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Based on the hierarchical model of psychopathology, the theory of compensatory internet use, and the sociocultural self model of behaviour, this study examined whether social anxiety mediated the relationship between neuroticism and problematic online gaming, and whether this mediating process was moderated by family socioeconomic status (FSES). The theoretical model was tested using data collected from 598 Chinese undergraduates (M.sub.age = 19.45 years, SD = 1.63). These participants completed questionnaires anonymously. Testing for moderated mediation revealed that social anxiety partially mediated the association between neuroticism and problematic online gaming, with FSES moderating the second stage of it. Specifically, the indirect effect of neuroticism on problematic online gaming via social anxiety was significant only for undergraduates with low FSES. Results of this study extend research on the influencing factors of problematic online gaming and highlight the significance of uncovering the underlying mechanisms., Author(s): Xiaoyuan Chu [sup.1] [sup.2] [sup.3] , Qi Wang [sup.4] , Weifeng Huang [sup.5] , Yuhui Wang [sup.6] , Jingyue Yu [sup.2] , Yang Zhou [sup.2] , Tiankuo Chen [sup.2] [...]

The Nb-16Si-20Ti-4Cr-1.5Al-4Hf-4Zr-1Ta-xB (x=0, 2, 4)-yMg (y=0, 0.2, 0.4) alloys were prepared by non-consumable arc melting. The effects of B and Mg addition on the microstructure and room temperature fracture toughness have been investigated. The results reveal that when the content of B element reached 4 at.%, the intermediate metastable phase Nb3Si was precipitated in Nb-Si based alloys. The cooperation of B and Mg synergistically enhances the room temperature fracture toughness of Nb-Si based alloy. B and Mg element causes the eutectic point of Nb-Si based alloy to shift to the right. The 2B-0.4Mg alloy shows the best fracture toughness, and its KQ value is 14.41 MPa·m 1/2, which increased by 34% compared to the matrix alloy. Crack deflection and secondary cracking increase the room-temperature fracture toughness of Nb-Si-based alloys.

Atherosclerosis is a cardiovascular disease, accounting for the most common mortality cause worldwide. Notoginsenoside R1 (NGR1) is a characteristic saponin of Radix notoginseng that exhibits anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects while modulating lipid metabolism. Evidence suggests that NGR1 exerts cardioprotective, neuroprotective, and anti-atherosclerosis effects. However, underlying NGR1 mechanisms alleviating atherosclerosis (AS) have not been examined. This study used a network pharmacology approach to construct the drug-target-disease correlation and protein–protein interaction (PPI) network of NGR1 and AS. Moreover, functional annotation and pathway enrichment analyses deciphered the critical biological processes and signaling pathways potentially regulated by NGR1. The protective effect of NGR1 against AS and the underlying mechanism(s) was assessed in an atherogenic apolipoprotein E-deficient (ApoE−/−) mice in vivo and an oxidized low-density lipoprotein (ox-LDL)-induced macrophage model in vitro. The network pharmacology and molecular docking analyses revealed that NGR1 protects against AS by targeting the NLRP3/caspase-1/IL-1β pathway. NGR1 reduced foam cell formation in ox-LDL-induced macrophages and decreased atherosclerotic lesion formation, serum lipid metabolism, and inflammatory cytokines in AS mice in vivo. Therefore, NGR1 downregulates the NLRP3 inflammasome complex gene expression of NLRP3, caspase-1, ASC, IL-1β, and IL-18, in vivo and in vitro. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Plasmonic metasurfaces can significantly enhance the interaction between light and 2D materials. Hybrid structures of plasmonic lattices and 2D materials show great promise for both fundamental and practical studies because of their unprecedented ability for precise manipulation of light at the nanoscale. This review starts with an overview of the basic concepts of plasmonic lattices and optical properties of 2D materials, as well as fabrication strategies for hybrid metasurfaces. Then, the enhanced photoluminescence, quantum emission, optoelectronic detection, nonlinear process, and valleytronics in hybrid metasurfaces are summarized, and their development for nanophotonic functional devices are reviewed. Further, several compelling topics are also outlined that provide outlooks for future directions of hybrid metasurfaces such as novel structural design and high‐quality fabrication, all‐dielectric metasurfaces, dynamic metasurfaces, and plasmonic mediation of chemical reactions and physical processes. It is believed that hybrid metasurfaces of plasmonic lattices and 2D materials can open prospects for versatile platforms for light‐matter interactions and contribute to the revolutions on nanophotonic devices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A growing body of research has pinpointed the consequences as well as mechanisms of phubbing. However, few studies have explored the relationship between peer phubbing and social networking site addiction. Based on the self-determination theory, the exclusion theory of anxiety, the social compensation model, and the reserve capacity model, the present study examined whether peer phubbing was positively related to social networking site addiction among undergraduates, whether social anxiety mediated the relationship, and whether this mediating process was moderated by family financial difficulty. Our theoretical model was tested using the data collected from 1,401 Chinese undergraduates (M age = 18.83 years, standard deviation = 0.93). The participants completed anonymous questionnaires that assessed their peer phubbing, social anxiety, social networking site addiction, and family financial difficulty. The correlation analysis indicated that peer phubbing was positively associated with social networking site addiction. The testing for moderated mediation further revealed that social anxiety partially mediated the association between peer phubbing and social networking site addiction, with family financial difficulty moderating the first stage. To be specific, the indirect association between peer phubbing and social networking site addiction via social anxiety was stronger for undergraduates in high family financial difficulty. The results from this study extend research on the potential consequences of phubbing as well as highlight the significance of uncovering the underlying mechanisms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]