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Enhancing carrier density and increasing carrier lifetime are critical for the good performance of thin film solar cells. We apply illumination during the growth of kesterite Cu

Background Previous studies have shown that DNA methylation plays a significant role in myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS). In addition to hypermethylation, aberrant hypomethylation can result in the transcriptional activation of oncogenes in cancer, including MDS. Therefore, drugs targeting DNA hypomethylation are needed for the treatment of MDS. This study aimed to investigate whether As2S2 promoted hypomethylation by increasing DNA methyltransferases (DNMTs) expression in MDS. Patients and methods Ten bone marrow samples from MDS patients and 3 healthy donors were obtained for the examination of the DNA methylation with a Human Methylation 850K Bead Chip. The mRNA expressions for the DNMTs in the ten MDS patients and 3 controls were compared by Q-PCR. Then, the MDS cell line SKM-1 was treated with As2S2. After 2 days of treatment, Human Methylation 850K Bead Chip was applied to analyze the changes of gene methylation status in the cells. Q-PCR and Western blot were taken to test the changes of mRNA and protein expressions for DNMTs in SKM-1 cells after treatment. Results Five hundred ninety-two abnormally hypomethylated genes were found in MDS patients compared to those in controls by Human Methylation 850K. The mRNA expressions of DNMTs (DNMT1, DNMT3a and DNMT3b) in MDS patients were significantly lower than those in healthy individuals. The IC50 value of As2S2 for SKM-1 cells was 4.97 μmol/L.Treatment with As2S2 at 2 μmoL/L resulted in significant alterations in the methylation levels at 1718 sites in SKM-1 cells compared to those in the controls. Hypermethylation was observed in 1625 sites (94.58%), corresponding to 975 genes, compared to those in the controls. Finally, the expression levels of DNMTs (DNMT1, DNMT3a, and DNMT3b) significantly increased in SKM-1 cells treated with As2S2 at 2 μmoL/L and 4 μmoL/L. Conclusion These data show a potential clinical application of As2S2 as an innovative hypermethylation agent in MDS.

By assuming the plane-stress state in each layer, a two-dimensional elasticity model is proposed for laminated graphene-reinforced composite (GRC) beams. It is assumed that the graphene disperses uniformly in each layer but the graphene volume fraction may vary from layer to layer. For an arbitrary individual layer, the governing partial differential equations and boundary conditions are given directly from the two-dimensional elasticity theory . Then, the multi-term Kantorovich-Galerkin method is employed to build a state-space equation for the layer, in which the axial and transverse displacements are expressed as products of trial function matrix and unknown function matrix. Eventually, a global equation for the laminated beam is established by virtue of the displacement and stress continuity conditions at the interfaces. Non-dimensional displacements, stresses and natural frequencies are obtained for laminated GRC beams with different boundary conditions. The effects of graphene distribution patterns, boundary conditions, length-to-thickness ratios, layer fraction increments and the number of layers are examined. It is found that the laminated GRC beam with graphene distribution pattern X has the smallest deflection and largest fundamental frequency at high length-to-thickness ratios, but it has largest deflection and smallest fundamental frequency at a very low length-to-thickness ratio due to its reduced transverse shear stiffness .

To explore the relationship between the efficacy of realgar for the treatment of myelodysplastic syndromes with multilineage dysplasia (MDS-MLD) and arsenic concentration in the peripheral blood of patients.In this prospective study, a total of 50 MDS-MLD patients were treated with traditional Chinese drugs containing realgar for 3 months in Xiyuan Hospital from March 2018 to January 2019. Routine blood examination as well as liver and kidney function were monitored before and after treatment. The concentration of arsenic in the peripheral blood was measured using an atomic fluorescence spectrometer after treatment. The correlation between clinical effect and arsenic concentration was analyzed by Spearman's method.The treatment response rate was 54%. Two patients (4% ) achieved complete remission, 50% (25 of 50) showed hematologic improvement, and 23 patients had stable disease (23% ). No disease progression was observed. Arsenic concentration in the peripheral blood ranged from 14.60 to 85.96 μg/L. Clinical efficacy was positively correlated with arsenic concentration (P0.05). The incidence of mild adverse reactions was 16%.A relatively high concentration of arsenic in the peripheral blood may improve the clinical efficacy of realgar in MDS-MLD patients.

The vibration excitation of the rolling mill mainly comes from the gearbox in the process of rolling strip, and the meshing excitation is the main excitation factor of the gearbox. And the gear backlash plays an important role in the meshing excitation. However, the backlash is inevitable in the process of designing the gear system. Therefore, it is important to select the appropriate gear backlash to reduce the vibration amplitude of the gearbox, to improve the rolling speed and the quality of the steel strip. So, in this paper, the effect of the different variation amplitudes for the time-varying gear backlash (TVGB) on the vibration characteristics of the gear system under various mesh parameters is studied. A new formulation for calculating nonlinear damping and time varying meshing stiffness is applied in this coupling model. The results show that increasing of the load torque, the damping ratio, the system parameter or decreasing the directional rotation radius variation or kinematic transmission error caused the effects of variation amplitudes for the (TVGB) on the dynamic characteristics of the gear system to decrease. Test data from a gearbox experimental table verifies the accuracy of the model. The model is shown to be capable of simulating the mutually coupled effect between the backlash and the different parameters on the gear system. So, the new coupled model can be used as guide to select the appropriate gear backlash values for the rolling mill under different operating conditions.

The damping capacity ( Q −1 ) of cast Mg-xY (x = 1, 3, 7 wt%) binary alloys were studied in aspects of yttrium (Y) content, heat treatment and pre-deformation. The relationship between amplitude and Q −1 fitted well with the G-L dislocation damping model for all the studied alloys. With Y content increasing from 1% to 7%, the Q −1 significantly decreased from 0.15 to 0.002 in the strain range of 10 −6 ∼10 −3 , while the yield strength increased from 20 ± 2 MPa to 92 ± 4 MPa. The solid solution heat treatment (T4, 793 K × 6 h) markedly improved the Q −1 , because the movement of dislocations was impeded by more Y solute atoms as weak pinning points. The 25% pre-deformation reduced the Q −1 value of T4 treated Mg-1Y alloys by half, which may result from the increased dislocation density due to work hardening and the decreased stacking fault energy by the Y addition. Moreover, both the pre-deformation and increasing Y content extended the critical strain amplitude e c . The Mg-Y alloys exhibited promising potential for developing high-performance damping alloys based on comparing with several Mg-based damping alloys in terms of both damping capacity and strength.

Resuscitation with the early administration of plasma can improve the survival of patients undergoing surgery or trauma patients who require massive transfusion. To ascertain the optimal ratio of fresh frozen plasma (FFP) to packed red blood cells (pRBCs) in massive transfusions, the records of 1,048 patients who received a massive transfusion at 20 hospitals were retrospectively reviewed. The patients were stratified into three groups according to the ratio of FFP to pRBCs. These were the low (

The damping capacity of Fe–16Cr–2.5Mo damping alloy was analyzed using a cantilever device. The magnetostriction property was measured using an improved Michelson interferometer. The domain morphology was optically observed using a magneto-fluid. Magnetomechanical Hysteresis Effect (MMHE) was discussed by analyzing the relationship between the magnetostriction performance and the annealing process of the alloy. The results show that the variation of saturate magnetostriction coefficient is quite consistent with that of the damping capacity of the annealed samples. With the local internal stress widely distributing in the annealed alloy, both the domain’s mobility and their structure vary with the increasing annealing temperature and time. The local internal stress not only pins the domain mobility but also makes the domain structure disorder. The domain size and the number of 90° magnetic domains are responsible for the highest damping capacity of the sample annealed at 900 °C for 1 h. However, with the prolonged annealing time, the number of 90° domain decreases sharply and more heterogeneous domains appears in the alloy. The spike domains can also pin domain-walls.

The graphite-filled polyurethane/poly(methyl methacrylate-butyl methacrylate) (PU/P(MMA-BMA)) semi-interpenetrating polymer networks (IPNs) were synthesized by sequential method. The influences of graphite particle content and size on the 60/40 PU/P(MMA-BMA) IPNs were studied. The damping properties of IPN composites were evaluated by dynamic mechanical thermal analysis (DMA) and cantilever beam resonance methods. The mechanical performances were investigated using tensile and hardness devices. DMA results revealed that the incorporation of graphite particles improved damping properties of IPNs significantly. The 5% graphite-filled IPN composite exhibited the widest temperature range and the highest loss factor (tan δ) when the test frequency was 1 Hz. As to the damping properties covering a wide frequency range from 1 to 3,000 Hz, the addition of graphite particles broadened the damping frequency range (Δf, where tan δ is above 0.3) and increased the tan δ value of IPNs. Among them, the composite with 7.5% graphite showed the best damping capacity. And the hardness and the tensile strength of IPN composites were also improved significantly. POLYM. COMPOS., 2013 © 2013 Society of Plastics Engineers

To test the role of the Beclin 1-dependent autophagy pathway in brain damage during cerebral ischemia.Focal cerebral ischemia was established in rats using a middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) model. A lentiviral vector-associated RNA interference (RNAi) system was stereotaxically injected into the ipsilateral lateral ventricle to reduce Beclin1 expression. We measured the ipsilateral infarct volume, autophagosome formation, neurogenesis and apoptosis, all of which could be modulated by Beclin1 RNAi.On the 14th day after MCAO, Beclin1 downregulation by RNAi increased the population of neural progenitor cells (BrdU(+)-DCX(+)), newborn immature cells (BrdU(+)-Tuj-1(+)) and mature neurons (BrdU(+)-MAP-2(+)), and reduced the apoptosis of immature neurons (caspase-3(+)-DCX(+) and caspase-3(+)-Tuj-1(+)) surrounding the ischemic core of the ipsilateral hemisphere. Furthermore, RNAi-mediated downregulation of Beclin1 decreased infarct volume and inhibited histological injury and neurological deficits.RNAi-mediated downregulation of Beclin1 improves outcomes after transient MCAO.Acta Pharmacologica Sinica (2009) 30: 919-927; doi: 10.1038/aps.2009.79.

To observe the clinical efficacy of Chinese drugs combined with chemotherapy in the treatment of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and to investigate the prognostic relevance of the main parameters in AML treated with integrative medicine.Forty AML patients hospitalized at the authors hospital were treated with Chinese drugs and chemotherapy. The routine examination, immunophenotype and karyotype analyses were carried out. The clinical efficacy was observed and the prognostic factors were analyzed.(1) Clinical efficacy: Twenty patients had complete remission (CR), with the CR rate being 50.0%. Among these patients, the CR rate was 73.9% (17/23) in de novo AML and 17.6% (3/17) in secondary or refractory AML, respectively. The median disease free survival (DFS) was 6 months (2-32 months) and median overall survival (OS) was 7 months (1-36 months). (2) Analysis of prognostic factors: Aging (60 years) and hepatosplenomegaly or extramedullary leukemia did not affect the treatment outcome. Patients with lower white blood cell (WBC) counts (4.0x10(9)/L) had a significantly higher CR rate (P0.01). Secondary or refractory AML was associated with a lower CR rate and shorter OS (P0.01,P0.05). Expression of CD34 was an adverse factor for obtaining CR (P0.05) and survival in both DFS and OS (P0.05,P0.01). The expression of CD56 was significantly associated with a lower CR rate (P0.05), but did not affect DFS and OS. Twenty-three (57.5%) out of 40 cases had chromosomal abnormalities. The CR rate was decreased and both DFS and OS shortened stepwise from the cases with favorable cytogenetics to those with intermediate and unfavorable cytogenetics (P0.01).The combined treatment of Chinese drugs with chemotherapy has a predominant effect in de novo AML. Secondary or refractory AML, expression of CD34 and CD56, and unfavorable cytogenetics were the main factors of poor prognosis in AML.

To investigate the effects of Propyl Gallate (PrG) on cellular adhesion between human To investigate the effects of Propyl Gallate (PrG) on cellular adhesion between human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) and polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN) as well as the expression umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) and polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN) as well as the expression of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1, CD54) and E-selectin (CD62E) on the VEC surface. of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1, CD54) and E-selectin (CD62E) on the VEC surface.A human VEC inflammation model was induced by tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha). VECs were pre- A human VEC inflammation model was induced by tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha). VECs were preincubated with varying concentrations of PrG (0.001-5 mmol/L) or 1 per thousand DMSO (v:v) or 10 mmol/L acetylsalicylic incubated with varying concentrations of PrG (0.001-5 mmol/L) or 1 per thousand DMSO (v:v) or 10 mmol/L acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) for 1 h, and then were stimulated with 10 ng/mL TNF-alpha for 6 h. Rose bengal vital staining method acid (ASA) for 1 h, and then were stimulated with 10 ng/mL TNF-alpha for 6 h. Rose bengal vital staining method was used to measure the adherence rate of PMN to VEC, while flow cytometry was used to determine the was used to measure the adherence rate of PMN to VEC, while flow cytometry was used to determine the expression of CD54 and CD62E on the VEC surface. expression of CD54 and CD62E on the VEC surface.After 6 h of incubation with TNF-alpha, the adherence After 6 h of incubation with TNF-alpha, the adherence of PMN to HUVECs as well as the percentage of fluorescence-positive cells and mean fluorescence intensity of PMN to HUVECs as well as the percentage of fluorescence-positive cells and mean fluorescence intensity (MFI) of surface CD54 and CD62E in HUVECs increased significantly ( (MFI) of surface CD54 and CD62E in HUVECs increased significantly (P0.01). Pre-treatment of HUVECs with0.01). Pre-treatment of HUVECs with PrG (0.1-5 mmol/L) significantly suppressed the adherence of PMN to VECs induced by TNF-alpha (PrG (0.1-5 mmol/L) significantly suppressed the adherence of PMN to VECs induced by TNF-alpha (P0.05). PrG0.05). PrG (1-5 mmol/L) inhibited the VEC surface expression of CD62E and CD54 in a dose-dependent way ( (1-5 mmol/L) inhibited the VEC surface expression of CD62E and CD54 in a dose-dependent way (P0.05). PrG0.05). PrG at lower concentrations (0.001-0.1 mmol/L) showed no effect on CD54 expression, while it showed a slightly at lower concentrations (0.001-0.1 mmol/L) showed no effect on CD54 expression, while it showed a slightly increasing trend in CD62E expression (increasing trend in CD62E expression (P0.05). ASA at 10 mmol/L had no obvious effect on the positive rate of0.05). ASA at 10 mmol/L had no obvious effect on the positive rate of CD62E and CD54. CD62E and CD54.High concentrations of PrG (0.1-5 mmol/L) exert its inhibitory effect on cellular High concentrations of PrG (0.1-5 mmol/L) exert its inhibitory effect on cellular adherence of PMN to HUVECs, and its mechanism may be related to inhibiting surface expression of CD54 and adherence of PMN to HUVECs, and its mechanism may be related to inhibiting surface expression of CD54 and CD62E in HUVECs. Its action concentration was lower than that of ASA. CD62E in HUVECs. Its action concentration was lower than that of ASA.

The effects of ɛ-martensite and temperature on damping capacity of Fe–19.35Mn alloy were studied. The damping capacity was measured using reversal torsion pendulum with free decay method. The phase structures were determined using XRD. The microstructure was observed using SEM. The results indicated that the damping capacity of the alloy with a lot of ɛ-martensite was similar to the alloy without ɛ-martensite, so the high damping mechanism of Fe–Mn alloys was not determined by ɛ-martensite but by stacking faults. The moving mode of damping sources was realized by the moving of Shockley partial dislocations, and the variation of damping capacity with strain amplitude at different temperatures was in accord with the breaking away model of Shockley partial dislocations (G–L model). With the temperature increasing (25–280 °C), the damping capacity of Fe–19.35Mn alloy was improved greatly because of the effect of thermo-assisted unpinning, which decreased the binding force between Shockley partial dislocations and pinning defects, and increased the number of Shockley partial dislocations that could break away at certain strain amplitude.

CaIPF7817, a functionally unknown gene in Candida albicans, was suggested to be involved in the redox system previously, but its exact role is unknown. In this study, ipf7817 null mutant was generated with the URA-blaster method. After the deletion of CaIPF7817, intracellular levels of reactive oxygen species were significantly increased; mitochondrial membrane potential, a direct indicator of mitochondrial function, was elevated; some important redox-related genes, including GLR1, SOD2, and TRR1, were up-regulated; and the GSH/GSSG ratio was raised. These changes indicated that CaIPF7817 played important roles in the regulation of redox homeostasis in C. albicans.

The damping capacity of the Fe–7Al–0.5Ti alloy in different annealing conditions was measured using reversal torsion technique. A water-based magneto-fluid was used to analyze magnetic domain morphology of the alloy using optical microscopy. The experimental results show that there is a damping peak after annealed at 1000 °C × 1 h. The damping variation of this alloy depends on the domain wall mobility and its size that cause a critical temperature. Below the critical annealing temperature, the decrease of local internal stress and structure defects causes magnetic domains more easily to move. As a result, the damping capacity increases quickly. However, when this alloy is annealed over the critical temperature, the size of magnetic domains becomes so large that the domain wall area in metal decreases, making the damping capacity decreases as well.

The stochastic resonance (SR) characteristics of a single bistable system and two bistable systems connected in series with small and large parameters have been investigated, respectively. The viewpoint is that a single bistable system is better than a cascaded bistable system in detecting a weak periodic signal in frequency domain, and that, in time field, a cascaded system can detect a more beautiful waveform of either a periodic or an aperiodic weak signal. However, for some detection of a special signal, the periodic pulse for instance, a single bistable system is of great benefit to the signal extraction in time domain. It can provide some important information properties that are hardly obtained in frequency spectrum. Two examples of detecting a weak signal embedded in strong noise are presented in the end to illustrate that a single bistable system and a cascaded bistable system are both powerful tools for signal processing.

To explore the significance of platelet activation (PA) in patients with unstable angina pectoris (UA) and the effect of Xuefu Zhuyu pill (XZP, a Chinese composite recipe) on it, by way of determining platelet membrane glycoprotein CD62P, CD41/CD45 expressions in whole blood of healthy persons and UA patients. XZP was given orally to 45 UA patients for 2 weeks. Their expressions of CD62P and CD41/CD45 in peripheral blood were determined before and after treatment by whole blood flow cytometry with special marked antibody, and compared with those in 10 healthy persons of the same age as a normal control group. Amount of expressions of CD62P and CD41/CD45 (FC%) in UA patients before treatment were 24. 22±7. 92 and 25. 89±8.10 respectively, all higher than those in the control group (P 0.05) . Platelet adhesion rate reduced significantly (P

The damping capacity of Fe–16Cr–2.5Mo alloy heat-treated at different temperatures was investigated. A water-based magnetic fluid was used to analyze domain morphologies. The experimental results show that there is a maximum value of damping capacity when the solution annealing temperature of the material is 1373 K. When the annealing temperature is higher, the damping capacity of the alloy drops quickly. The change in damping capacity with the solution annealing temperature is believed to be due to different domain morphologies. The domains are larger and the domain-wall area is smaller in the alloy annealed at a higher temperature. The wedge-shaped domains acted as obstacles for pinning the domain-wall movement, even though movement of the 90° domains is easy. As a result, the damping capacity of the alloys drops when the annealing temperature is very high.

Objective To observe the effects of Fuzheng Kangbai Granule (FZKBG) on immune function and survival time in minimal residual leukemia (MRL) model mice and explore its mechanism.

To compare PQS combined with DA and DA alone in inhibiting platelet adhesion to injured human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) and to explore the possible mechanisms focusing on PI3K/AKT, COX-2/6-keto-PGF1α, and COX-1/TXB2 pathways. HUVECs injured by oxidized low-density lipoprotein(ox

To observe the clinical effectiveness of Qinghuang Powder (QHP) combined with Bupi Yishen Decoction (, BPYS) in treating myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS), and its relationship with France, America, and Britain (FAB) type, international prognosis scaling system (IPSS) risk, and chromosome karyotype.There were 124 MDS patients subjected to the tests. By FAB typing, 91 patients were typed as refractory anemia (RA) type and 33 as refractory anemia with excess of blasts (RAEB) type; by IPSS scale, 21 were sorted to low risk, 77 to moderate risk I, 20 to moderate risk II, and 6 to high risk; 78 of them had normal chromosome and 46 with abnormal chromosome, including 26 of trisomy 8. All patients were treated with QHP+BPYS, and the changes of peripheral blood figure and bone marrow were observed.After treatment, the general effective rate was 72.58% (90/124), which in the patients of RA type was 80.22% (73/91) and in RAEB type 51.52% (17/33). The former was better than that in the later (P0.01). For the analysis in the patients of different IPSS risk degrees, the effective rate was 95.24% (20/21) in the lowrisk group, 72.73% (56/77) in moderate risk I, 65.00% (13/20) in moderate-risk II, and 16.67% (1/6) in high-risk group. Those in the first two groups were superior to that in the latter two (P0.01). The effective rate was 79.49% (61/78) in the patients with normal chromosome and was 60.87% (28/46) in the patients with abnormal chromosome, showing a significant difference between them. While in the patients of trisomy 8, it was 73.08% (19/26), which was parallel to that in the patients with normal chromosome.The effectiveness of QHP+BPYS comprehensive therapy for MDS is unquestionably good, and it is markedly correlated with the FAB type and IPSS risk degree of the disease, as well as the normality of chromosome in the patient.

A field experiment was conducted to study the effects of nitrogen (N) topdressing on the biomass accumulation and nutrient concentration and storage in different organs of two-year-old eucalyptus. Comparing with the control, N topdressing increased the eucalyptus biomass by 24.2%. Branch had the highest increment (38.2%), while leaf had the lowest one. The nutrient uptake under N topdressing was improved significantly, with the order of PKNMgCaSi. Leaf had the highest contents of N, P, Mg, and Si; trunk had the highest storage of K; while branch had the most significant increase of nutrient concentration and storage. The N, P, and K were recycled mainly through internal flux, with 73.8% of N, 79.1% of P, and 72.9% of K in leaf transferred back to the plant before leaf fallen, and the external flux of these three nutrients only occupied 14.8%, 7.7%, and 8.6% of their total storage in the tree, respectively. The Ca, Mg and Si were the external flux elements, especially for Ca. 89.2% of Ca in leaf was cycled in external flux, accounting for 25.9% of its total storage in the tree.

Widespread and repeated use of azoles, particularly fluconazole, has led to the rapid development of azole resistance in Candida albicans. Overexpression of CDR1, CDR2, and CaMDR1 has been reported contributing to azole resistance in C. albicans. In this study, hyper-resistant C. albicans mutant, with the above three genes deleted, was obtained by exposure to fluconazole and fluphenezine for 28 passages. Thirty-five differentially expressed genes were identified in the hyper-resistant mutant by microarray analysis; among the 13 up-regulated genes, we successfully constructed the rta2 and ipf14030 null mutants in C. albicans strain with deletions of CDR1, CDR2 and CaMDR1. Using spot dilution assay, we demonstrated that the disruption of RTA2 increased the susceptibility of C. albicans to azoles while the disruption of IPF14030 did not influence the sensitivity of C. albicans to azoles. Meanwhile, we found that ectopic overexpression of RTA2 in C. albicans strain with deletions of CDR1, CDR2 and CaMDR1 conferred resistance to azoles. RTA2 expression was found elevated in clinical azole-resistant isolates of C. albicans. In conclusion, our findings suggest that RTA2 is involved in the development of azole resistance in C. albicans.