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The focus of the investigation was to study the large intestine (both ceca and rectum) of the bronze turkey using Hematoxylin/Eosin staining. Fifty-four clinically healthy Bronze Turkeys from state forestry Mazalat were separated into 27 female and 27 male birds. We used 9 age groups (one-day, 7-day, 14-day, 28-day, 35-day, 49-day, 56-day, 90-day, and 120-day). There were six turkeys in every group. The intestinal segments in all of the studied groups were composed of tunica mucosa, tela submucosa, tunica muscularis and tunica serosa. Tunica mucosa is comprised of lamina epithelialis mucosae covering a fine layer of loose connective tissue (lamina propria mucosae). Both tissue layers formed well expressed mucosal folds. The surface covering epithelium was presented by columnar cells and goblet cells. Tunica submucosa was less developed compared to the other layers of the wall. It was vascularized. Tunica muscularis had two sublayers - the inner was circular and the outer was longitudinal. Tunica serosa was the outermost layer supported by dense connective tissue. Villi intetsinales were well developed in both ceca and rectum. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of the present study was to investigate the histologic and micrometric study of the proventriculus and gizzard of the wild bronze turkey (Meleagris gallopavo). Thirty clinically healthy Bronze turkeys (15 females and 15 males) were used for the study. Twelve tissue samples (six from the proventriculus and six from gizzard) from the corresponding age group were used to prepare histological slides. The preparations were stained with hematoxylin (Erlich) - eosin and Masson's trichrome. The wall of the proventriculus was composed of four layers. They were tunica mucosa, tunica submucosa, tunica muscularis and tunica serosa. Mucosa had many grooves and plicae with simple columnar epithelium. The proventricular submucosa had compound tubuloalveolar glands which took the greatest part of the wall. The gizzard had tunica mucosa, tunica muscularis and tunica serosa. Compound tubular glands were found in the mucosa. On the mucosal surface was observed a thick keratinized layer, which was produced by the glands. In lamina propria mucosae were found compound tubular glands which opened on the mucosal surface by a short neck. The glands in the grooves were more branched, compared to those localized in the folds. Lamina muscularis mucosae was not found. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of the study was to investigate the goblet cell types and their density in the small intestine of bronze turkey (Meleagris meleagris gallopovo), by means of Alcian blue-PAS staining. Sixty birds from 10 age groups were used. In the duodenum and jejunum, goblet cells produced acid, neutral and mixed mucins, while in the jejunum - acid mucins. A negative relationship was observed between cell density and either duodenum or jejunum lengths; such a correlation was not established in the ileum. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

1. This study investigated the oxidative status of broilers fed diets containing selenium (Se) from 14 to 35 d of age and reared at two different constant temperatures. Measurements of oxidative status included blood glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) and plasma total antioxidant status (TAS). Other variables included feed intake (FI), weight gain (WG), feed conversion ratio (FCR), Se levels in breast and liver tissue, jejunal villus morphometry, percentage weight of organs in relation to body weight; apparent metabolisable energy adjusted for nitrogen (AMEn); dry matter retention (DMR); fat retention (FR) and nitrogen retention (NR). 2. The experiment started at 14 d of age, when 240 birds were randomly allocated to 48 pens (12 pens in four rooms). Treatments included a control diet 1 (SFC; 209.4 g/kg CP and 12.98 MJ/kg ME and no added Se containing saturated fat); diet 2 (SFSe) the control plus 12.605 mg/kg Se additive; diet 3 (USFC) was a second control diet (208.2 g/kg CP and 13.10 MJ/kg ME with no added Se containing unsaturated fat as rapeseed oil); diet 4 (USFSe) was the latter control plus 12.605 mg/kg Se additive. Two rooms were kept at a standard temperature of 20°C (ST) and two rooms were kept at high temperature of 35°C (HT). 3. A temperature x Se interaction existed for GSH-Px in birds reared at ST (P < 0.05), and these birds had the highest levels of Se in liver tissue (P < 0.05). Fat x Se interactions were evident in breast tissue with highest levels in USFSe (P < 0.05). Adding Se improved jejunal VH: CD in USFSe fed birds (P < 0.001). 4. Birds reared at ST had higher FI and WG than those reared at HT (P < 0.001), and had lower FCR than those reared at HT (P < 0.05). AMEn (MJ/kg DM) and FR were higher in birds fed USF diets, and lowest in birds fed SF (P < 0.50 and P < 0.001 respectively). NR was highest in birds raised at ST (P < 0.50). 5. Broiler growth performance was reduced by HT. Oxidative status and Se in liver tissue was improved by adding Se in both diets. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The main purpose of our study is to prove the diversity of the Lactobacillus microflora in domestic raw sausages during ripening. Raw sausages from pork meat (bacon from the neck, front pig shoulder, pork belly) with the addition of salt, red chili pepper and mint were prepared for that purpose. They matured in a maturation chamber for 60 days. A total of 6 samples from different stages of natural ripening of raw sausages were taken for testing. The raw sausage samples were diluted in saline solution, homogenized, serially diluted in the same solution and plated on MRS agar; the plates were incubated at 42°C for 24 - 48 h. A total of 24 strains were isolated and identified as Lactobacillus spp. based on their growth, gram-stain activity, catalase and oxidase. Their affiliation to this genus was confirmed by PCR with genus specific primers, 16S ribosomal RNA. The results show different Lactobacillus species: Lactobacillus plantarum - 37%, Lactobacillus sakei - 28%, Lactobacillus brevis - 20% and Lactobacillus curvatus 15%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of our investigation was to study the expression of the enzyme Alkaline phosphatase in the small intestines of the bronze turkey in the age aspect. Forty clinically healthy bronze turkeys (twenty males and twenty females) were studied. The groups of the birds were at age 1, 7, 14, 28, 35, 49, 56, 90, 120, and 240 days. Each group consisted of five males and five female birds. The enzyme's expression was investigated by Gomori staining. The most significant expression of tissue alkaline phosphatase was observed in the epithelial cells of the duodenum. It was weaker in the jejunum and weakest in the ileum. In the three intestinal segments, high enzyme activity was observed during the first weeks of hatching (from the 1st to the 14th day in the duodenum and ileum, and from the 1st to the 28th day in the jejunum). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of the present study was to investigate the thoracic part of the esophagus in the bronze turkey, using Masson's trichrome stain and Alcian blue-PAS staining. Thirty-six clinically healthy bronze turkeys (eighteen males and eighteen females) were studied. The groups of the birds were at age 1, 7, 14, 28, 35 and 49 days. Each group consisted of three male and three female birds. The histological features of the organ were similar in the studied groups. It consisted of tunica mucosa, tunica submucosa, tunica muscularis, and tunica serosa. There were no specifics in the organ regarding the sex and the age of the birds. The esophageal glands in all of the studied groups, demonstrated intensive PAS and AB reaction, because of the mucous, produced by the epithelial glandular cells. Lamina propria exhibited a weak PAS reaction, visible in all ages, either in males, either in females. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

AIM: To determine some morphometrical parameters of colchis pheasant internal organs. MATERIALS: We studied 30 colchis pheasants, divided in three groups (each group was consisted of 5 males and 5 females) at 15, 17 and 19 weeks of age. METHODS: Following euthanasia and evisceration, the digestive tract was separated in segments, corresponded to its different parts (esophagus, crop, proventriculus, gizzard, small intestine, caeca and rectum). The weight of digestive structures, heart, liver, spleen and testicles was determined by electronic scale and the length of the tubular digestive organs was measured with ruler and graph paper. The results were collected and recorded. The obtained data was processed via variable statistical methods. RESULTS: The body weight of the female birds was significantly lower than that of the male ones. In males the gizzard's percent decreased significantly through the whole investigative period. The proventriculus and heart proportions were almost the same with age advancing. Females were with heavier livers and spleens than males, but the spleen difference was without statistical significance. The length of the crop, esophagus and intestines had lower values in males, compared to females CONCLUSION: The older male and female pheasants had significantly shorter tubular digestive organs. The youngest male individuals had heavier liver, compare to the females. These alterations of the morphometrical parameters in the pheasant internal organs are provoked by sex dimorphism influence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Three different protocols for dental implantation: immediate (ImI), delayed (DI) and conventional (CI) were used. The primary stability is important for the secondary stability of implants. The purpose of the experiments was to monitor the stability of ImI, DI and CI following guided bone regeneration (GBR). A total of 18 implants were placed in the alveoli of 9 extracted premolars of the lower jaw of three mixed breed dogs. GBR was performed with a combination of Bio Oss® and Emdogain® and the Bio Gide® membrane. Control GBR was performed with coagulum and the same membrane. The stability of the implants was measured with Osstell® ISQ. The primary stability of the three types of implants was high, and differed statistically significantly (P<0.05). By the end of the first month after the placement, the stability of ImI and DI was reduced. The secondary stability of ImI and DI increased substantially (P<0.05) by the end of the third month both with regard to primary stability and stability by the end of the first month. The primary stability of intraosseous implants was a prerequisite for a high secondary stability. The decline in stability by the end of the first month after implantation was not an obstacle to achieve a high secondary stability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

AIM: To determine some macromorphological characteristics of the normal liver in rabbits. MATERIALS: We studied 12 mature, clinically healthy, euthanized rabbits, 8 months of age from New Zealand White breed and weighed between 2.8kg and 3.2kg. METHODS: Following laparotomy and extirpation of the rabbit liver we studied its topography and linear parameters. The results were collected and recorded. The obtained data was processed via variable statistical methods. RESULTS: The rabbit liver was situated in the epigastric region, between both costal arches. The caudate process touched the right kidney. The rabbit liver was caudally situated to the diaphragm and extended to the left and right abdominal walls. The left medial and lateral hepatic lobes were parallel to the right one. The quadrate lobe was too small. The gall bladder was cylindrical and didn't reach the ventral edge of the organ. The morphometric investigation showed that the left hepatic lobe was longer and bigger than the right one. The smallest structure in length and height was quadrate lobe. The gall bladder's three parts were with different sizes. CONCLUSION: The rabbit liver was lobated organ, composed of five lobes. The left hepatic lobe with its medial and lateral parts is with the biggest extent in the organ, while the quadrate lobe is the smallest. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: Comparing results from rabbit liver's ultrasonographic, computed tomographic and anatomical topgraphic studies. Object: Nine healthy New Zealand white rabbits, aged 8 months, weighed 2.8 to 3.2 kg were studied. In the ultrasonographic investigation the animals were positioned in supine recumbency. The approach was transabdominal percutaneous hypochondrial. The abdominal cavity was transversally and sagittaly scanned by axial computer tomograph. The animals were positioned in supine recumbency. In the native anatomical investigation topographic rabbit liver's features were compared with its imaging anatomical findings. Results: The liver echogenicity was heterogeneous and lower than the close soft tissue strucrures. The gall bladder's wall was a hypoechoic finding.Cystic duct was observed in its beginning part. In the computed tomographic study, the liver was a massive, heterogeneous, normodense soft tissue finding. There wasn't visible border between lateral and medial left hepatic lobe and right hepatic lobe. In the native anatomical study the left and right hepatic lobes, quadrate lobe and gall bladder's parts were found. Conclusion: The comparative analysis of rabbit liver's imaging anatomical and native transversal study could be applied in the interpretation and diagnosis of many rabbit liver diseases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Tissue lipoprotein lipase (LPL) activity has been studied in prostate glands of 7 adult male European shorthair cats on cryostat cross sections by the Tween technique. The highest activity was observed at the luminal surface of the glandular epithelium, its apical parts, as well as in the lumen of glandular tubules of prostate body. A moderate intensity of LPL expression was found out in the basal parts of parenchymal epithelial cells. The enzyme was slightly expressed in the stroma of the gland, whereas no LPL activity was detected in the glandular capsule. The results provided evidence for a predilection in tissue LPL localization in epithelial components of the glands, as well as for higher enzyme activity in the luminal part of the epithelium, thus presuming a role of LPL in the lipid metabolism of glandular parenchyma, in the production and excretion of lipid products into the tubuloalveolar lumen. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]