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Abstract Objective This study investigated morphological changes in the composition of the pelvic floor muscles, degree of atrophy, and urethral function in a rat of simulated birth trauma induced by vaginal distension (VD) model. Methods Female Sprague–Dawley rats were classified into four groups: a sham group, and 1, 2, and 4 weeks post-VD (1 W, 2 W, and 4 W, respectively) groups. We measured the amplitude of urethral response to electrical stimulation (A-URE) to evaluate urethral function. After measuring the muscle wet weight of the pubococcygeus (Pcm) and iliococcygeus (Icm) muscles, histochemical staining was used to classify muscle fibers into Types I, IIa, and IIb, and the occupancy and cross-sectional area of each muscle fiber were determined. Results There were 24 Sprague–Dawley rats used. A-URE was significantly lower in the 1 W group versus the other groups. Muscle wet weight was significantly lower in the VD groups versus the sham group for Pcm. The cross-sectional area of Type I Pcm and Icm was significantly lower in the VD groups versus the sham group. Type I muscle fiber composition in Pcm was significantly lower in the VD groups versus the sham groupand lowest in the 2 W group. Type I muscle fiber composition in Icm was significantly lower in the 2 and 4 W groups versus the sham group. Conclusion Muscle atrophy and changes in muscle composition in the pelvic floor muscles were observed even after improvements in urethral function. These results may provide insight into the pathogenesis of stress urinary incontinence after VD.

Abstract Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative condition caused by the loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta. As activation of dopaminergic receptors is fundamentally involved in the micturition reflex in PD, the objective of this study was to determine the effect of a single dose of rotigotine ([−]2-(N-propyl-N-2-thienylethylamino)-5-hydroxytetralin) on intercontraction interval (ICI) and voiding pressure (VP) in a rat model of PD. We used 27 female rats, PD was induced by injecting 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA; 8 μg in 2 μL of 0.9% saline containing 0.3% ascorbic acid), and rotigotine was administrated at doses of 0.125, 0.25, or 0.5 mg/kg, either intravenous or subcutaneous injection. In rats with 6-OHDA-induced PD, intravenous injection of 0.25 or 0.5 mg/kg rotigotine led to a significantly lower ICI than after vehicle injection (p

Abstract Background The purpose of this study was to clarify the reliability and validity of pelvic floor muscle (PFM) strength assessment using the MizCure perineometer in healthy women. Methods Twenty healthy women (age 20–45 years) participated in this study. The vaginal pressure measured using the MizCure and validated Peritron perineometers were repeated during PFM contraction in the supine and standing positions. All women were evaluated twice by examiners 1 and 2. Following the measurements in the first session (Test 1), they were repeated after an interval of between 2 and 6 weeks (Test 2). Within- and between-session intra- and inter-rater reliabilities in vaginal pressure were analyzed using intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC) (1, 1) and (2, 1), respectively. Validity was assessed by Pearson’s product-moment correlation coefficient and Spearman’s rank correlation analysis. Results Within-session intra-rater reliabilities for both examiners 1 and 2 for all vaginal pressures in Tests 1 and 2 were 0.90–0.96 for both perineometers. Between-session intra-rater reliability for the MizCure was 0.72–0.79 for both positions for examiner 1, and 0.63 in the supine position and 0.80 in the standing position for examiner 2. Inter-rater reliability for Test 1 was 0.91 in the supine position and 0.87 in the standing position for the MizCure. The vaginal pressures using the MizCure and Peritron were significantly associated with the supine position (r = 0.68, P

Objective: Urodynamics of the storage phase showing detrusor overactivity is common in neurogenic bladder patients. Terminal detrusor overactivity, which is defined by involuntary detrusor contraction that cannot be inhibited, causes urinary incontinence. Such incontinence causes a unique voiding in neurogenic bladder patients. During the voiding phase, the detrusor pressure at Qmax (Pdet. Qmax)/maximum flow rate (Qmax) (P/Q) is the gold standard for differentiating between detrusor underactivity and bladder outflow obstruction. We investigated whether a valid identification of lower urinary tract dysfunction could be established from P/Q assessment of detrusor overactivity-related voiding patients. Methods: This study evaluated 2 types of voiding. Detrusor overactivity-related voiding is involuntary detrusor contraction that results in micturition or voiding after permission to void when detrusor overactivity has occurred, while voluntary voiding is voiding voluntarily after permission to void and without terminal detrusor overactivity. We evaluated female patients with neurogenic bladder who could undergo micturition without catheterization. A pressure flow study compared the 2 groups. Results: Comparison of the detrusor overactivity-related voiding group (n = 20) and the voluntary voiding group (n = 12) found statistically significant differences with a lower Qmax and higher Pdet.Qmax (P = .01) in the detrusor overactivity-related voiding group. The linear regression analysis P/Q plot showed the positivity and negativity value of the slope that was reversed in the 2 groups (-0.089 vs. 0.198). Conclusion: Current results showed different P/Q plot patterns between 2 types of voiding in patients with neurogenic bladder. These findings suggest there is increased detrusor pressure observed in detrusor overactivity-related voiding that mimics outflow obstruction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Febrile urinary tract infections, which commonly occur in spina bifida patients, can cause renal dysfunction. To help prevent febrile urinary tract infection occurrence, a better understanding of any seasonal tendencies would be beneficial. Materials and Methods: Study points evaluated included: (i) with or without febrile urinary tract infections, (ii) type of urinary management in patients with febrile urinary tract infections, (iii) number of febrile urinary tract infection occurrences, and (iv) season associated with episode. Febrile urinary tract infection was defined by medical records specifically ascribing the term and clinical presentations consistent with the diagnosis. We evaluated febrile urinary tract infection incidence per 1 person, risk odds, expected values, and chi-square analysis. Results: This study examined 140 patients (79 males, 61 females). The patient's age at the first visit ranged from 2 days to 43.7 years old (median: 3.0 years old). The observation period was 0.6-43.7 years (median: 11.5 years). (i) Febrile urinary tract infection occurred in 68 cases, (ii) urinary management included: full clean intermittent catheterization: 49 cases, autoaugmented bladder: 15 cases, self-voiding: 8 cases, clean intermittent catheterization+indwelling catheter at night time: 5 cases, self-voiding+clean intermittent catheterization: 4 cases, vesicocutaneostomy: 2 cases, (iii) number of febrile urinary tract infection episodes: 2 times or less: 40 cases, 3-5 times: 20 cases, over 6 times: 8 cases, and (iv) total number of febrile urinary tract infection episodes was 183, with spring: 41, summer: 44, autumn: 37, and winter: 61. Risk odds of the incidence (one season vs. the other season) were spring: 0.870 (P=.425), summer: 0.954 (P=.784), autumn: 0.755 (P=.120), and winter 1.497 (P=.009). Conclusion: There is a significantly high incidence of febrile urinary tract infection in spina bifida patients in winter versus the other seasons. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]