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The use of liquid biopsy in cancer research has grown exponentially, offering potential for early detection, treatment stratification, and monitoring residual disease and recurrence. Exosomes, released by cancer cells, contain tumor-derived materials and are stable in biofluids, making them valuable biomarkers for clinical evaluation. Bibliometric research on osteosarcoma (OS) and exosome-derived diagnostic biomarkers is scarce. Therefore, we aimed to conduct a bibliometric evaluation of studies on OS and exosome-derived biomarkers. Using the Web of Science Core Collection database, Microsoft Excel, the R “Bibliometrix” package, CiteSpace, and VOSviewer software, quantitative analyses of the country, author, annual publications, journals, institutions, and keywords of studies on exosome-derived biomarkers for OS from 1995 to 2023 were performed. High-quality records (average citation rate ≥ 10/year) were filtered. The corresponding authors were mainly from China, the USA, Australia, and Canada. The University of Kansas Medical Center, National Cancer Center, Japan, and University of Kansas were major institutions, with limited cooperation reported by the University of Kansas Medical Center. Keyword analysis revealed a shift from cancer progression to mesenchymal stem cells, exosome expression, biogenesis, and prognostic biomarkers. Qualitative analysis highlighted exosome cargo, including miRNAs, circRNAs, lncRNAs, and proteins, as potential diagnostic OS biomarkers. This research emphasizes the rapid enhancement of exosomes as a diagnostic frontier, offering guidance for the clinical application of exosome-based liquid biopsy in OS, contributing to the evolving landscape of cancer diagnosis.

Abstract Interstitial fluid (ISF) from brain drains along the basement membranes of capillaries and arteries as Intramural Periarterial Drainage (IPAD); failure of IPAD results in cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA). In this study, we test the hypothesis that IPAD fails after subarachnoid haemorrhage (SAH). The rat SAH model was established using endovascular perforation method. Fluorescence dyes with various molecular weights were injected into cisterna magna of rats, and the pattern of IPAD after SAH was detected using immunofluorescence staining, two-photon fluorescent microscope, transmission electron microscope and magnetic resonance imaging tracking techniques. Our results showed that fluorescence dyes entered the brain along a periarterial compartment and were cleared from brain along the basement membranes of the capillaries, with different patterns based on individual molecular weights. After SAH, there was significant impairment in the IPAD system: marked expansion of perivascular spaces, and ISF clearance rate was significantly decreased, associated with the apoptosis of endothelial cells, activation of astrocytes, over-expression of matrix metalloproteinase 9 and loss of collagen type IV. In conclusion, experimental SAH leads to a failure of IPAD, clinically significant for long term complications such as CAA, following SAH.

Central nervous system (CNS) function recovery following stroke remains a major challenge because neural regeneration is difficult to achieve. In this study, rigid-flexible composite scaffolds consisting of nanofibers from electrospun scaffolds and self-adapting and injectable hydrogel were loaded with bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs), and the effects of these loaded BMSCs on ischemic insult were investigated. In vitro analysis of the viability, migration, neurite growth, angiogenic capacity, and paracrine effects of BMSCs indicated that BMSCs loaded in composite scaffolds had a better therapeutic effect than those BMSCs in saline. Furthermore, in vivo, BMSCs loaded in composite scaffolds significantly reduced the extent of brain edema and the infarct volume, alleviated neurological deficits, markedly attenuated microglial and astrocyte overactivation, and increased neuronal proliferation and vascular growth. Bioinformatics analysis revealed that BMSCs loaded in composite scaffolds could decrease the level of exosomal miR-206–3p and consequently increase the activity of the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway. In conclusion, BMSCs loaded in novel composite scaffolds exert obvious neuroprotective effects, attenuating ischemic injury by enhancing angiogenesis and neural regeneration in the brain after ischemic stroke, and these results provide a promising approach for treating CNS diseases in the clinic via cell transplantation.

In an equilibrium vessel, the solubility of diphenyl carbonate (DPC) in alkanols was measured in the temperature range of 283−338 K, using a method in which an excess amount of solute was equilibrated with the alkanol solution. The liquid concentrations of the investigated DPC in the saturated solution were analyzed by spectrophotometry. The solubility data have been correlated as functions of the temperature. Activity coefficients for DPC have been calculated by means of the Wilson, NRTL, and UNIQUAC equations and, with them, were correlated solubility data that were compared with the experimental data. The best correlation of the solubility data has been obtained by the Wilson equation, by which the average root-mean-square deviation of temperature for the seven systems is 1.72 K. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The solubility of salol in methanol, ethanol, 1-propanol, 2-propanol, 1-butanol, 2-butanol, and 2-methyl-1-propanol was determined in the temperature range from (283.15 to 308.15) K by a static analytical method. The concentrations of the investigated salol in saturated solution were analyzed by UV spectrometry. A second-degree polynomial was proposed for correlating the experimental data, and it exhibited good agreement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]