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The present study aims to develop the Cyberbullying Awareness Scale (CAS) for adolescents, which assesses adolescents' awareness about cyberbullying, and to examine the psychometric properties of the scale by conducting validity and reliability studies. In this context, evidence on the validity and reliability of the scale was obtained in two separate studies. In Study 1 (N = 552), scale items were developed, content validity was examined, and exploratory factor analysis (EFA) was performed to determine the factor structure of the scale. In addition, criterion-related validity and reliability analyses were performed. The mean age of the participants in Study 1 was 14.6. In Study 2 (N = 338), Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) was performed to confirm the factorial structure obtained as a result of EFA. The mean age of the participants in Study 2 was 14.8. As a result of the research, it was determined that the CAS for adolescents had a three-factor structure comprised of Cyberbullying Tendency, Coping with Cyberbullying and Protection from Cyberbullying. The internal consistency coefficients were calculated as 0.80 for the Cyberbullying Tendency sub-dimension, 0.76 for the Coping with Cyberbullying sub-dimension and 0.63 for the Protection from Cyberbullying sub-dimension. In line with the obtained results, it can be said that the CAS for adolescents is a valid and reliable measurement tool for determining the awareness of adolescents in the 12-18 age group on cyberbullying.

The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of argumentation-based teaching carried out with secondary school 7th grade students on students' scientific process skills. The sample of the study consists of 7th grade students in two different branches studying at a public school in the Central Anatolia Region of Turkey in the 2018-2019 academic year. The study was carried out with the participation of 36 students, 18 in the experimental group and 18 in the control group, and lasted approximately 12 weeks. Mixed method was used as the research model in the study. In the quantitative part of the research, the semi-experimental pretest-posttest paired control group design was used, and in the qualitative part, the semi-structured interview form developed by the researcher was used. The "Scientific Process Skills Scale" was applied to the experimental and control groups as a pre-test and post-test. At the end of the process, the scores of the students from the related test were analyzed. As a result of the research, no significant difference was found between the scientific process skill levels of the experimental and control groups.

Objective: This study aims to compare the impact of titanium and stainless steel (SS) retainer wires on lower incisor stability and periodontal health. Methods: Fifty patients between the ages of 14.1 and 29.5 years were recruited for the study. The impact of 0.027x0.011-inch rectangular titanium dead-soft wire retainers was compared with that of 0.0215-inch six-stranded SS wire retainers. The retainers were bonded to the mandibular arch, and 3D models were evaluated after completion of the orthodontic treatment (T1), at the third month (T2), and at the sixth month (T3). Little’s irregularity index (LII), the intercanine width, the pocket depth, the plaque index, bleeding on probing, and retainer survival were analyzed. The generalized linear model method was used to compare scores on LII, the intercanine width, the pocket depth, and plaque index values. Cochran’s Q test was used to compare intragroup bleeding. Results: A significant increase was found in the irregularity index parameter according to time (p=0.004) but no statistically significant difference was found between groups in terms of the LII according to material and time (p=0.826). No significant difference was found in intercanine width parameters between the groups according to material and time (p=0.977). No statistically significant difference was found between the groups in terms of pocket depth and plaque index scores, according to material and time. No retainer failure was observed in either group. Conclusion: Both retainer wires offer successful results in terms of stability parameters and periodontal parameters after six months.

This research aims to design a sample Arduino-assisted robotics and coding activity in accordance with the 5E instructional model. Also, it aims to set an example for how technology is integrated into science courses, especially in the structuring of abstract and hard-to-understand concepts in science teaching. The activity provides guidance to science teachers. The study was carried out with the participation of 6th graders in a public school in the academic year 2021-2022. The designed activity was carried out in the science laboratory with the participation of 15 secondary school students in the science course. The related activity was prepared for the concept of bulb brightness in the chapter on electricity in the secondary school 6th -grade science curriculum. This activity also aims at teaching students how to code, improving their attitudes and motivation towards the course, and helping them relate the factors that influence bulb brightness with real life.

As the use of digital tools and the Internet becomes widespread and easier, the age of use is also decreasing. The decrease in the age of use makes opportunities as well as risks an important factor in digital environments. Children who are not aware of the risks in these environments may be exposed to various risks, especially as the age of Internet usage decreases. Parents are primarily responsible for protecting their children from risks in these environments. Parents can protect their children if they use digital media consciously and safely. In this context, the aim of this study is to investigate the parent's conscious and safe use of the Internet across Turkey. In accordance with this purpose, the study was designed as a survey study and the data of the study were collected from 9581 parents from 26 provinces with the Conscious and Safe Use of the Internet questionnaire developed by the researchers in the study. Descriptive statistics (%, f, X[bar], SS), t-test for independent samples, one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), and correlation were used in the analysis of the data. As a result of the analysis of the data, it was determined that the parents' use of the Internet on weekdays and weekends was similar, but this situation differed in children. It has also been determined that the leading situations that worry parents in digital environments are the harmful and illegal content and excessive time spent in these harmful and illegal environments.

Objetivo: Describir los hallazgos clínicos, de laboratorio y de tomografía computarizada (TC) para facilitar la identificación objetiva de los pacientes con obstrucción del intestino delgado que necesitan tratamiento quirúrgico. Método: Este estudio incluyó 340 pacientes. Los datos obtenidos fueron edad, sexo, comorbilidad, hospitalización previa debida a íleo, historia quirúrgica, hallazgos de la exploración física, hemograma completo y resultados de las pruebas bioquímicas, y hallazgos de la TC al ingreso. Resultados: El estudio incluyó 180 (52.9%) varones y 160 (47.1%) mujeres. El tratamiento fue conservador en 216 pacientes y quirúrgico en 124 pacientes. De los pacientes incluidos en el estudio, el 36.4% necesitaron cirugía. De las mujeres, el 38.90% recibieron tratamiento conservador y el 61.30% se sometieron a cirugía. Conclusiones: Encontramos que el sexo femenino, los vómitos, la guardia, el rebote, los niveles de proteína C reactiva superiores a 75 mg/l, el aumento del diámetro intestinal y una zona de transición en las imágenes de TC indican una fuerte necesidad de cirugía.

Objectives: To evaluate the effect of different expansion protocols on tooth movements during maxillary arch expansion with Invisalign First System® (IFS) in the mixed dentition.Materials and Methods: This study was conducted using digital models of 20 patients treated with sequential expansion (MFE, mean age: 7.88±0.60; 9 girls, 11 boys) and 20 patients treated with simultaneous expansion (SIE, mean age: 7.94±0.51; 12 girls, 8 boys) acquired before (T0) and after (T1) treatment. Maxillary parameters were measured on each model at T0 and T1. Mann Whitney U tests were used for comparisons between groups, and Wilcoxon tests were used for the analysis of intra-group.Results: In both groups, the greatest increase of maxillary arch width (AW) was determined at both the cusp tips and gingival levels of the upper first deciduous molars followed by the second deciduous molars and by the deciduous canines (p < 0.01). The lowest increase of AW was found in the at the permanent first molars (p < 0.01). Conclusion: Both protocols with IFS can be considered effective in patients in early mixed dentition. The greatest increase was detected at the level of the upper first deciduous molars, whereas the least increase was observed at the level of the first permanent molars.Key Words: Clear Aligners, Invisalign® First system, Mixed dentition

Introduction: Our study aimed to investigate the prevalence of overweight/obesity and factors that may be associated with obesity in preschool children. Materials and Methods: The study is a descriptive cross-sectional study. All children between the ages of 4 and 6 years attending relevant educational institutions were included in the study. The height, weight, waist circumference and hip circumference of 822 children were measured and 556 of the questionnaires were completed and included in the study. Our questionnaire included questions on socio-demographic characteristics and the Quality Index of the Mediterranean Diet in Children(KIDMED scale). The data were analyzed in the SPSS package, and logistic regression models were created with the variables found to be significant after univariate analysis. P≤0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: Of the participants, 68(12.3%) were overweight and 28(5%) were obese. When analyzing the overweight/obesity status, it was observed that the frequency of being overweight/obese was higher in males(p=0.05), children whose mothers were obese(p

INTRODUCTION: The aim of this study was to evaluate neurological development of infants with transient premature hypothyroxinemia (THOP). METHODS: This prospective study included newborns who were born between 28-36 weeks of gestation (GW) and were admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit. Newborns exposed to maternal thyroid disease, or with severe intracranial problems, and congenital anomalies were excluded. Infants with THOP were the study group and those without THOP formed the control group. The study group was subdivided into those receiving levothyroxine replacement (5 μg/kg/day) and those who were untreated. Neonatal demographics, and morbidities, including respiratory distress syndrome, bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) and retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) were evaluated. The Ages and Stages Questionnaire (ASQ) and ASQ: Social-Emotional (ASQ: SE) developmental screening tests were administered to the entire study population at the corrected age of two years. RESULTS: Seventy infants were included in this study, 40 of whom had THOP. The mean GW was 34.4+-3.8 weeks in the study group and 37.2+-2.3 weeks in controls (p=0.69). Mean overall birth weight was 1640+-428 g. Levothyroxine replacement was started in 12/40 infants (30%). The groups were similar in terms of demographic characteristics. Rates of BPD and ROP were higher in the treated group (p=0.01). ASQ and ASQ: SE results did not differ between groups (p=0.75), nor did these scores differ between infants with THOP who did or did not receive levothyroxine (p=0.14). DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: Although levothyroxine replacement therapy was associated with increased rates of BPD and ROP, this treatment did not appear to improve long-term neurological outcomes in this small group of infants with THOP. Prospective controlled studies with much larger sample sizes are needed to clarify the role of levothyroxine replacement in THOP.

Günümüzde alüminyum alaşımları hafif olması, yüksek dayanım sunması ve ekonomik olmaları gibi sebeplerle havacılık, otomotiv ve savunma sanayiinde yoğun olarak kullanılmaktadır. Bu çalışmada Al2024-T3 malzemesinin işlenmesinde elektro erozyon yöntemi kullanılarak, talaş kaldırma miktarı (TKM), takım aşınma miktarı (TAM) ve ortalama yüzey pürüzlülüğü (Ra) olarak sıralanabilecek performans yanıtları üzerinden sonuçlar elde edilmiştir. Yapılan deneylerde boşalım akımı (Ip), vurum süresi (Ton) ve vurum aralığı (Toff) parametrelerinin performans yanıtları üzerindeki etkileri incelenmiştir. Yapılan varyans analizi (ANOVA) sonucunda deney sonuçları üzerinde etkin parametrelerin sırasıyla Ton, Ip ve Toff olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Çalışmanın devamında performans yanıtlarını eniyileyecek parametre değerlerinin tespiti amacıyla bir optimizasyon çalışmasına da yer verilmiştir.

Rice, wheat, and maize grains are staple foods, widely consumed for their mineral and nutritional values. However, they can accumulate toxic elements from contaminated soils, posing health risks. This study investigates the bioaccumulation patterns of 52 elements (including nutrients, heavy metals, and rare earth elements) in various parts (grain, husk, straw, and root) of cereals grown in a heavily polluted region. The results revealed that rice grains exhibited a higher accumulation (Σ33.4 mg/kg) of toxic elements (As, Cu, Cr, Ni, and Pb) than wheat (Σ26.6 mg/kg) and maize (Σ16.2 mg/kg) grains, with the high-yield RI64 cultivar (Σ47.0 mg/kg) being the most susceptible. Across the rice plant, accumulation increased in the order of grain < husk < straw < root. Elements like P, K, Cu, and Zn showed the highest enrichment. Worryingly, the most toxic elements, such as As, Pb, and Cd, exceeded permissible limits across grains, straws, and husks. Health risk assessment indicated that wheat and maize pose greater non-cancer and cancer risks than rice. Despite being grown in a highly contaminated region, the study identifies some rice cultivars like Luchai and Sarna as relatively safer options due to a lower accumulation of toxic elements.

Many cities in Türkiye have been affected by the devastating twin earthquakes in Kahramanmaraş. Following the Kahramanmaraş earthquakes, a field study was conducted to investigate the material characteristics of concrete used in collapsed buildings. The study’s major aim is to examine several parameters of reinforced concrete structures by comparing the samples taken from different locations in the region after the Kahramanmaraş Earthquakes for post-earthquake material characterization. Investigating the effect of concrete damage in these earthquakes, which especially affected 11 provinces and an area wider than approximately 100 thousand square kilometers, is of greater importance. For this purpose, Schmidt hammer measurements were carried out on structural elements, and concrete samples were collected from the same structures. Compression tests were conducted on the collected 21 samples taken from the 25 residential buildings to determine the mechanical properties of concrete such as compressive strength, modulus of elasticity, and Poisson’s ratio. Also, microstructural investigations were conducted on the concrete samples. The results showed that concrete samples had generally low strength and low deformation ability causing brittle failure of structures. When the compressive strengths of the concrete samples taken by the core drilling method were examined, it was determined that the results were between 4 MPa and 41 MPa, while the average compressive strength result was 16.7 MPa and the standard deviation was 8.6 MPa. Additionally, compressive strength results over 20 MPa were determined in 5 samples. The elasticity modules of the samples with compressive strength results above 15 MPa are higher than the value found in the equation given in TS500, while the others are lower. The elasticity modulus results were more compatible with the equation given in Eurocode. In addition, although there is no full agreement between the results obtained from Schmidt hammer measurements and the core drilling method results, the non-destructive method helps to find the weakest element on any floor. It can be concluded that there is a connection between the quality of concrete and the performance of buildings under severe earthquakes. Therefore, it is recommended to improve building codes, strengthen the inspection procedures, detail the quality control mechanisms, and sustain education/training programs to increase the resilience of the buildings in future earthquakes.