperature and humidity, the actual insect population density could be estimated based on the number of insects captured by the probe traps. The equation for estimating the insect population density was: y = 10.566 – 0.321 × x1 – 0.017 × x2 + 0.026 × x3, x1: temperature (℃), x2: relative humidity (%), x3: number of insects captured.

BACKGROUND At present, the supervision of antibiotic abuse and its research is being strengthened. In recent years, antibiotics have been detected in varying degrees in water in central China. This reinforces the concern of the pollution of antibiotics in surface and groundwater. OBJECTIVES To investigate the distribution characteristics of 29 antibiotics in groundwater in Harbin. METHODS A total of 26 groups of groundwater samples were collected in Harbin, and the sampling scope included habitation and production areas such as densely populated, industrial production, agricultural districts and animal husbandry. The ultra-performance liquid chromatography-triple quadrupole mass spectrometry method was used to analyze 29 kinds of antibiotics covering six types, including sulfonamides, quinolones, macrolides, β-lactams, tetracyclines, and lincosamides. RESULTS Antibiotics in the groundwater of Harbin were mainly composed of sulfonamides, quinolones, macrolides and tetracyclines and the detection rates were 61.5%, 46.2%, 42.3% and 38.5%, respectively. The content of antibiotics detected ranged from 0.02 to 681ng/L, and the highest contents of sulfathiazole, sulfadiazine, and lincomycin were more than 100ng/L. The average content of quinolones was low compared with some domestic and international areas (such as Beijing, Tianjin, and Barcelona). Sampling sites with higher antibiotic levels were mainly found in the central, southern and eastern regions of the city. These areas are also relatively densely populated and are generally distributed around pharmaceutical factories, urban sewage outlets, and poultry and livestock farms. CONCLUSIONS The distribution characteristics of antibiotics in groundwater in Harbin are strongly related to the impact of human production and living activities.

The plastic shear resistance of commercially pure titanium (TA1) surface is low and the protective effect of oxide film is limited. Serious wear behavior will occur during sliding friction. The friction and wear behavior of TA1 disc treated by high temperature oxidation was studied by means of high temperature friction and wear tester, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS).The results show, because of the lubrication effect of abrasive debris, under the same load and wear time, the friction coefficient of TA1 with oxide layer ranges from 0.07 to 0.3, and that of TA1 without oxide layer ranges from 0.55 to 0.9.The higher the friction and wear test temperature is, the more and deeper the furrow morphology distribution is at the friction area of TA1 with oxidation layer. For TA1 specimens without oxide layer, with the increase of temperature and the prolongation of grinding time, cracks are easier to propagate and form delamination wear. The main wear modes of TA1 material are delamination wear, adhesion wear and oxidation wear. The adhesion wear of TA1 material without oxide film and oxygen-rich layer is more serious. Different surface hardnesses and wear mechanisms result in different friction and wear properties at high temperature.

The radar monitor of aircraft wake vortex is of great significance to air traffic control. Comparing with the case in clear air, the radar signal of wake vortices in rainy conditions is more easily captured due to the higher levels of signal. To able to analyze radar echo characteristics of evolving wake vortices, the numerical simulation of the evolution of the wake vortices in various rain rates has been performed based on the Euler-Euler frame. The result shows that the rainfall can accelerate the decay of wake vortices. A radar simulator has been represented to process the radar echo signal of raindrops around the wake vortex. The Doppler spectrum of echo signals in radar resolution volumes has been analyzed and the straight vortex and the vortex ring phases show different characteristics of spectrum width. The Doppler width information based on this result of interaction between the wake vortex and rain can be used for assessing the decay phase of wake vortices and monitoring potential hazard for wake vortex encounters.

Copyright of Rare Metals is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In vertebrates, anti‐Mullerian hormone (Amh) secreted by Sertoli cells (SC) performs a pivotal function in male sex differentiation. Compared with that of higher vertebrates, the expression pattern of Amh is more diversified in fish. In this study, the full‐length complementary DNA (cDNA) of Amh in Centropyge vrolikii (Cv‐Amh) was cloned and analysed, which was 2,470 bp, including a 238 bp 5'UTR, a 1,602 bp ORF and a 633 bp 3'UTR; the similarity of Amh between Cv‐Amh and other fish is relatively high. The quantitative real‐time PCR (qRT‐PCR) results of healthy tissues and gonads at sex reversal stages in C. vrolikii showed that the expression level of Amh in the testis was significantly higher than that in other tissues (P < 0.05). Amh was weakly expressed in the vitellogenic stage ovary and perinucleolus stage ovary, but its expression significantly increased in the gonads at the hermaphroditic stage, and finally reached the highest in the pure testis after sexual reversal. The results of in situ hybridization indicated that the positive signal of Amh was strongly concentrated in SCs of testis. After Amh knockdown in the gonads, the effect on sex‐related genes was tested using qRT‐PCR. Among these, the expression of Dmrt1, Cyp11a, Hsd11b2, Sox8 and Sox9 significantly decreased, whereas that of Cyp19a, Sox4, Foxl2 and Sox3 increased. These results suggested that Amh could be the pivotal gene in reproductive regulation in C. vrolikii, and the data will contribute to sex‐related research of C. vrolikii in the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Rare Metals is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Chinese herb pairs are the most basic and compressed examples of Chinese herbal combinations and can be used to effectively explain the fundamental concepts of traditional Chinese medicine prescriptions. These pairings have gained significant interest due to their subtle therapeutic benefits, minimal side effects, and efficacy in treating complicated chronic conditions. The Banxia–Xiakucao Chinese herb pair (BXHP) consists of Pinellia ternata (Thunb.) Breit. (Banxia) and Prunella vulgaris L. (Xiakucao). This formula was documented in The Medical Classic of the Yellow Emperor approximately 2000 years ago，and clinical research has demonstrated that BXHP effectively treats insomnia. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy and therapeutic mechanism of the BXHP through a comprehensive strategy involving network pharmacology, molecular docking, transcriptomics, and molecular biology experimental validation. The composition of BXHP was characterized using the UPLC-Q-TOF-MS. The active compounds were screened to find drug-likeness compounds by analyzing the ADME data. To predict the molecular mechanism of BXHP in sleep deprivation (SD) by network pharmacology and molecular docking. We established a rat model of SD and the in vivo efficacy of BXHP was verified through the pentobarbital sodium righting reflex test, behavioral assays, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, transmission electron microscopy, HE staining, and Nissl staining, and the underlying molecular mechanism of BXHP in SD was revealed through transcriptomic and bioinformatic analyses in conjunction with quantitative real-time PCR, Western blot, and immunofluorescence staining. In the present study, we showed for the first time that BXHP reduced sleep latency, prolongs sleep duration, and improves anxiety; lowered serum CORT, IL6, TNF-α and MDA levels; decreased hypothalamic Glu levels; and elevated hypothalamic GABA and 5-HT levels in SD rats. We found 16 active compounds that acted on 583 targets, 145 of which are related to SD. By modularly dissecting the PPI network, we discovered three critical targets, Akt1, CREB1, and PRKACA, all of which play important roles in the effects of BXHP on SD. Molecular docking resulted in the identification of 16 active compounds that strongly bind to key targets. The results of GO and KEGG enrichment analyses of network pharmacology and transcriptomics focused on both the regulation of circadian rhythm and the cAMP signaling pathway, which strongly demonstrated that BXHP affects SD via the cAMP-PKA-CREB-Circadian rhythm pathway. Molecular biology experiments verified this hypothesis. Following BXHP administration, PKA and CREB phosphorylation levels were elevated in SD rats, the cAMP-PKA-CREB signaling pathway was activated, the expression levels of the biological clock genes CLOCK, p-BMAL1/BMAL1, and PER3 were increased, and the rhythmicity of the biological clock was improved. The active compounds in BXHP can activate the cAMP-PKA-CREB-Circadian rhythm pathway, improve the rhythmicity of the biological clock, promote sleep and ameliorate anxiety, which suggests that BXHP improves SD through a multicomponent, multitarget, multipathway mechanism. This study is important for the development of herbal medicines and clinical therapies for improving sleep deprivation. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Optimized New Shengmai Powder (ONSMP) is a sophisticated traditional Chinese medicinal formula renowned for bolstering vital energy, optimizing blood circulation, and mitigating fluid retention. After years of clinical application, ONSMP has shown a significant impact in improving myocardial injury and cardiac function and has a positive effect on treating heart failure. However, many unknowns exist about the molecular biological mechanisms of how ONSMP exerts its therapeutic effects, which require further research and exploration. Exploring the potential molecular biological mechanisms by which ONSMP ameliorates cardiomyocyte apoptosis and ferroptosis in ischemic heart failure (IHF). First, we constructed a rat model of IHF by inducing acute myocardial infarction through surgery and using echocardiography, organ coefficients, markers of heart failure, antioxidant markers, and histopathological examination to assess the effects of ONSMP on cardiomyocyte apoptosis and ferroptosis in IHF rats. Next, we used bioinformatics analysis techniques to analyze the active components, signaling pathways, and core targets of ONSMP and calculated the interactions between core targets and corresponding elements. Finally, we detected the positive expression of apoptosis and ferroptosis markers and core indicators of signaling pathways by immunohistochemistry; detected the mean fluorescence intensity of core indicators of signaling pathways by immunofluorescence; detected the protein expression of signaling pathways and downstream effector molecules by western blotting; and detected the mRNA levels of p53 and downstream effector molecules by quantitative polymerase chain reaction. ONSMP can activate the Ser83 site of ASK by promoting the phosphorylation of the PI3K/AKT axis, thereby inhibiting the MKK3/6-p38 axis and the MKK4/7-JNK axis signaling to reduce p53 expression, and can also directly target and inhibit the activity of p53, ultimately inhibiting p53-mediated mRNA and protein increases in PUMA, SAT1, PIG3, and TFR1, as well as mRNA and protein decreases in SLC7A11, thereby inhibiting cardiomyocyte apoptosis and ferroptosis, effectively improving cardiac function and ventricular remodeling in IHF rat models. ONSMP can inhibit cardiomyocyte apoptosis and ferroptosis through the PI3K/AKT/p53 signaling pathway, delaying the development of IHF. [Display omitted] • Optimized New Shengmai Powder can reduce myocardial injury and improve the cardiac function of ischemic heart failure rats. • Apoptosis and ferroptosis are involved in the anti-myocardial injury effect mediated by Optimized New Shengmai Powder. • Optimized New Shengmai Powder regulates the PI3K/AKT/p53 signaling pathway to inhibit cardiomyocyte apoptosis and ferroptosis, providing a new perspective for the treatment of ischemic heart failure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purge and trap gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) is established for the determination of 60 volatile organic compounds (VOC) in groundwater of enterprise land of key industries. The purge and trap conditions are optimized by selecting Watsons double-distilled water as blank water, ion and full scanning alternating mode for qualitative-quantitative analysis and determination of types and dosages of protective agent. The detection limit of the method is 0.3-1.2 µig/L, with the linear range of 0-250 µg/L, and correlation coefficient (R2) of 0.9907-0.9999. The spiked average recovery ofthree different concentrations are 87.2%-117%, with the relative standard deviation of 1.7% -9.7%, which is better than the quality control requirements of Technical Specifications on Quality Assurance and Control of Survey for Enterprise Land of Key Industries (Trial)" for VOCs in groundwater. The method adds test types of VOCs, with wide linear range and high sensitivity, suitable for rapid batch analysis of 60 VOCs in groundwater of enterprise land of various key industries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To compare the surgical outcomes of debridement, antibiotics, and single‐stage total hip replacement (DASR) vs two‐stage arthroplasty (two‐stage arthroplasty) for chronic destructive septic hip arthritis (SHA). Methods: Cases of chronic destructive SHA treated by DASR or two‐stage arthroplasty in our department from January 2008 to October 2021 were retrospectively reviewed. Patient demographic information, perioperative inflammation markers, intraoperative blood loss, microbial culture, and metagenomic new generation sequencing results were recorded. The perioperative complications, hospital stay, hospitalization cost, infection recurrence rate, and Harris Hip Score (HHS) at the last follow‐up were compared between the two groups. Results: A total of 28 patients were included in the study, including 11 patients who received DASR and 17 patients who received two‐stage arthroplasty. There was no significant difference in demographic information, preoperative serum inflammatory markers, synovial fluid white blood cell count, or percentage of polymorphonuclear leukocytes between the two groups. The DASR group demonstrated significantly lower intraoperative blood loss [(368.2 ± 253.3) mL vs (638.2 ± 170.0) mL, p = 0.002], hospital stay [(22.6 ± 8.1) days vs (43.5 ± 13.2) days, p < 0.0001], and hospitalization expenses [(81,269 ± 11,496) RMB vs (137,524 ± 25,516) RMB, p < 0.0001] than the two‐stage arthroplasty group. In the DASR group, one patient had dislocation as a complication. There were no cases with recurrence of infection. In the two‐stage arthroplasty group, there was one case complicated with spacer fracture, one case with spacer dislocation, and one case with deep vein thrombosis of the lower limbs. There were no cases with recurrence of infection. There were no significant differences in the readmission rate, complication rate, or HHS at the last follow‐up between the two groups. Conclusions: Both DASR and two‐stage arthroplasty achieved a satisfactory infection cure rate and functional recovery for chronic destructive SHA, and DASR demonstrated significantly lower intraoperative blood loss, hospital stay, and hospitalization costs than two‐stage arthroplasty. For appropriately indicated patients, if microbial data are available and a standardized debridement protocol is strictly followed, DASR can be a treatment option. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Antibiotic contamination in groundwater has been concerned in recent years. Due to the trace-level concentration of antibiotics, the processes for sampling, extraction and detection are highly required. The diffusive gradients in thin films (DGT) is used to establish the in situ enrichment sampling method of antibiotics in groundwater, and antibiotics such as sulfonamides, quinolones, tetracyclines and macrolides are successfully enriched. Besides, the ultra-high performance liquid chromatogrphy tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) is applied for the detection method of 26 typical antibiotics in groundwater, with optimized extraction conditions. The results show that the sampling and testing methods have good enrichment effect and detection sensitivity for analysis of antibiotics in groundwater. The appropriate in-situ enrichment sampling time of groundwater is 20-30 d, with instrument detection limit of 0.002-0.074 ng/L, average recovery of 47.7%-94.6% and precision of 4.45%-10.84%. The in situ enrichment sampling method of antibiotics in groundwater through DGT is simple and can be used for trace analysis of antibiotics in groundwater combined with UPLC-MS/MS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

According to the different organizational forms of logistics in manufacturing, the types of linkage development between the logistics and manufacturing industries include two different logistics service modes: logistics outsourcing and logistics self-operation. This study considers two manufacturing clusters for comparison: the northeast region in China, mainly state-owned and self-operated, and the Yangtze River Delta region in China, mainly focusing on logistics outsourcing services. First, we construct a parallel network system considering heterogeneity and an unexpected super-efficiency slacks-based measure: the Grey Relational Analysis model. Second, considering the unexpected output, this study evaluates the environmental performance of the linkage development of the logistics and manufacturing industries and explains the types of linkage development between them. Finally, the spatial and temporal characteristics of linkage efficiency under different linkage modes are studied using an exploratory spatial data analysis method. The research results show that the efficiency of the two-industry linkage in different linkage types that consider the unexpected output presents different development characteristics. Regarding time characteristics and trends, we compare the development efficiency of the two-industry linkage at the overall level of the northeast and the Yangtze River Delta regions from 2009 to 2016. The Yangtze River Delta region showed a higher state of linkage while the northeast region showed a medium linkage state. Regarding spatial pattern evolution, the effect of the technical efficiency of the linkage between the two industries in the three northeastern provinces showed continuous evolution from the medium linkage stage to the weak linkage stage, and the Yangtze River Delta showed continuous evolution from the medium linkage to the strong linkage stage. Implications: Due to data availability, references to the relevant achievements of the research on the linkage between the manufacturing and logistics industries, the transportation industry, warehousing, and postal and telecommunications industry data are generally used as logistics industry data. Manufacturing data are replaced by industrial data. The manufacturing industry is the core industry of industrial systems. Its output value accounts for more than 90% of the industrial output. Thus, it can reflect the development trend of the manufacturing industry in general. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Up to now, at least 806 carbon allotropes have been proposed theoretically. Three interesting carbon allotropes (named Pbam-32, P6/mmm, and) were recently uncovered based on a random sampling strategy combined with space group and graph theory. The calculation results show that they are superhard and remarkably stable compared with previously proposed metastable phases. This indicates that they are likely to be synthesized in experiment. We use the factor group analysis method to analyze their Γ -point vibrational modes. Owing to their large number of atoms in primitive unit cells (32 atoms in Pbam-32, 36 atoms in P6/mmm, and 94 atoms in), they have many Raman- and infrared-active modes. There are 48 Raman-active modes and 37 infrared-active modes in Pbam-32, 24 Raman-active modes and 14 infrared-active modes in P6/mmm, and 34 Raman-active modes and 35 Raman- and infrared-active modes in. Their calculated Raman spectra can be divided into middle frequency range from 600 cm−1 to 1150 cm−1 and high frequency range above 1150 cm−1. Their largest infrared intensities are 0.82, 0.77, and 0.70 (D/Ĺ)2/amu for Pbam, P6/mmm, and , respectively. Our calculated results provide an insight into the lattice vibrational spectra of these sp3 carbon allotropes and suggest that the middle frequency Raman shift and infrared spectrum may play a key role in identifying newly proposed carbon allotropes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Medical gas is a large class of bioactive gases used in clinical medicine and basic scientific research. At present, the role of medical gas in neuroprotection has received growing attention. Stroke is a leading cause of death and disability in adults worldwide, but current treatment is still very limited. The common pathological changes of these two types of stroke may include excitotoxicity, free radical release, inflammation, cell death, mitochondrial disorder, and blood-brain barrier disruption. In this review, we will discuss the pathological mechanisms of stroke and the role of two medical gases (hydrogen and hydrogen sulfide) in stroke, which may potentially provide a new insight into the treatment of stroke. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Photoluminescent alginate hydrogels containing covalently linked YVO4–Eu3+ have been prepared by using a facile method. The environmentally friendly preparation procedure was carried out at room temperature using water as a solvent. The photoluminescent hydrogels showed outstanding acetone sensing properties with quick response, high sensitivity, short recovery time and good reversibility. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An iridium(III)‐catalyzed three‐component reaction of enamides, aryldiazonium tetrafluoroborates, and 1,4‐diazabicyclo[2.2.2]octane bis(sulfur dioxide) (DABSO) for the direct C(sp2)−H arylsulfonylation of enamides is developed. This transformation provides a robust and straightforward approach for preparing a diverse array of β‐amidovinyl sulfones in moderate to excellent yields and high stereoselectivities without Light‐emitting diode (LED) radiation. This transformation also features mild conditions, broad substrate scopes, and excellent functional group tolerance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the present study, the magnetic domains and their evolution during magnetization process have been investigated for sintered Nd-Fe-B permanent magnets with Kerr microscopy. Observation of the magnetic domain evolution process during magnetization process shows that some domain walls were pinned at the grain boundary area under magnetic field up to 5 kOe. It is suggested that magnetic interaction between individual Nd2Fe14B grains contacting to each other leads to appearance of small closed domains near the grain boundary area, which are responsible for the pinning effect. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We prove that on a smooth metric measure space with m−Bakry-Émery curvature bounded from below by −( m − 1) K for some constant K≥0 (i.e., Ric f, m≥−( m − 1) K), the following degenerate elliptic equation [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]