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Abstract CD8 + T cells are essential for long-lasting HIV-1 control and have been harnessed to develop therapeutic and preventive approaches for people living with HIV-1 (PLWH). HIV-1 infection induces marked metabolic alterations. However, it is unclear whether these changes affect the anti-HIV function of CD8 + T cells. Here, we show that PLWH exhibit higher levels of plasma glutamate than healthy controls. In PLWH, glutamate levels positively correlate with HIV-1 reservoir and negatively correlate with the anti-HIV function of CD8 + T cells. Single-cell metabolic modeling reveals glutamate metabolism is surprisingly robust in virtual memory CD8 + T cells (TVM). We further confirmed that glutamate inhibits TVM cells function via the mTORC1 pathway in vitro. Our findings reveal an association between metabolic plasticity and CD8 + T cell-mediated HIV control, suggesting that glutamate metabolism can be exploited as a therapeutic target for the reversion of anti-HIV CD8 + T cell function in PLWH.

Recent studies highlighted that CD8+ T cells are necessary for restraining reservoir in HIV-1-infected individuals who undergo antiretroviral therapy (ART), whereas the underlying cellular and molecular mechanisms remain largely unknown. Here, we enrolled 60 virologically suppressed HIV-1-infected individuals, to assess the correlations of the effector molecules and phenotypic subsets of CD8+ T cells with HIV-1 DNA and cell-associated unspliced RNA (CA usRNA). We found that the levels of HIV-1 DNA and usRNA correlated positively with the percentage of CCL4+CCL5- CD8+ central memory cells (TCM) while negatively with CCL4-CCL5+ CD8+ terminally differentiated effector memory cells (TEMRA). Moreover, a virtual memory CD8+ T cell (TVM) subset was enriched in CCL4-CCL5+ TEMRA cells and phenotypically distinctive from CCL4+ TCM subset, supported by single-cell RNA-Seq data. Specifically, TVM cells showed superior cytotoxicity potentially driven by T-bet and RUNX3, while CCL4+ TCM subset displayed a suppressive phenotype dominated by JUNB and CREM. In viral inhibition assays, TVM cells inhibited HIV-1 reactivation more effectively than non-TVM CD8+ T cells, which was dependent on CCL5 secretion. Our study highlights CCL5-secreting TVM cells subset as a potential determinant of HIV-1 reservoir size. This might be helpful to design CD8+ T cell-based therapeutic strategies for cure of the disease.

Purpose: The aim of the present clinical study was to evaluate the feasibility of a folded extended supraclavicular fasciocutaneous island flap (SFIF) for full-thickness cheek defect reconstruction following ablative oral cancer surgery.Patients and Methods: The nine patients with advanced squamous cell carcinoma of the buccal mucosa were six men and three women, with a mean age of 60.8 years. All patients were treated with surgery including ipsilateral radical neck dissection. A folded extended SFIF with a skin paddle ranging between 6 × (6 + 5) cm and 7 × (10 + 9) cm were used to reconstruct the full-thickness cheek defects.Results: One minor flap failure and one wound dehiscence in donor site occurred, but all flaps survived, and there was no major complication in any patient. All patients were able to receive all of their nutrition orally and had normal speech. The patients were followed-up for 9-28 months; six patients were living with no evidence of disease, two was living with disease, and one died of local recurrence.Conclusion: The folded extended SFIF to reconstruct full-thickness cheek defects is reliable and an excellent alternative to other options for patients who have full-thickness defect of the cheek. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

SUMMARY Characteristic study of cavity discharge is important in detecting and diagnosing internal failure of power transformers. Based on the kernel principal component analysis method, eight new feature parameters are extracted from 29 statistical parameters, which are commonly used in the characteristic study of partial discharges. Redundancy and computational complexity for applications are greatly reduced. Using cluster analysis method, new parameters are proved to be effective in the application of stage classification in the cavity discharge development. Four stages are classified: incipient discharge, unstable discharge, consistent discharge, and disruptive discharge. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: The paper put forward an optimizing calculation method to optimize the cable initial force of cable-stayed arch bridge while in arch rib cantilever erecting. The arch rib cantilever erection of cable-stayed arch bridge has the construction process of cable removal. It is different in cable-stayed bridge or arch bridge. Therefore common influence matrix cannot be used directly. And the optimizing method in the paper is developed by modifying influence matrix. Also the paper develops a program by using ANSYS APDL language. The program is applied in Lian-cheng Bridge. The calculation result is similar to sequential forward algorithm. Finally the arch rib enclosure deviation is within 5mm. The whole arch curve meets the design request. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

The glass transition temperature (Tg) in the amorphous region of an insulation paper is one of the most important characteristics for thermal stability. Molecular dynamic simulations have been performed on three micro-structural models, namely, amorphous pure cellulose, amorphous cellulose with water and amorphous cellulose with oil, to study the microscopic mechanism of the glass transition process for oil-immersed transformer insulation paper. Using the method of specific volume versus temperature curve, the Tg of amorphous pure cellulose, cellulose with water, and cellulose with oil was determined as 448, 418 and 440 K, respectively. The current study may provide some information for thermal aging. The simulation results show that during the glass transition process, both the chain motion and mechanical properties of cellulose changes significantly. Relative to the oil molecules, water molecules immersed in the amorphous region of insulation paper can disrupt hydrogen bonds between cellulose chains. This phenomenon results in a significant reduction in the glass transition temperature and affects the thermal stability of the insulation paper. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]